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Wang Z, Li M, Wu T. Ice recrystallization inhibition activity in bile salts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:728-738. [PMID: 36193617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization inhibitors are novel cryoprotective agents that can reduce the freezing damage of cells, tissues, and organs in cryopreservation. To date, potent ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity has been found on antifreeze (glyco)proteins, polymers, nanomaterials, and a limited number of chemically synthesized small molecules. This paper reports a relatively potent IRI activity on a group of small biological molecules - bile salts. The IRI activity increased as the number of hydroxyl groups decreased in bile salts. Among sodium cholate (NaC), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), sodium chenodeoxycholate (NaCC), and sodium lithocholate (NaLC), the least hydrophilic NaLC at a concentration of 25.0 mM entirely blocked the ice growth in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) under test conditions. The IRI activity of bile salts was not related to viscosity or gelation. No IRI activity was found below the critical micelle concentration. The IRI activity was independent of liquid crystal formation. No ice shaping and thermal hysteresis were observed on any bile salts, but NaC and NaLC could increase the ice nucleation temperature. The findings add bile salts to the existing material list of ice recrystallization inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2510 River Drive, TN 37996, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2510 River Drive, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2510 River Drive, TN 37996, USA.
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2
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Sieger J, Brümmer F, Ahn H, Lee G, Kim S, Schill RO. Reduced ageing in the frozen state in the tardigrade
Milnesium inceptum
(Eutardigrada: Apochela). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sieger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - F. Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - H. Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - G. Lee
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - R. O. Schill
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
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3
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Chen X, Wu J, Li L, Wang S. Cryoprotective Activity and Action Mechanism of Antifreeze Peptides Obtained from Tilapia Scales on Streptococcus thermophilus during Cold Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1918-1926. [PMID: 30689371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress adversely affects cell viability and acidification, and new cryoprotective methods continue to be needed in cold-chain food industry. Given this, we investigated the cryoprotective effects and action mechanism of antifreeze peptides obtained from tilapia scales (TSAPP) on Streptococcus thermophilus during cold stress. Our results showed that the molecular weight of TSAPP ranged from 180 to 2000 Da and its thermal hysteresis activity was 0.29 °C. Growth of S. thermophilus was improved after treatment with TSAPP (1 mg/mL) under cold stress. This growth was notable when compared with the effects of other cryoprotectants. Furthermore, TSAPP improved the metabolic activity of S. thermophilus during cold stress. TSAPP likely offered its cellular protection by maintaining cell membrane fluidity through hydrogen bonding of the phospholipid bilayer. These results indicate that TSAPP has potential as a novel biological peptide material with cryoprotective activity for future use in probiotic or other processed food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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4
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Voets IK. From ice-binding proteins to bio-inspired antifreeze materials. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4808-4823. [PMID: 28657626 PMCID: PMC5708349 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBP) facilitate survival under extreme conditions in diverse life forms. IBPs in polar fishes block further growth of internalized environmental ice and inhibit ice recrystallization of accumulated internal crystals. Algae use IBPs to structure ice, while ice adhesion is critical for the Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas primoryensis. Successful translation of this natural cryoprotective ability into man-made materials holds great promise but is still in its infancy. This review covers recent advances in the field of ice-binding proteins and their synthetic analogues, highlighting fundamental insights into IBP functioning as a foundation for the knowledge-based development of cheap, bio-inspired mimics through scalable production routes. Recent advances in the utilisation of IBPs and their analogues to e.g. improve cryopreservation, ice-templating strategies, gas hydrate inhibition and other technologies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Detecting seasonal variation of antifreeze protein distribution in Rhagium mordax using immunofluorescence and high resolution microscopy. Cryobiology 2016; 74:132-140. [PMID: 27847317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of the blackspotted pliers support beetle, Rhagium mordax, were collected monthly, for the duration of 2012 and fixed. The larvae were embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned. Using fluorophore-coupled antibodies specific to the R. mordax antifreeze protein, RmAFP1, sections were visualised with UV reflected light microscopy. An automated software analysis method was developed in order to discard autofluorescence, and quantify fluorescence from bound antibodies. The results show that R. mordax cuticle and gut exhibit a higher degree of fluorophore-bound fluorescence during summer, than in the cold months. It is hypothesised that R. mordax stores RmAFP1 in, or near, the fat body during times when freeze avoidance is not needed.
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6
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Purification and Identification of Antifreeze Protein From Cold-Acclimated Oat (Avena sativa L.) and the Cryoprotective Activities in Ice Cream. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Ding X, Zhang H, Chen H, Wang L, Qian H, Qi X. Extraction, purification and identification of antifreeze proteins from cold acclimated malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Food Chem 2014; 175:74-81. [PMID: 25577053 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins from cold-acclimated malting barley were extracted by infiltration-centrifugation. The infiltration time was optimised, and its extraction effect was evaluated. The effect of cold acclimation on the accumulation of barley antifreeze proteins (BaAFPs) was assessed by comparing the thermal hysteresis activities (THA) of proteins extracted from both cold acclimated and non-cold acclimated barley grain. Ultra-filtration, ammonium precipitation and column chromatography were used successively to purify the BaAFPs, and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS was used for protein identification. The results showed that infiltration-centrifugation was more targeted than the traditional method, and 10h was the optimal infiltration time. THA was observed only after cold acclimation implied that AFPs only began to accumulate after cold acclimation. After purification, BaAFP-I was obtained at an electrophoresis level and its THA was 1.04°C (18.0 mg ml(-1)). The mass fingerprinting and sequencing results indicated the homology of the BaAFP-I to alpha-amylase inhibitor BDAI-1 (Hordeum vulgare).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiying Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment & Technology & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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8
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Friis DS, Kristiansen E, von Solms N, Ramløv H. Antifreeze activity enhancement by site directed mutagenesis on an antifreeze protein from the beetleRhagium mordax. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1767-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Extraction of Carrot (Daucus carota) Antifreeze Proteins and Evaluation of Their Effects on Frozen White Salted Noodles. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Bildanova LL, Salina EA, Shumny VK. Main properties and evolutionary features of antifreeze proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905971301005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Kubota N. Effects of cooling rate, annealing time and biological antifreeze concentration on thermal hysteresis reading. Cryobiology 2011; 63:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Inada T, Koyama T, Goto F, Seto T. Ice nucleation in emulsified aqueous solutions of antifreeze protein type III and poly(vinyl alcohol). J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7914-22. [PMID: 21619040 DOI: 10.1021/jp111745v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze protein (AFP) III and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are known as anti-ice nucleating agents (anti-INAs), which inhibit heterogeneous ice nucleation. However, the effectiveness of these anti-INAs in inhibiting ice nucleation in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, in which homogeneous ice nucleation can be experimentally simulated, is unclear. In this study, the ice nucleation temperature in emulsified solutions of AFP III, PVA, and other nonanti-INA polymers was measured, and then the nucleation rate was analyzed based on classical nucleation theory. Results showed that ice nucleation was surface-initiated and, except for PVA solutions, probably caused heterogeneously by the emulsifier, SPAN 65, at the droplet surfaces. In this nucleation mode, AFP III had no significant effect on the ice nucleation rate. In contrast, PVA exhibited ice-nucleating activity only at the droplet surfaces, suggesting that the nucleation is due to the interaction between PVA and SPAN 65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Inada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Namiki 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan.
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13
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Wilson PW, Osterday KE, Heneghan AF, Haymet ADJ. Type I antifreeze proteins enhance ice nucleation above certain concentrations. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:34741-5. [PMID: 20837472 PMCID: PMC2966089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.171983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects that antifreeze proteins have on the supercooling and ice-nucleating abilities of aqueous solutions. Very little information on such nucleation currently exists. Using an automated lag time apparatus and a new analysis, we show several dilution series of Type I antifreeze proteins. Our results indicate that, above a concentration of ∼8 mg/ml, ice nucleation is enhanced rather than hindered. We discuss this unexpected result and present a new hypothesis outlining three components of polar fish blood that we believe affect its solution properties in certain situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Wilson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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14
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Amornwittawat N, Wang S, Duman JG, Wen X. Polycarboxylates enhance beetle antifreeze protein activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1784:1942-8. [PMID: 18620083 PMCID: PMC2632549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) lower the noncolligative freezing point of water in the presence of ice below the ice melting point. The temperature difference between the melting point and the noncolligative freezing point is termed thermal hysteresis (TH). The magnitude of the TH depends on the specific activity and the concentration of AFP, and the concentration of enhancers in the solution. Known enhancers are certain low molecular mass molecules and proteins. Here, we investigated a series of polycarboxylates that enhance the TH activity of an AFP from the beetle Dendroides canadensis (DAFP) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Triethylenetetramine-N,N,N',N'',N''',N'''-hexaacetate, the most efficient enhancer identified in this work, can increase the TH of DAFP by nearly 1.5 fold over than that of the published best enhancer, citrate. The Zn(2+) coordinated carboxylate results in loss of the enhancement ability of the carboxylate on antifreeze activity. There is not an additional increase in TH when a weaker enhancer is added to a stronger enhancer solution. These observations suggest that the more carboxylate groups per enhancer molecule the better the efficiency of the enhancer and that the freedom of motion of these molecules is necessary for them to serve as enhancers for AFP. The hydroxyl groups in the enhancer molecules can also positively affect their TH enhancement efficiency, though not as strongly as carboxylate groups. Mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natapol Amornwittawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Sen Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program, 318 Campus Drive, Clark E 150, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John G. Duman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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15
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Funakoshi K, Inada T, Kawabata H, Tomita T. Cooperative Function of Ammonium Polyacrylate with Antifreeze Protein Type I. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:3150-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800739s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Funakoshi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan, and Fine and Specialty Chemicals Research Center, Nippon Shokubai Company, Ltd., 5-8 Nishi Otabi-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8512, Japan
| | - Takaaki Inada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan, and Fine and Specialty Chemicals Research Center, Nippon Shokubai Company, Ltd., 5-8 Nishi Otabi-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan, and Fine and Specialty Chemicals Research Center, Nippon Shokubai Company, Ltd., 5-8 Nishi Otabi-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8512, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan, and Fine and Specialty Chemicals Research Center, Nippon Shokubai Company, Ltd., 5-8 Nishi Otabi-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8512, Japan
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16
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Kumble KD, Demmer J, Fish S, Hall C, Corrales S, DeAth A, Elton C, Prestidge R, Luxmanan S, Marshall CJ, Wharton DA. Characterization of a family of ice-active proteins from the Ryegrass, Lolium perenne. Cryobiology 2008; 57:263-8. [PMID: 18835384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Five genes coding for ice-active proteins were identified from an expressed sequence tag database of Lolium perenne cDNA libraries. Each of the five genes were characterized by the presence of an N-terminal signal peptide, a region enriched in hydrophilic amino acids and a leucine-rich region in four of the five genes that is homologous with the receptor domain of receptor-like protein kinases of plants. The C-terminal region of all five genes contains sequence homologous with Lolium and Triticum ice-active proteins. Of the four ice-active proteins (IAP1, IAP2, IAP3 and IAP5) cloned, three could be expressed in Escherichia coli and recovered in a functional form in order to study their ice activity. All three ice-active proteins had recrystallization inhibition activity but showed no detectable antifreeze or ice nucleation activity at the concentration tested. IAP2 and IAP5 formed distinct hexagonal-shaped crystals in the nanolitre osmometer as compared to the weakly hexagonal crystals produced by IAP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnanand D Kumble
- Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited, Parnell, Auckland 1052, New Zealand
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17
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Takamichi M, Nishimiya Y, Miura A, Tsuda S. Effect of annealing time of an ice crystal on the activity of type III antifreeze protein. FEBS J 2007; 274:6469-76. [PMID: 18028424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) possess a unique ability to bind to a seed ice crystal to inhibit its growth. The strength of this binding has been evaluated by thermal hysteresis (TH). In this study, we examined the dependence of TH on experimental parameters, including cooling rate, annealing time, annealing temperature and the size of the seed ice crystal for an isoform of type III AFP from notched-fin eelpout (nfeAFP8). TH of nfeAFP8 dramatically decreased when using a fast cooling rate (0.20 degrees C x min(-1)). It also decreased with increasing seed crystal size under a slow cooling rate (0.01 degrees C x min(-1)), but such dependence was not detected under the fast cooling rate. TH was enhanced 1.4- and 2.5-fold when ice crystals were annealed for 3 h at 0.05 and 0.25 degrees C below T(m), respectively. After annealing for 2 h at 0.25 degrees C below T(m), TH activity showed marked dependence on the size of ice crystals. These results suggest that annealing of an ice crystal for 2-3 h significantly increased the TH value of type III AFP. Based on a proposed adsorption-inhibition model, we assume that type III AFP undergoes additional ice binding to the convex ice front over a 2-3 h time scale, which results in the TH dependence on the annealing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Takamichi
- Functional Protein Research Group, Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Nicodemus J, O'tousa JE, Duman JG. Expression of a beetle, Dendroides canadensis, antifreeze protein in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 52:888-96. [PMID: 16828791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze protein 1 (DAFP-1), from the beetle Dendroides canadensis, was expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. Mean thermal hysteresis values (the difference between freezing and melting points), indicative of antifreeze protein activity, in the hemolymph of transgenic flies were found to be as high as 6.23+/-0.10 degrees C (using the nanoliter osmometer). Direct comparisons of the capillary and nanoliter osmometer techniques for measuring THA were made, illustrating the much higher values obtained by the latter. Transgenic Drosophila had supercooling points, both in contact with ice and not, that were slightly, but significantly, lower than wild-type controls (1.5-2.0 degrees C and 2.0-4.0 degrees C, respectively). The results indicate functionality of DAFP-1 in Drosophila melanogaster (the ability of DAFP-1 to inhibit both inoculative freezing across the cuticle and freezing initiated by endogenous ice nucleators). The much larger effects of DAFPs in inhibiting inoculative freezing and ice nucleation in Dendroides canadensis relative to the transgenic Drosophila may partially result from the lower DAFP concentrations and activities in Drosophila, however the absence of multiple types of DAFPs and absence of tissue specific expression may also contribute. Transgenic Drosophila were also able to live significantly longer than controls at 0 degrees C and 4 degrees C, indicating that DAFP-1 is able to increase cold tolerance at above freezing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Nicodemus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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19
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Pedersen SA, Kristiansen E, Hansen BH, Andersen RA, Zachariassen KE. Cold hardiness in relation to trace metal stress in the freeze-avoiding beetle Tenebrio molitor. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 52:846-53. [PMID: 16806256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a family of proteins characterised by their ability to inhibit the growth of ice. These proteins have evolved as a protection against lethal freezing in freeze avoiding species. Metal stress has been shown to reduce the cold hardening in invertebrates, but no study has investigated how this type of stress affects the production of AFPs. This study demonstrates that exposure to cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) reduces the normal developmental increase in AFP levels in Tenebrio molitor larvae reared under summer conditions. Exposure to winter conditions, however stimulated the production of AFPs in the metal exposed larvae, and raised the concentrations of AFPs to normal winter levels. The reduced level of AFPs in metal-stressed animals acclimated to summer conditions seems to arise from alterations in the normal gene expression of AFPs. The results indicate that metal exposure may cause freeze avoiding insects to become more susceptible to lethal freezing, as they enter the winter with lowered levels of AFPs. Such an effect cannot be revealed by ordinary toxicological tests, but may nevertheless be of considerable ecological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre A Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Realfagsbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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20
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Duman JG, Bennett V, Sformo T, Hochstrasser R, Barnes BM. Antifreeze proteins in Alaskan insects and spiders. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 50:259-266. [PMID: 15081818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2003] [Revised: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Prior to this study, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) had not been identified in terrestrial arthropods from the Arctic or anywhere in Alaska. The hemolymph of 75 species of insects and six spiders from interior and arctic Alaska were screened for thermal hysteresis (a difference between the freezing and melting points), characteristic of the presence of AFPs. Eighteen species of insects and three spiders were shown to have AFPs. Ten of the insects with AFPs were beetles including the first species from the families Chrysomelidae, Pythidae, Silphidae and Carabidae. In addition, the first Neuropteran to have AFPs was identified, the lacewing Hemerobius simulans together with the second and third Diptera (the first Tipulids) and the second and third Hemiptera, the stinkbug Elasmostethus interstinctus (the first Pentatomid), and the water strider Limnoporus dissortis (the first Gerrid). Prior to this study, 33 species of insects and three spiders had been reported to have AFPs. Most AFP-producing terrestrial arthropods are freeze avoiding, and the AFPs function to prevent freezing. However, some of the AFP- producing insects identified in this study are known to be freeze tolerant (able to survive freezing) to very low temperatures (-40 to -70 degrees C).
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Duman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Box 369, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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