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Ellouz M, Ihammi A, Baraich A, Farihi A, Addichi D, Loughmari S, Sebbar NK, Bouhrim M, A. Mothana R, M. Noman O, Eto B, Chigr F, Chigr M. Synthesis and In Silico Analysis of New Polyheterocyclic Molecules Derived from [1,4]-Benzoxazin-3-one and Their Inhibitory Effect against Pancreatic α-Amylase and Intestinal α-Glucosidase. Molecules 2024; 29:3086. [PMID: 38999038 PMCID: PMC11243342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on synthesizing a new series of isoxazolinyl-1,2,3-triazolyl-[1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives 5a-5o. The synthesis method involves a double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction following a "click chemistry" approach, starting from the respective [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-ones. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of these newly synthesized compounds through in silico methods. This synthesis approach allows for the combination of three heterocyclic components: [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one, 1,2,3-triazole, and isoxazoline, known for their diverse biological activities. The synthesis procedure involved a two-step process. Firstly, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction was performed involving the propargylic moiety linked to the [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one and the allylic azide. Secondly, a second cycloaddition reaction was conducted using the product from the first step, containing the allylic part and an oxime. The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic methods, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135, and IR. This molecular docking method revealed a promising antidiabetic potential of the synthesized compounds, particularly against two key diabetes-related enzymes: pancreatic α-amylase, with the two synthetic molecules 5a and 5o showing the highest affinity values of 9.2 and 9.1 kcal/mol, respectively, and intestinal α-glucosidase, with the two synthetic molecules 5n and 5e showing the highest affinity values of -9.9 and -9.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Indeed, the synthesized compounds have shown significant potential as antidiabetic agents, as indicated by molecular docking studies against the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Additionally, ADME analyses have revealed that all the synthetic compounds examined in our study demonstrate high intestinal absorption, meet Lipinski's criteria, and fall within the required range for oral bioavailability, indicating their potential suitability for oral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ellouz
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Aziz Ihammi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Abdellah Baraich
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Ayoub Farihi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
- Oriental Center for Water and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (COSTE), Mohammed Premier University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Darifa Addichi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Saliha Loughmari
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Nada Kheira Sebbar
- Laboratory of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Applied Bioorganic Chemistry Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.)
- Laboratoires TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 83, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoires TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 83, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Mohammed Chigr
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
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Design and Synthesis of Arylpiperazine Serotonergic/Dopaminergic Ligands with Neuroprotective Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041297. [PMID: 35209087 PMCID: PMC8877291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain arylpiperazine scaffold is a versatile template to design central nervous system (CNS) drugs that target serotonin and dopamine receptors. Here we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of ten new arylpiperazine derivatives designed to obtain an affinity profile at serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT7 receptor, and dopamine D2 receptor of prospective drugs to treat the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or psychosis. Besides the structural features required for affinity at the target receptors, the new compounds incorporated structural fragments with antioxidant properties to counteract oxidative stress connected with ASD and psychosis. All the new compounds showed CNS MultiParameter Optimization score predictive of desirable ADMET properties and cross the blood–brain barrier. We identified compound 12a that combines an affinity profile compatible with antipsychotic activity (5-HT1AKi = 41.5 nM, 5-HT2AKi = 315 nM, 5-HT7Ki = 42.5 nM, D2Ki = 300 nM), and compound 9b that has an affinity profile consistent with studies in the context of ASD (5-HT1AKi = 23.9 nM, 5-HT2AKi = 39.4 nM, 5-HT7Ki = 45.0 nM). Both compounds also had antioxidant properties. All compounds showed low in vitro metabolic stability, the only exception being compound 9b, which might be suitable for studies in vivo.
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Chen H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fan Z, Liu W, Lei Y, Zhu C, Ma B. Dihydrobenzoxazinone derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115699. [PMID: 33069078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrobenzoxazinone based design and synthesis produced two series of compounds as aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor candidates. In particular, phenolic residues were embodied into the compounds for the combination of strengthening the inhibitory acitvity and antioxidant ability to retard the progression of diabetic complications. Most of the derivatives with styryl side chains exhibited excellent activities on selective ALR2 inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 0.082 to 0.308 μM, and {8-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl}-acetic acid (3a) was the most potent. More significantly, most of dihydrobenzoxazinone compounds revealed not only good inhibitory effect on ALR2, but also showed powerful antioxidant activity. Notably, phenolic compound 3a was even comparable to the well-known antioxidant Trolox, confirming that the C8 p-hydroxystyryl substitution was key structure of lowering oxidative stress. Therefore, these results provided an achievement of multifunctional ALR2 inhibitors possessing capacities for both ALR2 inhibition and as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yanqi Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China.
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Kouhestanian E, AlimadadiJani B. Electrochemically Induced Diels-Alder Reaction: An Overview. CHEM REC 2019; 20:273-331. [PMID: 31423739 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important name reactions in organic chemistry, is the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. It is a chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile to construct a substituted cyclohexene derivative. It is the stereotypical example of a pericyclic reaction with a concerted mechanism. In synthesis, the use of electricity instead of stoichiometric amounts of oxidant or reducing agents is definitely appealing for economic, ecological and selective, reasons. In this review, we try to underscore the combination of the electrosynthesis with Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction to establish of a powerful synthetic tool which may encourage synthetic organic chemists to use it in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kouhestanian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush AlimadadiJani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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Sharma V, Jaiswal PK, Saran M, Yadav DK, Saloni, Mathur M, Swami AK, Misra S, Kim MH, Chaudhary S. Discovery of C-3 Tethered 2-oxo-benzo[1,4]oxazines as Potent Antioxidants: Bio-Inspired Based Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Cytotoxic, and in Silico Molecular Docking Studies. Front Chem 2018; 6:56. [PMID: 29629369 PMCID: PMC5876303 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of C-3 tethered 2-oxo-benzo[1,4]oxazines as potent antioxidants is disclosed. All the analogs 20a-20ab have been synthesized via “on water” ultrasound-assisted irradiation conditions in excellent yields (upto 98%). All the compounds have been evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activities using DPPH free radical scavenging assay as well as FRAP assay. The result showed promising antioxidant activities having IC50 values in the range of 4.74 ± 0.08 to 92.20 ± 1.54 μg/mL taking ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4.57 μg/mL) as standard reference. In this study, compounds 20b and 20t, the most active compound of the series, showed IC50 values of 6.89 ± 0.07 μg/mL and 4.74 ± 0.08 μg/mL, respectively in comparison with ascorbic acid. In addition, the detailed SAR study shows that electron-withdrawing group increases antioxidant activity and vice versa. Furthermore, in the FRAP assay, eight compounds (20c, 20j, 20m, 20n, 20r, 20u, 20z, and 20aa) were found more potent than standard reference BHT (C0.5FRAP = 546.0 ± 13.6 μM). The preliminary cytotoxic study reveals the non-toxic nature of active compounds 20b and 20t in non-cancerous 3T3 fibroblast cell lines in MTT assay up to 250 μg/mL concentration. The results were validated via carrying out in silico molecular docking studies of promising compounds 20a, 20b, and 20t in comparison with standard reference. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of C-3 tethered 2-oxo-benzo[1,4]oxazines as potential antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashundhra Sharma
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Pradeep K Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Mukesh Saran
- Department of Advance Molecular Microbiology, Seminal Applied Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, India
| | | | - Saloni
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Manas Mathur
- Department of Advance Molecular Microbiology, Seminal Applied Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, India
| | - Ajit K Swami
- Department of Advance Molecular Microbiology, Seminal Applied Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
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Nguyen KMH, Schwendimann L, Gressens P, Largeron M. Regiospecific synthesis of neuroprotective 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives through a tandem oxidation–Diels–Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3749-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives have been synthesized at room temperature, with complete regiochemical control, through a tandem oxidation–Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khac Minh Huy Nguyen
- UMR 8638 CNRS-Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris
- 75270 Paris cedex 06
- France
| | | | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm
- F-75019 Paris
- France
- Université Paris Diderot
- F-75019 Paris
| | - Martine Largeron
- UMR 8638 CNRS-Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris
- 75270 Paris cedex 06
- France
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Shastri SL, Chougala BM, Kulkarni MV, Shastri LA. Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of 1,4-Benzoxazines, 1,4-Benzothiazines, Spiro-1,4-benzoxazines, and Spiro-1,4-benzothiazines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2012.714829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Synthesis of some benzoxazinyl pyrazolone arylidenes as potent antimicrobials and antioxidants. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Gulia N, Ejfler J, Szafert S. Macromolecular polyyne-containing benzoxazines for cross-linked polymerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Matralis AN, Katselou MG, Nikitakis A, Kourounakis AP. Novel benzoxazine and benzothiazine derivatives as multifunctional antihyperlipidemic agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5583-91. [PMID: 21702499 DOI: 10.1021/jm200763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease with several mechanisms participating in its manifestation. To address this disorder, we applied a strategy involving the design of a single chemical compound able to simultaneously modulate more than one target. We hereby present the development of novel benzoxazine and benzothiazine derivatives that significantly inhibit in vitro microsomal lipid peroxidation and LDL oxidation as well as squalene synthase activity (IC(50) of 5-16 μM). Further, these compounds show antidyslipidemic and antioxidant properties in vivo, decreasing total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and MDA levels of hyperlipidemic rats by 26-74%. Finally, by determination of their in vivo concentration (up to 24 h) in target tissues (blood/liver), it is shown that compounds reach their targets in the low micromolar range. The new compounds seem to be interesting multifunctional molecules for the development of a new pharmacophore for disease-modifying agents useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios N Matralis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ejfler J, Krauzy-Dziedzic K, Szafert S, Lis T, Sobota P. Novel Chiral and Achiral Benzoxazine Monomers and Their Thermal Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900336m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ejfler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K. Krauzy-Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - S. Szafert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - T. Lis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P. Sobota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Xu X, Liang L, Liu J, Yang J, Mai L, Li Y. Efficient stereoselective synthesis of benzoxazines via copper-catalyzed three-component coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu P, Hu Y. Synthesis of Novel 1,4-Benzoxazine-2,3-Dicarboximides from Maleic Anhydride and Substituted Aromatic Amines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802369638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Degos V, Loron G, Mantz J, Gressens P. Neuroprotective Strategies for the Neonatal Brain. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1670-80. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181733f6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Urios A, Largeron M, Fleury MB, Blanco M. A convenient approach for evaluating the toxicity profiles of in vitro neuroprotective alkylaminophenol derivatives. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:791-800. [PMID: 16520231 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity profiles of a series of quinol-type derivatives were examined through simple Escherichia coli plate assays discriminating the two main cytotoxicity mechanisms associated with polyphenol oxidation to quinone. Toxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS-TOX) was detected in the OxyR(-) assay using cells sensitive to oxidative stress due to a deficiency in the OxyR function. Toxicity arising from the high susceptibility of quinone toward endogenous nucleophiles (Q-TOX) was detected using OxyR(+) cells, in the presence of a nitric oxide donor to promote the quinol oxidation to the corresponding quinone. The toxicity profile markedly depended on structural features. Strong ROS-TOX required a pyrogallol arrangement (exifone; 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 1; baicalein) or a 2-aminoresorcinol sequence (3-amino-2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4). The pyrogallol moiety determined a low Q-TOX, suggesting the conversion of quinones into oxidation products of low toxicity. Compounds lacking a 2-hydroxyl substituent (derivatives 2 and 5, related to 1 and 4, respectively) induced a weak ROS-TOX, but a significant Q-TOX. The electrochemical oxidation of the studied compounds corroborated the crucial role of the 2-hydroxyl group, which had two effects: to protect the quinonoid species from Michael addition, the reaction at the origin of Q-TOX, and, due to the contraction of hydrogen bonding, to stabilize every intermediary oxidation product, very likely involved in ROS-TOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Urios
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Gressens P, Spedding M, Gigler G, Kertesz S, Villa P, Medja F, Williamson T, Kapus G, Levay G, Szenasi G, Barkoczy J, Harsing LG. The effects of AMPA receptor antagonists in models of stroke and neurodegeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 519:58-67. [PMID: 16112106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonists have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in stroke models and although clinical trials with some agents are still ongoing, published results have not been favourable. We therefore wished to compare the effects of GYKI 52466, GYKI 53405, EGIS-8332 and EGIS-10608, non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonists with homophthalazine chemical structures, in standard animal stroke models with effects in a neurodegenerative model--excitoxicity in newborn mice. All compounds inhibited the S-AMPA-induced spreading depression in the chicken retina, in vitro, and were potent anticonvulsants against maximal electroshock in mice, in vivo. The AMPA receptor antagonists prevented domoate-induced cell death of motoneurons, in vitro, and reduced infarct size in a dose-dependent manner in the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in mice, in vivo. In newborn mice (P5, histopathology at P10), local injection of the AMPA receptor agonist S-bromo-willardiine at day 5 after birth induced cortical damage and white matter damage, which was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the AMPA receptor antagonists. EGIS 10608 was a very powerful receptor antagonist of white matter damage. In contrast, GYKI 52466 did not antagonize cortical and white matter damage induced by ibotenic acid. These models allow quantification of the effects of AMPA receptor antagonists in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gressens
- INSERM U676 and Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Blvd Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
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Blattes E, Fleury MB, Largeron M. Simultaneously electrogenerated diene and dienophile: A unique access to novel polyfunctionalized 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives as neuroprotective agents. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Pérez-Asensio FJ, Hurtado O, Burguete MC, Moro MA, Salom JB, Lizasoain I, Torregrosa G, Leza JC, Alborch E, Castillo J, Knowles RG, Lorenzo P. Inhibition of iNOS activity by 1400W decreases glutamate release and ameliorates stroke outcome after experimental ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 18:375-84. [PMID: 15686966 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been shown that the reversed operation of glutamate transporters when ATP levels fall accounts for most glutamate release induced by severe cerebral ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO) is formed after ischemia and causes ATP depletion. Our purpose is to test if NO release from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) after stroke may cause a delayed glutamate release due to ATP depletion that might underlie progression of the ischemic infarct. We have studied the effect of the highly selective inhibitor of iNOS activity 1400W on brain ATP levels, extracellular glutamate, and stroke outcome after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS To induce focal ischemia, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded by using the intraluminal thread technique (tMCAO). 1400W was administered, after tMCAO, by using an Alzet osmotic pump to yield a drug delivery rate of 2.5 mg/kg/h. Results. Postischemic treatment with 1400W induced a reduction in the neurofunctional impairment and in the total volume of brain infarct. Western blot analysis showed ischemia-induced expression of iNOS. Treatment with 1400W partially prevented delayed ATP reduction and produced inhibition of the subsequent delayed increase in glutamate levels caused by the ischemic insult. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that 1400W improves stroke outcome, an effect concomitant to the inhibition of both ischemia-induced decrease in brain ATP levels and increase in glutamate release. These results provide evidence indicating that the expression of iNOS induced by ischemia may contribute to the progression of the ischemic infarct and have important therapeutic implications for the management of stroke.
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Blattes E, Lockhart B, Lestage P, Schwendimann L, Gressens P, Fleury MB, Largeron M. Novel 2-Alkylamino-1,4-benzoxazine Derivatives as Potent Neuroprotective Agents: Structure−Activity Relationship Studies. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1282-6. [PMID: 15715499 DOI: 10.1021/jm040874m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Alkylamino-substituted-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives, a new class of potential neuroprotective agents, were synthesized and examined for their intrinsic cytotoxicity and their capacity to inhibit oxidative stress-mediated neuronal degeneration in vitro. Through structure-activity relationship studies, the 3,3-diphenyl-substituted-1,4-benzoxazine derivative 3l was identified as the optimal candidate, owing to its potent neuroprotective activity, without the manifestation of intrinsic cytotoxicity. Accordingly, 3l proved to be effective in an animal model of excitotoxic lesions in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Blattes
- UMR 8638 CNRS - Université René Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d'Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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20
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Blattes E, Fleury MB, Largeron M. Simultaneously Electrogenerated Cycloaddition Partners for Regiospecific Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels−Alder Reactions: A Route for Polyfunctionalized 1,4-Benzoxazine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2004; 69:882-90. [PMID: 14750818 DOI: 10.1021/jo035614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A multistep one-pot electrochemical synthesis of a variety of complex 2-alkylamino-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives is described. The reactions are regiospecific and diastereospecific in the case of heterocyclic annulation. This cascade sequence, wherein both cycloaddition partners are generated in situ, at room temperature, under metal-free conditions, allows the inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of an o-iminoquinone diene and a secondary alkylenamine dienophile, two chemically nonaccessible unstable entities. To increase the molecular diversity, a variant in which the enamine is separately prepared completes the aforementioned procedure. The extension of this reaction should be useful to generate libraries of heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Blattes
- UMR 8638 CNRS - Université René Descartes, Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d'Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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21
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Bunce RA, Herron DM, Hale LY. Dihydrobenzoxazines and tetrahydroquinoxalines by a tandem reduction-reductive amination reaction. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Hurtado O, De Cristóbal J, Sánchez V, Lizasoain I, Cárdenas A, Pereira MP, Colado MI, Leza JC, Lorenzo P, Moro MA. Inhibition of glutamate release by delaying ATP fall accounts for neuroprotective effects of antioxidants in experimental stroke. FASEB J 2003; 17:2082-4. [PMID: 14500556 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-1086fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxic neuronal injury related to excessive glutamate release is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia. Reversal of neuronal glutamate transporters caused by ATP fall and subsequent imbalance of membrane ionic gradients accounts for most glutamate release after cerebral ischemia. ATP synthesis from oxidative phosphorylation derives from the coupled functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) and the ATP synthase; interestingly, the MRC is one of the main sites of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation even in physiological circumstances. Hence, we have studied the effect of the antioxidants glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and alpha-tocopherol on infarct outcome, brain ATP, and glutamate levels after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Fischer rats; we have also characterized the actions of antioxidants on MRC complexes. Our results show that intraperitoneal administration of antioxidants 2 h before MCAO enhances ATP synthesis and causes a neuroprotective effect concomitant to inhibition of ischemia-induced increase in brain glutamate. Antioxidants also increased mitochondrial ATP and MRC complex I-III activity and respiration, suggesting that these actions are due to removal of the inhibition caused by endogenous ROS on MRC. These findings may possess important therapeutic repercussions in the management of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hurtado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid. Spain
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23
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Plaisant F, Clippe A, Vander Stricht D, Knoops B, Gressens P. Recombinant peroxiredoxin 5 protects against excitotoxic brain lesions in newborn mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:862-72. [PMID: 12654475 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of brain lesions associated with cerebral palsy is multifactorial and likely involves excess release of glutamate and excess production of free radicals, among other factors. Theoretically, antioxidants could limit the severity of these brain lesions. Peroxiredoxins are a family of peroxidases widely distributed in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) is a recently discovered mammalian member of this family of antioxidant enzymes that is able to reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides. The present study was designed to examine the neuroprotective effects of recombinant PRDX5 against neonatal excitotoxic challenge in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. For in vivo experiments, mice (postnatal day 5) were injected intraneopallially with ibotenate acting on NMDA and metabotropic receptors, or S-bromowillardiine acting on AMPA-kainate receptors to produce excitotoxic stress and brain lesions. Systemically administered recombinant PRDX5 provided protection against ibotenate-induced excitotoxic stress. Brain lesions of animals given ibotenate and PRDX5 were up to 63% smaller than that given ibotenate alone. However, PRDX5 provided no prevention from lesions induced with S-bromowillardiine. A mutated recombinant PRDX5 that is devoid of peroxidase activity was also tested and showed no protection against lesions induced by either ibotenate or S-bromowillardiine. Two classical antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine and catalase-PEG, provided the same neuroprotective effect as PRDX5. For in vitro experiments, neocortical neurons were exposed to 300 microM NMDA alone, NMDA plus recombinant PRDX5, or NMDA, recombinant PRDX5 and dithiothreitol, a classical electron donor for peroxiredoxins. Recombinant PRDX5 plus dithiothreitol displayed a synergistic neuroprotective effect on NMDA-induced neuronal death. These findings indicate that reactive oxygen species production participates in the formation of NMDA receptor-mediated brain lesions in newborn mice and that antioxidant compounds, such as PRDX5, provide some neuroprotection in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Plaisant
- INSERM E 9935 and Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
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Rogido M, Husson I, Bonnier C, Lallemand MC, Mérienne C, Gregory GA, Sola A, Gressens P. Fructose-1,6-biphosphate prevents excitotoxic neuronal cell death in the neonatal mouse brain. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2003; 140:287-97. [PMID: 12586434 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The excitotoxic cascade may represent an important pathway leading to brain damage and cerebral palsy. Brain lesions induced in newborn mice by ibotenate (acting on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) and by S-bromowillardiine (acting on alpha-3-amino-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid and kainate receptors) mimic some aspects of white matter cysts and transcortical necrosis observed in human perinatal brain damage. Fructose 1,6-biphosphate (FBP) is a high-energy glycolytic pathway intermediate which, in therapeutic doses, is non-toxic and neuroprotective in hypoxic-ischemic models of brain injury. Mechanisms of action include modulation of intracellular calcium through phospholipase C (PLC) activation. The goal of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of FBP in a mouse model of neonatal excitotoxic brain injury. Mice that received intraperitoneal FBP had a significant reduction in size of ibotenate-induced (80% reduction) or S-bromowillardiine-induced (40% reduction) cortical plate lesions when compared with control animals. Studies of fragmented DNA and cleaved caspase 3 confirmed the survival promoting effects of FBP. FBP had no detectable effect on excitotoxic white matter lesions. The effects of FBP were antagonized by co-administration of PLC, protein kinase C or mitogen-associated protein kinase inhibitors but not by protein kinase A inhibitor. A moderate, transient cooling of pups immediately after the insult extended the therapeutic window for FBP, as FBP administered 24 h after ibotenate was still significantly neuroprotective in these pups. This data extends the neuroprotective profile of FBP in neonatal brain injury and identifies gray matter lesions involving N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors as a major target for this promising drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rogido
- Division of Neonatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Regiospecific Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction of Simultaneously Electrogenerated Diene and Dienophile: An Expeditious Route to Polyfunctionalized 1,4-Benzoxazine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020301)114:5<852::aid-ange852>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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