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Adlere I, Caspar B, Arimont M, Dekkers S, Visser K, Stuijt J, de Graaf C, Stocks M, Kellam B, Briddon S, Wijtmans M, de Esch I, Hill S, Leurs R. Modulators of CXCR4 and CXCR7/ACKR3 Function. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:737-752. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Jin J, Krishnamachary B, Barnett JD, Chatterjee S, Chang D, Mironchik Y, Wildes F, Jaffee EM, Nimmagadda S, Bhujwalla ZM. Human Cancer Cell Membrane-Coated Biomimetic Nanoparticles Reduce Fibroblast-Mediated Invasion and Metastasis and Induce T-Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7850-7861. [PMID: 30707559 PMCID: PMC6628902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) combine the flexibility and reproducibility of synthetic materials with the functionality of biological materials. Here, we developed and characterized biomimetic poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs coated with human cancer cell membrane fractions (CCMFs) to form CCMF-coated PLGA (CCMF-PLGA) NPs. We evaluated the ability of these CCMF-PLGA NPs to disrupt cancer cell-stromal cell interactions and to induce an immune response. Western blot analysis verified the plasma membrane purity of CCMFs. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of intact membrane-associated proteins including CXCR4 and CD44 following membrane derivation and coating. CCMFs and CCMF-PLGA NPs were capable of inhibiting cancer cell migration toward human mammary fibroblasts. Intravenous injection of CCMF-PLGA NPs significantly reduced experimental metastasis in vivo. Following immunization of Balb/c mice, near-infrared fluorescence imaging confirmed the migration of NPs to proximal draining lymph nodes (LNs). A higher percentage of CD8+ and CD4+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte populations was observed in spleens and LNs of CCMF-PLGA NP-immunized mice. Splenocytes isolated from CCMF-PLGA NP-immunized mice had the highest number of interferon gamma-producing T-cells as detected by the ELISpot assay. CCMF-PLGA NPs hold promise for disrupting cancer cell-stromal cell interactions and for priming the immune system in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Jin
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: (ZMB); (JJ)
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James D. Barnett
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samit Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Di Chang
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: (ZMB); (JJ)
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Endogenous Membrane Receptor Labeling by Reactive Cytokines and Growth Factors to Chase Their Dynamics in Live Cells. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ligand-Dependent Modulation of G Protein Conformation Alters Drug Efficacy. Cell 2016; 167:739-749.e11. [PMID: 27720449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, mediated by hetero-trimeric G proteins, can be differentially controlled by agonists. At a molecular level, this is thought to occur principally via stabilization of distinct receptor conformations by individual ligands. These distinct conformations control subsequent recruitment of transducer and effector proteins. Here, we report that ligand efficacy at the calcitonin GPCR (CTR) is also correlated with ligand-dependent alterations to G protein conformation. We observe ligand-dependent differences in the sensitivity of the G protein ternary complex to disruption by GTP, due to conformational differences in the receptor-bound G protein hetero-trimer. This results in divergent agonist-dependent receptor-residency times for the hetero-trimeric G protein and different accumulation rates for downstream second messengers. This study demonstrates that factors influencing efficacy extend beyond receptor conformation(s) and expands understanding of the molecular basis for how G proteins control/influence efficacy. This has important implications for the mechanisms that underlie ligand-mediated biased agonism. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Levoye A, Zwier JM, Jaracz-Ros A, Klipfel L, Cottet M, Maurel D, Bdioui S, Balabanian K, Prézeau L, Trinquet E, Durroux T, Bachelerie F. A Broad G Protein-Coupled Receptor Internalization Assay that Combines SNAP-Tag Labeling, Diffusion-Enhanced Resonance Energy Transfer, and a Highly Emissive Terbium Cryptate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:167. [PMID: 26617570 PMCID: PMC4638144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) internalization has long been considered as a major aspect of the desensitization process that tunes ligand responsiveness, internalization is also involved in receptor resensitization and signaling, as well as the ligand scavenging function of some atypical receptors. Internalization thus contributes to the diversity of GPCR-dependent signaling, and its dynamics and quantification in living cells has generated considerable interest. We developed a robust and sensitive assay to follow and quantify ligand-induced and constitutive-induced GPCR internalization but also receptor recycling in living cells. This assay is based on diffusion-enhanced resonance energy transfer (DERET) between cell surface GPCRs labeled with a luminescent terbium cryptate donor and a fluorescein acceptor present in the culture medium. GPCR internalization results in a quantifiable reduction of energy transfer. This method yields a high signal-to-noise ratio due to time-resolved measurements. For various GPCRs belonging to different classes, we demonstrated that constitutive and ligand-induced internalization could be monitored as a function of time and ligand concentration, thus allowing accurate quantitative determination of kinetics of receptor internalization but also half-maximal effective or inhibitory concentrations of compounds. In addition to its selectivity and sensitivity, we provided evidence that DERET-based internalization assay is particularly suitable for characterizing biased ligands. Furthermore, the determination of a Z'-factor value of 0.45 indicates the quality and suitability of DERET-based internalization assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) of compounds that may modulate GPCRs internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Levoye
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Angélique Levoye,
| | | | - Agnieszka Jaracz-Ros
- INSERM UMR996, Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Laurence Klipfel
- INSERM UMR996, Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Martin Cottet
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Montpellier 1 & 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Maurel
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Montpellier 1 & 2, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Karl Balabanian
- INSERM UMR996, Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Montpellier 1 & 2, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thierry Durroux
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Montpellier 1 & 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- INSERM UMR996, Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Kuhne MR, Mulvey T, Belanger B, Chen S, Pan C, Chong C, Cao F, Niekro W, Kempe T, Henning KA, Cohen LJ, Korman AJ, Cardarelli PM. BMS-936564/MDX-1338: a fully human anti-CXCR4 antibody induces apoptosis in vitro and shows antitumor activity in vivo in hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:357-66. [PMID: 23213054 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CXCR4 has been identified as a prognostic marker for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. We describe the development and characterization of a fully human antibody to CXCR4 and its application for therapy of AML, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human transgenic mice were immunized with CXCR4-expressing cells, and antibodies reactive with CXCR4 were analyzed for apoptosis induction and ability to interfere with CXCL12-induced migration and calcium flux. In vivo efficacy was determined in multiple AML, NHL, and multiple myeloma xenograft tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice. RESULTS BMS-936564/MDX-1338 is a fully human IgG(4) monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes human CXCR4. In vitro studies show that MDX-1338 binds to CXCR4-expressing cells with low nanomolar affinity, blocks CXCL12 binding to CXCR4-expressing cells, and inhibits CXCL12-induced migration and calcium flux with low nanomolar EC(50) values. When given as monotherapy, MDX-1338 exhibits antitumor activity in established tumors including AML, NHL, and multiple myeloma xenograft models. In addition, we show that MDX-1338 induced apoptosis on a panel of cell lines and propose that antibody-induced apoptosis is one of the mechanisms of tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS BMS-936564/MDX-1338 is a potent CXCR4 antagonist which is efficacious as monotherapy in tumor-bearing mice and is currently in phase I for the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML, NHL, CLL, and multiple myeloma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL12/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Ligands
- Mice
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Kuhne
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, BDC, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatment with the CXC chemokine receptor 4 agonist ubiquitin results in beneficial effects in a polytrauma model consisting of bilateral femur fractures plus blunt chest trauma (Injury Severity Score 18-25). DESIGN Treatment study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Seventeen Yorkshire pigs. INTERVENTIONS Intravenous injection of 1.5 mg/kg ubiquitin or albumin (control) at 60 mins after polytrauma. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs underwent polytrauma, followed by a simulated 60-min shock phase. At the end of the shock phase, ubiquitin or albumin were administered and animals were resuscitated to a mean arterial blood pressure of 70 mm Hg until t=420 mins. After intravenous ubiquitin, ubiquitin plasma concentrations increased 16-fold to 2870±1015 ng/mL at t=90 mins and decreased with t1/2=60 mins. Endogenous plasma ubiquitin increased two-fold in the albumin group with peak levels of 359±210 ng/mL. Plasma levels of the cognate CXC chemokine receptor 4 ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1α were unchanged in both groups. Ubiquitin treatment reduced arterial lactate levels and prevented a continuous decrease in arterial oxygenation, which occurred in the albumin group during resuscitation. Wet weight to dry weight ratios of the lung contralateral from the injury, heart, spleen and jejunum were lower with ubiquitin. With ubiquitin treatment, tissue levels of Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor α, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α were reduced in the injured lung and of Interleukin-8 in the contralateral lung, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Administration of exogenous ubiquitin modulates the local inflammatory response, improves resuscitation, reduces fluid shifts into tissues, and preserves arterial oxygenation after blunt polytrauma with lung injury. This study further supports the notion that ubiquitin is a promising protein therapeutic and implies CXC chemokine receptor 4 as a drug target after polytrauma.
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Weiner C, Smirnova N, Webb B, Van Campen H, Hansen T. Interferon stimulated genes, CXCR4 and immune cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1081-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bach HH, Saini V, Baker TA, Tripathi A, Gamelli RL, Majetschak M. Initial assessment of the role of CXC chemokine receptor 4 after polytrauma. Mol Med 2012; 18:1056-66. [PMID: 22634721 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4 agonists have been shown to attenuate inflammation and organ injury in various disease models, including trauma/hemorrhage. The pathophysiological role of CXCR4 during the early response to tissue injury, however, remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AMD3100, a drug that antagonizes binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α and ubiquitin to CXCR4 during the initial response to polytrauma in pigs. Fifteen minutes before polytrauma (femur fractures/lung contusion; control: sham), 350 nmol/kg AMD3100, equimolar AMD3100 and ubiquitin (350 nmol/kg each) or vehicle were administered intravenously. After a 60-min shock period, fluid resuscitation was performed for 360 min. Ubiquitin binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly reduced after intravenous AMD3100. SDF-1α plasma levels increased transiently >10-fold with AMD3100 in all animals. In injured animals, AMD3100 increased fluid requirements to maintain hemodynamics and enhanced increases in peripheral blood granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes, compared with its effects in uninjured animals. Cytokine release from leukocytes in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 activation was increased after in vitro AMD3100 treatment of normal whole blood and after in vivo AMD3100 administration in animals subjected to polytrauma. Coadministration of AMD3100/ubiquitin reduced lactate levels, prevented AMD3100-induced increases in fluid requirements and sensitization of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 release upon TLR-2/4 activation, but did not attenuate increases in leukocyte counts and SDF-1α plasma levels. Our findings suggest that CXCR4 controls leukocyte mobilization after trauma, regulates leukocyte reactivity toward inflammatory stimuli and mediates protective effects during the early phase of trauma-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold H Bach
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
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Saini V, Staren DM, Ziarek JJ, Nashaat ZN, Campbell EM, Volkman BF, Marchese A, Majetschak M. The CXC chemokine receptor 4 ligands ubiquitin and stromal cell-derived factor-1α function through distinct receptor interactions. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:33466-77. [PMID: 21757744 PMCID: PMC3190899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.233742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified extracellular ubiquitin as an endogenous CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 agonist. However, the receptor selectivity and molecular basis of the CXCR4 agonist activity of ubiquitin are unknown, and functional consequences of CXCR4 activation with ubiquitin are poorly defined. Here, we provide evidence that ubiquitin and the cognate CXCR4 ligand stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α do not share CXCR7 as a receptor. We further demonstrate that ubiquitin does not utilize the typical two-site binding mechanism of chemokine-receptor interactions, in which the receptor N terminus is important for ligand binding. CXCR4 activation with ubiquitin and SDF-1α lead to similar Gα(i)-responses and to a comparable magnitude of phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase-l and Akt, although phosphorylations occur more transiently after activation with ubiquitin. Despite the similarity of signal transduction events after activation of CXCR4 with both ligands, ubiquitin possesses weaker chemotactic activity than SDF-lα in cell migration assays and does not interfere with productive entry of HIV-1 into P4.R5 multinuclear activation of galactosidase indicator cells. Unlike SDF-1α, ubiquitin lacks interactions with an N-terminal CXCR4 peptide in NMR spectroscopy experiments. Binding and signaling studies in the presence of antibodies against the N terminus and extracellular loops 2/3 of CXCR4 confirm that the ubiquitin CXCR4 interaction is independent of the N-terminal receptor domain, whereas blockade of extracellular loops 2/3 prevents receptor binding and activation. Our findings define ubiquitin as a CXCR4 agonist, which does not interfere with productive cellular entry of HIV-1, and provide new mechanistic insights into interactions between CXCR4 and its natural ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Saini
- From the Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, and
| | - Daniel M. Staren
- From the Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, and
| | - Joshua J. Ziarek
- the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | | | | | - Brian F. Volkman
- the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 and
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- From the Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, and
- Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 and
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Vega B, Muñoz LM, Holgado BL, Lucas P, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Calle A, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Lechuga LM, Rodríguez JF, Gutiérrez-Gallego R, Mellado M. Technical advance: Surface plasmon resonance-based analysis of CXCL12 binding using immobilized lentiviral particles. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:399-408. [PMID: 21593136 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1010565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of SPR-based biosensors is an established method for measuring molecular interactions. Their application to the study of GPCRs is nonetheless limited to detergent-solubilized receptors that can then be reconstituted into a lipid environment. Using the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its specific ligand CXCL12, we outline here a highly reproducible biosensor method based on receptor presentation on the surface of lentiviral particles; the approach is simple and does not require the use of antibodies to achieve correct receptor orientation on the sensorchip surface. We measured the kinetic parameters of CXCR4/CXCL12 binding in a single step and in real time and evaluated the effect of GAG presentation of chemokines on this interaction. The data indicate that at low concentrations, soluble heparin modulates CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction and at high concentrations, abrogates binding. These observations suggest that in addition to their known role in modulating local chemokine availability, GAG affect the receptor/ligand interaction, although their influence on affinity parameters is very limited. The method will also be useful for quantifying these biomarkers in biological fluids and for the development of high-throughput screening for their antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vega
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zwier JM, Roux T, Cottet M, Durroux T, Douzon S, Bdioui S, Gregor N, Bourrier E, Oueslati N, Nicolas L, Tinel N, Boisseau C, Yverneau P, Charrier-Savournin F, Fink M, Trinquet E. A fluorescent ligand-binding alternative using Tag-lite® technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:1248-59. [PMID: 20974902 DOI: 10.1177/1087057110384611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial cell surface receptors that transmit signals from a wide range of extracellular ligands. Indeed, 40% to 50% of all marketed drugs are thought to modulate GPCR activity, making them the major class of targets in the drug discovery process. Binding assays are widely used to identify high-affinity, selective, and potent GPCR drugs. In this field, the use of radiolabeled ligands has remained so far the gold-standard method. Here the authors report a less hazardous alternative for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications by the setup of a nonradioactive fluorescence-based technology named Tag-lite(®). Selective binding of various fluorescent ligands, either peptidic or not, covering a large panel of GPCRs from different classes is illustrated, particularly for chemokine (CXCR4), opioid (δ, µ, and κ), and cholecystokinin (CCK1 and CCK2) receptors. Affinity constants of well-known pharmacological agents of numerous GPCRs are in line with values published in the literature. The authors clearly demonstrate that the Tag-lite binding assay format can be successfully and reproducibly applied by using different cellular materials such as transient or stable recombinant cells lines expressing SNAP-tagged GPCR. Such fluorescent-based binding assays can be performed with adherent cells or cells in suspension, in 96- or 384-well plates. Altogether, this new technology offers great advantages in terms of flexibility, rapidity, and user-friendliness; allows easy miniaturization; and makes it completely suitable for HTS applications.
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Majetschak M. Extracellular ubiquitin: immune modulator and endogenous opponent of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:205-19. [PMID: 20689098 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0510316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a post-translational protein modifier and plays essential roles in all aspects of biology. Although the discovery of ubiquitin introduced this highly conserved protein as a molecule with extracellular actions, the identification of ubiquitin as the ATP-dependent proteolysis factor 1 has focused subsequent research on its important intracellular functions. Little attention has since been paid to its role outside of the cell. During recent years, multiple observations suggest that extracellular ubiquitin can modulate immune responses and that exogenous ubiquitin has therapeutic potential to attenuate exuberant inflammation and organ injury. These observations have not been integrated into a comprehensive assessment of its possible role as an endogenous immune modulator. This review recapitulates the current knowledge about extracellular ubiquitin and discusses an emerging facet of its role in biology during infectious and noninfectious inflammation. The synopsis of these data along with the recent identification of ubiquitin as a CXCR4 agonist suggest that extracellular ubiquitin may have pleiotropic roles in the immune system and functions as an endogenous opponent of DAMPs. Functions of extracellular ubiquitin could constitute an evolutionary conserved control mechanism aimed to balance the immune response and prevent exuberant inflammation. Further characterization of its mechanism of action and cellular signaling pathways is expected to provide novel insights into the regulation of the innate immune response and opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Majetschak
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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15
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Saini V, Marchese A, Majetschak M. CXC chemokine receptor 4 is a cell surface receptor for extracellular ubiquitin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15566-15576. [PMID: 20228059 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is one of the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes and plays major biological roles as a post-translational protein modifier. Ubiquitin is also a natural constituent of plasma, and several lines of evidence suggest that extracellular ubiquitin is an immune modulator with anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, ubiquitin treatment has been shown to limit inflammation and reduce organ injury in various disease models and species in vivo. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here we show that extracellular ubiquitin is a natural CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4 and CD184) agonist. Extracellular ubiquitin promotes intracellular Ca(2+) flux and reduces cAMP levels through a G protein-coupled receptor that signals via a Galpha(i/o) protein in THP1 cells. Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation reduces ubiquitin-binding sites, which enabled identification of four Galpha(i/o) PCRs as ubiquitin receptor candidates. Overexpression of candidate genes in HEK293 cells, gene silencing in THP1 cells, competition binding, and signaling studies with the CXCR4 agonist stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12) and inhibitor AMD3100 identify CXCR4 as a functional ubiquitin receptor. Our finding uncovers a fundamentally new aspect of the role of ubiquitin in biology, has implications for the understanding of CXCR4-mediated events, and is expected to facilitate development of new therapeutic avenues for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Saini
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153; Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153.
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16
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Pello OM, Martínez-Muñoz L, Parrillas V, Serrano A, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Toro MJ, Lucas P, Monterrubio M, Martínez-A C, Mellado M. Ligand stabilization of CXCR4/delta-opioid receptor heterodimers reveals a mechanism for immune response regulation. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:537-49. [PMID: 18200497 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The CXCR4 chemokine receptor and the delta opioid receptor (DOR) are pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Both are widely distributed in brain tissues and immune cells, and have key roles in inflammation processes and in pain sensation on proximal nerve endings. We show that in immune cells expressing CXCR4 and DOR, simultaneous addition of their ligands CXCL12 and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin does not trigger receptor function. This treatment does not affect ligand binding or receptor expression, nor does it promote heterologous desensitization. Our data indicate that CXCR4 and DOR form heterodimeric complexes that are dynamically regulated by the ligands. This is compatible with a model in which GPCR oligomerization leads to suppression of signaling, promoting a dominant negative effect. Knockdown of CXCR4 and DOR signaling by heterodimerization might have repercussions on physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, pain sensation and HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Pello
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Driessen WHP, Fujii N, Tamamura H, Sullivan SM. Development of peptide-targeted lipoplexes to CXCR4-expressing rat glioma cells and rat proliferating endothelial cells. Mol Ther 2008; 16:516-24. [PMID: 18195720 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A peptide analog, 4-fluorobenzoyl-RR-(L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine)-CYEK-(L-citrulline)-PYR-(L-citrulline)-CR, covalently linked to a phospholipid, was used for targeting a lipid-based gene delivery vehicle to CXCR4(+)-cells. Characterization of transfection activity was done in vitro using a transformed rat glioma cell line (RG2) that expresses CXCR4. The substitution of the targeting lipid at increasing mole percentages in the place of helper lipids yielded a progressive increase in reporter gene expression, reaching a maximum of 2.5 times the control value at 20 mol% of ligand. The substitution of helper lipids with cysteine-derivatized phospholipid analog or phosphatidylethanolamine resulted in a progressive decrease in transfection activity, with complete inactivation of the complex occurring at 20 mol%. A DNA dose-response with 10 mol% of lipopeptide reduced the effective DNA dose at least fivefold with regard to the number of transfected cells and >20-fold with regard to the amount of gene expression. Gene transfer to rat endothelial cells was studied in the context of an arterial organ culture. Mesenteric arteries were cannulated and maintained in culture for up to 4 days. CXCR4 cell-surface expression on endothelial cells was induced after overnight incubation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Gene transfer studies showed that only the peptide-targeted lipoplexes transfected the endothelium, and only after CXCR4 had been induced with VEGF. These results demonstrate that non-viral transfection complexes can be targeted to cells expressing CXCR4, and that gene transfer is dependent upon cell surface receptor expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H P Driessen
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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18
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Navratilova I, Dioszegi M, Myszka DG. Analyzing ligand and small molecule binding activity of solubilized GPCRs using biosensor technology. Anal Biochem 2006; 355:132-9. [PMID: 16762304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We used Biacore technology to measure directly the binding of natural ligands and small molecules to the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5. Both G protein-coupled receptors were solubilized from whole cell pellets and captured on antibody surfaces for analysis. Our solubilization conditions maintained high-affinity binding of chemokines SDF-1alpha and RANTES to CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively. Surface density- and buffer-dependent binding responses, along with binding data for a selective ligand (RCP-168), further validated the biosensor assay. In addition, we showed that it is possible to collect high-quality binding responses for the archetypal small molecule inhibitors JM-2987 and TAK-779. Finally, using our biosensor-based method, we characterized the kinetics of 19 novel small molecule inhibitors of CCR5 and showed that their affinities correlated with values determined for the membrane-associated receptor. Together, the chemokine and small molecule binding data provide evidence that the solubilized receptors maintain native binding properties. These solubilized receptor preparations could be useful reagents for biophysical studies as well as for structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Navratilova
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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19
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Fricker SP, Anastassov V, Cox J, Darkes MC, Grujic O, Idzan SR, Labrecque J, Lau G, Mosi RM, Nelson KL, Qin L, Santucci Z, Wong RSY. Characterization of the molecular pharmacology of AMD3100: a specific antagonist of the G-protein coupled chemokine receptor, CXCR4. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:588-96. [PMID: 16815309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 05/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is widely expressed on different cell types, is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis, and is a co-receptor for HIV. AMD3100 has been shown to be a CXCR4 receptor antagonist, and to block HIV infection of T-tropic, X4-using, virus in vitro and in vivo. AMD3100 is an effective mobilizer of hematopoietic stem cells and is being investigated in clinical trials in multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma patients. Using the CCRF-CEM T-cell line that constitutively expresses CXCR4 we confirmed that AMD3100 was an antagonist of SDF-1/CXCL12 ligand binding (IC50=651+/-37 nM). We have also shown that AMD3100 inhibits SDF-1 mediated GTP-binding (IC50=27+/-2.2 nM), SDF-1 mediated calcium flux (IC50=572+/-190 nM), and SDF-1 stimulated chemotaxis (IC50=51+/-17 nM). AMD3100 did not inhibit calcium flux against cells expressing CXCR3, CCR1, CCR2b, CCR4, CCR5 or CCR7 when stimulated with their cognate ligands, nor did it inhibit receptor binding of LTB4. AMD3100 did not, on its own, induce a calcium flux in the CCRF-CEM cells, which express multiple GPCRs including CXCR4, CCR4 and CCR7. Furthermore, AMD3100 neither stimulated GTP-binding, an assay for GPCR activation, in CEM cell membranes; nor chemotaxis of CCRF-CEM cells. These data therefore demonstrate that AMD3100 is a specific antagonist of CXCR4, is not cross-reactive with other chemokine receptors, and is not an agonist of CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Fricker
- AnorMED Inc., #200 20353 64th Avenue, Langley, BC V2Y 1N5, Canada.
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20
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Percherancier Y, Berchiche YA, Slight I, Volkmer-Engert R, Tamamura H, Fujii N, Bouvier M, Heveker N. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer reveals ligand-induced conformational changes in CXCR4 homo- and heterodimers. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:9895-903. [PMID: 15632118 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo- and heterodimerization have emerged as prominent features of G-protein-coupled receptors with possible impact on the regulation of their activity. Using a sensitive bioluminescence resonance energy transfer system, we investigated the formation of CXCR4 and CCR2 chemokine receptor dimers. We found that both receptors exist as constitutive homo- and heterodimers and that ligands induce conformational changes within the pre-formed dimers without promoting receptor dimer formation or disassembly. Ligands with different intrinsic efficacies yielded distinct bioluminescence resonance energy transfer modulations, indicating the stabilization of distinct receptor conformations. We also found that peptides derived from the transmembrane domains of CXCR4 inhibited activation of this receptor by blocking the ligand-induced conformational transitions of the dimer. Taken together, our data support a model in which chemokine receptor homo- and heterodimers form spontaneously and respond to ligand binding as units that undergo conformational changes involving both protomers even when only one of the two ligand binding sites is occupied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Percherancier
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québéc, Canada
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21
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Marchese A, Benovic JL. Agonist-promoted ubiquitination of the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 mediates lysosomal sorting. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:45509-12. [PMID: 11641392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100527200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-induced trafficking plays an important role in the physiologic regulation of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although numerous GPCRs are sorted to a degradative pathway upon prolonged stimulation, the molecular events leading to degradation are poorly understood. Here we report that the human immunodeficiency virus co-receptor CXCR4 undergoes rapid agonist-promoted degradation by a process involving endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits and subsequent sorting to lysosomes. Studies analyzing the sorting of various CXCR4 mutants revealed the presence of a degradation motif (SSLKILSKGK) in the carboxyl terminus of CXCR4. The first two serines as well as the dileucine motif were critical for agonist-induced endocytosis, whereas all three serines but not the dileucine were important in mediating degradation. Mutation of the three lysine residues had no effect on CXCR4 endocytosis yet completely inhibited receptor degradation. Because lysine residues represent potential sites of ubiquitination, we also examined the ubiquitination of CXCR4. Interestingly, CXCR4 was shown to undergo rapid agonist-promoted ubiquitination that was attenuated by mutation of the lysine residues within the degradation motif. These studies implicate a specific role for ubiquitination in sorting endocytosed GPCRs to lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marchese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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22
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Lidow MS, Roberts A, Zhang L, Koh PO, Lezcano N, Bergson C. Receptor crosstalk protein, calcyon, regulates affinity state of dopamine D1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 427:187-93. [PMID: 11567648 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recently cloned protein, calcyon, potentiates crosstalk between G(s)-coupled dopamine D1 receptors and heterologous G(q/11)-coupled receptors allowing dopamine D1 receptors to stimulate intracellular Ca(2+) release, in addition to cAMP production. This crosstalk also requires the participating G(q/11)-coupled receptors to be primed by their agonists. We examined the ability of calcyon and priming to regulate the affinity of dopamine D1 receptors for its ligands. Receptor binding assays were performed on HEK293 cell membrane preparations expressing dopamine D1 receptors either alone or in combination with calcyon. Co-expression of dopamine D1 receptor and calcyon affected neither the affinity of this receptor for antagonists nor the affinity of agonist binding to this receptor high and low-affinity states. However, the presence of calcyon dramatically decreased the proportion of the high-affinity dopamine D1 receptor agonist binding sites. This decrease was reversed by carbachol, which primes the receptor crosstalk by stimulating endogenous G(q/11)-coupled muscarinic receptors. Our findings suggest that calcyon regulates the ability of dopamine D1 receptors to achieve the high-affinity state for agonists, in a manner that depends on priming of receptor crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lidow
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, 5-A-12, HHH 666 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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