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Lu Y, Sun J, Wang L, Wang M, Wu Y, Getachew A, Matthews RC, Li H, Peng WG, Zhang J, Lu R, Zhou Y. ELM2-SANT Domain-Containing Scaffolding Protein 1 Regulates Differentiation and Maturation of Cardiomyocytes Derived From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034816. [PMID: 38904247 PMCID: PMC11255699 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ELMSAN1 (ELM2-SANT domain-containing scaffolding protein 1) is a newly identified scaffolding protein of the MiDAC (mitotic deacetylase complex), playing a pivotal role in early embryonic development. Studies on Elmsan1 knockout mice showed that its absence results in embryo lethality and heart malformation. However, the precise function of ELMSAN1 in heart development and formation remains elusive. To study its potential role in cardiac lineage, we employed human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model early cardiogenesis and investigated the function of ELMSAN1. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated ELMSAN1-deficient hiPSCs through knockdown and knockout techniques. During cardiac differentiation, ELMSAN1 depletion inhibited pluripotency deactivation, decreased the expression of cardiac-specific markers, and reduced differentiation efficiency. The impaired expression of genes associated with contractile sarcomere structure, calcium handling, and ion channels was also noted in ELMSAN1-deficient cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs. Additionally, through a series of structural and functional assessments, we found that ELMSAN1-null hiPSC cardiomyocytes are immature, exhibiting incomplete sarcomere Z-line structure, decreased calcium handling, and impaired electrophysiological properties. Of note, we found that the cardiac-specific role of ELMSAN1 is likely associated with histone H3K27 acetylation level. The transcriptome analysis provided additional insights, indicating maturation reduction with the energy metabolism switch and restored cell proliferation in ELMSAN1 knockout cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we address the significance of the direct involvement of ELMSAN1 in the differentiation and maturation of hiPSC cardiomyocytes. We first report the impact of ELMSAN1 on multiple aspects of hiPSC cardiomyocyte generation, including cardiac differentiation, sarcomere formation, calcium handling, electrophysiological maturation, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐An Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Yalin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Anteneh Getachew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Rachel C. Matthews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - William Gao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Heersink School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, School of EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
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Shi L, Li X, Zhang M, Qin C, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Downregulation of Wtap causes dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:38-51. [PMID: 38224851 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins have been shown to regulate heart development and cardiac diseases. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms is not known. In this study, we identified Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP, a key regulatory protein of the m6A RNA methyltransferase complex) as a key regulator of heart function and cardiac diseases. WTAP is associated with heart development, and its expression is downregulated in both human and mice with heart failure. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of Wtap (Wtap-CKO) induces dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and neonatal death. Although WTAP deficiency in the heart decreases METTL3 (methyltransferase-like 3) protein levels, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Mettl3 in Wtap-CKO mice does not rescue the phenotypes of Wtap-CKO mice. Instead, WTAP deficiency in the heart decreases chromatin accessibility in the promoter regions of Mef2a (myocyte enhancer factor-2α) and Mef2c, leading to reduced mRNA and protein levels of these genes and lower expression of their target genes. Conversely, WTAP directly binds to the promoter of the Mef2c gene and increases its promoter luciferase activity and expression. These data demonstrate that WTAP plays a key role in heart development and cardiac function by maintaining the chromatin accessibility of cardiomyocyte specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cong Qin
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Wang G, Zhao R, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Xie F, Jiang Y, Lv G, Long D, Sun C, Bao Y, Qi S, Liu X, Zhang Q, Yang X. EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway acts as a potential therapeutic target for sulforaphane-rescued heart tube malformation induced by various concentrations of PhIP exposure. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155270. [PMID: 38096717 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyrimidine (PhIP) is a known carcinogen generated mainly from cooking meat and environmental pollutants. It is worth exploring the potential of natural small-molecule drugs to protect against adverse effects on embryonic development. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the potential toxicological effects of PhIP on embryonic heart tube formation and the effect of Sulforaphane (SFN) administration on the anti-toxicological effects of PhIP on embryonic cardiogenesis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS First, the chicken embryo model was used to investigate the different phenotypes of embryonic heart tubes induced by various concentrations of PhIP exposure. We also proved that SFN rescues PhIP-induced embryonic heart tube malformation. Second, immunofluorescence, western blot, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry experiments were employed to explore the mechanisms by which SFN protects cardiac cells from oxidative damage in the presence of PhIP. We used RNA-seq analysis, molecular docking, in situ hybridization, cellular thermal shift assay and solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to explore whether SFN protects cardiogenesis through the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. RESULTS The study showed that PhIP might dose-dependently interfere with the C-looping heart tube (mild) or the fusion of a pair of bilateral endocardial tubes (severe) in chick embryos, while SFN administration prevented cardiac cells from oxidative damage in the presence of high-level PhIP. Furthermore, we found that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent apoptosis were not the principal mechanisms by which low-level PhIP induced malformation of heart tubes. This is due to PhIP-disturbed Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway could be corrected by SFN administration. CONCLUSIONS This study provided novel insight that PhIP exposure could increase the risk of abnormalities in early cardiogenesis and that SFN could partially rescue various concentrations of PhIP-induced abnormal heart tube formation by targeting EGFR and mediating EGFR/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ran Zhao
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinxia Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feiling Xie
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Denglu Long
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengyang Sun
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shuangyu Qi
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Clinical Research Center, Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou 511495, China.
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Gabriel GC, Wu YL, Lo CW. Establishment of Cardiac Laterality. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:167-183. [PMID: 38884711 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Formation of the vertebrate heart with its complex arterial and venous connections is critically dependent on patterning of the left-right axis during early embryonic development. Abnormalities in left-right patterning can lead to a variety of complex life-threatening congenital heart defects. A highly conserved pathway responsible for left-right axis specification has been uncovered. This pathway involves initial asymmetric activation of a nodal signaling cascade at the embryonic node, followed by its propagation to the left lateral plate mesoderm and activation of left-sided expression of the Pitx2 transcription factor specifying visceral organ asymmetry. Intriguingly, recent work suggests that cardiac laterality is encoded by intrinsic cell and tissue chirality independent of Nodal signaling. Thus, Nodal signaling may be superimposed on this intrinsic chirality, providing additional instructive cues to pattern cardiac situs. The impact of intrinsic chirality and the perturbation of left-right patterning on myofiber organization and cardiac function warrants further investigation. We summarize recent insights gained from studies in animal models and also some human clinical studies in a brief overview of the complex processes regulating cardiac asymmetry and their impact on cardiac function and the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen L Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Buckingham M, Kelly RG. Cardiac Progenitor Cells of the First and Second Heart Fields. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:103-124. [PMID: 38884707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The heart forms from the first and second heart fields, which contribute to distinct regions of the myocardium. This is supported by clonal analyses, which identify corresponding first and second cardiac cell lineages in the heart. Progenitor cells of the second heart field and its sub-domains are controlled by a gene regulatory network and signaling pathways, which determine their behavior. Multipotent cells in this field can also contribute cardiac endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the skeletal muscles of the head and neck are clonally related to myocardial cells that form the arterial and venous poles of the heart. These lineage relationships, together with the genes that regulate the heart fields, have major implications for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Buckingham
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Biologie du Dévelopment de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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Sun X, Jin K, Ding X, Ruan Z, Xu P. DNA methylation cooperates with H3K9me2 at HCN4 promoter to regulate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into pacemaker-like cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289510. [PMID: 37643180 PMCID: PMC10464974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a a life-threatening disease, and biological pacemakers derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have practical clinical applications. Previous studies demonstrated that epigenetics plays an important role in the differentiation of BMSCs into pacemaker-like cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of DNA methylation and histone methylation in pacemaker cells formation and found that changes in DNA and H3K9 methylation occur in the promoter region of the pacemaker cell-specific gene HCN4. In addition, the combined addition of methylation inhibitors was able to improve the efficiency of transduction of Tbx18 in inducing the differentiation of BMSCs into pacemaker-like cells. In vitro experiments have shown that inhibition of DNA methylation and H3K9 methylation can enhance the activity of the HCN4 promoter activity, and both can affect the binding of the transcription factor NKx2.5to the HCN4 promoter region. Further research on the interaction mechanism between DNA methylation and H3K9me2 in the HCN4 promoter region revealed that the two may be coupled, and that the methylesterase G9a and DNMT1 may directly interact to bind as a complex that affects DNA methylation and H3K9me2 regulation of HCN4 transcription. In conclusion, our studies suggest that the mutual coupling of DNA and H3K9 methylation plays a critical role in regulating the differentiation of BMSCs into pacemaker-like cells from the perspective of interactions between epigenetic modifications, and combined methylation is a promising strategy to optimise pacemaker-like cells for in vitro applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongbao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
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7
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Bellchambers HM, Phatak AR, Nenni MJ, Padua MB, Gao H, Liu Y, Ware SM. Single cell RNA analysis of the left-right organizer transcriptome reveals potential novel heterotaxy genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10688. [PMID: 37393374 PMCID: PMC10314903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of left-right patterning in mice occurs at a transient structure called the embryonic node or left-right organizer (LRO). Previous analysis of the LRO has proven challenging due to the small cell number and transient nature of this structure. Here, we seek to overcome these difficulties to define the transcriptome of the LRO. Specifically, we used single cell RNA sequencing of 0-1 somite embryos to identify LRO enriched genes which were compared to bulk RNA sequencing of LRO cells isolated by fluorescent activated cell sorting. Gene ontology analysis indicated an enrichment of genes associated with cilia and laterality terms. Furthermore, comparison to previously identified LRO genes identified 127 novel LRO genes, including Ttll3, Syne1 and Sparcl1, for which the expression patterns were validated using whole mount in situ hybridization. This list of novel LRO genes will be a useful resource for further studies on LRO morphogenesis, the establishment of laterality and the genetic causes of heterotaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Bellchambers
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amruta R Phatak
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mardi J Nenni
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Maria B Padua
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Stephanie M Ware
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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8
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Mfarej MG, Hyland CA, Sanchez AC, Falk MM, Iovine MK, Skibbens RV. Cohesin: an emerging master regulator at the heart of cardiac development. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:rs2. [PMID: 36947206 PMCID: PMC10162415 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesins are ATPase complexes that play central roles in cellular processes such as chromosome division, DNA repair, and gene expression. Cohesinopathies arise from mutations in cohesin proteins or cohesin complex regulators and encompass a family of related developmental disorders that present with a range of severe birth defects, affect many different physiological systems, and often lead to embryonic fatality. Treatments for cohesinopathies are limited, in large part due to the lack of understanding of cohesin biology. Thus, characterizing the signaling networks that lie upstream and downstream of cohesin-dependent pathways remains clinically relevant. Here, we highlight alterations in cohesins and cohesin regulators that result in cohesinopathies, with a focus on cardiac defects. In addition, we suggest a novel and more unifying view regarding the mechanisms through which cohesinopathy-based heart defects may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Mfarej
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Caitlin A. Hyland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Annie C. Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Matthias M. Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - M. Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
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Abstract
The heart is the first functional organ established during embryogenesis. Investigating heart development and disease is a fascinating and crucial field of research because cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, there is great interest in establishing in vitro models for recapitulating both physiological and pathological aspects of human heart development, tissue function and malfunction. Derived from pluripotent stem cells, a large variety of three-dimensional cardiac in vitro models have been introduced in recent years. In this At a Glance article, we discuss the available methods to generate such models, grouped according to the following classification: cardiac organoids, cardiac microtissues and engineered cardiac tissues. For these models, we provide a systematic overview of their applications for disease modeling and therapeutic development, as well as their advantages and limitations to assist scientists in choosing the most suitable model for their research purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Authors for correspondence (; )
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Yahya I, Brand-Saberi B, Morosan-Puopolo G. Chicken embryo as a model in second heart field development. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14230. [PMID: 36923876 PMCID: PMC10009738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a single source of progenitor cells was thought to be responsible for the formation of the cardiac muscle. However, the second heart field has recently been identified as an additional source of myocardial progenitor cells. The chicken embryo, which develops in the egg, outside the mother can easily be manipulated in vivo and in vitro. Hence, it was an excellent model for establishing the concept of the second heart field. Here, our review will focus on the chicken model, specifically its role in understanding the second heart field. In addition to discussing historical aspects, we provide an overview of recent findings that have helped to define the chicken second heart field progenitor cells. A better understanding of the second heart field development will provide important insights into the congenital malformations affecting cardiac muscle formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imadeldin Yahya
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11115, Sudan
- Corresponding author. Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Rocha LIQ, Oliveira MFDS, Dias LC, Franco de Oliveira M, de Moura CEB, Magalhães MDS. Heart morphology during the embryonic development of Podocnemis unifilis Trosquel 1948 (Testudines: Podocnemididae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:193-212. [PMID: 35808951 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiogenesis is similar in all vertebrates, but differences in the valvuloseptal morphogenesis among non-crocodilian reptiles, birds, and mammals are noted. The origin of mesenchymal structures such as valves that regulate the passage of blood and the formation of partial septa that prevent the complete mixing of oxygen-rich and low-oxygen blood present in adult chelonians are essential in the evolutionary understanding of complete septation, endothermy and malformations, even in mammals. In this context, this study analyzed the heart morphogenesis of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) from the 4th to the 60th day of incubation. We identified the tubular heart stage, folding of the cardiac tube and expansion of the atrial and ventricular compartments followed by atrial septation by the septum primum, ventricle septation by partial septa, outflow tract septation and the formation of bicuspid valves with cartilage differentiation at the base. The formation of the first atrial septum with the mesenchymal cap is noted during the development of the atrial septum, joining the atrioventricular cushion on the 17th day and completely dividing the atria. Small secondary perforations appeared in the mid-cranial part, observed up to the 45th day. Partial ventricle septation into the pulmonary, venous, and arterial subcompartments takes place by trabeculae carneae thickening and grouping on the 15th day. The outflow tract forms the aorticopulmonary and interaortic septa on the 16th day and the bicuspid valves, on the 20th day. Therefore, after the first 20 days, the heart exhibits a general anatomical conformation similar to that of adult turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Ianca Queiroz Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maria Fabiele da Silva Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Castanhola Dias
- Laboratório Temático de Microscopia e Nanotecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Moacir Franco de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Dos Santos Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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12
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Mansfield C, Zhao MT, Basu M. Translational potential of hiPSCs in predictive modeling of heart development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:926-947. [PMID: 35261209 PMCID: PMC9458775 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a major class of birth defects worldwide and is associated with cardiac malformations that often require surgical intervention immediately after birth. Despite the intense efforts from multicentric genome/exome sequencing studies that have identified several genetic variants, the etiology of CHD remains diverse and often unknown. Genetically modified animal models with candidate gene deficiencies continue to provide novel molecular insights that are responsible for fetal cardiac development. However, the past decade has seen remarkable advances in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling approaches to better understand the development of CHD and discover novel preventative therapies. The iPSCs are derived from reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to an embryonic-like pluripotent state via overexpression of key transcription factors. In this review, we describe how differentiation of hiPSCs to specialized cardiac cellular identities facilitates our understanding of the development and pathogenesis of CHD subtypes. We summarize the molecular and functional characterization of hiPSC-derived differentiated cells in support of normal cardiogenesis, those that go awry in CHD and other heart diseases. We illustrate how stem cell-based disease modeling enables scientists to dissect the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell interactions underlying CHD. We highlight the current state of hiPSC-based studies that are in the verge of translating into clinical trials. We also address limitations including hiPSC-model reproducibility and scalability and differentiation methods leading to cellular heterogeneity. Last, we provide future perspective on exploiting the potential of hiPSC technology as a predictive model for patient-specific CHD, screening pharmaceuticals, and provide a source for cell-based personalized medicine. In combination with existing clinical and animal model studies, data obtained from hiPSCs will yield further understanding of oligogenic, gene-environment interaction, pathophysiology, and management for CHD and other genetic cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrin Mansfield
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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13
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Born LI, Andree T, Frank S, Hübner J, Link S, Langheine M, Charlet A, Esser JS, Brehm R, Moser M. eif4ebp3l-A New Affector of Zebrafish Angiogenesis and Heart Regeneration? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710075. [PMID: 36077472 PMCID: PMC9456460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (4E-BP) family is involved in translational control of cell proliferation and pro-angiogenic factors. The zebrafish eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 3 like (eif4ebp3l) is a member of the 4E-BPs and responsible for activity-dependent myofibrillogenesis, but whether it affects cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation or heart regeneration is unclear. We examined eif4ebp3l during zebrafish vascular development and heart regeneration post cryoinjury in adult zebrafish. Using morpholino injections we induced silencing of eif4ebp3l in zebrafish embryos, which led to increased angiogenesis at 94 h post fertilization (hpf). For investigation of eif4ebp3l in cardiac regeneration, zebrafish hearts were subjected to cryoinjury. Regenerating hearts were analyzed at different time points post-cryoinjury for expression of eif4ebp3l by in situ hybridization and showed strongly decreased eif4ebp3l expression in the injured area. We established a transgenic zebrafish strain, which overexpressed eif4ebp3l under the control of a heat-shock dependent promotor. Overexpression of eif4ebp3l during zebrafish heart regeneration caused only macroscopically a reduced amount of fibrin at the site of injury. Overall, these findings demonstrate that silencing of eif4ebp3l has pro-angiogenic properties in zebrafish vascular development and when eif4ebp3l is overexpressed, fibrin deposition tends to be altered in zebrafish cardiac regeneration after cryoinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I. Born
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Theresa Andree
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Frank
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Judith Hübner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Link
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marion Langheine
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Charlet
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer S. Esser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1179-1203. [PMID: 35979890 PMCID: PMC9411751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
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15
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Ebrahimi N, Osanlouy M, Bradley CP, Kubke MF, Gerneke DA, Hunter PJ. A method for investigating spatiotemporal growth patterns at cell and tissue levels during C-looping in the embryonic chick heart. iScience 2022; 25:104600. [PMID: 35800755 PMCID: PMC9253367 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ebrahimi
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Corresponding author
| | - Mahyar Osanlouy
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chris P. Bradley
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - M. Fabiana Kubke
- University of Auckland, Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Dane A. Gerneke
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Peter J. Hunter
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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16
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Ross Stewart KM, Walker SL, Baker AH, Riley PR, Brittan M. Hooked on heart regeneration: the zebrafish guide to recovery. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1667-1679. [PMID: 34164652 PMCID: PMC9215194 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While humans lack sufficient capacity to undergo cardiac regeneration following injury, zebrafish can fully recover from a range of cardiac insults. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the complexities of both the independent and co-ordinated injury responses by multiple cardiac tissues during zebrafish heart regeneration has increased exponentially. Although cardiomyocyte regeneration forms the cornerstone of the reparative process in the injured zebrafish heart, recent studies have shown that this is dependent on prior neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which in turn require epicardial, endocardial, and inflammatory cell signalling within an extracellular milieu that is optimized for regeneration. Indeed, it is the amalgamation of multiple regenerative systems and gene regulatory patterns that drives the much-heralded success of the adult zebrafish response to cardiac injury. Increasing evidence supports the emerging paradigm that developmental transcriptional programmes are re-activated during adult tissue regeneration, including in the heart, and the zebrafish represents an optimal model organism to explore this concept. In this review, we summarize recent advances from the zebrafish cardiovascular research community with novel insight into the mechanisms associated with endogenous cardiovascular repair and regeneration, which may be of benefit to inform future strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ross Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sophie L Walker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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17
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Wang M, Zhang P, Li Z, Yan Y, Cheng X, Wang G, Yang X. Different cellular mechanisms from low- and high-dose zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced heart tube malformation during embryogenesis. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:580-596. [PMID: 36137004 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2124130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the wide application of nanometer materials in daily life, people pay more attention to the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to human fetal development once the nanoparticles are absorbed into the human body during pregnancy. However, there was no directly solid evidence for ZnO NPs-caused congenital heart defects. Hence, we investigated the effect of ZnO NPs exposure on early cardiogenesis using the chicken/mouse embryo models. First, we showed ZnO NPs reduced H9c2 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while cell autophagy was significantly activated too on the same pattern. During early cardiogenesis, ZnO NPs exposure increased the chance of heart tube malformation, while precardiac cell apoptosis rises in the phenotype of closure defect and Bifida. The hypertrophy was also observed in late-stage chicken/mouse survival embryos exposed to ZnO NPs. Apart from cell apoptosis, high-dose ZnO NPs exposure led to massive programmed necrosis, and further experiments verified that ferroptosis remained primarily in ZnO NPs-induced programmed necrosis. We also revealed that the toxicology of low-dose ZnO NPs was mainly featured in the changes of expressions of key genes instead of causing precardiac cell death. MYL2 and CSRP3 could work as the downstream molecules of the above key genes in the context of ZnO NPs exposure to early cardiogenesis based on RNA sequencing. Taken together, this study for the first time revealed the potential risk of heart tube malformation induced by ZnO NPs exposure through different cellular mechanisms, which depended on low- or high-dose ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Mikami BS, Hynd TE, Lee UY, DeMeo J, Thompson JD, Sokiranski R, Doll S, Lozanoff S. Extended reality visualization of medical museum specimens: Online presentation of conjoined twins curated by Dr. Jacob Henle between 1844-1852. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2022; 27:100171. [PMID: 36133355 PMCID: PMC9489256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2022.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to characterize a full-term conjoined twins' cadaver curated by Dr. Jacob Henle sometime between 1844 and 1852 and demonstrate digital distribution of an old and rare medical museum specimen using an extended reality (XR) model workflow. Methods The cadaver (Preparation 296) is in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Heidelberg. An XR display workflow comprises image capture, segmentation, and visualization using CT/MR scans derived from the cadaver. Online radiology presentation to medical students focuses on diagnostic characteristics of anatomical systems depicted with XR models. Results Developmental defects in Preparation 296 include duplicated supradiaphragmatic structures and abnormal osteological features. Subdiaphragmatically, the gut is continuous on the right, but terminates at the distal esophagus on the left. One large liver occupies the abdomen with one spleen located on the left side. Observations suggest duplication of the primitive streak and separate notochords rostrally. Duplication occurs near the yolk sac and involves midgut formation while secondary midline fusion of the upper extremities and ribs likely results from the proximity of the embryos during development. Medical students access the model with device agnostic software during the curricular topic "Human Body Plan" that includes embryology concepts covering mechanisms of twinning. Conclusions The workflow enables ease-of-access XR visualizations of an old and rare museum specimen. This study also demonstrates digital distribution and utilization of XR models applicable to embryology education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi S. Mikami
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Thomas E. Hynd
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - U-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KR, 06591, South Korea
| | - J. DeMeo
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Jesse D. Thompson
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Roman Sokiranski
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, BG-9002, Bulgaria
| | - Sara Doll
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, DE, 69120, USA
| | - Scott Lozanoff
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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19
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Chen H, Li T, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang M, Wang X, Fang X. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of NKX2.5 and congenital heart disease in Chinese population: A meta-analysis. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:473-482. [PMID: 35647298 PMCID: PMC9102305 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
NKX2.5 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in cardiovascular growth and development. Several independent studies have been previously conducted to investigate the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 606G >C (rs3729753) in the coding region of NKX2.5 and congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, the present study aimed to reveal the relationship between NKX2.5 SNP 606G >C and the risk of CHD as possible in the Chinese population through meta-analysis. After retrieving related articles in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang DATA, and VIP database until August 2021, a total of eight studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The qualified research data were then merged into allele, dominant, recessive, heterozygous, homozygous, and additive models. Overall results of the current meta-analysis showed that 606G >C was not associated with CHD of the Chinese population in any model. In addition, subgroup analysis based on CHD type gave the same negative result. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant correlation after the deletion of each study. Furthermore, it was noted that the results were negative and the heterogeneity was not significant. In conclusion, it was evident that NKX2-5 SNP 606G >C may not lead to the risk of CHD in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Xiaoling Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
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20
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María Teresa S, Romina G, Lucila Marilén C, Fernanda A, Rafael Carlos L, Paola Mariela P. Anuran heart development and critical developmental periods: a comparative analysis of three Neotropical anuran species. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3441-3455. [PMID: 35412699 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart begins to form early during vertebrate development and is the first functional organ of the embryo. This study aimed to describe and compare the heart development in three Neotropical anuran species, Physalaemus albonotatus, Elachistocleis bicolor, and Scinax nasicus. Different Gosner Stages (GS) of embryos (GS 18-20) and premetamorphic (GS 21-25), prometamorphic (GS 26-41) and metamorphic (GS 42-46) tadpoles were analyzed using stereoscopic microscopy and Scanning Electronic Microscopy. Heart development was similar in the three analyzed species; however, some heterochronic events were identified between P. albonotatus and S. nasicus compared to E. bicolor. In addition, different patterns of melanophores arrangement were observed. During the embryonic and metamorphic periods, the main morphogenetic events occur: formation of the heart tube, regionalization of the heart compartments, development of spiral valve, onset of heartbeat, looping, and final displacement of the atrium and its complete septation. Both periods are critical for the normal morphogenesis and the correct functioning of the anuran heart. These results are useful to characterize the normal anuran heart morphology and to identify possible abnormalities caused by exposure to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandoval María Teresa
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gaona Romina
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Curi Lucila Marilén
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste (INICNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCV, UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Abreliano Fernanda
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Lajmanovich Rafael Carlos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Peltzer Paola Mariela
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
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21
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Ebrahimi N, Bradley C, Hunter P. An integrative multiscale view of early cardiac looping. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1535. [PMID: 35023324 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to form and function during the development of an embryo. Heart development consists of a series of events believed to be highly conserved in vertebrates. Development of heart begins with the formation of the cardiac fields followed by a linear heart tube formation. The straight heart tube then undergoes a ventral bending prior to further bending and helical torsion to form a looped heart. The looping phase is then followed by ballooning, septation, and valve formation giving rise to a four-chambered heart in avians and mammals. The looping phase plays a central role in heart development. Successful looping is essential for proper alignment of the future cardiac chambers and tracts. As aberrant looping results in various congenital heart diseases, the mechanisms of cardiac looping have been studied for several decades by various disciplines. Many groups have studied anatomy, biology, genetics, and mechanical processes during heart looping, and have proposed multiple mechanisms. Computational modeling approaches have been utilized to examine the proposed mechanisms of the looping process. Still, the exact underlying mechanism(s) controlling the looping phase remain poorly understood. Although further experimental measurements are obviously still required, the need for more integrative computational modeling approaches is also apparent in order to make sense of the vast amount of experimental data and the complexity of multiscale developmental systems. Indeed, there needs to be an iterative interaction between experimentation and modeling in order to properly find the gap in the existing data and to validate proposed hypotheses. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ebrahimi
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Bradley
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Drakhlis L, Devadas SB, Zweigerdt R. Generation of heart-forming organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5652-5672. [PMID: 34759383 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart-forming organoids (HFOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a complex, highly structured in vitro model of early heart, foregut and vasculature development. The model represents a potent tool for various applications, including teratogenicity studies, gene function analysis and drug discovery. Here, we provide a detailed protocol describing how to form HFOs within 14 d. In an initial 4 d preculture period, hPSC aggregates are individually formed in a 96-well format and then Matrigel-embedded. Subsequently, the chemical WNT pathway modulators CHIR99021 and IWP2 are applied, inducing directed differentiation. This highly robust protocol can be used on many different hPSC lines and be combined with manipulation technologies such as gene targeting and drug testing. HFO formation can be assessed by numerous complementary methods, ranging from various imaging approaches to gene expression studies. Here, we highlight the flow cytometry-based analysis of individual HFOs, enabling the quantitative monitoring of lineage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Santoshi Biswanath Devadas
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Song MH, Choi SC, Noh JM, Joo HJ, Park CY, Cha JJ, Ahn TH, Ko TH, Choi JI, Na JE, Rhyu IJ, Jang Y, Park Y, Gim JA, Kim JH, Lim DS. LEFTY-PITX2 signaling pathway is critical for generation of mature and ventricular cardiac organoids in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac mesoderm cells. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121133. [PMID: 34571434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The generation of mature ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) resembling adult CMs from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is necessary for disease modeling and drug discovery. To investigate the effect of self-organizing capacity on the generation of mature cardiac organoids (COs), we generated cardiac mesoderm cell-derived COs (CMC-COs) and CM-derived COs (CM-COs) and evaluated COs. CMC-COs exhibited more organized sarcomere structures and mitochondria, well-arranged t-tubule structures, and evenly distributed intercalated discs. Increased expressions of ventricular CM, cardiac metabolic, t-tubule formation, K+ ion channel, and junctional markers were confirmed in CMC-COs. Mature ventricular-like function such as faster motion vector speed, decreased beats per min, increased peak-to-peak duration, and prolonged APD50 and APD90 were observed in CMC-COs. Transcriptional profiling revealed that extracellular matrix-integrin, focal adhesion, and LEFTY-PITX2 signaling pathways are upregulated in CMC-COs. LEFTY knockdown affected ECM-integrin-FA signaling pathways in CMC-COs. Here, we found that high self-organizing capacity of CMCs is critical for the generation of mature and ventricular COs. We also demonstrated that LEFTY-PITX2 signaling plays key roles for CM maturation and specification into ventricular-like CM subtype in CMC-COs. CMC-COs are an attractive resource for disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Hwa Song
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; R&D Center for Companion Diagnostic, SOL Bio Corporation, Suite 510, 27, Seongsui-ro7-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04780, South Korea
| | - Ji-Min Noh
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Park
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Cha
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Na
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yongjun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Medical Science Research Center, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul,08308, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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24
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Khatami M, Ghorbani S, Adriani MR, Bahaloo S, Naeini MA, Heidari MM, Hadadzadeh M. Novel Point Mutations in 3'-Untranslated Region of GATA4 Gene Are Associated with Sporadic Non-syndromic Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects. Curr Med Sci 2021; 42:129-143. [PMID: 34652630 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcription factor GATA4 has significant roles in embryonic heart development. Mutations of GATA4 appear to be responsible for a wide variety of congenital heart defects (CHD). Despite the high prevalence of GATA4 mutations in CHD phenotypes, extensive studies have not been performed. The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the GATA4 gene comprises regulatory motifs and microRNA binding sites that are critical for the appropriate gene expression, nuclear transportation, and regulation of translation, and stability of mRNA. This study aimed to evaluate the association between mutations in the 3'-UTR of the GATA4 gene and CHD risk among Iranian patients. METHODS We analyzed the coding region of exon 6 and the whole 3'-UTR of GATA4 in DNA isolated from 175 blood samples of CHD patients and 115 unrelated healthy individuals. The functional importance of the observed GATA4 mutations was evaluated using a variety of bioinformatics algorithms for assessment of nonsynonymous mutations and those observed in miRNA binding sites of 3'-UTR. RESULTS Twenty-one point mutations including one missense mutation (c.511A>G: p.Ser377Gly) in exon 6 and 20 nucleotide variations in 3'-UTR of GATA4 gene were identified in 65 of the 175 CHD patients. In our patients, we identified 12 novel sequence alterations and 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3'-UTR of GATA4. Most of them had statistically significant differences between CHD patients and controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 3'-UTR variations of the GATA4 gene probably change microRNA binding sites and present an additional molecular risk factor for the susceptibility of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Khatami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 8915818411, Iran.
| | - Sajedeh Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 8915818411, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Bahaloo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 8915818411, Iran
| | - Mehri Azami Naeini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 8915818411, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hadadzadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915887856, Iran
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25
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Rowton M, Guzzetta A, Rydeen AB, Moskowitz IP. Control of cardiomyocyte differentiation timing by intercellular signaling pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:94-106. [PMID: 34144893 PMCID: PMC8968240 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), malformations of the heart present at birth, is the most common class of life-threatening birth defect (Hoffman (1995) [1], Gelb (2004) [2], Gelb (2014) [3]). A major research challenge is to elucidate the genetic determinants of CHD and mechanistically link CHD ontogeny to a molecular understanding of heart development. Although the embryonic origins of CHD are unclear in most cases, dysregulation of cardiovascular lineage specification, patterning, proliferation, migration or differentiation have been described (Olson (2004) [4], Olson (2006) [5], Srivastava (2006) [6], Dunwoodie (2007) [7], Bruneau (2008) [8]). Cardiac differentiation is the process whereby cells become progressively more dedicated in a trajectory through the cardiac lineage towards mature cardiomyocytes. Defects in cardiac differentiation have been linked to CHD, although how the complex control of cardiac differentiation prevents CHD is just beginning to be understood. The stages of cardiac differentiation are highly stereotyped and have been well-characterized (Kattman et al. (2011) [9], Wamstad et al. (2012) [10], Luna-Zurita et al. (2016) [11], Loh et al. (2016) [12], DeLaughter et al. (2016) [13]); however, the developmental and molecular mechanisms that promote or delay the transition of a cell through these stages have not been as deeply investigated. Tight temporal control of progenitor differentiation is critically important for normal organ size, spatial organization, and cellular physiology and homeostasis of all organ systems (Raff et al. (1985) [14], Amthor et al. (1998) [15], Kopan et al. (2014) [16]). This review will focus on the action of signaling pathways in the control of cardiomyocyte differentiation timing. Numerous signaling pathways, including the Wnt, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Hedgehog, Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Insulin-like Growth Factor, Thyroid Hormone and Hippo pathways, have all been implicated in promoting or inhibiting transitions along the cardiac differentiation trajectory. Gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms controlling cardiac differentiation timing promises to yield insights into the etiology of CHD and to inform approaches to restore function to damaged hearts.
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26
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Setterberg IE, Le C, Frisk M, Li J, Louch WE. The Physiology and Pathophysiology of T-Tubules in the Heart. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718404. [PMID: 34566684 PMCID: PMC8458775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, invaginations of the sarcolemmal membrane called t-tubules are critically important for triggering contraction by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. These structures form functional junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and thereby enable close contact between L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) and Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs). This arrangement in turn ensures efficient triggering of Ca2+ release, and contraction. While new data indicate that t-tubules are capable of exhibiting compensatory remodeling, they are also widely reported to be structurally and functionally compromised during disease, resulting in disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, impaired systolic and/or diastolic function, and arrhythmogenesis. This review summarizes these findings, while highlighting an emerging appreciation of the distinct roles of t-tubules in the pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFpEF). In this context, we review current understanding of the processes underlying t-tubule growth, maintenance, and degradation, underscoring the involvement of a variety of regulatory proteins, including junctophilin-2 (JPH2), amphiphysin-2 (BIN1), caveolin-3 (Cav3), and newer candidate proteins. Upstream regulation of t-tubule structure/function by cardiac workload and specifically ventricular wall stress is also discussed, alongside perspectives for novel strategies which may therapeutically target these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn E Setterberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Le
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Takemoto Y, Kadota S, Minami I, Otsuka S, Okuda S, Abo M, Punzalan LL, Shen Y, Shiba Y, Uesugi M. Chemical Genetics Reveals a Role of Squalene Synthase in TGFβ Signaling and Cardiomyogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Takemoto
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR) Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shin Kadota
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Shinshu University Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shinya Otsuka
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR) Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Satoshi Okuda
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR) Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR) Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Louvy Lynn Punzalan
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR) Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yan Shen
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR) Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Shinshu University Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR) Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
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28
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Takemoto Y, Kadota S, Minami I, Otsuka S, Okuda S, Abo M, Punzalan LL, Shen Y, Shiba Y, Uesugi M. Chemical Genetics Reveals a Role of Squalene Synthase in TGFβ Signaling and Cardiomyogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21824-21831. [PMID: 34374184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
KY02111 is a widely used small molecule that boosts cardiomyogenesis of the mesoderm cells derived from pluripotent stem cells, yet its molecular mechanism of action remains elusive. The present study resolves the initially perplexing effects of KY02111 on Wnt signaling and subsequently identifies squalene synthase (SQS) as a molecular target of KY02111 and its optimized version, KY-I. By disrupting the interaction of SQS with cardiac ER-membrane protein TMEM43, KY02111 impairs TGFβ signaling, but not Wnt signaling, and thereby recapitulates the clinical mutation of TMEM43 that causes arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), an inherited heart disease that involves a substitution of myocardium with fatty tissue. These findings reveal a heretofore undescribed role of SQS in TGFβ signaling and cardiomyogenesis. KY02111 may find its use in ARVC modeling as well as serve as a chemical tool for studying TGFβ/SMAD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Takemoto
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin Kadota
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Otsuka
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okuda
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Louvy Lynn Punzalan
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yan Shen
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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29
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Chen X, Yin J, Cao D, Xiao D, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Shou W. The Emerging Roles of the RNA Binding Protein QKI in Cardiovascular Development and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668659. [PMID: 34222237 PMCID: PMC8242579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have a broad biological and physiological function and are critical in regulating pre-mRNA posttranscriptional processing, intracellular migration, and mRNA stability. QKI, also known as Quaking, is a member of the signal transduction and activation of RNA (STAR) family, which also belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K- (hnRNP K-) homology domain protein family. There are three major alternatively spliced isoforms, QKI-5, QKI-6, and QKI-7, differing in carboxy-terminal domains. They share a common RNA binding property, but each isoform can regulate pre-mRNA splicing, transportation or stability differently in a unique cell type-specific manner. Previously, QKI has been known for its important role in contributing to neurological disorders. A series of recent work has further demonstrated that QKI has important roles in much broader biological systems, such as cardiovascular development, monocyte to macrophage differentiation, bone metabolism, and cancer progression. In this mini-review, we will focus on discussing the emerging roles of QKI in regulating cardiac and vascular development and function and its potential link to cardiovascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianwen Yin
- Department of Foot, Ankle and Hand Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Weinian Shou
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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30
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Rafatian N, Vizely K, Al Asafen H, Korolj A, Radisic M. Drawing Inspiration from Developmental Biology for Cardiac Tissue Engineers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000190. [PMID: 34008910 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A sound understanding of developmental biology is part of the foundation of effective stem cell-derived tissue engineering. Here, the key concepts of cardiac development that are successfully applied in a bioinspired approach to growing engineered cardiac tissues, are reviewed. The native cardiac milieu is studied extensively from embryonic to adult phenotypes, as it provides a resource of factors, mechanisms, and protocols to consider when working toward establishing living tissues in vitro. It begins with the various cell types that constitute the cardiac tissue. It is discussed how myocytes interact with other cell types and their microenvironment and how they change over time from the embryonic to the adult states, with a view on how such changes affect the tissue function and may be used in engineered tissue models. Key embryonic signaling pathways that have been leveraged in the design of culture media and differentiation protocols are presented. The cellular microenvironment, from extracellular matrix chemical and physical properties, to the dynamic mechanical and electrical forces that are exerted on tissues is explored. It is shown that how such microenvironmental factors can inform the design of biomaterials, scaffolds, stimulation bioreactors, and maturation readouts, and suggest considerations for ongoing biomimetic advancement of engineered cardiac tissues and regeneration strategies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katrina Vizely
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hadel Al Asafen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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31
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Inácio JM, von Gilsa Lopes J, Silva AM, Cristo F, Marques S, Futschik ME, Belo JA. DAND5 Inactivation Enhances Cardiac Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629430. [PMID: 33928078 PMCID: PMC8078107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the clues of a regenerative mechanism for the mammalian adult heart would save millions of lives in the near future. Heart failure due to cardiomyocyte loss is still one of the significant health burdens worldwide. Here, we show the potential of a single molecule, DAND5, in mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes specification and proliferation. Dand5 loss-of-function generated the double of cardiac beating foci compared to the wild-type cells. The early formation of cardiac progenitor cells and the increased proliferative capacity of Dand5 KO mESC-derived cardiomyocytes contribute to the observed higher number of derived cardiac cells. Transcriptional profiling sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR assays showed an upregulation of early cardiac gene networks governing cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycling, and cardiac regenerative pathways but reduced levels of genes involved in cardiomyocyte maturation. These findings prompt DAND5 as a key driver for the generation and expansion of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes systems with further clinical application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Inácio
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João von Gilsa Lopes
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Silva
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cristo
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Marques
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Medical School, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - José António Belo
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Verma U, Khaire K, Desai I, Sharma S, Balakrishnan S. Early embryonic exposure to chlorpyrifos-cypermethrin combination induces pattern deficits in the heart of domestic hen. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:707-721. [PMID: 33270332 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chlorpyrifos-cypermethrin combination during early development resulted in defective looping and ventricular noncompaction of heart in domestic chicken. The study was extended to elucidate the molecular basis of this novel observation. The primary culture of chicken embryonic heart cells showed a concentration-dependent loss of viability when challenged with this combination of technical-grade insecticides. Comet assay, DNA ladder assay, and analyses of appropriate markers at transcript and protein levels, revealed that chlorpyrifos-cypermethrin combination induced cell death by activating apoptosis. Parallelly, the tissues derived from control and experimental group hearts were checked for apoptotic markers, and the result was much similar to that of the in-vitro study. Further analysis showed that chlorpyrifos-cypermethrin combination deranged the expression pattern of the transcriptional regulators of cardiogenesis, namely TBX20, GATA5, HAND2, and MYOCD. This, together with heightened apoptosis, could well be the reason behind the observed structural anomalies in the heart of chlorpyrifos-cypermethrin poisoned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urja Verma
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kashmira Khaire
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Isha Desai
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Shashikant Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Suresh Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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33
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Drakhlis L, Biswanath S, Farr CM, Lupanow V, Teske J, Ritzenhoff K, Franke A, Manstein F, Bolesani E, Kempf H, Liebscher S, Schenke-Layland K, Hegermann J, Nolte L, Meyer H, de la Roche J, Thiemann S, Wahl-Schott C, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Human heart-forming organoids recapitulate early heart and foregut development. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:737-746. [PMID: 33558697 PMCID: PMC8192303 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organoid models of early tissue development have been produced for the intestine, brain, kidney and other organs, but similar approaches for the heart have been lacking. Here we generate complex, highly structured, three-dimensional heart-forming organoids (HFOs) by embedding human pluripotent stem cell aggregates in Matrigel followed by directed cardiac differentiation via biphasic WNT pathway modulation with small molecules. HFOs are composed of a myocardial layer lined by endocardial-like cells and surrounded by septum-transversum-like anlagen; they further contain spatially and molecularly distinct anterior versus posterior foregut endoderm tissues and a vascular network. The architecture of HFOs closely resembles aspects of early native heart anlagen before heart tube formation, which is known to require an interplay with foregut endoderm development. We apply HFOs to study genetic defects in vitro by demonstrating that NKX2.5-knockout HFOs show a phenotype reminiscent of cardiac malformations previously observed in transgenic mice. Heart-forming organoids model early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Santoshi Biswanath
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara-Milena Farr
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Victoria Lupanow
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Ritzenhoff
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emiliano Bolesani
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Simone Liebscher
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Nolte
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeanne de la Roche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Thiemann
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Xiong H, Huang Y, Mao Y, Liu C, Wang J. Inhibition in growth and cardiotoxicity of tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate through down-regulating Wnt signaling pathway in early developmental stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111431. [PMID: 33069947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a common organophosphorus flame retardant, tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) is detected in water environment and aquatic animals extensively. Despite previous researches have reported the developmental toxicity of TBOEP in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae, few research focused on its underlying mechanisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 20, 200, 1000 and 2000 µg/L TBOEP from 2 until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) to determine potential mechanisms of developmental toxicity of this compound. Early developmental stage parameters such as body length, survival rate, hatching rate and heart rate were decreased, while malformation rate was ascended. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was carried out at 12, 24, 72 and 120 hpf to demonstrate alterations in expression of genes of Wnt signaling pathway. The results indicated that axin1 was significantly up-regulated, while β-catenin, pkc and wnt11 were down-regulated. Correlation analysis indicated that expression of these genes was significantly correlated with body length. Furthermore, apoptosis was detected in heart region by acridine orange (AO) staining and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, at 120 hpf, occurrence of oxidative stress was observed in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), an activator of Wnt pathway, was found to alleviate the inhibiting effects of TBOEP on zebrafish growth. The overall outcomes offered novel viewpoints in toxic effects of TBOEP, and down-regulating Wnt signaling pathway were able to reveal some potential mechanisms of developmental toxicity of TBOEP in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuchao Mao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Cloning and promoter analysis of palladin 90-kDa, 140-kDa, and 200-kDa isoforms involved in skeletal muscle cell maturation. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:321. [PMID: 32620172 PMCID: PMC7333403 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Palladin is a ubiquitous phosphoprotein expressed in vertebrate cells that works as a scaffolding protein. Several isoforms deriving from alternative splicing are originated from the palladin gene and involved in mesenchymal and muscle cells formation, maturation, migration, and contraction. Recent studies have linked palladin to the invasive spread of cancer and myogenesis. However, since its discovery, the promoter region of the palladin gene has never been studied. The objective of this study was to predict, identify, and measure the activity of the promoter regions of palladin gene. Results By using promoter prediction programs, we successfully identified the transcription start sites for the Palld isoforms and revealed the presence of a variety of transcriptional regulatory elements including TATA box, GATA, MyoD, myogenin, MEF, Nkx2-5, and Tcf3 upstream promoter regions. The transcriptome profiling approach confirmed the active role of predicted transcription factors in the mouse genome. This study complements the missing piece in the characterization of palladin gene and certainly contributes to understanding the complexity and enrollment of palladin regulatory factors in gene transcription.
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Taverne YJHJ, Sadeghi A, Bartelds B, Bogers AJJC, Merkus D. Right ventricular phenotype, function, and failure: a journey from evolution to clinics. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1447-1466. [PMID: 32556672 PMCID: PMC8510935 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The right ventricle has long been perceived as the "low pressure bystander" of the left ventricle. Although the structure consists of, at first glance, the same cardiomyocytes as the left ventricle, it is in fact derived from a different set of precursor cells and has a complex three-dimensional anatomy and a very distinct contraction pattern. Mechanisms of right ventricular failure, its detection and follow-up, and more specific different responses to pressure versus volume overload are still incompletely understood. In order to fully comprehend right ventricular form and function, evolutionary biological entities that have led to the specifics of right ventricular physiology and morphology need to be addressed. Processes responsible for cardiac formation are based on very ancient cardiac lineages and within the first few weeks of fetal life, the human heart seems to repeat cardiac evolution. Furthermore, it appears that most cardiogenic signal pathways (if not all) act in combination with tissue-specific transcriptional cofactors to exert inductive responses reflecting an important expansion of ancestral regulatory genes throughout evolution and eventually cardiac complexity. Such molecular entities result in specific biomechanics of the RV that differs from that of the left ventricle. It is clear that sole descriptions of right ventricular contraction patterns (and LV contraction patterns for that matter) are futile and need to be addressed into a bigger multilayer three-dimensional picture. Therefore, we aim to present a complete picture from evolution, formation, and clinical presentation of right ventricular (mal)adaptation and failure on a molecular, cellular, biomechanical, and (patho)anatomical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J H J Taverne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Unit for Cardiac Morphology and Translational Electrophysiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrijs Bartelds
- Division of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang S, Song Z, An L, Liu X, Hu XW, Naz A, Zhou R, Guo X, He L, Zhu H. WD40 repeat and FYVE domain containing 3 is essential for cardiac development. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1320-1331. [PMID: 30428088 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS WD40 repeat and FYVE domain containing 3 (WDFY3) is an adaptor protein involved in selective degradation of protein aggregates by autophagy. Recent studies have revealed that Wdfy3 is critical in the regulation of brain development and osteoclastogenesis in vivo. However, the function of Wdfy3 in cardiac development remains completely unknown. In this study, we explore the role of Wdfy3 in cardiac morphogenesis using Wdfy3-deficient mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Wdfy3 was expressed in the developing heart in mice and peaked at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). Loss of Wdfy3 in mice led to embryonic and neonatal lethality. Wdfy3-deficient mice displayed various congenital heart defects including membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic overriding (AO), double outlet right ventricle (DORV), thinning of ventricular wall, ventricular dilation, and disorganized ventricular trabeculation at E14.5. Cell proliferation was reduced in the hearts from Wdfy3-deficient mice at E12.5 and E14.5, which was associated with enhanced p21 expression. Cardiomyocyte differentiation was diminished as demonstrated by reduced Myh6 and MLC2v in Wdfy3-deficient mice at E14.5. In addition, Nkx2-5 and Mef2c, two cardiac transcription factors regulating cardiomyocyte differentiation, were decreased in Wdfy3-deficient mice at E14.5. Apoptotic cell death remained unaltered. These data suggest that reduced cell proliferation and cardiomyocyte differentiation contribute to cardiac defects in Wdfy3-deficient mice. Mechanistically, loss of Wdfy3 led to a reduction in protein levels of Notch 1 intracellular domain and its downstream targets Hes1 and Hey1, which was accompanied with enhanced full-length Notch1 protein levels. In vitro luciferase assay showed that Wdfy3 deficiency induced activity of p21 promoter, while diminished activity of Hes1 promoter through modulation of Notch1 signalling. Moreover, Wdfy3 was co-localized with Notch1 in primary embryonic cardiomyocytes. Endogenous Wdfy3 physically interacted with full-length Notch1 in the developing heart. These results suggest that Notch1 signalling is perturbed in the hearts from Wdfy3-deficient mice. No alteration of autophagy was detected in the hearts from Wdfy3-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that Wdfy3 plays an essential role in cardiac development, which may be mediated by modulation of Notch1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongpei Song
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin An
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Hu
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amber Naz
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujiang Zhou
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Zhu
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Schmitteckert S, Ziegler C, Rappold GA, Niesler B, Rolletschek A. Molecular Characterization of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Neural Crest-Like Cells Revealed a Spatiotemporal Expression of an Mlc-3 Isoform. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:65-79. [PMID: 31887845 PMCID: PMC7119212 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells represent a perfect model system for the investigation of early developmental processes. Besides their differentiation into derivatives of the three primary germ layers, they can also be differentiated into derivatives of the ‘fourth’ germ layer, the neural crest (NC). Due to its multipotency, extensive migration and outstanding capacity to generate a remarkable number of different cell types, the NC plays a key role in early developmental processes. Cardiac neural crest (CNC) cells are a subpopulation of the NC, which are of crucial importance for precise cardiovascular and pharyngeal glands’ development. CNC-associated malformations are rare, but always severe and life-threatening. Appropriate cell models could help to unravel underlying pathomechanisms and to develop new therapeutic options for relevant heart malformations. Methods Murine ES cells were differentiated according to a mesodermal-lineage promoting protocol. Expression profiles of ES cell-derived progeny at various differentiation stages were investigated on transcript and protein level. Results Comparative expression profiling of murine ES cell multilineage progeny versus undifferentiated ES cells confirmed differentiation into known cell derivatives of the three primary germ layers and provided evidence that ES cells have the capacity to differentiate into NC/CNC-like cells. Applying the NC/CNC cell-specific marker, 4E9R, an unambiguous identification of ES cell-derived NC/CNC-like cells was achieved. Conclusions Our findings will facilitate the establishment of an ES cell-derived CNC cell model for the investigation of molecular pathways during cardiac development in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schmitteckert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Ziegler
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rolletschek
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Congenital heart diseases: genetics, non-inherited risk factors, and signaling pathways. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomalies with an estimated prevalence of 8 in 1000 live births. CHDs occur as a result of abnormal embryogenesis of the heart. Congenital heart diseases are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The damage of the heart is irreversible due to a lack of regeneration potential, and usually, the patients may require surgical intervention. Studying the developmental biology of the heart is essential not only in understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases but also in providing us with insight towards developing new preventive and treatment methods.
Main body
The etiology of congenital heart diseases is still elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Recently, cardiac transcription factors, cardiac-specific genes, and signaling pathways, which are responsible for early cardiac morphogenesis have been extensively studied in both human and animal experiments but leave much to be desired. The discovery of novel genetic methods such as next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarrays have led to further study the genes, non-coding RNAs and subtle chromosomal changes, elucidating their implications to the etiology of congenital heart diseases. Studies have also implicated non-hereditary risk factors such as rubella infection, teratogens, maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal hemodynamics in causing CHDs.
These etiological factors raise questions on multifactorial etiology of CHDs. It is therefore important to endeavor in research based on finding the causes of CHDs. Finding causative factors will enable us to plan intervention strategies and mitigate the consequences associated with CHDs. This review, therefore, puts forward the genetic and non-genetic causes of congenital heart diseases. Besides, it discusses crucial signaling pathways which are involved in early cardiac morphogenesis. Consequently, we aim to consolidate our knowledge on multifactorial causes of CHDs so as to pave a way for further research regarding CHDs.
Conclusion
The multifactorial etiology of congenital heart diseases gives us a challenge to explicitly establishing specific causative factors and therefore plan intervention strategies. More well-designed studies and the use of novel genetic technologies could be the way through the discovery of etiological factors implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases.
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Liang W, Han P, Kim EH, Mak J, Zhang R, Torrente AG, Goldhaber JI, Marbán E, Cho HC. Canonical Wnt signaling promotes pacemaker cell specification of cardiac mesodermal cells derived from mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2019; 38:352-368. [PMID: 31648393 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can give rise to de novo chamber cardiomyocytes and nodal pacemaker cells. Compared with our understanding of direct differentiation toward atrial and ventricular myocytes, the mechanisms for nodal pacemaker cell commitment are not well understood. Taking a cue from the prominence of canonical Wnt signaling during cardiac pacemaker tissue development in chick embryos, we asked if modulations of Wnt signaling influence cardiac progenitors to bifurcate to either chamber cardiomyocytes or pacemaker cells. Omitting an exogenous Wnt inhibitor, which is routinely added to maximize cardiac myocyte yield during differentiation of mouse and human ESCs, led to increased yield of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes with action potential properties similar to those of native sinoatrial node pacemaker cells. The pacemaker phenotype was accompanied by enhanced expression of genes and gene products that mark nodal pacemaker cells such as Hcn4, Tbx18, Tbx3, and Shox2. Addition of exogenous Wnt3a ligand, which activates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, increased the yield of pacemaker-like myocytes while reducing cTNT-positive pan-cardiac differentiation. Conversely, addition of inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling led to increased chamber myocyte lineage development at the expense of pacemaker cell specification. The positive impact of canonical Wnt signaling on nodal pacemaker cell differentiation was evidenced in direct differentiation of two human ESC lines and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our data identify the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a critical determinant of cardiac myocyte subtype commitment during ESC differentiation: endogenous Wnt signaling favors the pacemaker lineage, whereas its suppression promotes the chamber cardiomyocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liang
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pengcheng Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jordan Mak
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Honda H, Abe T, Fujimori T. The Chiral Looping of the Embryonic Heart Is Formed by the Combination of Three Axial Asymmetries. Biophys J 2019; 118:742-752. [PMID: 31952803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals and birds, embryonic development of the heart involves conversion of a straight tubular structure into a three-dimensional helical loop, which is a chiral structure. We investigated theoretically the mechanism of helical loop formation of the mouse embryonic heart, especially focusing on determination of left-/right-handedness of the helical loop. In geometrical terms, chirality is the result of the combination of three axial asymmetries in three-dimensional space. We hypothesized the following correspondences between axial asymmetries and morphogenesis (bending and displacement): the dorsal-ventral asymmetry by ventral bending of a straight tube of the initial heart and the left-right and anterior-posterior asymmetries, the left-right asymmetry by rightward displacement of the heart tube, which is confined to the anterior region of the tube. Morphogenesis of chiral looping of the embryonic heart is a large-scaled event of the multicellular system in which substantial physical force operates dynamically. Using computer simulations with a cell-based physico-mechanical model and experiments with mouse embryos, we confirmed the hypothesis. We conclude that rightward displacement of the tube determines the left-handed screw of the loop. The process of helix loop formation consists of three steps: 1) the left-right biasing system involving Nodal-related signals that leads to left-right asymmetry in the embryonic body; 2) the rightward displacement of the tube; and finally 3) the left-handed helical looping. Step 1 is already established. Step 3 is elucidated by our study, which highlights the need for step 2 to be clarified; namely, we explore how the left-right asymmetry in the embryonic body leads to the rightward displacement of the heart tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Honda
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chūō-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratories for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chūō-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Laboratories for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chūō-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Laboratories for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chūō-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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43
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Yang X, Hu B, Liao J, Qiao Y, Chen Y, Qian Y, Feng S, Yu F, Dong J, Hou Y, Xu H, Wang R, Peng G, Li J, Tang F, Jing N. Distinct enhancer signatures in the mouse gastrula delineate progressive cell fate continuum during embryo development. Cell Res 2019; 29:911-926. [PMID: 31591447 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary germ layers have the potential to form all tissues in the mature organism, and their formation during gastrulation requires precise epigenetic modulation of both proximal and distal regulatory elements. Previous studies indicated that spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression in the gastrula predispose individual regions to distinct cell fates. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we profile the spatiotemporal landscape of the epigenome and transcriptome of the mouse gastrula. We reveal the asynchronous dynamics of proximal chromatin states during germ layer formation as well as unique gastrula-specific epigenomic features of regulatory elements, which have strong usage turnover dynamics and clear germ layer-specific signatures. Importantly, we also find that enhancers around organogenetic genes, which are weakly expressed at the gastrulation stage, are frequently pre-marked by histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) in the gastrula. By using the transgenic mice and genome editing system, we demonstrate that a pre-marked enhancer, which is located in the intron of a brain-specific gene 2510009E07Rik, exhibits specific enhancer activity in the ectoderm and future brain tissue, and also executes important function during mouse neural differentiation. Taken together, our study provides the comprehensive epigenetic information for embryonic patterning during mouse gastrulation, demonstrates the importance of gastrula pre-marked enhancers in regulating the correct development of the mouse embryo, and thus broadens the current understanding of mammalian embryonic development and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqiang Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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44
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Leitolis A, Robert AW, Pereira IT, Correa A, Stimamiglio MA. Cardiomyogenesis Modeling Using Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Role of Microenvironmental Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31448277 PMCID: PMC6695570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can be used as a model to study cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vitro modeling can reproduce cardiac development through modulation of some key signaling pathways. Therefore, many studies make use of this strategy to better understand cardiomyogenesis complexity and to determine possible ways to modulate cell fate. However, challenges remain regarding efficiency of differentiation protocols, cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation and therapeutic applications. Considering that the extracellular milieu is crucial for cellular behavior control, cardiac niche studies, such as those identifying secreted molecules from adult or neonatal tissues, allow the identification of extracellular factors that may contribute to CM differentiation and maturation. This review will focus on cardiomyogenesis modeling using PSC and the elements involved in cardiac microenvironmental signaling (the secretome - extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix and soluble factors) that may contribute to CM specification and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leitolis
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anny W Robert
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Pereira
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Stimamiglio
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
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45
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Sebo ZL, Rodeheffer MS. Assembling the adipose organ: adipocyte lineage segregation and adipogenesis in vivo. Development 2019; 146:dev172098. [PMID: 30948523 PMCID: PMC6467474 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is composed of anatomically distinct depots that mediate several important aspects of energy homeostasis. The past two decades have witnessed increased research effort to elucidate the ontogenetic basis of adipose form and function. In this Review, we discuss advances in our understanding of adipose tissue development with particular emphasis on the embryonic patterning of depot-specific adipocyte lineages and adipocyte differentiation in vivo Micro-environmental cues and other factors that influence cell identity and cell behavior at various junctures in the adipocyte lineage hierarchy are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Sebo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8016, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8073, USA
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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46
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Cui M, Wang Z, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocytes in development, regeneration and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/24/dev171983. [PMID: 30573475 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic and postnatal life depend on the uninterrupted function of cardiac muscle cells. These cells, termed cardiomyocytes, display many fascinating behaviors, including complex morphogenic movements, interactions with other cell types of the heart, persistent contractility and quiescence after birth. Each of these behaviors depends on complex interactions between both cardiac-restricted and widely expressed transcription factors, as well as on epigenetic modifications. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic control of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation during heart development, regeneration and disease. We focus on those regulators that are required for both heart development and disease, and highlight the regenerative principles that might be manipulated to restore function to the injured adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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47
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Sebo ZL, Jeffery E, Holtrup B, Rodeheffer MS. A mesodermal fate map for adipose tissue. Development 2018; 145:dev166801. [PMID: 30045918 PMCID: PMC6141776 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic origin of distinct fat depots and the role for ontogeny in specifying the functional differences among adipocyte lineages between and within depots is unclear. Using a Cre/Lox-based strategy to track the fate of major mesodermal subcompartments in mice we present evidence that <50% of interscapular brown adipocytes are derived from progenitors of the central dermomyotome. Furthermore, we demonstrate that depot-specific adipocyte lineages spatially diverge as early as gastrulation, and that perigonadal adipocytes arise from separate mesodermal subcompartments in males and females. Last, we show adipocyte precursors (APs) of distinct lineages within the same depot exhibit indistinguishable responses to a high fat diet, indicating that ontogenetic differences between APs do not necessarily correspond to functional differences in this context. Altogether, these findings shed light on adipose tissue patterning and suggest that the behavior of adipocyte lineage cells is not strictly determined by developmental history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Sebo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Elise Jeffery
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA
| | - Brandon Holtrup
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8016, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8073, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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48
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Piquereau J, Ventura-Clapier R. Maturation of Cardiac Energy Metabolism During Perinatal Development. Front Physiol 2018; 9:959. [PMID: 30072919 PMCID: PMC6060230 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the highest energy consumer organ in mammals, the heart has to be provided with a high amount of energy as soon as its first beats in utero. During the development of this organ, energy is produced within the cardiac muscle cell depending on substrate availability, oxygen pressure and cardiac workload that drastically change at birth. Thus, energy metabolism relying essentially on carbohydrates in fetal heart is very different from the adult one and birth is the trigger of a profound maturation which ensures the transition to a highly oxidative metabolism depending on lipid utilization. To face the substantial increase in cardiac workload resulting from the growth of the organism during the postnatal period, the heart not only develops its capacity for energy production but also undergoes a hypertrophic growth to adapt its contractile capacity to its new function. This leads to a profound cytoarchitectural remodeling of the cardiomyocyte which becomes a highly compartmentalized structure. As a consequence, within the mature cardiac muscle, energy transfer between energy producing and consuming compartments requires organized energy transfer systems that are established in the early postnatal life. This review aims at describing the major rearrangements of energy metabolism during the perinatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Piquereau
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Renée Ventura-Clapier
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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49
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Marcu R, Choi YJ, Xue J, Fortin CL, Wang Y, Nagao RJ, Xu J, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Murry CE, Muczynski K, Stevens KR, Himmelfarb J, Schwartz SM, Zheng Y. Human Organ-Specific Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity. iScience 2018; 4:20-35. [PMID: 30240741 PMCID: PMC6147238 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium first forms in the blood islands in the extra-embryonic yolk sac and then throughout the embryo to establish circulatory networks that further acquire organ-specific properties during development to support diverse organ functions. Here, we investigated the properties of endothelial cells (ECs), isolated from four human major organs-the heart, lung, liver, and kidneys-in individual fetal tissues at three months' gestation, at gene expression, and at cellular function levels. We showed that organ-specific ECs have distinct expression patterns of gene clusters, which support their specific organ development and functions. These ECs displayed distinct barrier properties, angiogenic potential, and metabolic rate and support specific organ functions. Our findings showed the link between human EC heterogeneity and organ development and can be exploited therapeutically to contribute in organ regeneration, disease modeling, as well as guiding differentiation of tissue-specific ECs from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Marcu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Fortin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kelly R Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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50
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Zhang J, Wang G, Liu J, Gao L, Liu M, Wang C, Chuai M, Bao Y, Li G, Li R, Zhang Y, Yang X. Gut microbiota‐derived endotoxin enhanced the incidence of cardia bifida during cardiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9271-9283. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Liu
- The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lin‐rui Gao
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Liu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chao‐jie Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNorfolkUK
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Rui‐man Li
- The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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