1
|
Wang L, Okugawa M, Konishi H, Liu Y, Koizumi Y, Nakano T. Fusion of Ni Plating on CP-Titanium by Electron Beam Single-Track Scanning: Toward a New Approach for Fabricating TiNi Self-Healing Shape Memory Coating. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5449. [PMID: 37570152 PMCID: PMC10419621 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The limited wear resistance of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) hinders its use in abrasive and erosive environments, despite its good strength-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. This paper reports the first study proposing a novel method for wear-resistant TiNi coating through Ni plating and electron beam (EB) irradiation in an in situ synthetic approach. Single-track melting experiments were conducted using the EB to investigate the feasibility of forming a TiNi phase by fusing the Ni plate with the CP-Ti substrate. Varying beam powers were employed at a fixed scanning speed to determine the optimal conditions for TiNi phase formation. The concentration of the melt region was found to be approximate as estimated from the ratio of the Ni-plate thickness to the depth of the melt region, and the region with Ni-48.7 at.% Ti was successfully formed by EB irradiation. The study suggests that the mixing of Ti atoms and Ni atoms was facilitated by fluid flow induced by Marangoni and thermal convections. It is proposed that a more uniform TiNi layer can be achieved through multi-track melting under appropriate conditions. This research demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing EB additive manufacturing as a coating method and the potential for developing TiNi coatings with shape memory effects and pseudoelasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (L.W.); (H.K.); (Y.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Masayuki Okugawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (L.W.); (H.K.); (Y.L.); (T.N.)
- Anisotropic Design & Additive Manufacturing Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Konishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (L.W.); (H.K.); (Y.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (L.W.); (H.K.); (Y.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Yuichiro Koizumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (L.W.); (H.K.); (Y.L.); (T.N.)
- Anisotropic Design & Additive Manufacturing Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (L.W.); (H.K.); (Y.L.); (T.N.)
- Anisotropic Design & Additive Manufacturing Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Optimisation of parameters of complete nickel electrodeposition from acidic aqueous electrolytic baths prepared by dissolution of metal powder. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
3
|
Lin Q, Zangari G. The evolution of composition and morphology during the initial growth of electrodeposited Ni-Fe films: Comparison between the potentiostatic mode and the pulse-reverse potential mode. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Electrodeposition of Ni–Fe alloy from a choline chloride-containing ionic liquid. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Louie C, Morrison E, Thomas ML, Arrigo L, Seiner B. Measurement of distribution coefficients on TODGA resin and development of a group separation for mixed activation and fission product samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Altimari P, Schiavi PG, Rubino A, Pagnanelli F. Electrodeposition of cobalt nanoparticles: An analysis of the mechanisms behind the deviation from three-dimensional diffusion-control. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Oulmas C, Mameri S, Boughrara D, Kadri A, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z, Benfedda B. Comparative study of Cu-Zn coatings electrodeposited from sulphate and chloride baths. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02058. [PMID: 31372535 PMCID: PMC6656965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effect of the nature of the salt anion (chloride and sulphate) in the Cu–Zn citrate bath was investigated, using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). Experimental electrodeposition parameters (switching potential and imposed potential) were varied in order to examine their influence on the deposits. The coating microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), the coating phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the surface composition was assessed by XPS. Higher current efficiency was obtained in chloride baths compared to sulphate baths and best deposits were obtained at −1.4Vvs.(Ag/AgCl/KCl) compared to −1.2 and −1.5Vvs.(Ag/AgCl/KCl). Corrosion test results in 0.5 M NaCl solution show that Cu–Zn deposit produced from chloride bath exhibited the highest corrosion resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Oulmas
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université Mouloud MAMMERI de Tizi-Ouzou, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou, 15000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Surfaces, Université de Namur, 61, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - S. Mameri
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université Mouloud MAMMERI de Tizi-Ouzou, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou, 15000, Algeria
| | - D. Boughrara
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université Mouloud MAMMERI de Tizi-Ouzou, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou, 15000, Algeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - A. Kadri
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université Mouloud MAMMERI de Tizi-Ouzou, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou, 15000, Algeria
| | - J. Delhalle
- Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Surfaces, Université de Namur, 61, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Z. Mekhalif
- Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Surfaces, Université de Namur, 61, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - B. Benfedda
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université Mouloud MAMMERI de Tizi-Ouzou, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou, 15000, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Braun TM, Schwartz DT. Exploring the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Relationship of Charge Transfer Reactions Used in Localized Electrodeposition and Patterning in a Scanning Bipolar Cell. Front Chem 2019; 7:340. [PMID: 31157210 PMCID: PMC6530335 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry involves spatial separation of charge balanced reduction and oxidation reactions on an electrically floating electrode, a result of intricate coupling of the work piece with the ohmic drop in the electrochemical cell and to the thermodynamics and kinetics of the respective bipolar reactions. When paired with a rastering microjet electrode, in a scanning bipolar cell (SBC), local electrodeposition and patterning of metals beneath the microjet can be realized without direct electrical connections to the workpiece. Here, we expand on prior research detailing electrolyte design guidelines for electrodeposition and patterning with the SBC, focusing on the relationship between kinetics and thermodynamics of the respective bipolar reactions. The kinetic reversibility or irreversibility of the desired deposition reaction influences the range of possible effective bipolar counter reactions. For kinetically irreversible deposition systems (i.e., nickel), a wider thermodynamic window is available for selection of the counter reaction. For kinetically reversible systems (i.e., copper or silver) that can be easily etched, tight thermodynamic windows with a small downhill driving force for spontaneous reduction are required to prevent metal patterns from electrochemical dissolution. Furthermore, additives used for the bipolar counter reaction can influence not only the kinetics of deposition, but also the morphology and microstructure of the deposit. Cyclic voltammetry measurements help elucidate secondary parasitic reduction reactions occurring during bipolar nickel deposition and describe the thermodynamic relationship of both irreversible and reversible bipolar couples. Finally, finite element method simulations explore the influence of bipolar electrode area on current efficiency and connect experimental observations of pattern etching to thermodynamic and kinetic relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Braun
- Functional Nanostructured Materials Group, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.,Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel T Schwartz
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Wang Z, Yan Y, Su Y, Qiao L. Effects of stirring action during friction on electrode processes of AISI 304 stainless steel in sulphuric acid. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Critelli RA, Sumodjo PT, Bertotti M, Torresi RM. Influence of glycine on Co electrodeposition: IR spectroscopy and near-surface pH investigations. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Ritzert NL, Moffat TP. Ultramicroelectrode Studies of Self-Terminated Nickel Electrodeposition and Nickel Hydroxide Formation upon Water Reduction. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:27478-27489. [PMID: 28217241 PMCID: PMC5312800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between electrodeposition of Ni and electrolyte breakdown, namely the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via H3O+ and H2O reduction, was investigated under well-defined mass transport conditions using ultramicroelectrodes (UME's) coupled with optical imaging, generation/collection scanning electrochemical microscopy (G/C-SECM), and preliminary microscale pH measurements. For 5 mmol/L NiCl2 + 0.1 mol/L NaCl, pH 3.0, electrolytes, the voltammetric current at modest overpotentials, i.e., between -0.6 V and -1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl, was distributed between metal deposition and H3O+ reduction, with both reactions reaching mass transport limited current values. At more negative potentials, an unusual sharp current spike appeared upon the onset of H2O reduction that was accompanied by a transient increase in H2 production. The peak potential of the current spike was a function of both [Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) concentration and pH. The sharp rise in current was ascribed to the onset of autocatalytic H2O reduction, where electrochemically generated OH- species induce heterogeneous nucleation of Ni(OH)2(ads) islands, the perimeter of which is reportedly active for H2O reduction. As the layer coalesces, further metal deposition is quenched while H2O reduction continues albeit at a decreased rate as fewer of the most reactive sites, e.g., Ni/Ni(OH)2 island edges, are available. At potentials below -1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl, H2O reduction is accelerated, leading to homogeneous precipitation of bulk Ni(OH)2·xH2O within the nearly hemispherical diffusion layer of the UME.
Collapse
|
13
|
Almazán-Ruiz F, Caballero F, Cruz-Díaz M, Rivero E, Vazquez-Arenas J, González I. Nickel recovery from an electroplating rinsing effluent using RCE bench scale and RCE pilot plant reactors: The influence of pH control. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Protsenko VS, Vasil’eva EA, Smenova IV, Baskevich AS, Danilenko IA, Konstantinova TE, Danilov FI. Electrodeposition of Fe and composite Fe/ZrO2 coatings from a methanesulfonate bath. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375515010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Altamirano-Garcia L, Vazquez-Arenas J, Pritzker M, Luna-Sánchez R, Cabrera-Sierra R. Effects of saccharin and anions (SO4 2−, Cl−) on the electrodeposition of Co–Ni alloys. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Danilov FI, Sknar IV, Sknar YE. Electroplating of Ni-Fe alloys from methanesulfonate electrolytes. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193514030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Vanpaemel J, Sugiura M, Cuypers D, van der Veen MH, De Gendt S, Vereecken PM. Electrochemical deposition of subnanometer Ni films on TiN. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2047-2053. [PMID: 24520857 DOI: 10.1021/la404852m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we show the electrochemical deposition of a subnanometer film of nickel (Ni) on top of titanium nitride (TiN). We exploit the concept of cluster growth inhibition to enhance the nucleation of new nuclei on the TiN substrate. By deliberately using an unbuffered electrolyte solution, the degree of nucleation is enhanced as growth is inhibited more strongly. This results in a very high particle density and therefore an ultralow coalescence thickness. To prevent the termination of Ni deposition that typically occurs in unbuffered solutions, the concentration of Ni(2+) in solution was increased. We have verified with RBS and ICP-MS that the deposition of Ni on the surface in this case did not terminate. Furthermore, annealing experiments were used to visualize the closed nature of the Ni film. The closure of the deposited film was also confirmed by TOF-SIMS measurements and occurs when the film thickness is still in the subnanometer regime. The ultrathin Ni film was found to be an excellent catalyst for carbon nanotube growth on conductive substrates and can also be applied as a seed layer for bulk deposition of a smooth Ni film on TiN.
Collapse
|
18
|
Robotin B, Ispas A, Coman V, Bund A, Ilea P. Nickel recovery from electronic waste II electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-Fe alloys from diluted sulfate solutions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:2381-2389. [PMID: 23809618 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-Fe alloys from synthetic solutions similar to those obtained by the dissolution of electron gun (an electrical component of cathode ray tubes) waste. The influence of various parameters (pH, electrolyte composition, Ni(2+)/Fe(2+) ratio, current density) on the electrodeposition process was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRFA) were used to provide information about the obtained deposits' thickness, morphology, and elemental composition. By controlling the experimental parameters, the composition of the Ni-Fe alloys can be tailored towards specific applications. Complementarily, the differences in the nucleation mechanisms for Ni, Fe and Ni-Fe deposition from sulfate solutions have been evaluated and discussed using cyclic voltammetry and potential step chronoamperometry. The obtained results suggest a progressive nucleation mechanism for Ni, while for Fe and Ni-Fe, the obtained data points are best fitted to an instantaneous nucleation model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Robotin
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vanpaemel J, van der Veen MH, De Gendt S, Vereecken PM. Enhanced nucleation of Ni nanoparticles on TiN through H3BO3-mediated growth inhibition. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Arce MD, Bonazza HL, Fernández JL. Kinetic analysis of the hydrogen electrode reaction in unbuffered media. Theory and studies on Pt microelectrodes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Neuróhr K, Csik A, Vad K, Molnár G, Bakonyi I, Péter L. Near-substrate composition depth profile of direct current-plated and pulse-plated Fe–Ni alloys. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Hankin A, Kelsall GH. Electrochemical recovery of nickel from nickel sulfamate plating effluents. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-012-0447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Relationship of Fe2+ concentration in solution and current efficiency in electrodeposition of CoFe films. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Vazquez-Arenas J, Pritzker M. Comprehensive impedance model of cobalt deposition in sulfate solutions accounting for homogeneous reactions and adsorptive effects. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Vazquez-Arenas J, Pritzker M. Transient and steady-state model of cobalt deposition in borate-sulfate solutions. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Rezaei M, Ghorbani M, Dolati A. Electrochemical investigation of electrodeposited Fe–Pd alloy thin films. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Preparation and characterization of nickel targets for cyclotron production of 64Cu. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Different electrochemical regimes and porous alumina were applied for template synthesis of cobalt nanowire (nw) arrays, revealing several peculiar cases. In contrast to quite uniform filling of sulfuric acid alumina templates by alternating current deposition, nonuniform growth of the Conwtufts and mushrooms was obtained for the case of oxalic acid templates. We showed herein for the first time that such configurations arise from the spontaneous growth of cobaltnwgroups evolving from the cobalt balls at the Al/alumina interface. Nevertheless, the uniform growth of densely packed cobaltnwarrays, up to tens of micrometers in length, was obtained via long-term direct current galvanostatic deposition at low current density using oxalic acid templates one-side coated by conducting layer. The unique point of this regime is the formation of hexagonal lattice Conwswith a preferred (100) growth direction.
Collapse
|
31
|
Effects of SiC and Al2O3 particles on the electrodeposition of Zn, Co and ZnCo. I. Electrodeposition in the absence of SiC and Al2O3. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
Voltammetric and morphological characterization of zinc electrodeposition from acid electrolytes containing boric–polyalcohol complexes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
33
|
Fricoteaux P, Rousse C. Influence of substrate, pH and magnetic field onto composition and current efficiency of electrodeposited Ni–Fe alloys. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
34
|
Santos J, Matos R, Trivinho-Strixino F, Pereira E. Effect of temperature on Co electrodeposition in the presence of boric acid. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
Kongstein OE, Haarberg GM, Thonstad J. Current efficiency and kinetics of cobalt electrodeposition in acid chloride solutions. Part II: the influence of chloride and sulphate concentrations. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-007-9298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
36
|
Ispas A, Matsushima H, Plieth W, Bund A. Influence of a magnetic field on the electrodeposition of nickel–iron alloys. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
37
|
Pirogov B, Zelinsky A. Voltammetric currents of the reduction of hydrogen ions from monoprotic acids. The effect of water dissociation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
38
|
|