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Wang X, Yu H, Gao R, Liu M, Xie W. A comprehensive review of the family of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases: structure, function, and implications in physiology and pathology. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:532. [PMID: 37981715 PMCID: PMC10659008 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The very-long-chain fatty acid elongase (ELOVL) family plays essential roles in lipid metabolism and cellular functions. This comprehensive review explores the structural characteristics, functional properties, and physiological significance of individual ELOVL isoforms, providing insights into lipid biosynthesis, cell membrane dynamics, and signaling pathways. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to highlight the significance of the ELOVL family in normal physiology and disease development. By synthesizing current knowledge, we underscore the relevance of ELOVLs as potential therapeutic targets. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We emphasize the association between dysregulated ELOVL expression and diseases, including metabolic disorders, skin diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. The intricate involvement of ELOVLs in cancer biology, from tumor initiation to metastasis, highlights their potential as targets for anticancer therapies. Additionally, we discuss the prospects of using isoform-specific inhibitors and activators for metabolic disorders and cancer treatment. The identification of ELOVL-based biomarkers may advance diagnostics and personalized medicine. CONCLUSION The ELOVL family's multifaceted roles in lipid metabolism and cellular physiology underscore its importance in health and disease. Understanding their functions offers potential therapeutic avenues and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Xie
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Ali O, Szabó A. Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15693. [PMID: 37958678 PMCID: PMC10649022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - András Szabó
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Biosynthesis and Significance of Fatty Acids, Glycerophospholipids, and Triacylglycerol in the Processes of Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072183. [PMID: 37046844 PMCID: PMC10093493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One area of glioblastoma research is the metabolism of tumor cells and detecting differences between tumor and healthy brain tissue metabolism. Here, we review differences in fatty acid metabolism, with a particular focus on the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by fatty acid synthase (FASN), elongases, and desaturases. We also describe the significance of individual fatty acids in glioblastoma tumorigenesis, as well as the importance of glycerophospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis in this process. Specifically, we show the significance and function of various isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases (AGPAT), lipins, as well as enzymes involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and cardiolipin (CL). This review also highlights the involvement of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Due to significant gaps in knowledge, the GEPIA database was utilized to demonstrate the significance of individual enzymes in glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Finally, we also describe the significance of lipid droplets in glioblastoma and the impact of fatty acid synthesis, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on cell membrane fluidity and signal transduction from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 Str., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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4
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Comprehensive Investigation on Associations between Dietary Intake and Blood Levels of Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030730. [PMID: 36771436 PMCID: PMC9919095 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly, studies have discovered that different fatty acids (Fas) are linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS We systematically searched Embase and Medline databases to identify eligible studies that examined the associations of different types of Fas with CRC risk. The effect estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the study findings. RESULTS This study evaluated the associations of 28 dietary and 18 blood Fas with CRC risk by summarizing the most updated evidence from 54 observational and four Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies. The present findings suggested that high dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are related to low risk of CRC, while the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and trans-FA are related to high risk of CRC. The summary of all cohort studies found that a high intake of SFA and DHA was a protective factor for CRC, and a high intake of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was a risk factor for CRC. In the subgroup analysis of cancer subsites, we found that the dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA) and trans-FA are risk factors, while DPA is a protective factor for colon cancer. High dietary DHA intake was associated with a lower risk of rectal cancer, while the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with a higher risk of rectal cancer. Meta-analysis of blood FA levels showed a significant reverse association between blood pentadecanoic acid and CRC risk, whilst other blood Fas showed no significant association with CRC risk. All included MR studies showed that high plasma arachidonic acid (AA) is associated with increased CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence on the dietary intake and blood levels of Fas in relation to CRC risk is less consistent. Future studies are needed to investigate how the metabolism of Fas contributes to CRC development.
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Jiang Y, Zhuang Z, Jia W, Wen Z, Xie M, Bai H, Bi Y, Wang Z, Chang G, Hou S, Chen G. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveal threonine deficiency increases hepatic lipid deposition in Pekin ducks via reducing STAT phosphorylation. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:249-260. [PMID: 37168449 PMCID: PMC10164787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary threonine (Thr) deficiency enhances triglyceride (TG) deposition in the liver of Pekin ducks, which injures hepatic function and impairs growth performance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary Thr deficiency on the expressions of proteins and phosphoproteins in liver of Pekin ducks, to identify the underlying molecular changes. A total of 300 one-day-old ducklings were divided into 3 groups with 10 replicates of 10 birds. All ducks were fed corn-wheat-peanut meal diets containing 0.46%, 0.71%, and 0.96% Thr, respectively, from 1 to 21 days of age. Growth performance, serum parameters, hepatic TG content, and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks were determined. A Thr deficiency group (Thr-D, 0.46% Thr) and a Thr sufficiency group (Thr-S, 0.71% Thr) were selected for subsequent proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. The results showed that Thr-D reduced the growth performance (P < 0.001), and increased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hepatic TG (P < 0.05). Thr-D increased gene expression related to fatty acid and TG synthesis (P < 0.05). A total of 176 proteins and 259 phosphosites (containing 198 phosphoproteins) were observed to be differentially expressed as a result of Thr-D. The upregulated proteins were enriched in the pathway related to amino acid metabolism, peroxisome. The downregulated proteins were enriched in linolenic and arachidonic acid metabolism, and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. The upregulated phosphoproteins were enriched in the pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis, fructose and mannose metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Thr-D reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at S729 and STAT3 at S728, and expression of STAT5B. In contrast, Thr-D increased non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (TYK2) expression and STAT1 phosphorylation at S649. Taken together, dietary Thr-D increased hepatic TG accumulation by upregulating the expression of genes and proteins, and phosphoproteins related to fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. Furthermore, these processes might be regulated by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, especially the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3.
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A chromosome-level genome assembly of the jade perch (Scortum barcoo). Sci Data 2022; 9:408. [PMID: 35840598 PMCID: PMC9287455 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic to Australia, jade perch (Scortum barcoo) is a highly profitable freshwater bass species. It has extraordinarily high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which detailed genes involved in are largely unclear. Meanwhile, there were four chromosome-level bass species have been previous sequenced, while the bass ancestor genome karyotypes have not been estimated. Therefore, we sequenced, assembled and annotated a genome of jade perch to characterize the detailed genes for biosynthesis of omega-3 PUFAs and to deduce the bass ancestor genome karyotypes. We constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly with 24 pairs of chromosomes, 657.7 Mb in total length, and the contig and the scaffold N50 of 4.8 Mb and 28.6 Mb respectively. We also identified repetitive elements (accounting for 19.7% of the genome assembly) and predicted 26,905 protein-coding genes. Meanwhile, we performed genome-wide localization and characterization of several important genes encoding some key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of PUFAs. These genes may contribute to the high concentration of omega-3 in jade perch. Moreover, we conducted a series of comparative genomic analyses among four representative bass species at a chromosome level, resulting in a series of sequences of a deductive bass ancestor genome. Measurement(s) | whole genome sequencing | Technology Type(s) | Illumina Sequencing • Oxford Nanopore Sequencing |
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7
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Zhu M, Zhang J, Li G, Liu Z. ELOVL2-AS1 inhibits migration of triple negative breast cancer. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13264. [PMID: 35441059 PMCID: PMC9013481 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified a key enhancer RNA (eRNA) region in breast cancer (BRCA) by applying an integrated analysis method. Reported eRNA region and genes affected by them were selected as presumed target pairs. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival and correlation analyses were performed to screen valuable eRNA region. Based on the KM value and its correlation with the paired target genes, we carefully selected ELOVL2-AS1 as a potential key eRNA region in BRCA. Subsequently, we analyzed the expression of ELOVL2-AS1 and ELOVL2 in four BRCA subtypes and in different BRCA cell lines. The expression of ELOVL2-AS1 and ELOVL2 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) was significantly lower than those in Luminal A. After that, we analyzed the function of genes that are positively correlated with ELOVL2-AS1. We found that the co-expression gene mainly related to cilia and cilia characteristics of TNBC is significantly weaker than that of Luminal A. Considering the stronger invasion and metastasis of TNBC (compared with Luminal A) and the close relationship between decreased cilia and metastasis, we overexpressed ELOVL2-AS1 in TNBC and observed its effect on cell migration. The results show that it can inhibit the migration of TNBC. Finally, we analyzed the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing data, chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing data, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data and identified the chromatin interaction between ELOVL2-AS1 and ELOVL2, suggesting a direct regulatory interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Zhu
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Yoon GR, Bugg WS, Fehrmann F, Yusishen ME, Suh M, Anderson WG. Long-term effects of temperature during early life on growth and fatty acid metabolism in age-0 Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). J Therm Biol 2022; 105:103210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Pizzuti V, Abruzzo PM, Chatgilialoglu A, Zia S, Marrazzo P, Petrocelli G, Zannini C, Marchionni C, Poggi P, Simonazzi G, Canaider S, Alviano F, Facchin F, Bonsi L. A Tailored Lipid Supplement Restored Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Ameliorates In Vitro Biological Features of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051236. [PMID: 35268327 PMCID: PMC8911266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture conditions influence several biological and biochemical features of stem cells (SCs), including the membrane lipid profile, thus limiting the use of SCs for cell therapy approaches. The present study aims to investigate whether the in vitro culture may alter the membrane fatty acid signature of human Amniotic Epithelial Cells (hAECs). The analysis of the membrane fatty acid composition of hAECs cultured in basal medium showed a loss in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular in omega-6 (ω-6) content, compared to freshly isolated hAECs. The addition to the basal culture medium of a chemically defined and animal-free tailored lipid supplement, namely Refeed®, partially restored the membrane fatty acid signature of hAECs. Although the amelioration of the membrane composition did not prolong hAECs culture lifespan, Refeed® influenced cell morphology, counteracted the onset of senescence, and increased the migratory capacity as well as the ability of hAECs to inhibit Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) proliferation. This study provides new information on hAEC features during culture passages and demonstrates that the maintenance of the membrane fatty acid signature preserved higher cell quality during in vitro expansion, suggesting the use of lipid supplementation for SC expansion in cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pizzuti
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Provvidenza Maria Abruzzo
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
| | | | | | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Giovannamaria Petrocelli
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Chiara Zannini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB)-ELDOR Lab, at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Cosetta Marchionni
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Poggi
- Remembrane S.r.l., 40026 Imola, Italy; (A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Giuliana Simonazzi
- Obstetric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico St. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Silvia Canaider
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Facchin
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (P.M.A.); (P.M.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (L.B.)
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Yau SY, Yip YSL, Formolo DA, He S, Lee THY, Wen C, Hryciw DH. Chronic consumption of a high linoleic acid diet during pregnancy, lactation and post-weaning period increases depression-like behavior in male, but not female offspring. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113538. [PMID: 34418475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an essential role in brain development. Emerging data have suggested a possible link between an imbalance in PUFAs and cognitive behavioral deficits in offspring. A diet rich in high linoleic acid (HLA), typically from preconception to lactation, leads to an increase in the ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in the fetus. Arising research has suggested that a deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids is a potential risk factor for inducing autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavioral deficits. However, the impact of a high n- diet during preconception, pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning on the brain development of adolescent offspring are yet to be determined. This study examined whether consumption of an HLA diet during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning induced social and cognitive impairments in female and male offspring rats that resemble autistic phenotypes in humans. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed with either HLA or low linoleic acid (LLA) control diet for 10 weeks before mating, then continued with the same diet throughout the pregnancy and lactation period. Female and male offspring at 5 weeks old were subjected to behavioral tests to assess social interaction behavior and depression-/anxiety-like behavior. Our result showed that chronic consumption of an HLA diet did not affect sociability and social recognition memory, but induced depression-like behavior in male but not in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yvette Siu Ling Yip
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Douglas A Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siyuen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Ho Yin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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Zhang L, Yu Y, Dong L, Gan J, Mao T, Liu T, Li X, He L. Effects of moderate exercise on hepatic amino acid and fatty acid composition, liver transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100921. [PMID: 34607243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on swimming exercise in fish has focused on muscle building and quality of flesh. However, the effects of hepatic amino acid and fatty acid composition, liver gene expression profile, and intestinal microbiota are poorly understood. In this study, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were subjected to a 4-week swimming exercise, and liver transcriptome and intestinal microbiota analyses were performed to broaden our understanding of fish under exercise. When compared to non-exercised channel catfish (N-EXF), exercised channel catfish (EXF) had improved arachidonic acid (C20:4n6; ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3; DHA), aspartic acid (Asp) and glycine (Gly). The liver transcriptome analysis revealed 2912 differentially expressed genes and numerous enriched signaling pathways including those involved in nutrient synthesis, such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids; glucose metabolism, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, insulin signaling, and AMPK signaling pathways; and oxygen transport, such as HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that long-term exercise increased bacterial diversity and richness, and changed the intestinal microbial composition in channel catfish. In summary, this study provides insights into hepatic metabolic pathways, candidate genes, and intestinal microbiota underlying the long-term exercised channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yali Yu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lixue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Mao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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12
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Yoon GR, Earhart M, Wang Y, Suh M, Anderson WG. Effects of temperature and food availability on liver fatty acid composition and plasma cortisol concentration in age-0 lake sturgeon: Support for homeoviscous adaptation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 261:111056. [PMID: 34418543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Overwintering survival in north temperate fishes involves a series of adaptive responses to multiple environmental stressors. Homeoviscous adaptation includes changes in membrane lipid composition in response to reduced environmental temperature, which may be driven by changes in hormones involved in the endocrine stress response. We examined how reduced temperature and food availability may act in concert to influence hepatic fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides, in addition to plasma concentration of cortisol in age-0 lake sturgeon (A. fulvescens). At 153 days post hatch (dph), temperature was decreased from 16 °C to 1 °C at a rate of 0.5 °C per day, and at 200 dph, fish were either fed every other day or deprived of food for 45 days to simulate an overwintering event. Liver fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides were assessed before temperature manipulation (16 °C; 153 dph), when fish had been at 1 °C for 16 days (199 dph), 25 days of overwintering (225 dph) and 45 days of overwintering (245 dph). Plasma cortisol concentration was assessed at 153, 225 and 245 dph. When temperature was decreased, both mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly increased in phospholipids and triglycerides. Total omega-6 fatty acids significantly increased in phospholipids while total omega-3 fatty acids did not. During the simulated overwintering, there was no obvious difference in fatty acids of phospholipids and triglycerides between diet treatments and no difference in circulating cortisol concentration between baseline and post-stressed fish in the fasted group. Our results provide support for homeoviscous adaptation to cold temperatures in lake sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangseok R Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Madison Earhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Food and Human Nutrition Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Food and Human Nutrition Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
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13
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Athinarayanan S, Fan YY, Wang X, Callaway E, Cai D, Chalasani N, Chapkin RS, Liu W. Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 Influences Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis by Modulating the PPARα-FGF21 Axis. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:461-477. [PMID: 33681679 PMCID: PMC7917273 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), also known as delta-5 desaturase (D5D), is one of the rate-limiting enzymes involved in the desaturation and elongation cascade of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to generate long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs). Reduced function of D5D and decreased hepatic FADS1 expression, as well as low levels of LC-PUFAs, were associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the causal role of D5D in hepatic lipid homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that down-regulation of FADS1 increases susceptibility to hepatic lipid accumulation. We used in vitro and in vivo models to test this hypothesis and to delineate the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of reduced FADS1 function. Our study demonstrated that FADS1 knockdown significantly reduced cellular levels of LC-PUFAs and increased lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in HepG2 cells. The lipid accumulation was associated with significant alterations in multiple pathways involved in lipid homeostasis, especially fatty acid oxidation. These effects were demonstrated to be mediated by the reduced function of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis, which can be reversed by treatment with docosahexaenoic acid, PPARα agonist, or FGF21. In vivo, FADS1-knockout mice fed with high-fat diet developed increased hepatic steatosis as compared with their wild-type littermates. Molecular analyses of the mouse liver tissue largely corroborated the observations in vitro, especially along with reduced protein expression of PPARα and FGF21. Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that dysregulation in FADS1 alters liver lipid homeostasis in the liver by down-regulating the PPARα-FGF21 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaminie Athinarayanan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Evelyn Callaway
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Defeng Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA.,Texas A&M Center for Environmental Health ResearchTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA.,Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA.,Department of PharmacologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
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14
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Korbecki J, Kojder K, Jeżewski D, Simińska D, Tarnowski M, Kopytko P, Safranow K, Gutowska I, Goschorska M, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Wiszniewska B, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Expression of SCD and FADS2 Is Lower in the Necrotic Core and Growing Tumor Area than in the Peritumoral Area of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050727. [PMID: 32392704 PMCID: PMC7277411 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of desaturases is higher in many types of cancer, and despite their recognized role in oncogenesis, there has been no research on the expression of desaturases in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Tumor tissue samples were collected during surgery from 28 patients (16 men and 12 women) diagnosed with GBM. The effect of necrotic conditions and nutritional deficiency (mimicking conditions in the studied tumor zones) was studied in an in vitro culture of human brain (glioblastoma astrocytoma) U-87 MG cells. Analysis of desaturase expression was made by qRT-PCR and the immunohistochemistry method. In the tumor, the expression of stearoyl–coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid desaturases 2 (FADS2) was lower than in the peritumoral area. The expression of other desaturases did not differ in between the distinguished zones. We found no differences in the expression of SCD, fatty acid desaturases 1 (FADS1), or FADS2 between the sexes. Necrotic conditions and nutritional deficiency increased the expression of the studied desaturase in human brain (glioblastoma astrocytoma) U-87 MG cells. The obtained results suggest that (i) biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a GBM tumor is less intense than in the peritumoral area; (ii) expressions of SCD, SCD5, FADS1, and FADS2 correlate with each other in the necrotic core, growing tumor area, and peritumoral area; (iii) expressions of desaturases in a GBM tumor do not differ between the sexes; and (iv) nutritional deficiency increases the biosynthesis of MUFA and PUFA in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa-Wołosiuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.-W.); (B.W.)
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.-W.); (B.W.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-1515; Fax: +48-91-466-1516
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15
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Blanco-Luquin I, Acha B, Urdánoz-Casado A, Sánchez-Ruiz De Gordoa J, Vicuña-Urriza J, Roldán M, Labarga A, Zelaya MV, Cabello C, Méndez-López I, Mendioroz M. Early epigenetic changes of Alzheimer's disease in the human hippocampus. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1083-1092. [PMID: 32233750 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1748917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new biomarkers would be very valuable to improve the detection of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). DNA methylation marks may serve as epigenetic biomarkers of early AD. Here we identified epigenetic marks that are present in the human hippocampus from the earliest stages of AD. A previous methylome dataset of the human AD hippocampus was used to select a set of eight differentially methylated positions (DMPs) since early AD stages. Next, bisulphite pyrosequencing was performed in an expanded homogeneous cohort of 18 pure controls and 35 hippocampal samples with neuropathological changes of pure AD. Correlation between DNA methylation levels in DMPs and phospho-tau protein burden assessed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus was also determined. We found four DMPs showing higher levels of DNA methylation at early AD stages compared to controls, involving ELOVL2, GIT1/TP53I13 and the histone gene locus at chromosome 6. DNA methylation levels assessed by bisulphite pyrosequencing correlated with phospho-tau protein burden for ELOVL2 and HIST1H3E/HIST1H3 F genes. In this discovery study, a set of four epigenetic marks of early AD stages have been identified in the human hippocampus. It would be worth studying in-depth the specific pathways related to these epigenetic marks. These early alterations in DNA methylation in the AD hippocampus could be regarded as candidate biomarkers to be explored in future translational studies. ABBREVIATIONS AD: Alzheimer's disease; DMPs: Differentially methylated positions; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; βA42: β-amyloid 42; PET: positron emission tomography; 5mC: 5-methyl cytosine; CpG: cytosine-guanine dinucleotides; ANK1: ankyrin-1; BIN1: amphiphysin II; p-tau: hyperphosphorylated tau; CERAD: Consortium to Establish A Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: one-way analysis of variance; VLCFAs: very long-chain fatty acids; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Blanca Acha
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Ruiz De Gordoa
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Janire Vicuña-Urriza
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Roldán
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Labarga
- Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Victoria Zelaya
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Cabello
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Méndez-López
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital García-Orcoyen , Estella, Spain
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
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16
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Jehl F, Désert C, Klopp C, Brenet M, Rau A, Leroux S, Boutin M, Lagoutte L, Muret K, Blum Y, Esquerré D, Gourichon D, Burlot T, Collin A, Pitel F, Benani A, Zerjal T, Lagarrigue S. Chicken adaptive response to low energy diet: main role of the hypothalamic lipid metabolism revealed by a phenotypic and multi-tissue transcriptomic approach. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:1033. [PMID: 31888468 PMCID: PMC6937963 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Production conditions of layer chicken can vary in terms of temperature or diet energy content compared to the controlled environment where pure-bred selection is undertaken. The aim of this study was to better understand the long-term effects of a 15%-energy depleted diet on egg-production, energy homeostasis and metabolism via a multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis. Study was designed to compare effects of the nutritional intervention in two layer chicken lines divergently selected for residual feed intake. Results Chicken adapted to the diet in terms of production by significantly increasing their feed intake and decreasing their body weight and body fat composition, while their egg production was unchanged. No significant interaction was observed between diet and line for the production traits. The low energy diet had no effect on adipose tissue and liver transcriptomes. By contrast, the nutritional challenge affected the blood transcriptome and, more severely, the hypothalamus transcriptome which displayed 2700 differentially expressed genes. In this tissue, the low-energy diet lead to an over-expression of genes related to endocannabinoid signaling (CN1R, NAPE-PLD) and to the complement system, a part of the immune system, both known to regulate feed intake. Both mechanisms are associated to genes related polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis (FADS1, ELOVL5 and FADS2), like the arachidonic acid, a precursor of anandamide, a key endocannabinoid, and of prostaglandins, that mediate the regulatory effects of the complement system. A possible regulatory role of NR1H3 (alias LXRα) has been associated to these transcriptional changes. The low-energy diet further affected brain plasticity-related genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis and in the synaptic activity, revealing a link between nutrition and brain plasticity. It upregulated genes related to protein synthesis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in the hypothalamus, suggesting reorganization in nutrient utilization and biological synthesis in this brain area. Conclusions We observed a complex transcriptome modulation in the hypothalamus of chicken in response to low-energy diet suggesting numerous changes in synaptic plasticity, endocannabinoid regulation, neurotransmission, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial activity and protein synthesis. This global transcriptomic reprogramming could explain the adaptive behavioral response (i.e. increase of feed intake) of the animals to the low-energy content of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jehl
- PEGASE UMR 1348, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - C Désert
- PEGASE UMR 1348, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - C Klopp
- SIGENAE Plateform, INRA, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - M Brenet
- PEGASE UMR 1348, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - A Rau
- GABI UMR 1313, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - S Leroux
- GenPhySE UMR 1388, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - M Boutin
- PEGASE UMR 1348, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - L Lagoutte
- PEGASE UMR 1348, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - K Muret
- PEGASE UMR 1348, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Y Blum
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - D Esquerré
- GENOTOUL Plateform, INRA, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - T Burlot
- NOVOGEN, Mauguérand, 22800, Le Foeil, France
| | - A Collin
- BOA UMR, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - F Pitel
- GenPhySE UMR 1388, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - T Zerjal
- SIGENAE Plateform, INRA, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - S Lagarrigue
- PEGASE UMR 1348, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.
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17
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Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease with FADS2 rs3834458 Gene Polymorphism in the Chinese Han Population. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:6069870. [PMID: 31781193 PMCID: PMC6875352 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6069870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are often prone to coronary artery disease (CAD), and CAD is found to be the main cause of death in NAFLD patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) rs3834458 polymorphism and serum FADS2 level with NAFLD and CAD in Chinese Han population. Materials and Methods The serum level of FADS2 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in healthy people, NAFLD patients, and NAFLD patients combined with CAD (NAFLD+CAD). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the genotypes of FADS2 rs3834458 in the three groups. Results Body mass index (BMI), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the NAFLD group and the NAFLD+CAD group were higher than those of the healthy control group (P < 0.05); the HDL-C of the NAFLD+CAD group was significantly lower than that of the healthy people and the NAFLD group (P < 0.05). The serum FADS2 concentration in the NAFLD+CAD group was significantly higher than that in the NAFLD group (P < 0.05) and the healthy people (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in genotype distribution (χ2 = 5.347, P < 0.497) and allele frequency (χ2 = 3.322, P = 0.345) between the three groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the T allele was not an independent risk factor for CAD with NAFLD (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.422-6.180). Conclusions Serum FADS2 concentration was positively correlated with the susceptibility of NAFLD with CAD, while the polymorphism of rs3834458 was not associated with NAFLD with CAD.
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18
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Bellissimo MP, Cai Q, Ziegler TR, Liu KH, Tran PH, Vos MB, Martin GS, Jones DP, Yu T, Alvarez JA. Plasma High-Resolution Metabolomics Differentiates Adults with Normal Weight Obesity from Lean Individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1729-1737. [PMID: 31689010 PMCID: PMC6839782 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored underlying metabolism-related dysfunction by examining metabolomic profiles in adults categorized as lean, as having normal weight obesity (NWO), or as having overweight/obesity. METHODS Participants (N = 179) had fasting plasma analyzed by liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry for high-resolution metabolomics. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. NWO was defined as BMI < 25 and body fat > 30% for women and > 23% for men. Differentiating metabolomic features were determined by using linear regression models and likelihood ratio tests with false discovery rate correction. Mummichog was used for pathway and network analyses. RESULTS A total of 222 metabolites significantly differed between the groups at a false discovery rate of q = 0.2. Linoleic acid, β-alanine, histidine, and aspartate/asparagine metabolism pathways were significantly enriched (all P < 0.01) by metabolites that were similarly upregulated in the NWO and overweight/obesity groups compared with the lean group. A module analysis linked branched-chain amino acids and amino acid metabolites as elevated in the NWO and overweight/obesity groups compared with the lean group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic profiles of individuals with NWO reflected similar metabolic disruption as those of individuals with overweight/obesity. High-resolution metabolomics may help identify people at risk for developing obesity-related disease, despite normal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah P Bellissimo
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qingpo Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ken H Liu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Phong H Tran
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Greg S Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Han L, Ding J, Wang H, Zuo R, Quan Z, Fan Z, Liu Q, Chang Y. Molecular characterization and expression of SiFad1 in the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius). Gene 2019; 705:133-141. [PMID: 31004713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (Fads) are a key enzyme in the process of biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs). In this study, we cloned the full-length sequence of the SiFad1 gene (SiFad1) and analyzed its expression profiles during different developmental stages and in different tissues of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The full-length cDNA of SiFad1 is composed of 1086 bp, with a putative open reading frame of 885 bp encoding a polypeptide of 294 amino acid (AA) residues. The predicted molecular mass of SiFad1 is 34.67 kDa and its theoretical pI is 8.41. The presence of conserved motifs including three histidine boxes (HXXXH, HXXHH, XXXHH), a FA_desaturases domain and three transmembrane domains suggests that SiFad1 belongs to the microsomal fatty acid desaturases family. Its tissue distribution showed that the highest expression of SiFad1 is in the intestine and the weakest expression is in Aristotle's lantern of S. intermedius. Time-course expression measurements in different developmental stages showed the highest expression of SiFad1 occurs in the gastrula and the weakest expression in the juvenile sea urchin. Knock-down of SiFad1 by specific siRNA revealed that the significantly depressed expression of Elovl5 had decreased in the coelomocytes, intestines and gonads at 24 h post transfection, indicating that the downstream target gene of SiFad1 is Elovl5 and SiFad1 and Elovl5 have positive regulatory effects. When we examined the changes in fatty acids in the gonads before and after interference, the results showed that after 24 h of interference, the content of C20:4n-6 produced by SiFad1 had decreased. Taken together, these results will enable us to understand the role of SiFad1 in fatty acid anabolism, which will help us to understand the fatty acid synthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms of Strongylocentrotus intermedius and provide a theoretical experimental basis for improving the ability of sea urchins to synthesize fatty acids and cultivating sea urchins of higher quality and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Rantao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zijiao Quan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zihan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Quandi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Korbecki J, Rębacz-Maron E, Barczak K, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D. Fatty acid levels alterations in THP-1 macrophages cultured with lead (Pb). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:222-231. [PMID: 30732887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As cardiovascular events are one of the main causes of death in developed countries, each factor potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease deserves special attention. One such factor is the potentially atherogenic effect of lead (Pb) on lipid metabolism, and is significant in view of the still considerable Pb environmental pollution and the non-degradability of Pb compounds. METHODS Analysis of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (caprylic acid (C8:0), decanoic acid (C10:0), lauric acid (C12:0), tridecanoic acid (C13:0), myristic acid (C14:0), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and behenic acid (C22:0)), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (18:1w9), trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans11)), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (linoleic acid (C18:2n6), gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n6), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)), was conducted by gas chromatography. Analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) expression was performed using qRT-PCR. Oxidative stress intensity (malondialdehyde - MDA concentration) was measured using spectrophotometric method. Intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively measured by plate reader. RESULTS Pb caused quantitative alterations in FAs profile in macrophages; the effect was Pb-concentration dependent and selective (i.e. concerned only selected FAs). In general, the effect of Pb was biphasic, with Pb levels of 1.25 μg/dL and 2.5 μg/dL being stimulatory, and 10 μg/dL being inhibitory on concentrations of selected FAs. The most potent Pb concentration, resulting in increase in levels of 9 FAs, was 2.5 μg/dL, the Pb-level corresponding to the mean blood Pb concentrations of people living in urban areas not contaminated by Pb. Pb was found to exert similar, biphasic effect on the expression of FADS1. However, Pb decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, the expression of SCD and FADS2. Pb significantly increased MDA and ROS concentration in macrophages. CONCLUSION Environmental Pb exposure might be a risk factor resulting in alterations in FAs levels, oxidative stress and increased MDA concentration in macrophages, which might lead to the formation of foam cells and to inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 St., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- University of Szczecin, Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 St., 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Rioux V, Legrand P. Fatty Acid Desaturase 3 (FADS3) Is a Specific ∆13-Desaturase of Ruminant trans-Vaccenic Acid. Lifestyle Genom 2019; 12:18-24. [PMID: 32911476 DOI: 10.1159/000502356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian species, the Fatty Acid Desaturase (FADS) gene cluster includes FADS1 (∆5-desaturase), FADS2 (∆6-desaturase), and a third gene member, named FADS3. According to its high degree of nucleotide sequence homology with both FADS1and FADS2, FADS3 was promptly suspected by researchers in the field to code for a new mammalian membrane-bound fatty acid desaturase. However, no catalytic activity was attributed to the FADS3 protein for a decade, until the rat FADS3 protein was shown in vitro to be able to catalyze the unexpected ∆13-desaturation of trans-vaccenic acid, producing the trans11,cis13-conjugated linoleic acid isomer. This review summarizes the recent investigations establishing the FADS3 enzyme as a reliable mammalian trans-vaccenate ∆13-desaturase in vivo and tries to identify further unresolved issues that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rioux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France,
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
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22
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Quiroga PL, Soria EA, Valentich MA, Eynard AR. Differential Potentiation of Retinoic Acid Effects against Human Breast Cancer Cells by Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1137-1144. [PMID: 30216095 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1497669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are proposed as nutritional anticancer agents. Nonetheless, the activity of their combination on human breast cancer needs further study. Our aim was to evaluate this activity on the MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines treated with 1 µM RA and 50 µM of γ-linoleic (GLA, ω-6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, ω-3), oleic (OA, ω-9), or eicosatrienoic (ETA, ω-9) acids. The following cellular responses were compared by ANOVA and Fisher test (P < 0.05): fatty acids, E-cadherin, actin (differentiation), conjugated dienes, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity (stress), and viability, which were correlated by partial least squares regression. Although both cell lines responded differentially, RA modified unsaturated fatty acids, increased differentiation, reduced γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and viability. RA differentiating activity on ZR-75-1 was morphologically enhanced by UFA. Stress induction with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase decrease and conjugated dienes was promoted by ETA in MCF-7, and EPA and OA in ZR-75-1. RA-related reduced viability was potentiated by EPA and OA in both lines. GLA was less active. Therefore, unsaturated fatty acids (ω-3/ω-9) potentiated the multitarget retinoic acid activity against these human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Quiroga
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elio A Soria
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Mirta A Valentich
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Aldo R Eynard
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET , Córdoba , Argentina
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23
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Lopera-Vasquez R, Hamdi M, Maillo V, Lloreda V, Coy P, Gutierrez-Adan A, Bermejo-Alvarez P, Rizos D. Effect of bovine oviductal fluid on development and quality of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:621-629. [PMID: 26462440 DOI: 10.1071/rd15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of bovine oviductal fluid (OF) supplementation during in vitro culture of bovine embryos on their development and quality, in vitro-produced zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF; negative control; C-) supplemented with OF or 5% fetal calf serum (positive control; C+). Embryo development was recorded on Days 7-9 after insemination and blastocyst quality was assessed through cryotolerance, differential cell counting of the inner cell mass and trophectoderm, and gene expression. OF was added to the culture medium at concentrations ranging from 0.625% to 25%. The higher OF concentrations (5%, 10% and 25%) had a detrimental effect on embryo development. Lower OF concentrations (1.25% and 0.625%) supported embryo development until Day 9 (27.5%) and produced higher-quality blastocysts, as reflected by their cryotolerance (53.6% and 57.7% survival at 72h, respectively, vs 25.9% in C+) and total cell number (mean (± s.e.m.) 165.1±4.7 and 156.2±4.2, respectively, vs 127.7±4.9 in C- and 143.1±4.9 in C+). Consistent with these data, upregulation of the water channel aquaporin 3 (AQP3) mRNA was observed in blastocysts supplemented with 1.25% OF compared with C- and C+. Serum supplementation resulted in a reduction in the expression of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes and downregulation of the epigenetic-related genes DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R). In conclusion, in vitro culture with low concentrations of OF has a positive effect on the development and quality of bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricaurte Lopera-Vasquez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruna Km 5.9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Meriem Hamdi
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruna Km 5.9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Veronica Maillo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruna Km 5.9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Valeriano Lloreda
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruna Km 5.9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pilar Coy
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruna Km 5.9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pablo Bermejo-Alvarez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruna Km 5.9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Rizos
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruna Km 5.9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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De Tonnac A, Karim-Luisset S, Mourot J. Effect of different dietary linseed sources on fatty acid composition in pig tissues. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays important physiological roles in vertebrates. Studies in rats and rainbow trout confirmed that DHA biosynthesis proceeds through the so-called “Sprecher pathway”, a biosynthetic process requiring a Δ6 desaturation of 24:5n−3 to 24:6n−3. Alternatively, some teleosts possess fatty acyl desaturases 2 (Fads2) that enable them to biosynthesis DHA through a more direct route termed the “Δ4 pathway”. In order to elucidate the prevalence of both pathways among teleosts, we investigated the Δ6 ability towards C24 substrates of Fads2 from fish with different evolutionary and ecological backgrounds. Subsequently, we retrieved public databases to identify Fads2 containing the YXXN domain responsible for the Δ4 desaturase function, and consequently enabling these species to operate the Δ4 pathway. We demonstrated that, with the exception of Δ4 desaturases, fish Fads2 have the ability to operate as Δ6 desaturases towards C24 PUFA enabling them to synthesise DHA through the Sprecher pathway. Nevertheless, the Δ4 pathway represents an alternative route in some teleosts and we identified the presence of putative Δ4 Fads2 in a further 11 species and confirmed the function as Δ4 desaturases of Fads2 from medaka and Nile tilapia. Our results demonstrated that two alternative pathways for DHA biosynthesis exist in teleosts.
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Consumption of Red Meat, but Not Cooking Oils High in Polyunsaturated Fat, Is Associated with Higher Arachidonic Acid Status in Singapore Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020101. [PMID: 28146136 PMCID: PMC5331532 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) status may have adverse effects on inflammation and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Concerns about high intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are based on the premise that endogenous conversion from linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) is an important source of AA, but few population-based studies have investigated dietary determinants of AA status. In this study, we examined habitual food consumption in relation to plasma concentrations of AA and other PUFAs in population-based studies. We used cross-sectional data from 269 healthy, ethnic Chinese participants (25–80 years old) with contrasting intakes of fish and red meat from the Singapore Prospective Study Program and 769 healthy participants (44–74 years old) from the Singapore Chinese Health Study as a validation set. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine PUFA intake (% energy) and food sources of PUFA (fish, red meat, poultry, soy and cooking oils) in relation to plasma PUFAs (AA, LA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3n-6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3)) concentrations. Higher intake of red meat was associated with higher plasma AA concentrations. High intake of PUFA or PUFA-rich oils was associated with higher plasma ALA but not with plasma AA. Higher intakes of soy were associated with higher ALA and fish with higher DHA and EPA concentrations. These associations were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in both studies. Red meat consumption, but not PUFA or PUFA-rich cooking oil, was associated with circulating AA suggesting that intake of pre-formed AA rather than LA is an important determinant of AA status. A diet high in fish, soy products and polyunsaturated cooking oil, and low in red meat may be associated with an optimal plasma profile of PUFA in this Chinese population.
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Zhao L, Ni Y, Yu H, Zhang P, Zhao A, Bao Y, Liu J, Chen T, Xie G, Panee J, Chen W, Rajani C, Wei R, Su M, Jia W, Jia W. Serum stearic acid/palmitic acid ratio as a potential predictor of diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obesity. FASEB J 2016; 31:1449-1460. [PMID: 28007782 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600927r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous fatty acid metabolism that results in elongation and desaturation lipid products is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we evaluated the potential of estimated elongase and desaturase activities for use as predictive markers for T2DM remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The results of a targeted metabolomics approach from 2 independent studies were used to calculate 24 serum FA concentration ratios (product/precursor). Gene expression data from an open public data set was also analyzed. In a longitudinal study of 38 obese diabetic patients with RYGB, we found higher baseline stearic acid/palmitic acid (S/P) ratio. This ratio reflects an elovl6-encoded elongase enzyme activity that has been found to be associated with greater possibility for diabetes remission after RYGB [odds ratio, 2.16 (95% CI 1.10-4.26)], after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and fasting C-peptide. Our results were validated by examination of postsurgical elovl6 gene expression in morbidly obese patients. The association of S/P with the metabolic status of obese individuals was further validated in a cross-sectional cohort of 381 participants. In summary, higher baseline S/P was associated with greater probability of diabetes remission after RYGB and may serve as a diagnostic marker in preoperative patient assessment. - Zhao, L., Ni, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, P., Zhao, A., Bao, Y., Liu, J., Chen, T., Xie, G., Panee, J., Chen, W., Rajani, C., Wei, R., Su, M., Jia, W., Jia, W. Serum stearic acid/palmitic acid ratio as a potential predictor of diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Wenlian Chen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Runmin Wei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mingming Su
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; .,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in chordates: Insights into the evolution of Fads and Elovl gene repertoire. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:25-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tan L, Li S, Zhang X, Ma F. Cloning and functional analysis of Δ6-desaturase gene and its upstream region from Mortierella sp. AGED. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:3077-3083. [PMID: 25504265 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Δ6-desaturase belonging to membrane-bound enzyme is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study aimed to clone and characterise Δ6-desaturase gene and its upstream regulatory region of Mortierella sp. AGED. RESULTS Glucose and soybean meal are best for lipid and arachidonic acid accumulation of Mortierella sp. AGED. A 1375-bp Δ6-desaturase gene AGfad6 which contains a 1275-bp open reading frame encoding 424 amino acids without signal peptide was cloned. The putative protein contained three conserved histidine-rich motifs and a conserved cytochrome b5 HPGG (H: Histine, P: Proline, G: Glycine, G: Glycine) motif, with a mass of 48.3 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.96. AGfad6 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, which exerted the effect on converting linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid. The 1712-bp upstream region contained basic transcriptional elements including TATA, GC and GATA box, putative target-binding sites for transcription factors such as TATA binding protein, transcription activator, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein, activator protein 1, alcohol dehydrogenase gene regulator 1 and metabolic regulators p40x in fungi, stress-related elements including GT-1 (light-responsive, salicylic acid-inducible), stress response element, heat stress-responsive element, which might participate in regulation of PUFAs synthesis. CONCLUSION The present finding could enable us to understand the evolution and regulatory mechanism of Δ6-desaturase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Shue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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Rioux V, Choque B, Ezanno H, Duby C, Catheline D, Legrand P. Influence of the cis-9, cis-12 and cis-15 double bond position in octadecenoic acid (18:1) isomers on the rat FADS2-catalyzed Δ6-desaturation. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 187:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Helmkampf M, Cash E, Gadau J. Evolution of the insect desaturase gene family with an emphasis on social Hymenoptera. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:456-71. [PMID: 25425561 PMCID: PMC4298175 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Desaturase genes are essential for biological processes, including lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and membrane fluidity regulation. Insect desaturases are particularly interesting for their role in chemical communication, and potential contribution to speciation, symbioses, and sociality. Here, we describe the acyl-CoA desaturase gene families of 15 insects, with a focus on social Hymenoptera. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the insect desaturases represent an ancient gene family characterized by eight subfamilies that differ strongly in their degree of conservation and frequency of gene gain and loss. Analyses of genomic organization showed that five of these subfamilies are represented in a highly microsyntenic region conserved across holometabolous insect taxa, indicating an ancestral expansion during early insect evolution. In three subfamilies, ants exhibit particularly large expansions of genes. Despite these expansions, however, selection analyses showed that desaturase genes in all insect lineages are predominantly undergoing strong purifying selection. Finally, for three expanded subfamilies, we show that ants exhibit variation in gene expression between species, and more importantly, between sexes and castes within species. This suggests functional differentiation of these genes and a role in the regulation of reproductive division of labor in ants. The dynamic pattern of gene gain and loss of acyl-CoA desaturases in ants may reflect changes in response to ecological diversification and an increased demand for chemical signal variability. This may provide an example of how gene family expansions can contribute to lineage-specific adaptations through structural and regulatory changes acting in concert to produce new adaptive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jürgen Gadau
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
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Diet-gene interactions and PUFA metabolism: a potential contributor to health disparities and human diseases. Nutrients 2014; 6:1993-2022. [PMID: 24853887 PMCID: PMC4042578 DOI: 10.3390/nu6051993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The “modern western” diet (MWD) has increased the onset and progression of chronic human diseases as qualitatively and quantitatively maladaptive dietary components give rise to obesity and destructive gene-diet interactions. There has been a three-fold increase in dietary levels of the omega-6 (n-6) 18 carbon (C18), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6), with the addition of cooking oils and processed foods to the MWD. Intense debate has emerged regarding the impact of this increase on human health. Recent studies have uncovered population-related genetic variation in the LCPUFA biosynthetic pathway (especially within the fatty acid desaturase gene (FADS) cluster) that is associated with levels of circulating and tissue PUFAs and several biomarkers and clinical endpoints of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, populations of African descent have higher frequencies of variants associated with elevated levels of arachidonic acid (ARA), CVD biomarkers and disease endpoints. Additionally, nutrigenomic interactions between dietary n-6 PUFAs and variants in genes that encode for enzymes that mobilize and metabolize ARA to eicosanoids have been identified. These observations raise important questions of whether gene-PUFA interactions are differentially driving the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases in diverse populations, and contributing to health disparities, especially in African American populations.
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Cell proliferation and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in a cell line from southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii). Lipids 2014; 49:703-14. [PMID: 24825740 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Southern bluefin tuna (SBT, Thunnus maccoyii) aquaculture is a highly valuable industry, but research on these fish is hampered by strict catch quotas and the limited success of captive breeding. To address these limitations, we have developed a SBT cell line (SBT-E1) and here we report on fatty acid metabolism in this cell line. The SBT-E1 cells proliferated well in standard Leibovitz's L-15 cell culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the source of fatty acids. Decreasing the FBS concentration decreased the cell proliferation. Addition of the C(18) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) or linoleic acid (LNA, 18:2n-6) to the cell culture medium had little effect on the proliferation of the cells, whereas addition of the long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) significantly reduced the proliferation of the cells, especially at higher concentrations and especially for DHA. Addition of vitamin E to the culture medium overcame this effect, suggesting that it was due to oxidative stress. The fatty acid profiles of the total lipid from the cells reflected those of the respective culture media with little evidence for desaturation or elongation of any of the fatty acids. The only exceptions were EPA and ARA, which showed substantial elongation to 22:5n-3 and 22:4n-6, respectively, and DHA, which was significantly enriched in the cells compared with the culture medium. The results are discussed in light of the dietary PUFA requirements of SBT in the wild and in aquaculture.
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Sun S, Zhang Z, Raina V, Pokrovskaia N, Hou D, Namdari R, Khakh K, Ratkay LG, McLaren DG, Mork M, Fu J, Ferreira S, Hubbard B, Winther MD, Dales N. Discovery of thiazolylpyridinone SCD1 inhibitors with preferential liver distribution and reduced mechanism-based adverse effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:526-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Systematic evaluation of amide bioisosteres leading to the discovery of novel and potent thiazolylimidazolidinone inhibitors of SCD1 for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:520-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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Δ-6 Desaturase substrate competition: dietary linoleic acid (18:2n-6) has only trivial effects on α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) bioconversion in the teleost rainbow trout. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57463. [PMID: 23460861 PMCID: PMC3583879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that, in vertebrates, omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compete for Δ-6 desaturase enzyme in order to be bioconverted into long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA). However, recent studies into teleost fatty acid metabolism suggest that these metabolic processes may not conform entirely to what has been previously observed in mammals and other animal models. Recent work on rainbow trout has led us to question specifically if linoleic acid (LA, 18∶2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18∶3n-3) (Δ-6 desaturase substrates) are in direct competition for access to Δ-6 desaturase. Two experimental diets were formulated with fixed levels of ALA, while LA levels were varied (high and low) to examine if increased availability of LA would result in decreased bioconversion of ALA to its LC-PUFA products through substrate competition. No significant difference in ALA metabolism towards n-3 LC-PUFA was exhibited between diets while significant differences were observed in LA metabolism towards n-6 LC-PUFA. These results are evidence for minor if any competition between substrates for Δ-6 desaturase, suggesting that, paradoxically, the activity of Δ-6 desaturase on n-3 and n-6 substrates is independent. These results call for a paradigm shift in the way we approach teleost fatty acid metabolism. The findings are also important with regard to diet formulation in the aquaculture industry as they indicate that there should be no concern for possible substrate competition between 18∶3n-3 and 18∶2n-6, when aiming at increased n-3 LC-PUFA bioconversion in vivo.
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Jiao J, Zhang Y. Transgenic Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Sustainable Biochemical Engineering Approach for Making Essential Fatty Acids in Plants and Animals. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3799-814. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300007p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute,
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and
Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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The front-end desaturase: structure, function, evolution and biotechnological use. Lipids 2011; 47:227-37. [PMID: 22009657 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are essential components of cell membranes, and are precursors for a group of hormone-like bioactive compounds (eicosanoids and docosanoids) involved in regulation of various physiological activities in animals and humans. The biosynthesis of these fatty acids involves an alternating process of fatty acid desaturation and elongation. The desaturation is catalyzed by a unique class of oxygenases called front-end desaturases that introduce double bonds between the pre-existing double bond and the carboxyl end of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The first gene encoding a front-end desaturase was cloned in 1993 from cyanobacteria. Since then, front-end desaturases have been identified and characterized from a wide range of eukaryotic species including algae, protozoa, fungi, plants and animals including humans. Unlike front-end desaturases from bacteria, those from eukaryotes are structurally characterized by the presence of an N-terminal cytochrome b₅-like domain fused to the main desaturation domain. Understanding the structure, function and evolution of front-end desaturases, as well as their roles in the biosynthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids offers the opportunity to engineer production of these fatty acids in transgenic oilseed plants for nutraceutical markets.
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Abstract
Biosynthesis of the highly biologically active long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic (ARA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, in vertebrates requires the introduction of up to three double bonds catalyzed by fatty acyl desaturases (Fad). Synthesis of ARA is achieved by Δ6 desaturation of 182n - 6 to produce 183n - 6 that is elongated to 203n - 6 followed by Δ5 desaturation. Synthesis of EPA from 183n - 3 requires the same enzymes and pathway as for ARA, but DHA synthesis reportedly requires two further elongations, a second Δ6 desaturation and a peroxisomal chain shortening step. This paper describes cDNAs, fad1 and fad2, isolated from the herbivorous, marine teleost fish (Siganus canaliculatus) with high similarity to mammalian Fad proteins. Functional characterization of the cDNAs by heterologous expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that Fad1 was a bifunctional Δ6/Δ5 Fad. Previously, functional dual specificity in vertebrates had been demonstrated for a zebrafish Danio rerio Fad and baboon Fad, so the present report suggests bifunctionality may be more widespread in vertebrates. However, Fad2 conferred on the yeast the ability to convert 225n - 3 to DHA indicating that this S. canaliculatus gene encoded an enzyme having Δ4 Fad activity. This is a unique report of a Fad with Δ4 activity in any vertebrate species and indicates that there are two possible mechanisms for DHA biosynthesis, a direct route involving elongation of EPA to 225n - 3 followed by Δ4 desaturation, as well as the more complicated pathway as described above.
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40
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Merino DM, Ma DWL, Mutch DM. Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:63. [PMID: 20565855 PMCID: PMC2914715 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid metabolism characterize many of the chronic diseases currently plaguing our society, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Thus interventions that target plasma lipid levels remain a primary goal to manage these diseases. The determinants of plasma lipid levels are multi-factorial, consisting of both genetic and lifestyle components. Recent evidence indicates that fatty acid desaturases have an important role in defining plasma and tissue lipid profiles. This review will highlight the current state-of-knowledge regarding three desaturases (Scd-1, Fads1 and Fads2) and their potential roles in disease onset and development. Although research in rodent models has provided invaluable insight into the regulation and functions of these desaturases, the extent to which murine research can be translated to humans remains unclear. Evidence emerging from human-based research demonstrates that genetic variation in human desaturase genes affects enzyme activity and, consequently, disease risk factors. Moreover, this genetic variation may have a trans-generational effect via breastfeeding. Therefore inter-individual variation in desaturase function is attributed to both genetic and lifestyle components. As such, population-based research regarding the role of desaturases on disease risk is challenged by this complex gene-lifestyle paradigm. Unravelling the contribution of each component is paramount for understanding the inter-individual variation that exists in plasma lipid profiles, and will provide crucial information to develop personalized strategies to improve health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Merino
- University of Guelph, Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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41
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Identification and characterization of a novel enzyme related to the synthesis of PUFAs derived from Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Guillou H, Zadravec D, Martin PGP, Jacobsson A. The key roles of elongases and desaturases in mammalian fatty acid metabolism: Insights from transgenic mice. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 49:186-99. [PMID: 20018209 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, elongases and desaturases play critical roles in regulating the length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids and thereby their functions and metabolic fates. In the past decade, a great deal has been learnt about these enzymes and the first part of this review summarizes our current knowledge concerning these enzymes. More recently, several transgenic mouse models lacking either an elongase (Elovl3(-/-), Elovl4(-/-), Elovl5(-/-), Elovl6(-/-)) or a desaturase (Scd-1(-/-), Scd-2(-/-), Fads2(-/-)) have been developed and the second part of this review focuses on the insights gained from studies with these mice, as well as from investigations on cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Guillou
- Integrative Toxicology and Metabolism, Pôle de Toxicologie Alimentaire, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA UR66, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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43
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Do FADS genotypes enhance our knowledge about fatty acid related phenotypes? Clin Nutr 2009; 29:277-87. [PMID: 19948371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several physiological processes, such as visual and cognitive development in early life, are dependent on the availability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Furthermore, the concentration of LC-PUFAs in phospholipids has been associated with numerous complex diseases like cardiovascular disease, atopic disease and metabolic syndrome. The level and composition of LC-PUFAs in the human body is mainly dependent on their dietary intake or on the intake of fatty acid precursors, which are endogenously elongated and desaturated to physiologically active LC-PUFAs. The delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase are the most important enzymes in this reaction cascade. In the last few years, several studies have reported an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the two desaturase encoding genes (FADS1 and FADS2) and the concentration of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. This shows that beside nutrition, genetic factors play an important role in the regulation of LC-PUFAs as well. This review focuses on current knowledge of the impact of FADS genotypes on LC-PUFA and lipid metabolism and discusses their influence on infant intellectual development, neurological conditions, metabolic disease as well as cardiovascular disease.
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Revisiting delta-6 desaturase regulation by C18 unsaturated fatty acids, depending on the nutritional status. Biochimie 2009; 91:1443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Burdge GC, Calder PC. Dietary α-linolenic acid and health-related outcomes: a metabolic perspective. Nutr Res Rev 2007; 19:26-52. [DOI: 10.1079/nrr2005113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (αLNA; 18: 3n-3) is essential in the human diet, probably because it is the substrate for the synthesis of longer-chain, more unsaturatedn-3 fatty acids, principally EPA (20: 5n-3) and DHA (22: 6n-3), which confer important biophysical properties on cell membranes and so are required for tissue function. The extent to which this molecular transformation occurs in man is controversial. The present paper reviews the recent literature on the metabolism of αLNA in man, including the use of dietary αLNA in β-oxidation, recycling of carbon by fatty acid synthesisde novoand conversion to longer-chain PUFA. Sex differences in αLNA metabolism and the possible biological consequences are discussed. Increased consumption of EPA and DHA in fish oil has a number of well-characterised beneficial effects on health. The present paper also reviews the efficacy of increased αLNA consumption in increasing the concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood and cell lipid pools, and the extent to which such dietary interventions might be protective against CVD and inflammation. Although the effects on CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers are variable, where beneficial effects have been reported these are weaker than have been achieved from increasing consumption of EPA+DHA or linoleic acid. Overall, the limited capacity for conversion to longer-chainn-3 fatty acids, and the lack of efficacy in ameliorating CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers in man suggests that increased consumption of αLNA may be of little benefit in altering EPA+DHA status or in improving health outcomes compared with other dietary interventions.
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46
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Portolesi R, Powell BC, Gibson RA. Competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for Δ6 desaturase may limit the accumulation of DHA in HepG2 cell membranes. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1592-8. [PMID: 17409318 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700081-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA. We examined this using an in vitro model of fatty acid metabolism to measure the accumulation of the long-chain metabolites of ALA in HepG2 cell phospholipids. The accumulation of ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), and 24:5n-3 in cell phospholipids was linearly related to the concentration of supplemented ALA over the range tested (1.8-72 microM). The accumulation of the post-D6D products of 22:5n-3, 24:6n-3 and DHA, in cell phospholipids was saturated at concentrations of >18 microM ALA. Supplementation of HepG2 cells with preformed DHA revealed that, although the accumulation of DHA in cell phospholipids approached saturation, the level of DHA in cell phospholipids was significantly greater compared with the accumulation of DHA from ALA, indicating that the accumulation of DHA from ALA was not limited by incorporation. The parallel pattern of accumulation of 24:6n-3 and DHA in response to increasing concentrations of ALA suggests that the competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for D6D may contribute to the limited accumulation of DHA in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Portolesi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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47
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Hsiao TY, Holmes B, Blanch HW. Identification and functional analysis of a delta-6 desaturase from the marine microalga Glossomastix chrysoplasta. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2007; 9:154-65. [PMID: 17256083 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-006-6075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A delta-6 (Delta6) desaturase gene was isolated from the marine microalga Glossomastix chrysoplasta, a stramenopile that produces large amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). A functional analysis of this gene was performed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation of the Delta6 fatty acid desaturase was achieved via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with degenerate primers designed from conserved histidine motifs and 5' and 3' RACE. Two almost identical copies of Delta6 desaturase were found, differing by nine silent mutations. The existence of two such genes may be a result of a recent gene duplication event, or may have arisen from the possible diploid nature of vegetative algae. This appears to be the first instance of two Delta6 desaturase mRNA sequences existing in the same organism. The isolated mRNA sequences and their corresponding hypothetical protein, GcDES6, were found to contain features characteristic of a membrane-bound Delta6 desaturase, including membrane-spanning regions separating conserved histidine boxes and N-terminal cytochrome b5 fusion. Heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae was used to confirm Delta6 regioselectivity and the function of GcDES6. Both omega3(18:3Delta9,12,15) and omega6(18:2Delta9,12) precursors can be used by GcDES6 in vivo with similar desaturase activity. One intron site was found in the cytochrome b5 fusion region of GcDES6. Although the conservation of intron-exon junctions has been found for several desaturases in humans and in Caenorhabditis elegans, a comparison of introns in GcDES6 and other Delta6 desaturases has not revealed any strong similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Y Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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48
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Haugaard SB, Vaag A, Høy CE, Madsbad S. Desaturation of skeletal muscle structural and depot lipids in obese individuals during a very-low-calorie diet intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:117-25. [PMID: 17228039 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether a very-lowcalorie dietary intervention (VLCD) may influence composition of skeletal muscle cell membrane phospholipid and composition and concentration of intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) in obese subjects. The working hypothesis proposed that a VLCD would decrease saturated fatty acids (FAs) and increase long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFAs) in muscular structural lipids, as such changes have been associated with improved insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained from 13 obese subjects (nine women) before and after 8 weeks on VLCD (approximately 600 to 800 kcal/d). FA composition in muscle cell membrane phospholipid and concentration and FA composition of IMTG were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Baseline BMI was 36.0 +/- 3.4 kg/m2. Weight loss was 9.3 +/- 1.1 kg (8.8 +/- 1.1%; p < 0.0001); loss of adipose tissue was 5.9 +/- 0.9 kg (p < 0.0001). Insulin resistance (by homeostasis model assessment) decreased (-44 +/- 7%; p < 0.001). Muscle cell membrane phospholipid saturated FAs decreased (-3.2 +/- 1.3%; p < 0.05), whereas monounsaturated FAs (4.3 +/- 1.7%; p < 0.05), LCPUFAs (11 +/- 6%; p < 0.05), and the ratio of LCPUFAs to saturated FAs (12 +/- 5%; p < 0.05) increased. IMTG decreased, but not significantly (-5%). IMTG-saturated FAs decreased (-3.3 +/- 1.5%; p < 0.05), whereas LCPUFAn-3 (29 +/- 9%; p < 0.01), LCPUFAn-6 (33 +/- 9%; p < 0.01), and the ratio of LCPUFAs to saturated FAs (34 +/- 8%; p < 0.001) increased. Plasma total cholesterol (-15 +/- 6%; p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-16 +/- 5%; p < 0.01), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-8 +/- 2%; p < 0.01), and plasma triglyceride (-19 +/- 12%; p = 0.10) all decreased during the VLCD. DISCUSSION Desaturation of both muscle cell membrane phospholipid and IMTG was significant but modest during a VLCD in obese subjects. Further research must delineate whether such changes in skeletal muscle structural and depot lipid composition themselves are enough to promote the observed improvements in insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen B Haugaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Steel DM, Ryd W, Ascher H, Strandvik B. Abnormal fatty acid pattern in intestinal mucosa of children with celiac disease is not reflected in serum phospholipids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43:318-23. [PMID: 16954953 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000228107.98863.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa with disturbed epithelial transport. The fatty acid (FA) composition of intestinal membranes is important for epithelial function, and disturbances may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. We aimed to evaluate whether the intestinal mucosal FA status was reflected in serum phospholipids of patients with CD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples were obtained from 7 pediatric patients with active CD showing mucosal atrophy, 6 pediatric patients with CD in remission, and 11 control pediatric patients with morphologically healthy intestinal mucosa. Small intestinal biopsies were obtained using a Watson biopsy capsule under fluoroscopic control. Blood samples were collected on the same morning after an overnight fast. Tissue phospholipids were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and FAs were analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Serum phospholipid FA showed marginal differences between the patients with CD and the controls. Significant differences were observed in mucosa with active CD compared with controls. Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) level was decreased, whereas those of its derivatives were elevated, indicating increased transformation of n-6 FA. Mead acid (20:3n-9) level was increased, with an increased ratio of Mead acid to arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) levels, suggesting essential fatty acid deficiency. The n-3 FA levels were not significantly changed. During remission, the FA pattern of the intestinal mucosa was mainly similar to that in controls. CONCLUSIONS The FA abnormality of intestinal mucosa in patients with active CD was not reflected in serum values. Altered FA content may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease because FAs are important for enzymes and for the transport and receptor functions of epithelial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M Steel
- Department of Paediatrics, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Fast high performance liquid chromatography analysis in lipidomics: Separation of radiolabelled fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine molecular species using a monolithic C18 silica column. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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