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Yang XY, Li XZ, Zhang SN. Urinary metabolomic signatures in reticular oral lichen planus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04041. [PMID: 32490246 PMCID: PMC7256305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Among all the clinical forms in OLP, reticular type has the highest incidence rate. Previous studies have applied metabolomics to investigate the metabolic changes of oral mucosa and blood samples from reticular OLP patients. Urinary metabolomic signatures is also useful in analyzing the pathological changes of the patients, which was a complement to the previous studies. Through these researches, we may have a more comprehensive understanding of the disease. Metabolic profiles of urinary samples from OLP patients and control subjects were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) system. Differentially expressed metabolites were identified via OSI/SMMS software for the pathology analysis. Totally, 30 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. Pathological network showed that these metabolites participated in 8 pathological processes, that is, DNA damage and repair disorder, apoptosis process, inflammatory lesion, oxidative stress injury, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, mood dysfunction, abnormal energy expenditure, and other pathological process. These findings demonstrated that the analysis of human urine metabolome might be conducive to the achievement of the objectives of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-yan Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xu-zhao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian new area 550025, PR China
| | - Shuai-nan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian new area 550025, PR China
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Yang XY, Li XZ, Zhang SN. Metabolomics analysis of oral mucosa reveals profile perturbation in reticular oral lichen planus. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:28-32. [PMID: 30218656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disorder and potentially oral premalignant lesion affecting the stratified squamous epithelia. In OLP, reticular type is the most common clinical form of the disease. However, little is known about it. Metabolomics analysis may help to investigate the disease pathogenesis and to improve clinical treatment. METHODS Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) system, XCMS software, SIMCA software, and OSI / SMMS software were integrated to identify differentially expressed metabolites for the pathways and pathology analysis. RESULTS Totally, 21 modulated metabolites were identified, whose dysregulations affected 30 metabolic pathways. Through an impact-value screen (impact-value>0.1), 8 pathways were selected as the significantly dysregulated pathways. Pathological network showed that these metabolites participated in 5 pathological processes, that is, inflammatory lesion, DNA damage and repair disorder, apoptosis process, oxidative stress injury, and abnormal energy expenditure. CONCLUSION The study revealed the metabolic perturbation of oral mucosa in reticular OLP, which may provide an important reference for the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the discovery of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yan Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xu-Zhao Li
- Pharmacy School, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Ko JH, Lee SJ, Lim KT. 116 kDa glycoprotein isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) inhibits glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO)-induced apoptosis in BNL CL.2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:339-46. [PMID: 15916875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) has been used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we investigated the antiapoptotic effect of UDN glycoprotein in glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO)-induced BNL CL.2 cells. To evaluate the antiapoptotic effect of UDN glycoprotein, experiments were carried out using Western blot analysis for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). We also examined nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear staining. When BNL CL.2 cells were treated with G/GO (50 mU/ml), viability of the cells was 54.1%. However, the number of living cells after the addition of UDN glycoprotein in the presence of G/GO increased. UDN glycoprotein protected from cell damage caused by G/GO. Interestingly, UDN glycoprotein decreased NF-kappaB activation and stimulated NO production in G/GO-induced BNL CL.2 cells. In apoptotic parameters, UDN glycoprotein inhibited activations of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in G/GO-induced BNL CL.2 cells. The results of nuclear staining indicated that UDN glycoprotein (50 microg/ml) has a protective ability from apoptotic cell death caused G/GO (50 mU/ml). In conclusion, UDN glycoprotein has a protective effect on apoptosis induced by G/GO through the inhibition of NF-kappaB, caspase-3, and PARP activity, and the stimulation of NO production in BNL CL.2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory and Biodefensive Substances Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Yongbong-Dong 500-757, South Korea
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Szaflarska A, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Siedlar M, Weglarczyk K, Ruggiero I, Hajto B, Zembala M. Antitumor response of CD14+/CD16+ monocyte subpopulation. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:748-55. [PMID: 15308326 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two main subpopulations of human blood monocytes are distinguished on the basis of CD14 and CD16 expression: the major population with enhanced expression of CD14 (CD14++ monocytes) and the minor one with a weak expression of CD14 coexpressing CD16 (CD14+/CD16+ monocytes). As monocytes and macrophages are involved in antitumor response of the host, we assessed the ability of CD14+/CD16+ monocytes to produce cytokines (intracellular expression, release) and reactive oxygen and nitrogen (ROI, RNI) intermediates following stimulation in vitro with tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monocytes were isolated by elutriation and their subpopulations by FACS sorting. Monocytes and their subpopulations were cocultured with tumor cells. Cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IL-10) production was assessed by determination of intracellular protein expression by flow cytometry, and release by ELISA. ROI induction was detected by chemiluminescence and O2- production by flow cytometry, whereas RNI by intracellular expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) release assessed colorimetrically. RESULTS CD14+/CD16+ monocytes stimulated with tumor cells showed significantly enhanced production of TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, IL-12p70 (intracellular expression, release), whereas little IL-10 release was observed. CD14+/CD16+ subpopulation did not produce ROI, but showed an increased iNOS expression and NO release. CD14+/CD16+ monocytes also exhibited enhanced cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS CD14+/CD16+ cells constitute the main subpopulation of blood monocytes involved in antitumor response as judged by enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, RNI, and increased cytotoxic/cytostatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szaflarska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Yuan J, Murrell GAC, Trickett A, Wang MX. Involvement of cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human tendon fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1641:35-41. [PMID: 12788227 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(03)00047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in human tendon degeneration. The objectives of our current study were to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on human tendon cell apoptosis, and to explore pathways by which tendon cell apoptosis was induced. In vitro oxidative stress was created by exposure of cultured human rotator cuff tendon cells to H(2)O(2). Apoptotic cells were assessed by Annexin V-FITC staining and necrotic cells by propidium iodide (PI) staining using flow cytometry. Cytochrome c and caspase-3 protein expression were detected by Western blotting. A mini-dialysis unit was employed to increase the protein concentration of the cytosolic fraction. Caspase-3 activity was determined by a colorimetric assay. Tendon cell apoptosis induced by H(2)O(2) was both dose and time dependent. Addition of H(2)O(2) resulted in the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and an increase of caspase-3 activity and the expression of caspase-3 subunit. The data suggest that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human tendon fibroblasts is mediated via pathway(s) that includes release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol and activation of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, St. George Hospital Campus, University of New South Wales, 4-10 South Street, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Englert RP, Shacter E. Distinct modes of cell death induced by different reactive oxygen species: amino acyl chloramines mediate hypochlorous acid-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:20518-26. [PMID: 11925431 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidants derived from inflammatory phagocytes compose a key element of the host immune defense system and can kill mammalian cells by one of several different mechanisms. In this report, we compare mechanisms of cell death induced in human B lymphoma cells by the inflammatory oxidants superoxide, H(2)O(2), and HOCl. The results indicate that the mode of cell death induced depends on the nature of the oxidant involved and the medium in which the cells are treated. When human Burkitt's lymphoma cells are exposed to superoxide anion, generated as a flux from xanthine and xanthine oxidase, the cells die by a non-apoptotic mechanism (pyknosis/necrosis) identical to that seen when cells are treated with a bolus of reagent H(2)O(2). Addition of superoxide dismutase has no effect, whereas catalase is completely protective, indicating that exogenously generated superoxide kills cells entirely through its dismutation into H(2)O(2). In contrast, cells treated in culture media with reagent HOCl die largely by apoptosis. HOCl-induced apoptosis is mediated by aminoacyl chloramines generated in the culture media and can be mimicked by treatment of cells with taurine chloramine or with long lived chloramines generated from modified Lys or Arg. The results suggest that in a physiological milieu in which O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) are the main oxidants being formed, the principal form of cell death may be necrotic, and under inflammatory conditions in which HOCl is generated, apoptotic cell death may predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Englert
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20815, USA
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Samuni AM, DeGraff W, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB. Cellular sites of H2O2-induced damage and their protection by nitroxides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1525:70-6. [PMID: 11342255 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
While the exact mechanism of H2O2-induced cytotoxicity is unknown, there is considerable evidence implicating DNA as a primary target. A recent study showed that a cell-impermeable nitroxide protected mammalian cells from H2O2-induced cell killing and suggested that the protection was mediated through cell membrane-bound or extracellular factors. To further define the protective properties of nitroxides, Chinese hamster V79 cells were exposed to H2O2 with or without cell-permeable and impermeable nitroxides and selected metal chelators. EPR spectroscopy and paramagnetic line broadening agents were used to distinguish between intra- and extracellular nitroxide distribution. To study the effectiveness of nitroxide protection, in the absence of a cell membrane, H2O2-mediated damage to supercoiled plasmid DNA was evaluated. Both deferrioxamine and Tempol cross the cell membrane, and inhibited H2O2-mediated cell killing, whereas the cell-impermeable DTPA and nitroxide, CAT-1, failed to protect. Similar protective effects of the chelators and nitroxides were observed when L-histidine, which enhances intracellular injury, was added to H2O2. In contrast, when damage to plasmid DNA was induced (in the absence of a cell membrane), both nitroxides were protective. Collectively, these results do not support a role for membrane-bound or extracellular factors in mediating H2O2 cytotoxicity in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Samuni
- Radiation Biology Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, Bldg. 10 Rm B3B69, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
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Ran Z, Rayet B, Rommelaere J, Faisst S. Parvovirus H-1-induced cell death: influence of intracellular NAD consumption on the regulation of necrosis and apoptosis. Virus Res 1999; 65:161-74. [PMID: 10581389 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The autonomous parvovirus H-1 exerts tumor-suppressive effects in living organisms and has been shown to specifically interfere with the survival of transformed cells in culture. The mechanism(s) by which H-1 virus induces death of transformed cells is not yet well understood. It has recently been reported that H-1 virus induces apoptotic cell death in the human monocytic U937 cell line, as assessed by biochemical and morphological changes of infected cells (Rayet, B., Lopez-Guerrero, J.-A., Rommelaere, J., Dinsart, C., 1998. Induction of programmed cell death by parvovirus H-1 in U937 cells: connection with the TNFalpha signalling pathway. J. Virol. 72, 8893-8903). Here we show that parvovirus H-1 infection induced early biochemical changes pointing to apoptotic events also in the transformed human keratinocyte cell line, HeLa, and the transformed rat fibroblast cell line, P1. Morphologic changes, however, and in particular the early breakdown of plasma membrane integrity, suggested that apoptosis did not go to completion, leading to necrotic cell death as the major result of parvovirus infection of HeLa and P1 cells. Parvovirus infection of these, and to a significantly lesser extent of U937 cells, was accompanied by rapid depletion of intracellular NAD stores. Inhibition of NAD-consuming enzymes interfered with parvovirus-induced NAD depletion and increased the proportion of H-1 virus-infected cells displaying apoptotic features of cell death. In contrast, a similar prevention of NAD depletion through stimulation of NAD production had little influence on the cell death pathway, suggesting that NAD-consuming enzymes may promote necrosis in a direct way rather than through inducing the overall drop of intracellular NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ran
- Applied Tumor Virology Program, Abt. F0100 and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 375, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Schilling WP, Sinkins WG, Estacion M. Maitotoxin activates a nonselective cation channel and a P2Z/P2X(7)-like cytolytic pore in human skin fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:C755-65. [PMID: 10516106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.4.c755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maitotoxin (MTX), a potent cytolytic agent, activates Ca(2+) entry via nonselective cation channels in virtually all types of cells. The identity of the channels involved and the biochemical events leading to cell lysis remain unknown. In the present study, the effect of MTX on plasmalemmal permeability of human skin fibroblasts was examined. MTX produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration that depended on extracellular Ca(2+) and was relatively insensitive to blockade by extracellular lanthanides. MTX also produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in plasmalemma permeability to larger molecules as indicated by 1) uptake of ethidium (314 Da), 2) uptake of YO-PRO-1 (375 Da), 3) release of intracellular fura 2 (636 Da), 4) uptake of POPO-3 (715 Da), and, ultimately, 5) release of lactate dehydrogenase (relative molecular weight of 140,000). At the single cell level, uptake of YO-PRO-1 correlated in time with the appearance of large MTX-induced membrane currents carried by the organic cation, N-methyl-D-glucamine (167 Da). Thus MTX initially activates Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels and later induces the formation of large pores. These effects of MTX on plasmalemmal permeability are similar to those seen on activation of P2Z/P2X(7) receptors in a variety of cell types, raising the intriguing possibility that MTX and P2Z/P2X(7) receptor stimulation activate a common cytolytic pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Schilling
- Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA.
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Abstract
Apoptosis and necrosis are two forms of cell death that are induced under different conditions and that differ in morphological and biochemical features. In this report, we show that, in the presence of oxidative stress, human B lymphoma cells are unable to undergo apoptosis and die instead by a form of necrosis. This was established using the chemotherapy drug VP-16 or the calcium ionophore A23187 to induce apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and by measuring classical markers of apoptotic death, including cell morphology, annexin V binding, DNA ladder formation, and caspase activation. In the presence of relatively low levels of H2O2 (75-100 microM), VP-16 and A23187 were unable to induce apoptosis in these cells. Instead, the cells underwent non-apoptotic cell death with mild cytoplasmic swelling and nuclear shrinkage, similar to the death observed when they were treated with H2O2 alone. We found that H2O2 inhibits apoptosis by depleting the cells of ATP. The effects of H2O2 can be overcome by inhibitors of poly(ADP)-ribosylation, which also preserve cellular ATP levels, and can be mimicked by agents such as oligomycin, which inhibit ATP synthesis. The results show that oxidants can manipulate cell death pathways, diverting the cell away from apoptosis. The potential physiological ramifications of this finding will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Division of Hematologic Products, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4555, USA
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