1
|
Blondiaux E, Diamantaras A, Schumacher R, Blanke O, Müri R, Heydrich L. The neural correlates of topographical disorientation-a lesion analysis study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:520-524. [PMID: 38234234 PMCID: PMC10863913 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Topographical disorientation refers to the selective inability to orient oneself in familiar surroundings. However, to date its neural correlates remain poorly understood. Here we use quantitative lesion analysis and a lesion network mapping approach in order to investigate seven patients with topographical disorientation. Our findings link not only the posterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and retrosplenial cortex but also the lingual gyrus, the precuneus and the fusiform gyrus to topographical disorientation. We propose that topographical disorientation is due to the inability to integrate familiar landmarks within a framework of allocentric and egocentric orientation, supported by a neural network including the posterior PHG, the retrosplenial and the lingual cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blondiaux
- Laboratory of Cognitive NeuroscienceBrain‐Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Center for NeuroprostheticsSchool of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Diamantaras
- Department of NeurologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- CORE Lab, Psychosomatic Competence Center, Department of NeurologyInselspital. Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Rahel Schumacher
- Department of NeurologyInselspital, University Neurorehabilitation, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive NeuroscienceBrain‐Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Center for NeuroprostheticsSchool of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - René Müri
- Department of NeurologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyInselspital, University Neurorehabilitation, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Lukas Heydrich
- Department of NeurologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- CORE Lab, Psychosomatic Competence Center, Department of NeurologyInselspital. Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zebhauser PT, Vernet M, Nischwitz S, Sämann PG, Brem AK. Neural correlates of transient topographical disorientation: an experimental EEG-MRI case study. J Neurol 2023; 270:6151-6154. [PMID: 37566233 PMCID: PMC10632213 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Theo Zebhauser
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Marine Vernet
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Anna-Katharine Brem
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iggena D, Jeung S, Maier PM, Ploner CJ, Gramann K, Finke C. Multisensory input modulates memory-guided spatial navigation in humans. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1167. [PMID: 37963986 PMCID: PMC10646091 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient navigation is supported by a cognitive map of space. The hippocampus plays a key role for this map by linking multimodal sensory information with spatial memory representations. However, in human navigation studies, the full range of sensory information is often unavailable due to the stationarity of experimental setups. We investigated the contribution of multisensory information to memory-guided spatial navigation by presenting a virtual version of the Morris water maze on a screen and in an immersive mobile virtual reality setup. Patients with hippocampal lesions and matched controls navigated to memorized object locations in relation to surrounding landmarks. Our results show that availability of multisensory input improves memory-guided spatial navigation in both groups. It has distinct effects on navigational behaviour, with greater improvement in spatial memory performance in patients. We conclude that congruent multisensory information shifts computations to extrahippocampal areas that support spatial navigation and compensates for spatial navigation deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deetje Iggena
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sein Jeung
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Fasanenstraße 1, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Olav Kyrres gate 9,7030, Trondheim, Norway
- Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrizia M Maier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph J Ploner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Gramann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Fasanenstraße 1, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- University of California, San Diego, Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luzzi S, Fiori C, Ranaldi V, Baldinelli S, Cherubini V, Morelli M, Silvestrini M, Snowden JS. Allochiria for spatial landmarks as the presenting feature of posterior cortical atrophy. Cortex 2022; 157:274-287. [PMID: 36370598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allochiria refers to the mislocation of stimuli to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the body or hemispace. It is most often, although not exclusively, reported in the tactile modality and typically in association with unilateral neglect. We describe a patient presenting with a 2-year history of topographical disorientation without other cognitive complaints. We conducted a systematic exploration of his topographical problems to identify their cognitive substrate. Standard neuropsychological examination revealed no abnormalities. Notably, he performed well on perceptual, spatial, and constructional tasks. No signs of neglect were elicited. A tailored battery of tests was administered, involving road maps and landmarks, and designed to replicate the situations in which he experienced symptoms. The experimental tests showed no evidence of topographical agnosia or amnesia for landmarks and their spatial relationships and no hemispatial neglect. Nevertheless, the patient exhibited a systematic tendency to translocate topographical landmarks sited on the left to the right side. The phenomenon, consistent with representational allochiria, occurred exclusively for topographical landmarks, and was present along both personally familiar and new learned routes. Over the next two years more widespread visuoperceptual and spatial deficits emerged, with Balint and Gerstmann syndromes. Functional imaging revealed hypoperfusion of the occipito-parietal regions and amyloid PET the presence of amyloid plaques. A diagnosis was made of posterior cortical atrophy, the visual variant of Alzheimer's Disease. To our knowledge this is the first case of topographical disorientation presenting with selective representational allochiria and the first report of allochiria as an early sign of posterior cortical atrophy. The case sheds light on the cognitive basis of allochiria and on a puzzling clinical presentation of neurodegenerative brain disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Luzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fiori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Baldinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Cherubini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Julie S Snowden
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Ciò F, Garaci F, Minosse S, Passamonti L, Martucci A, Lanzafame S, Di Giuliano F, Picchi E, Cesareo M, Guerrisi MG, Floris R, Nucci C, Toschi N. Reorganization of the structural connectome in primary open angle Glaucoma. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102419. [PMID: 33032067 PMCID: PMC7552094 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary open angle Glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most common causes of permanent blindness in the world. Recent studies have suggested the hypothesis that POAG is also a central nervous system disorder which may result in additional (i.e., extra-ocular) involvement. The aim of this study is to assess possible structural, whole-brain connectivity alterations in POAG patients. We evaluated 23 POAG patients and 15 healthy controls by combining multi-shell diffusion weighted imaging, multi-shell, multi-tissue probabilistic tractography, graph theoretical measures and a recently designed 'disruption index', which evaluates the global reorganization of brain networks. We also studied the associations between the whole-brain structural connectivity measures and indices of visual acuity including the field index (VFI) and two Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) parameters, namely the Macula Ganglion Cell Layer (MaculaGCL) and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thicknesses. We found both global and local structural connectivity differences between POAG patients and controls, which extended well beyond the primary visual pathway and were localized in the left calcarine gyrus (clustering coefficient p = 0.036), left lateral occipital cortex (clustering coefficient p = 0.017, local efficiency p = 0.035), right lingual gyrus (clustering coefficient p = 0.009), and right paracentral lobule (clustering coefficient p = 0.009, local efficiency p = 0.018). Group-wise (clustering coefficient, p = 6.59∙10-7 and local efficiency p = 6.23·10-8) and subject-wise disruption indices (clustering coefficient, p = 0.018 and local efficiency, p = 0.01) also differed between POAG patients and controls. In addition, we found negative associations between RNFL thickness and local measures (clustering coefficient, local efficiency and strength) in the right amygdala (local efficiency p = 0.008, local strength p = 0.016), right inferior temporal gyrus (clustering coefficient p = 0.036, local efficiency p = 0.042), and right temporal pole (local strength p = 0.008). Overall, we show, in patients with POAG, a whole-brain structural reorganization that spans across a variety of brain regions involved in visual processing, motor control, and emotional/cognitive functions. We also identified a pattern of brain structural changes in relation to POAG clinical severity. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that the reduction in visual acuity from POAG can be driven by a combination of local (i.e., in the eye) and more extended (i.e., brain) effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Ciò
- Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; San Raffaele Cassino, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Silvia Minosse
- Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alessio Martucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lanzafame
- Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eliseo Picchi
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Cesareo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Guerrisi
- Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Roberto Floris
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cona G, Scarpazza C. Where is the "where" in the brain? A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on spatial cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1867-1886. [PMID: 30600568 PMCID: PMC6865398 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial representations are processed in the service of several different cognitive functions. The present study capitalizes on the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method of meta-analysis to identify: (a) the shared neural activations among spatial functions to reveal the "core" network of spatial processing; (b) the specific neural activations associated with each of these functions. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 133 fMRI and PET studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis showed that the core network of spatial processing comprises regions that are symmetrically distributed on both hemispheres and that include dorsal frontoparietal regions, presupplementary motor area, anterior insula, and frontal operculum. The specific analyses revealed the brain regions that are selectively recruited for each spatial function, such as the right temporoparietal junction for shift of spatial attention, the right parahippocampal gyrus, and the retrosplenial cortex for navigation and spatial long-term memory. The findings are integrated within a systematic review of the neuroimaging literature and a new neurocognitive model of spatial cognition is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cona
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Padova Neuroscience CenterUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College Health Partners, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Claessen MH, van der Ham IJ. Classification of navigation impairment: A systematic review of neuropsychological case studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:81-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
We administered map-reading tasks in which participants navigated an array of marks on the floor by following paths on hand-held maps that made up to nine turns. The burden on memory was minimal because the map was always available. Nevertheless, because the map was held in a fixed position in relation to the body, spatial computations were continually needed to transform map coordinates into geographical coordinates as participants followed the maps. Patients with lesions limited to the hippocampus (n = 5) performed similar to controls at all path lengths (experiment 1). They were also intact at executing single moves to an adjacent location, even when trials began by facing in a direction that put the map coordinates and geographical coordinates into conflict (experiment 2). By contrast, one patient with large medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions performed poorly overall in experiment 1 and poorly in experiment 2 when trials began by facing in the direction that placed the map coordinates and geographical coordinates in maximal conflict. Directly after testing, all patients were impaired at remembering factual details about the task. The findings suggest that the hippocampus is not needed to carry out the spatial computations needed for map reading and navigating from maps. The impairment in map reading associated with large MTL lesions may depend on damage in or near the parahippocampal cortex.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bouwmeester L, van de Wege A, Haaxma R, Snoek JW. Rehabilitation in a complex case of topographical disorientation. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2014; 25:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2014.923318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Kim B, Haque A, Arnaud FG, Teranishi K, Steinbach T, Auker CR, McCarron RM, Freilich D, Scultetus AH. Use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) as pre-hospital treatment in a swine model of fluid percussion traumatic brain injury. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2014; 7:102-11. [PMID: 24812455 PMCID: PMC4013725 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.130880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has been used as an adjunctive therapy for acute post-traumatic hemorrhage and reversal of iatrogenic coagulopathy in trauma patients in the hospital setting. However, investigations regarding its potential use in pre-hospital management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been conducted extensively. AIMS In the present study, we investigated the physiology, hematology and histology effects of a single pre-hospital bolus injection of rFVIIa compared to current clinical practice of no pre-hospital intervention in a swine model of moderate fluid percussion TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were randomized to receive either a bolus of rFVIIa (90 μg/kg) or nothing 15 minutes (T15) post-injury. Hospital arrival was simulated at T60, and animals were euthanized at experimental endpoint (T360). RESULTS Survival was 100% in both groups; baseline physiology parameters were similar, vital signs were comparable. Animals that received rFVIIa demonstrated less hemorrhage in subarachnoid space (P = 0.0037) and less neuronal degeneration in left hippocampus, pons, and cerebellum (P = 0.00009, P = 0.00008, and P = 0.251, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining of brain sections showed less overall loss of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and less Flouro-Jade B positive cells in rFVIIa-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Early pre-hospital administration of rFVIIa in this swine TBI model reduced neuronal necrosis and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). These results merit further investigation of this approach in pre-hospital trauma care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Kim
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Françoise G Arnaud
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA ; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kohsuke Teranishi
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Steinbach
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles R Auker
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard M McCarron
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA ; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Freilich
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA ; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anke H Scultetus
- Department of Neuro Trauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA ; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tseng WS, Tzeng NS. Dromosagnosia, or why some people lose their sense of direction while driving. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:839-41. [PMID: 24080204 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We coined a new word, "dromosagnosia", from the Greek words, dromos ("way, road")+agnosia, to describe the loss of direction while driving, an orientation disorder similar to but different from pure topographic disorientation. Historically, human beings have moved more quickly, from using domesticated animals to high speed vehicles, and this may be beyond the brain's ability to react. Without the benefit of an automatic navigation system, automobiles are associated with more problems of dromosagnosia than are fast-moving aircraft or ships. Previous studies have noted that some areas of the brain are associated with spatial orientation, spatial memory, and even emotion, and abnormalities there could exacerbate the loss of sense of direction. We hypothesize that some people are especially disadvantaged from these brain differences and emotional disturbances when driving their cars. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERP) studies combined with a virtual reality driving simulation might be used to find the areas of the brain related to dromosagnosia. Future applications: some people with dromosagnosia might benefit from special remedial training and a driving safety support system to avoid potential problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shih Tseng
- Department of Diving Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohr J, Binder JR. Posterior Cerebral Artery Disease. Stroke 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Lim C, Alexander MP. Stroke and episodic memory disorders. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:3045-58. [PMID: 19666037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairments are common after stroke, and the anatomical basis for impairments may be quite variable. To determine the range of stroke-related memory impairment, we identified all case reports and group studies through the Medline database and the Science Citation Index. There is no hypothesis about memory that is unique to stroke, but there are several important facets of memory impairment after stroke: (1) Every node of the limbic system implicated in memory may be damaged by stroke but very rarely in isolation and the combination of amnesia with the associated deficits often illuminates additional aspects of memory functions. (2) Stroke produces amnesia by damage to critical convergence white matter connections of the limbic system, and stroke is the only etiology of amnesia that can delineate the entire pathway of memory and critical convergence points. (3) Stroke also impairs memory, without causing classical amnesia, by damaging brain regions responsible for cognitive processes, some modality specific and some more generally strategic, that are essential for normal learning and recall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lim
- The Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bell AH, Hadj-Bouziane F, Frihauf JB, Tootell RBH, Ungerleider LG. Object representations in the temporal cortex of monkeys and humans as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurophysiol 2008; 101:688-700. [PMID: 19052111 DOI: 10.1152/jn.90657.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the neural processes associated with identifying everyday stimuli include the classification of those stimuli into a limited number of semantic categories. How the neural representations of these stimuli are organized in the temporal lobe remains under debate. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify correlates for three current hypotheses concerning object representations in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of monkeys and humans: representations based on animacy, semantic categories, or visual features. Subjects were presented with blocked images of faces, body parts (animate stimuli), objects, and places (inanimate stimuli), and multiple overlapping contrasts were used to identify the voxels most selective for each category. Stimulus representations appeared to segregate according to semantic relationships. Discrete regions selective for animate and inanimate stimuli were found in both species. These regions could be further subdivided into regions selective for individual categories. Notably, face-selective regions were contiguous with body-part-selective regions, and object-selective regions were contiguous with place-selective regions. When category-selective regions in monkeys were tested with blocks of single exemplars, individual voxels showed preferences for visually dissimilar exemplars from the same category and voxels with similar preferences tended to cluster together. Our results provide some novel observations with respect to how stimulus representations are organized in IT cortex. In addition, they further support the idea that representations of complex stimuli in IT cortex are organized into multiple hierarchical tiers, encompassing both semantic and physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Bell
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, 49 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rusconi ML, Morganti F, Paladino A. Long-lasting topographical disorientation in new environments. J Neurol Sci 2008; 273:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Brunsdon R, Nickels L, Coltheart M. Topographical disorientation: Towards an integrated framework for assessment. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2007; 17:34-52. [PMID: 17178604 DOI: 10.1080/09602010500505021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Topographical disorientation, the inability to find one's way in large-scale environments, is a relatively common disorder. However, there are relatively few cognitive neuropsychological studies that investigate the nature of topographical cognition. Theoretical progress has been hindered by a number of factors including: terminological confusion; lack of theoretically driven assessment; the use of broad classifications for the nature of underlying impairments; and an ongoing failure to examine topographical skills in real-life settings. As a result, there is currently no well-established or widely accepted theoretical framework encompassing all aspects of this multifaceted area of cognition. In addition, there is a relative paucity of published case studies that include a comprehensive, theoretically based assessment of topographical disorientation, and treatment of the disorder has received virtually no formal investigation (with the exception of Davis & Coltheart, 1999). Thus, the current paper focuses on the development of a broad framework for understanding topographical cognition that integrates a number of recent theories of topographical orientation and mental imagery (Farah, 1984; Kosslyn, 1980; Riddoch & Humphreys, 1989). The aim of the paper is to present a preliminary framework that can be used as a basis for further refinement and development of theoretical proposals, and be employed by clinicians as a starting point for assessment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Brunsdon
- Rehabilitation Department, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ritter E, Després O, Monsch AU, Manning L. Topographical recognition memory sensitive to amnestic mild cognitive impairment but not to depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006; 21:924-9. [PMID: 16927398 DOI: 10.1002/gps.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) involves episodic memory. The person who presents aMCI has a high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, prediction of deterioration to dementia in cases of aMCI can be confounded with depression due to lack of specificity on selective memory tests. Finding a test sensitive to aMCI but not to depression would be potentially most useful to subsequent longitudinal studies researching the neuropsychological markers of preclinical AD. We hypothesized that the performance on a topographical memory task would be sensitive to the aMCI condition, while depression would not influence such a performance. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A group of 137 community-dwelling French-speaking subjects between 55 and 70 years old was administered a topographical recognition memory task. Based on aMCI and depression criteria, 45 subjects were selected and divided into four groups: 11 patients with aMCI without depression, nine depressive patients with aMCI, ten depressive patients without cognitive impairment and 15 control subjects. The remaining non-selected participants did not belong to any of the previous interest groups. RESULTS The 'aMCI' factor had a significant effect on the topographical recognition memory task scores, while the 'depression' factor did not. The aMCI patients performed worse than the non-aMCI. CONCLUSION Although these results were found with relatively small groups, deficits in topographical recognition memory were observed in aMCI patients and did not seem to be sensitive to depression. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether deficits in topographical recognition memory are a neuropsychological marker of preclinical AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ritter
- Centre d'Etude de Physiologie Appliquée, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gardini S, Cornoldi C, De Beni R, Venneri A. Left mediotemporal structures mediate the retrieval of episodic autobiographical mental images. Neuroimage 2006; 30:645-55. [PMID: 16290017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate the neuroanatomical substrates associated with the process of mental generation of specific (i.e., exemplar) and episodic autobiographical (i.e., an image of a unique life episode connected with an object) images. The fMRI paradigm in this experiment included a non-image generation baseline and two activation conditions requiring the generation of either specific or episodic autobiographical images. Image generation times and brain activation were recorded. Behavioral results showed that generating specific mental images took significantly less than generating episodic autobiographical images. Individuals generated specific images that were well distinct from the episodic autobiographical ones, semantic in nature without an episodic reference. Episodic autobiographical images did not show a significant bias towards preferential retrieval from any particular life period but were retrieved from across the entire life span. Conjunction analysis of the fMRI data showed that the two image generation conditions significantly activated a common set of neural structures, including mediofrontal areas. This shared pattern of activation might be the result of an underlying similar format and characteristics (e.g., richness in details) between the two types of images and might reflect the involvement of similar cognitive processes. Distinct patterns of significant activation were also present. Activation in the right parietal regions, cuneus, precuneus and left temporal regions was associated solely with the generation of specific images. Regions more specifically devoted to episodic memory retrieval and imagery, such as the left parahippocampal gyrus and precuneus, and the posterior cingulate cortex bilaterally, were significantly activated exclusively by the generation of episodic autobiographical images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gardini
- Department of Neuroscience TCR, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cherrier MM, Matsumoto AM, Amory JK, Asthana S, Bremner W, Peskind ER, Raskind MA, Craft S. Testosterone improves spatial memory in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2006; 64:2063-8. [PMID: 15985573 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000165995.98986.f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of testosterone (T) supplementation on cognition in a sample of men with Alzheimer disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Fifteen patients with AD and 17 patients with MCI aged 63 to 85 years completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nineteen participants received weekly intramuscular (IM) injections of 100 mg T enanthate and 13 participants received weekly injections of placebo (saline) for 6 weeks. Cognitive evaluations using a battery of neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, week 3, and week 6 of treatment and again after 6 weeks of washout. RESULTS Peak serum total T levels were raised from baseline an average of 295% in the active treatment group. Improvements in spatial memory (p < 0.05) and constructional abilities (p < 0.05) and verbal memory were evident in the T group. No changes were noted for selective and divided attention or language. Prostate specific antigen did not significantly change during this brief treatment. CONCLUSION Testosterone supplementation may benefit selective cognitive functions in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Cherrier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng K, Newcombe NS. Is there a geometric module for spatial orientation? Squaring theory and evidence. Psychon Bull Rev 2005; 12:1-23. [PMID: 15945200 DOI: 10.3758/bf03196346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence, beginning with Cheng (1986), that mobile animals may use the geometry of surrounding areas to reorient following disorientation. Gallistel (1990) proposed that geometry is used to compute the major or minor axes of space and suggested that such information might form an encapsulated cognitive module. Research reviewed here, conducted on a wide variety of species since the initial discovery of the use of geometry and the formulation of the modularity claim, has supported some aspects of the approach, while casting doubt on others. Three possible processing models are presented that vary in the way in which (and the extent to which) they instantiate the modularity claim. The extant data do not permit us to discriminate among them. We propose a modified concept of modularity for which an empirical program of research is more tractable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sommer T, Rose M, Weiller C, Büchel C. Contributions of occipital, parietal and parahippocampal cortex to encoding of object-location associations. Neuropsychologia 2005; 43:732-43. [PMID: 15721186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Events are stored in our episodic memory in varying degrees of accessibility for conscious retrieval and combined with varying amounts of associated information. A crucial aspect of episodic memory is to bind information together, e.g. linking an object to a certain location. Spontaneous or experimenter-induced variance in the allocation of attentional resources during encoding critically determines the strength of the resulting memory trace especially for associative information as measured in subsequent memory tests. The neural correlates of associative memory encoding were investigated by lesion, PET- and fMRI-studies. So far no study aimed to assess the memory for associative information in a non-categorical way. Such a parametric assessment opens the possibility for a closer inspection of the relationship between brain activity and memory trace formation. We established a novel associative object-location memory paradigm, together with a parametric assessment of subsequent memory performance for spatial location which allows: (i) to determine if associative information is retrieved in a continuous or discontinuous manner during recognition and (ii) to investigate the relationship between activity during encoding and the resulting memory trace. Such correlations were observed in the occipital, parietal and the parahippocampal cortex, areas known to be involved in processing either objects and/or locations. The analysis of response functions revealed for the majority of areas involved in encoding a continuous relationship between brain activity during encoding and the confidence in a subsequent memory test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sommer
- NeuroImage Nord, Department of Neurology, Hamburg University Medical School, Martinistrasse 52 D, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
One-trial memory for object-place associations after separate lesions of hippocampus and posterior parahippocampal region in the monkey. J Neurosci 2003. [PMID: 12629201 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.23-05-01956.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In earlier studies of one-trial spatial memory in monkeys (Parkinson et al., 1988; Angeli et al., 1993), severe and chronic memory impairment for both object-place association and place alone was found after ablation of the hippocampal formation. The results appeared to provide the first clear-cut evidence in the monkey of the essential role of the hippocampus in spatial memory, but that interpretation neglected the inclusion in the lesion of the underlying posterior parahippocampal region. To determine the separate contributions of the hippocampus and posterior parahippocampal region to these spatial forms of one-trial memory, we trained 10 rhesus monkeys, as before, to remember the spatial positions of either two different trial-unique objects overlying two of the wells in a three-well test tray (object-place trials) or simply two of the three wells (place trials). Six of the monkeys then received ibotenic acid lesions restricted to the hippocampal formation (group H), and the four others received selective ablations of the posterior parahippocampal region (group P), comprising mainly parahippocampal cortex, parasubiculum, and presubiculum. Group H was found to be completely unaffected postoperatively on both types of trials, whereas group P sustained an impairment on both types equal in magnitude to that observed after the combined lesions in the original studies. Thus, contrary to the previous interpretation, one-trial memory for object-place association and, perhaps more fundamentally, one-trial memory for two different places appear to be critically dependent not on the hippocampal formation but rather on the posterior parahippocampal region.
Collapse
|