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Wang K, Yin J, Chen J, Ma J, Si H, Xia D. Inhibition of inflammation by berberine: Molecular mechanism and network pharmacology analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155258. [PMID: 38522318 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), renowned for its holistic approach with a 2000-year history of utilizing natural remedies, offers unique advantages in disease prevention and treatment. Berberine, found in various Chinese herbs, has been employed for many years, primarily for addressing conditions such as diarrhea and dysentery. Berberine has recently become a research focus owing to its pharmacological activities and benefits to human bodies. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory mechanism of berberine. PURPOSE To summarize recent findings regarding the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of berberine anti-inflammation and highlight and predict the potential therapeutic effects and systematic mechanism of berberine. METHODS Recent studies (2013-2023) on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of berberine anti-inflammation were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to July 2023 using relevant keywords. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis were employed to predict the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of berberine against potential diseases. RESULTS The related pharmacological mechanisms of berberine anti-inflammation include the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), thereby attenuating the inflammatory response; Inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and IκBα degradation; Inhibiting the activation of MAPK signaling pathway; Enhancing the activation of the STAT1 signaling pathway; Berberine interacts directly with cell membranes through a variety of pathways, thereby influencing cellular physiological activities. Berberine enhances human immunity and modulates immune system function, which is integral to addressing certain autoimmune and tumour-related health concerns. CONCLUSION This study expounds on the correlation between berberine and inflammatory diseases, encapsulating the mechanisms through which berberine treats select typical inflammatory ailments. Furthermore, it delves into a deeper understanding of berberine's effectiveness by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques in the context of treating inflammatory diseases. It provides guidance and reference for berberine's subsequent revelation of the modern scientific connotation of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Diqi Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Lecong Hospital of Shunde, Foshan 528315, China.
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Mahami S, Salehi M, Mehrabi M, Vahedi H, Hassani MS, Bitaraf FS, Omri A. pH-sensitive HPMCP-chitosan nanoparticles containing 5-aminosalicylic acid and berberine for oral colon delivery in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125332. [PMID: 37302632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) with continuous and extensive inflammation is limited to the colon mucosa and can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Conventional therapies are associated with several limitations, such as systemic side effects, drug degradation, inactivation, and limited drug uptake, leading to poor bioavailability. These restrictions necessitate drug delivery to the colon so that the drug passes through the stomach unchanged and has selective access to the colon. The present study aimed to formulate 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and berberine (BBR) in chitosan nanoparticles cross-linked by HPMCP (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate) as a colon drug delivery system for UC. Spherical nanoparticles were prepared. They showed appropriate drug release in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), while the release did not occur in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF). They improved disease activity parameters (DAI) and ulcer index, increased the length of the colon, and decreased the wet weight of the colon. Furthermore, histopathological colon studies showed an improved therapeutic effect of 5-ASA/HPMCP/CSNPs and BBR/HPMCP/CSNPs. In conclusion, although 5-ASA/HPMCP/CSNPs showed the best effect in the treatment of UC, BBR/HPMCP/CSNPs, and 5-ASA/BBR/HPMCP/CSNPs were also effective in vivo study, and this study anticipated they could be helpful in future clinical applications for the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mahami
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Hamid Vahedi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sadat Hassani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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Gungor-Ak A, Turan I, Sayan-Ozacmak H, Karatas A. Chitosan nanoparticles as promising tool for berberine delivery: Formulation, characterization and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Keely SJ, Barrett KE. Intestinal secretory mechanisms and diarrhea. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G405-G420. [PMID: 35170355 PMCID: PMC8917926 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00316.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary functions of the intestinal epithelium is to transport fluid and electrolytes to and from the luminal contents. Under normal circumstances, absorptive and secretory processes are tightly regulated such that absorption predominates, thereby enabling conservation of the large volumes of water that pass through the intestine each day. However, in conditions of secretory diarrhea, this balance becomes dysregulated, so that fluid secretion, driven primarily by Cl- secretion, overwhelms absorptive capacity, leading to increased loss of water in the stool. Secretory diarrheas are common and include those induced by pathogenic bacteria and viruses, allergens, and disruptions to bile acid homeostasis, or as a side effect of many drugs. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Cl- and fluid secretion in the intestine are regulated, how these mechanisms become dysregulated in conditions of secretory diarrhea, currently available and emerging therapeutic approaches, and how new strategies to exploit intestinal secretory mechanisms are successfully being used in the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Keely
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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5
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Lu Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Yan W, Zhou T, Wang Z, Liao L, Cao H, Tan B. Therapeutic Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride on Stress-Induced Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats by Inhibiting Neurotransmission in Colonic Smooth Muscle. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596686. [PMID: 34594213 PMCID: PMC8476869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is complicated and closely related to neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Developing new strategies for treating this disease is a major challenge for IBS-D research. Berberine hydrochloride (BBH), the derivative of berberine, is a herbal constituent used to treat IBS. Previous studies have shown that BBH has potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, and antidiarrheal effects and a wide range of biological activities, especially in regulating the release of some neurotransmitters. A modified IBS-D rat model induced by chronic restraint stress was used in all experiments to study the effects of BBH on the GI tract. This study measured the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) response to graded colorectal distention (CRD; 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg) and observed the fecal areas of stress-induced IBS-D model. Experiments were conducted using organ bath techniques, which were performed in vitro using strips of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter agents were added to each organ bath to observe contractile responses on the strips and the treatment effect exerted by BBH. The IBS-D rat model was successfully induced by chronic restraint stress, which resulted in an increased defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity similar to that of humans. BBH could reduce 4-h fecal areas and AWR response to CRD in IBS-D. The stress-induced IBS-D model showed upregulated colonic mRNA expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3A receptor and downregulated expression levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Meanwhile, BBH could reverse this outcome. The responses of substances that regulate the contraction induced by related neurotransmission in the longitudinal smooth muscle of IBS-D colon (including the agonist of acetylcholine, carbachol; NOS inhibitor, L-NAME; and P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2500) can be inhibited by BBH. In summary, BBH promotes defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D and exerts inhibitory effects on contractile responses in colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Thus, BBH may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Lu
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianran Zhou
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhesheng Wang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liao
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the genus Arcangelisia: A mini review. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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7
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Goswami S. Interplay of potassium channel, gastric parietal cell and proton pump in gastrointestinal physiology, pathology and pharmacology. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:289-305. [PMID: 34309336 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion plays a pivotal role in the physiology of gastrointestinal tract. The functioning of the system encompasses a P2 ATPase pump (which shuttles electroneutral function at low pH) along with different voltage sensitive/neutral ion channels, cytosolic proteins, acid sensor receptors as well hormonal regulators. The increased acid secretion is a pathological marker of several diseases like peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic gastritis, and the bug Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has also a critical role, which altogether affects the patient's quality of life. This review comprehensively describes about the nature of potassium ion channel and its mediators, the different clinical strategy to control acid rebound, and some basic experimental observations performed to study the interplay of ion channels, pumps, as well as mediators during acid secretion. Different aspects of regulation of gastric acid secretion have been focused either in terms of physiology of secretion or molecular interactions. The importance of H pylori infection and its treatment have also been discussed. Furthermore, the relevance of calcium signaling during acid secretion has been reviewed. The entire theme will make anyone to understand in details about the gastric secretion machinery in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchandra Goswami
- Smt. Vidyawati College of Pharmacy, Gora Machhiya, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India -
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Di Pierro F, Bertuccioli A, Giuberti R, Saponara M, Ivaldi L. Role of a berberine-based nutritional supplement in reducing diarrhea in subjects with functional gastrointestinal disorders. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2021; 66:29-34. [PMID: 32283882 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine, an alkaloid obtained by extraction from Berberis spp., is a botanical that is widely used in the nutraceutical sector to control cholesterol and blood glucose levels. It is also a molecule that is effective in limiting diarrhea due to its multi-factorial properties, including its antimicrobial, gut eubiotic and antisecretive actions, and its ability to slow gut motility. In our routine clinical practice, we have suggested the use of a berberine-based nutraceutical, formulated with melatonin and depolymerized guar gum, to patients affected by functional diarrhea (FD) or by diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). METHODS We have therefore retrospectively analyzed the clinical effect of such a nutritional supplement in these two sub-groups of patients. RESULTS Despite the highly pragmatic scheme of our study, our findings strongly confirm the antidiarrheal properties of berberine and recommend its use in some gut functional diseases characterized by frequent evacuation of mushy and/or watery stools. In fact, even after 30 days of treatment, the berberine-based nutritional supplement significantly reduces diarrheal events by 50-70%. After 90 days, this reduction improves to between 70 and 80%, with a reduction of more than 60% in the number of evacuations per week and with more than 50% of treated subjects demonstrating normalized, according to self-reported Bristol Stool Scale categorization, stool consistency. The product is well tolerated and adherence to the proposed therapy is good. Common side effects of the product are flatulence and meteorism, likely due to the "acarbose-like" berberine effects on gut α-glucosidase. CONCLUSIONS Patients, especially those preferring "natural" therapy, can be successfully treated, when affected by a gut functional disease characterized by diarrhea, by berberine-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leandro Ivaldi
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Ceva Hospital, Ceva, Cuneo, Italy
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9
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Cui Y, Hou Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Mao K, Nie H, Ding Y. Regulation of Electrolyte Permeability by Herbal Monomers in Edematous Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:833-839. [PMID: 32940173 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200917144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Edema is a gradual accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissues or luminal cavities, which is regulated by ion transport pathways and reflects dysfunction of fluid and salt homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that some herbal monomers significantly reduce organ/tissue edema. In this review, we briefly summarized the electrolyte permeability involved in pathomechanisms of organ edema, and the benefits of herbal monomers on ionic transport machinery, including Na+-K+-ATPase, Na+ and Cl- channels, Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter, etc. Pharmaceutical relevance is implicated in developing advanced strategies to mitigate edematous disorders. In conclusion, the natural herbal monomers regulate electrolyte permeability in many edematous disorders, and further basic and clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kejun Mao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Bioavailability and hepatoprotection enhancement of berberine and its nanoparticles prepared by liquid antisolvent method. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:327-332. [PMID: 33424313 PMCID: PMC7783676 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was devised to prepare berberine nanoparticles by anti-solvent precipitation method and were assessed for their hepatoprotective effect in Male Sprague-Dawley rats against carbon tetrachloride. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the prepared nanoparticles and berberine were evaluated in rabbits. Histopathological studies and blood biochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate the role of both forms of berberine in the experimental animals. Substantial improvement in the liver function test enzymes levels and liver histopathology were achieved in the animals treated with berberine nanoparticles in comparison to the unprocessed berberine whereas, pharmacokinetic parameters for nanoform of berberine were about 3.97 and 3.88 folds higher than that of the unprocessed berberine. The study revealed that the reduction of berberine particle size to nano range improved pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits. The nano berberine provided better liver protection in experimental rats and high berberine blood concentration. Thus, better hepatoprotective and pharmacokinetics effects were observed for the nano form in comparison to unprocessed form.
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Mo L, Zeng Z, Li Y, Li D, Yan CY, Xiao S, Huang YH. Animal study of the anti-diarrhea effect and microbial diversity of dark tea produced by the Yao population of Guangxi. Food Funct 2019; 10:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00110g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chinese dark teas (CDTs) are a special type of tea traditionally consumed by ethnic minorities around the border regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mo
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yun Li
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Chang-yu Yan
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Sui Xiao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ya-hui Huang
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
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12
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Improvement of intestinal transport, absorption and anti-diabetic efficacy of berberine by using Gelucire44/14: In vitro, in situ and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2018; 544:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Sahibzada MUK, Sadiq A, Faidah HS, Khurram M, Amin MU, Haseeb A, Kakar M. Berberine nanoparticles with enhanced in vitro bioavailability: characterization and antimicrobial activity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:303-312. [PMID: 29491706 PMCID: PMC5817421 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s156123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid widely used in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine to treat illnesses such as hypertension and inflammatory conditions, and as an anticancer and hepato-protective agent. Berberine has low oral bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility and insufficient dissolution rate, which can reduce the efficacy of drugs taken orally. In this study, evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension (EPN) and anti-solvent precipitation with a syringe pump (APSP) were used to address the problems of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of berberine. METHODS Semi-crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) of 90-110 nm diameter for APSP and 65-75 nm diameter for EPN were prepared and then characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD). Thereafter, drug content solubility and dissolution studies were undertaken. Berberine and its NPs were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. RESULTS The results indicate that the NPs have significantly increased solubility and dissolution rate due to conversion of the crystalline structure to a semi-crystalline form. CONCLUSION Berberine NPs produced by both APSP and EPN methods have shown promising activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts, with NPs prepared through the EPN method showing superior results compared to those made with the APSP method and the unprocessed drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Hani S Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abdul Haseeb
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Peneng, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Kakar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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He A, Kang X, Xu Y, Noda I, Ozaki Y, Wu J. Investigation on intermolecular interaction between berberine and β-cyclodextrin by 2D UV-Vis asynchronous spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:343-348. [PMID: 28601038 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between berberine chloride and β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) is investigated via 2D asynchronous UV-Vis spectrum. The occurrence of cross peaks around (420nm, 420nm) in 2D asynchronous spectrum reveals that specific intermolecular interaction indeed exists between berberine chloride and β-CyD. In spite of the difficulty caused by overlapping of cross peaks, we manage to confirm that the 420nm band of berberine undergoes a red-shift, and its bandwidth decreases under the interaction with β-CyD. The red-shift of the 420nm band that can be assigned to n-π* transition indicates the environment of berberine becomes more hydrophobic. The above spectral behavior is helpful in understanding why the solubility of berberine is enhanced by β-CyD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Ninghai Doubly Advanced Material Co, Ltd., Ninghai 315602, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Ninghai Doubly Advanced Material Co, Ltd., Ninghai 315602, PR China.
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Jinguang Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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15
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Prolyl oligopeptidase and its role in the organism: attention to the most promising and clinically relevant inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), also called prolyl endopeptidase, is a cytosolic enzyme investigated by several research groups. It has been proposed to play an important role in physiological processes such as modulation of the levels of several neuronal peptides and hormones containing a proline residue. Due to its proteolytic activity and physiological role in cell signaling pathways, inhibition of POP offers an emerging approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as other diseases related to cognitive impairment. Furthermore, it may also represent an interesting target for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and as an antiangiogenesis or antineoplastic agent. In this review paper, we summarized naturally occurring POP inhibitors together with peptide-like inhibitors and their biological effects. Some of them have shown promising results and interesting pharmacological profiles. However, to date, there is no POP inhibitor available on the market although several clinical trials have been undertaken.
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DiGuilio KM, Mercogliano CM, Born J, Ferraro B, To J, Mixson B, Smith A, Valenzano MC, Mullin JM. Sieving characteristics of cytokine- and peroxide-induced epithelial barrier leak: Inhibition by berberine. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2016; 7:223-234. [PMID: 27190695 PMCID: PMC4867402 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study whether the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) colon which exhibits varying severity and cytokine levels across its mucosa create varying types of transepithelial leak.
METHODS: We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1-β (IL1β) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - singly and in combinations - on barrier function of CACO-2 cell layers. Our focus was on the type (not simply the magnitude) of transepithelial leak generated by these agents as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and transepithelial flux of 14C-D-mannitol, 3H-Lactulose and 14C-Polyethylene glycol as radiolabeled probe molecules. The isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine, was then examined for its ability to reduce specific types of transepithelial leak.
RESULTS: Exposure to TNF-α alone (200 ng/mL; 48 h) induced a 50% decrease in TER, i.e., increased leak of Na+ and Cl- - with only a marginal but statistically significant increase in transepithelial leak of 14C-mannitol (Jm). Exposure to TNF-α + IFN-γ (200 ng/mL; 48 h) + IL1β (50 ng/mL; 48 h) did not increase the TER change (from TNF-α alone), but there was now a 100% increase in Jm. There however was no increase in transepithelial leak of two larger probe molecules, 3H-lactulose and 14C-polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, exposure to TNF-α + IFN-γ + IL1β followed by a 5 h exposure to 2 mmol/L H2O2 resulted in a 500% increase in 14C-PEG leak as well as leak to the luminal mitogen, epidermal growth factor.
CONCLUSION: This model of graded transepithelial leak is useful in evaluating therapeutic agents reducing IBD morbidity by reducing barrier leak to various luminal substances.
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Uptake and levels of the antibiotic berberine in individual dormant and germinatingClostridium difficileandBacillus cereusspores as measured by laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1540-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Uptake of and Resistance to the Antibiotic Berberine by Individual Dormant, Germinating and Outgrowing Bacillus Spores as Monitored by Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144183. [PMID: 26636757 PMCID: PMC4670213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, an alkaloid originally extracted from the plant Coptis chinensis and other herb plants, has been used as a pharmacological substance for many years. The therapeutic effect of berberine has been attributed to its interaction with nucleic acids and blocking cell division. However, levels of berberine entering individual microbial cells minimal for growth inhibition and its effects on bacterial spores have not been determined. In this work the kinetics and levels of berberine accumulation by individual dormant and germinated spores were measured by laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy and differential interference and fluorescence microscopy, and effects of berberine on spore germination and outgrowth and spore and growing cell viability were determined. The major conclusions from this work are that: (1) colony formation from B. subtilis spores was blocked ~ 99% by 25 μg/mL berberine plus 20 μg/mL INF55 (a multidrug resistance pump inhibitor); (2) 200 μg/mL berberine had no effect on B. subtilis spore germination with L-valine, but spore outgrowth was completely blocked; (3) berberine levels accumulated in single spores germinating with ≥ 25 μg/mL berberine were > 10 mg/mL; (4) fluorescence microscopy showed that germinated spores accumulated high-levels of berberine primarily in the spore core, while dormant spores accumulated very low berberine levels primarily in spore coats; and (5) during germination, uptake of berberine began at the time of commitment (T1) and reached a maximum after the completion of CaDPA release (Trelease) and spore cortex lysis (Tlysis).
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Chen C, Yu Z, Li Y, Fichna J, Storr M. Effects of berberine in the gastrointestinal tract - a review of actions and therapeutic implications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:1053-70. [PMID: 25183302 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid present in several plant species, including Coptis sp. and Berberis sp. In traditional medicine, extracts of berberine are used in the treatment of diarrhea of different origins. Recent studies have shown that berberine and its derivatives have significant biological effects on gastrointestinal (GI) and other functions and may become therapeutics for the treatment of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory conditions. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on the actions of berberine in the GI tract. Binding and target sites, activated intracellular pathways, as well as the absorption and metabolism of berberine are discussed. Effects that may be useful in future clinical treatment, like antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects are critically reviewed and potential clinical applications are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dubreuil JD. Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activities of plant products against enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2009-41. [PMID: 24212181 PMCID: PMC3847712 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) produces two types of enterotoxins: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa and STb). These molecules are involved in the induction of secretory diarrhea in animals including humans. This condition is currently treated using a fluid replacement therapy and antibiotics. This treatment is often not available to people in developing countries, and several die from the condition provoke by ETEC. Over the years, plants and plant extracts have been use as traditional medicine to treat various gastrointestinal ailments including diarrhea. Many of these plant products have been claimed to be active against diarrhea, however few have been extensively studied. The main objective of this review was to gather the scattered information on the antidiarrheal activities reported for various plant products on ETEC. This includes two major effects: (1) The inhibitory effect on bacterial growth or viability and (2) The interference with ETEC enterotoxins activity upon the intestinal epithelium. We will focus on plant products and extracts for which we have major indications of their biological activity against ETEC and their enterotoxins. Because Vibrio cholerae toxin (CT) is structurally, antigenically and mechanistically related to LT, it will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Dubreuil
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Kazemi SY. Quenching effect of l-tyrosine on peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence of berberine as the fluorophore. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Medani M, Bzik VA, Rogers A, Collins D, Kennelly R, Winter DC, Brayden DJ, Baird AW. Zinc sulphate attenuates chloride secretion in Human colonic mucosae in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 696:166-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Sha S, Liang S, Zhao L, Liu L, Chai N, Wang H, Wu K. Berberine increases the expression of NHE3 and AQP4 in sennosideA-induced diarrhoea model. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1014-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alzamora R, O'Mahony F, Ko WH, Yip TWN, Carter D, Irnaten M, Harvey BJ. Berberine Reduces cAMP-Induced Chloride Secretion in T84 Human Colonic Carcinoma Cells through Inhibition of Basolateral KCNQ1 Channels. Front Physiol 2011; 2:33. [PMID: 21747769 PMCID: PMC3129074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a plant alkaloid with multiple pharmacological actions, including antidiarrhoeal activity and has been shown to inhibit Cl(-) secretion in distal colon. The aims of this study were to determine the molecular signaling mechanisms of action of berberine on Cl(-) secretion and the ion transporter targets. Monolayers of T84 human colonic carcinoma cells grown in permeable supports were placed in Ussing chambers and short-circuit current measured in response to secretagogues and berberine. Whole-cell current recordings were performed in T84 cells using the patch-clamp technique. Berberine decreased forskolin-induced short-circuit current in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) 80 ± 8 μM). In apically permeabilized monolayers and whole-cell current recordings, berberine inhibited a cAMP-dependent and chromanol 293B-sensitive basolateral membrane K(+) current by 88%, suggesting inhibition of KCNQ1 K(+) channels. Berberine did not affect either apical Cl(-) conductance or basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. Berberine stimulated p38 MAPK, PKCα and PKA, but had no effect on p42/p44 MAPK and PKCδ. However, berberine pre-treatment prevented stimulation of p42/p44 MAPK by epidermal growth factor. The inhibitory effect of berberine on Cl(-) secretion was partially blocked by HBDDE (∼65%), an inhibitor of PKCα and to a smaller extent by inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB202190 (∼15%). Berberine treatment induced an increase in association between PKCα and PKA with KCNQ1 and produced phosphorylation of the channel. We conclude that berberine exerts its inhibitory effect on colonic Cl(-) secretion through inhibition of basolateral KCNQ1 channels responsible for K(+) recycling via a PKCα-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alzamora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland
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Amasheh M, Fromm A, Krug SM, Amasheh S, Andres S, Zeitz M, Fromm M, Schulzke JD. TNFalpha-induced and berberine-antagonized tight junction barrier impairment via tyrosine kinase, Akt and NFkappaB signaling. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:4145-55. [PMID: 21062898 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.070896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα-mediated tight junction defects contribute to diarrhea in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In our study, the signaling pathways of the TNFα effect on barrier- or pore-forming claudins were analyzed in HT-29/B6 human colon monolayers. Berberine, a herbal therapeutic agent that has been recently established as a therapy for diabetes and hypercholesterinemia, was able to completely antagonize the TNFα-mediated barrier defects in the cell model and in rat colon. Ussing chamber experiments and two-path impedance spectroscopy revealed a decrease of paracellular resistance after TNFα to 11±4%, whereas transcellular resistance was unchanged. The permeability of the paracellular marker fluorescein was increased fourfold. Berberine alone had no effect while it fully prevented the TNFα-induced barrier defects. This effect on resistance was confirmed in rat colon. TNFα removed claudin-1 from the tight junction and increased claudin-2 expression. Berberine prevented TNFα-induced claudin-1 disassembly and upregulation of claudin-2. The effects of berberine were mimicked by genistein plus BAY11-7082, indicating that they are mediated via tyrosine kinase, pAkt and NFκB pathways. In conclusion, the anti-diarrheal effect of berberine is explained by a novel mechanism, suggesting a therapeutic approach against barrier breakdown in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Amasheh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin 12200, Germany
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26
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Yin WL, Luo HS, Han ZM. Berberine inhibits basolateral potassium current in rat colonic crypt cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:3343-3346. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i31.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clarify the mechanism behind therapeutic effects of berberine against secretory diarrhea by investigating the effects of berberine on basolateral cAMP-activated potassium current [IK (cAMP)] in rat colonic crypt cells.
METHODS: Intact colonic crypt cells were isolated using an EDTA solution. The effects of berberine on IK (cAMP) in isolated colonic crypt cells were detected using the conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique.
RESULTS: Berberine could significantly inhibit IK (cAMP) in rat colonic crypt cells (P < 0.05). At concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 µmol/L, berberine reduced IK (cAMP) to 71.43% ± 3.61%, 54.56% ± 5.13% and 38.66% ± 3.85% of that in control cells when depolarizing at +80 mV.
CONCLUSION: Berberine exerts therapeutic effects against secretory diarrhea possibly by inhibiting IK (cAMP) in rat colonic crypt cells.
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Battu SK, Repka MA, Maddineni S, Chittiboyina AG, Avery MA, Majumdar S. Physicochemical characterization of berberine chloride: a perspective in the development of a solution dosage form for oral delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1466-75. [PMID: 20842541 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of berberine chloride and to assess the complexation of drug with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), a first step towards solution dosage form development. The parameters such as log P value were determined experimentally and compared with predicted values. The pH-dependent aqueous solubility and stability were investigated following standard protocols at 25°C and 37°C. Drug solubility enhancement was attempted utilizing both surfactants and cyclodextrins (CDs), and the drug/CD complexation was studied employing various techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental log P value suggested that the compound is fairly hydrophilic. Berberine chloride was found to be very stable up to 6 months at all pH and temperature conditions tested. Aqueous solubility of the drug was temperature dependent and exhibited highest solubility of 4.05 ± 0.09 mM in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 25°C, demonstrating the effect of buffer salts on drug solubility. Decreased drug solubility was observed with increasing concentrations of ionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Phase solubility studies demonstrated the formation of berberine chloride-HPβCD inclusion complex with 1:1 stoichiometry, and the aqueous solubility of the drug improved almost 4.5-fold in the presence of 20% HPβCD. The complexation efficiency values indicated that the drug has at least threefold greater affinity for hydroxypropyl-β-CD compared to randomly methylated-β-CD. The characterization techniques confirmed inclusion complex formation between berberine chloride and HPβCD and demonstrated the feasibility of developing an oral solution dosage form of the drug.
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28
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Liu L, Yu YL, Yang JS, Li Y, Liu YW, Liang Y, Liu XD, Xie L, Wang GJ. Berberine suppresses intestinal disaccharidases with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic states, evidences from in vivo and in vitro study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 381:371-81. [PMID: 20229011 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical reports have demonstrated that berberine is a potential antidiabetic agent, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate if berberine exerts its hypoglycemic action via inhibiting intestinal disaccharidases using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received berberine (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally once daily or acarbose (40 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 5 weeks. Disaccharidase activities and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) complex messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in intestinal regions were assessed. The same treatment was operated in normal rats. Sucrose and maltose loading tests were also documented. In addition, Caco-2 cells were cultured in medium containing berberine or berberine plus chelerythrine. Compound C or H-89 for 5 days, disaccharidase activities, and SI complex mRNA levels were measured. The animal experiments showed that berberine significantly decreased the disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression both in diabetic rats and normal rats. Berberine can also significantly lower postprandial blood glucose levels induced by sucrose or maltose loading in normal rats. The cellular results showed that berberine may suppress disaccharidase activities and downregulate SI complex mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Only H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), may reverse the decrease in disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression induced by berberine. In conclusion, berberine suppresses disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic states. The inhibitory effect, at least partly, involves the PKA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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29
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Li N, Gu L, Qu L, Gong J, Li Q, Zhu W, Li J. Berberine attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced tight junction disruption in an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 40:1-8. [PMID: 20149867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of the mucosal barrier is a critical function of intestinal epithelial tight junction. Berberine is one of the main constituents of Coptidis rhizoma, which has been used for patients with gastrointestinal disorders for a long time. This study aimed to determine whether berberine could alleviate pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage. Caco-2 monolayers were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma to induce barrier dysfunction. The protective effect of berberine on tight junctions was analyzed by measuring the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of tight junction, and subcellular localization of tight junction proteins was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot. Berberine significantly prevented pro-inflammatory cytokines induced decrease in TEER. The distortion of tight junction morphology and redistribution of tight junction protein occludin was also prevented by berberine treatment. Western blot analysis demonstrated that berberine inhibit the dislocation of occludin from raft fractions to non-raft fractions in membrane microdomains of tight junctions. We concluded that berberine can ameliorate pro-inflammatory cytokines induced intestinal epithelia tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing JingLing Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Gu L, Li N, Li Q, Zhang Q, Wang C, Zhu W, Li J. The effect of berberine in vitro on tight junctions in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:241-8. [PMID: 19243699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is one of the main alkaloids of Rhizoma coptidis which has been used for patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The major aim of this study was to investigate the effect of berberine on tight junction. Caco-2 cells were treated with various concentration of berberine. We observed the integrity of tight junction by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and also studied the effect of berberine on morphology of tight junction and tight junction protein. These findings showed the first time that berberine could reduce epithelial gut permeability, and might help explain the possible mechanisms of anti-diarrhea activity of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing JingLing Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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31
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Imanshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Phytother Res 2008; 22:999-1012. [PMID: 18618524 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L. family Berberidaceae) is well known in Iran and various parts of this plant including its root, bark, leaf and fruit have been used as folk medicine. The two decades of research has demonstrated different pharmacological and therapeutic effects of B. vulgaris and its isoquinoline alkaloids (particularly berberine). Studies carried out on the chemical composition of the plant show that the most important constituents of this plant are isoquinoline alkaloids such as berberine, berbamine and palmatine. Berberine represents one of the most studied among the naturally occurring protoberberine alkaloids. In addition to B. vulgaris (barberry), berberine is present in many other plants and is used for the treatment of different diseases. This article reviews the traditional uses and pharmacological effects of total extract and the most active ingredient of B. vulgaris (berberine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imanshahidi
- Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
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32
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Meletis CD, Zabriskie N. Supporting Gastrointestinal Health with Nutritional Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/act.2008.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Meletis
- Executive director of the Institute for Healthy Aging, a non-profit educational group, in Carson City, Nevada, and an associate professor of natural pharmacology at the National College of Natural Medicine, in Portland, Oregon
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Chae HW, Kim IW, Jin HE, Kim DD, Chung SJ, Shim CK. Effect of ion-pair formation with bile salts on the in vitro cellular transport of berberine. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:103-10. [PMID: 18277615 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-008-1127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ion-pair complexation with endogenous bile salts on the transport of a quarternary ammonium organic cationic (OC) drug, berberine, across the Caco-2 and LLC-PK1 cell monolayers. The basolateral-to-apical (BL-AP) transport of berberine in Caco-2 cells was temperature dependent and 10-fold higher than that of the apical-to-basolateral (AP-BL) transport. Similar results were observed for the transport of berberine across the LLC-PK1 cells. Moreover, the BL-AP transport in the Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced by the cis-presence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors such as cyclosporine A, verapamil, and digoxin. These results suggest that an efflux transporter, probably P-gp, is involved in the Caco-2 cell transport. The Km and Vmax values for the carrier-mediated transport were estimated to be 83.4 mM and 7640 pmole/h/cm2, respectively. The apparent partition coefficient (APC) of berberine between n-octanol and a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was increased by the presence of an organic anion (OA), taurodeoxycholate (TDC, a bile salt), suggesting the formation of a lipophilic ion-pair complex between an OC (berberine) and an OA (TDC). Despite the ion-pair complexation, however, the BL-AP transport of berberine across the Caco-2 and LLC-PK1 cells was not altered by the cis-presence of bile salts or the rat bile juice. This is consistent with the reportedly unaltered secretory transport of a quarternary ammonium compound, tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA), across the Caco-2 cell monolayers in the cis-presence of bile salts or the rat bile juice, but not with our previous report in which the secretory transport of TBuMA across the LLC-PK1 cell was increased in the cis-presence of TDC. Therefore, the effect of ion-pair formation with the bile components or bile salts on the secretory transport of OCs appears to depend on the molecular properties of OCs (e.g., molecular weight, lipophilicity and affinity to relevant transporters) and the characteristics of cell strains (e.g., expression and contribution of responsible transporters to the transport).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Chae
- National Research Laboratory for Transporters Targeted Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Wu DZ, Yuan JY, Shi HL, Hu ZB. Palmatine, a protoberberine alkaloid, inhibits both Ca(2+)- and cAMP-activated Cl(-) secretion in isolated rat distal colon. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1203-13. [PMID: 18204477 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The protoberberine alkaloid berberine has been reported to inhibit colonic Cl(-) secretion. However, it is not known if other protoberberine alkaloids share these effects. We have therefore selected another protoberberine alkaloid, palmatine, to assess its effects on active ion transport across rat colonic epithelium. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rat colonic mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers and short circuit current (I (SC)), apical Cl(-) current and basolateral K(+) current were recorded. Intracellular cAMP content was determined by an enzyme immunoassay. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was measured with Fura-2 AM. KEY RESULTS Palmatine inhibited carbachol-induced Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) secretion and the carbachol-induced increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Palmatine also inhibited cAMP-activated Cl(-) secretion induced by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) or forskolin. Palmatine prevented the elevation of intracellular cAMP by forskolin. Determination of apical Cl(-) currents showed that palmatine suppressed the forskolin-stimulated, apical cAMP-activated Cl(-) current but not the carbachol-stimulated apical Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) current. Following permeabilization of apical membranes with nystatin, we found that palmatine inhibited a carbachol-stimulated basolateral K(+) current that was sensitive to charybdotoxin and resistant to chromanol 293B. However, the forskolin-stimulated basolateral K(+) current inhibited by palmatine was specifically blocked by chromanol 293B and not by charybdotoxin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Palmatine attenuated Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) secretion through inhibiting basolateral charybdotoxin-sensitive, SK4 K(+) channels, whereas it inhibited cAMP-activated Cl(-) secretion by inhibiting apical CFTR Cl(-) channels and basolateral chromanol 293B-sensitive, KvLQT1 K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Wu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, PR China
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Megyesi M, Biczók L. Effect of ion pairing on the fluorescence of berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shitan N, Tanaka M, Terai K, Ueda K, Yazaki K. Human MDR1 and MRP1 recognize berberine as their transport substrate. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:242-5. [PMID: 17213652 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a role in the detoxification of plant alkaloid berberine, we investigated berberine transport using multidrug resistance protein1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein1 (MRP1). Cells expressing MDR1 or MRP1 accumulated less berberine. Berberine accumulation depended on the cellular ATP level, and was reversed by typical inhibitors of MDR1, suggesting that human MDR1 and MRP1 directly efflux berberine as their substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Japan
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Da-Cunha EVL, Fechinei IM, Guedes DN, Barbosa-Filho JM, Da Silva MS. Protoberberine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2005; 62:1-75. [PMID: 16265921 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)62001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Tsai JC, Tsai S, Chang WC. Comparison of two Chinese medical herbs, Huangbai and Qianniuzi, on influence of short circuit current across the rat intestinal epithelia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 93:21-25. [PMID: 15182899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Revised: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Huangbai (Phellodendron spec.) and Qianniuzi (Pharbitis spec.) are two traditional Chinese medical herbs used for anti-diarrheal and laxative agents, respectively. Ethanol and water extracts of these two herbs were prepared and effects of the extracts on ion transport of the rat intestinal epithelia were studied. For measuring changes of the short circuit current across the epithelia, the rat intestinal epithelia were mounted in the Ussing chamber and attached with voltage/current clamp. The intestinal epithelia were firstly activated by serosal administration of 5 microM forskolin. As current raised and being stable, extracts of these herbs were added, respectively, and changes in the short circuit current were recorded. Ethanol extract of Huangbai attenuated the current increment; on the contrary, ethanol extract of Qianniuzi augmented the current increment additionally. Water extracts of the two herbs showed minor effects on the current in comparison to ethanol extracts. The results provide evidences to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of the two Chinese medical herbs on the intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chang Tsai
- Department of Physical Education, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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Tsai JC, Tsai S, Chang WC. Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Three Chinese Medicinal Plants With Anti-diarrheal Properties on Ion Transport of the Rat Intestinal Epithelia. J Pharmacol Sci 2004; 94:60-6. [PMID: 14745119 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.94.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of ethanol extracts of three Chinese medicinal plants, namely, Qinpi (Fraxini cortex), Kushen (Sophora flavescens, AITON), and Huanglian (Coptis teeta, WALLICH), on ion transport of the rat intestinal epithelia were determined in this study. Rat intestinal epithelia mounted in an Ussing chamber attached to a voltage/current clamp were used for measuring changes in the short circuit current across the epithelia. Activation of the intestinal epithelia by serosal administration of 5 microM forskolin resulted in an increase in basal short circuit current. The ethanol extracts of each of the three plants partially reduced the current stimulated by forskolin. In the following experiments, ouabain and bumetanide were added prior to adding the ethanol extract of these plants for revealing their effect on Na(+) and Cl(-) movement. The results suggest that the ethanol extract of the Qinpi would affect Cl(-) transport. On the contrary, the ethanol extract of Kushen would affect Na(+) transport rather than Cl(-) movement. This study provides evidences that reveal the pharmacological mechanism of the Chinese plants with anti-diarrheal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chang Tsai
- Department of Physical Education, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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Pan GY, Wang GJ, Liu XD, Fawcett JP, Xie YY. The involvement of P-glycoprotein in berberine absorption. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 2002; 91:193-7. [PMID: 12530470 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2002.t01-1-910403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is an important ingredient in a number of traditional Chinese medicines but has been shown to have poor bioavailability in the dog. The aim of this study was to use the P-glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) inhibitors cyclosporin A, verapamil and the monoclonal antibody C219 in in vivo and in vitro models of intestinal absorption to determine the role of P-glycoprotein in berberine absorption. In the rat recirculating perfusion model, berberine absorption was improved 6-times by P-glycoprotein inhibitors. In the rat everted intestinal sac model, berberine serosal-to-mucosal transport was significantly decreased by cyclosporin A. In Ussing-type chambers, the rate of serosal-to-mucosal transport across rat ileum was 3-times greater than in the reverse direction and was significantly decreased by cyclosporin A. In Caco-2 cells, berberine uptake was significantly increased by P-glycoprotein inhibitors and by monoclonal antibody C219. P-glycoprotein appears to contribute to the poor intestinal absorption of berberine which suggests P-glycoprotein inhibitors could be of therapeutic value by improving its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-yu Pan
- Center of Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Ko WH, Law VWY, Yip WCY, Yue GGL, Lau CW, Chen ZY, Huang Y. Stimulation of chloride secretion by baicalein in isolated rat distal colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 282:G508-18. [PMID: 11842001 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00291.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of baicalein on mucosal ion transport in the rat distal colon was investigated in Ussing chambers. Mucosal addition of baicalein (1-100 microM) elicited a concentration-dependent short-circuit current (I(sc)) response. The increase in I(sc) was mainly due to Cl(-) secretion. The presence of mucosal indomethacin (10 microM) significantly reduced both the basal and subsequent baicalein-evoked I(sc) responses. The baicalein-induced I(sc) were inhibited by mucosal application of diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (100 microM) and glibenclamide (500 microM) and basolateral application of chromanol 293B (30 microM), a blocker of K(v)LQT1 channels and Ba(2+) ions (5 mM). Treatment of the colonic mucosa with baicalein elicited a threefold increase in cAMP production. Pretreating the colonic mucosa with carbachol (100 microM, serosal) but not thapsigargin (1 microM, both sides) abolished the baicalein-induced I(sc). Addition of baicalein subsequent to forskolin induced a further increase in I(sc). These results indicate that the baicalein evoked Cl(-) secretion across rat colonic mucosa, possibly via a cAMP-dependent pathway. However, the action of baicalein cannot be solely explained by its cAMP-elevating effect. Baicalein may stimulate Cl(-) secretion via a cAMP-independent pathway or have a direct effect on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ko
- Department of Physiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Mahady GB, Chadwick LR. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis): Is There Enough Scientific Evidence to Support Safety and Efficacy? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-5408.2001.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ko WH, Yao XQ, Lau CW, Law WI, Chen ZY, Kwok W, Ho K, Huang Y. Vasorelaxant and antiproliferative effects of berberine. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 399:187-96. [PMID: 10884519 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was intended to examine the relaxant effects of berberine in rat isolated mesenteric arteries. Berberine produced a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to phenylephrine and significantly reduced the maximal contractile response to phenylephrine. Berberine (10(-7)-3x10(-5) M) also relaxed the phenylephrine- and 9,11-dideoxy-11alpha, 9alpha-epoxy-methanoprostaglandin F(2alpha)-precontracted arteries with respective IC(50) values of 1.48+/-0.16x10(-6) and 2.23+/-0. 22x10(-6) M. Removal of a functional endothelium significantly attenuated the berberine-induced relaxation (IC(50): 4.73+/-0. 32x10(-6) M) without affecting the maximum relaxant response. Pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or methylene blue reduced the relaxant effect of berberine, and L-arginine (10(-3) M) partially antagonized the effect of L-NAME. In contrast, pretreatment with 10(-6) M glibenclamide or 10(-5) M indomethacin had no effect. Berberine (10(-5) M) reduced over by 50% the transient contraction induced by caffeine or phenylephrine in endothelium-denuded rings bathed in Ca(2+)-free Krebs solution. Pretreatment with putative K(+) channel blockers, such as tetrapentylammonium ions (1-3x10(-6) M), 4-aminopyridine (10(-3) M), or Ba(2+) (3x10(-4) M), significantly attenuated the berberine-induced relaxation in endothelium-denuded arteries. In contrast, tetraethylammonium ions (3x10(-3) M), charybdotoxin (10(-7) M) or glibenclamide (10(-6) M) were without effect. Berberine reduced the high-K(+)-induced sustained contraction and the relaxant response to berberine was greater in rings with endothelium (IC(50): 4.41+/-0.47x10(-6) M) than in those without endothelium (IC(50): 8.73+/-0.74x10(-6) M). However, berberine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) did not affect the high-K(+)-induced increase of intracellular [Ca(2+)] in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. Berberine did not affect active phorbol ester-induced contraction in Ca(2+)-free Krebs solution. In addition, berberine inhibited proliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells with an IC(50) of 2.3+/-0.43x10(-5) M. These findings suggest that berberine could act at both endothelium and the underlying vascular smooth muscle to induce relaxation. Nitric oxide from endothelium may account primarily for the berberine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, while activation of tetrapentylammonium-, 4-aminopyridine- and Ba(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels, inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) release from caffeine-sensitive pools, or a direct relaxant effect, is likely responsible for the berberine-induced endothelium-independent relaxation. Mechanisms related to either Ca(2+) influx or protein kinase C activation may not be involved. Both vasorelaxant and antiproliferative effects may contribute to a long-term benefit of berberine in the vascular system.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Berberine/pharmacology
- Calcimycin/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/drug effects
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiology
- Methylene Blue/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Phorbol Esters/pharmacology
- Potassium/pharmacology
- Potassium Channel Blockers
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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