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Grisetti L, Garcia CJC, Saponaro AA, Tiribelli C, Pascut D. The role of Aurora kinase A in hepatocellular carcinoma: Unveiling the intriguing functions of a key but still underexplored factor in liver cancer. Cell Prolif 2024:e13641. [PMID: 38590119 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) plays a central role as a serine/threonine kinase in regulating cell cycle progression and mitotic functions. Over the years, extensive research has revealed the multifaceted roles of AURKA in cancer development and progression. AURKA's dysregulation is frequently observed in various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its overexpression in HCC has been associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor clinical outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the molecular mechanisms underlying AURKA expression in HCC and its functional implications in cell migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, stemness, and drug resistance. This work focuses on the clinical significance of AURKA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. High levels of AURKA expression have been correlated with shorter overall and disease-free survival in various cohorts, highlighting its potential utility as a sensitive prognostic indicator. Recent insights into AURKA's role in modulating the tumour microenvironment, particularly immune cell recruitment, may provide valuable information for personalized treatment strategies. AURKA's critical involvement in modulating cellular pathways and its overexpression in cancer makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapies. This review discusses the evidence about novel and selective AURKA inhibitors for more effective treatments for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grisetti
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Clarissa J C Garcia
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna A Saponaro
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
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Treekitkarnmongkol W, Solis LM, Sankaran D, Gagea M, Singh PK, Mistry R, Nguyen T, Kai K, Liu J, Sasai K, Jitsumori Y, Liu J, Nagao N, Stossi F, Mancini MA, Wistuba II, Thompson AM, Lee JM, Cadiñanos J, Wong KK, Abbott CM, Sahin AA, Liu S, Katayama H, Sen S. eEF1A2 promotes PTEN-GSK3β-SCF complex-dependent degradation of Aurora kinase A and is inactivated in breast cancer. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh4475. [PMID: 38442201 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The translation elongation factor eEF1A promotes protein synthesis. Its methylation by METTL13 increases its activity, supporting tumor growth. However, in some cancers, a high abundance of eEF1A isoforms is associated with a good prognosis. Here, we found that eEF1A2 exhibited oncogenic or tumor-suppressor functions depending on its interaction with METTL13 or the phosphatase PTEN, respectively. METTL13 and PTEN competed for interaction with eEF1A2 in the same structural domain. PTEN-bound eEF1A2 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of the mitosis-promoting Aurora kinase A in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. eEF1A2 bridged the interactions between the SKP1-CUL1-FBXW7 (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex, the kinase GSK3β, and Aurora-A, thereby facilitating the phosphorylation of Aurora-A in a degron site that was recognized by FBXW7. Genetic ablation of Eef1a2 or Pten in mice resulted in a greater abundance of Aurora-A and increased cell cycling in mammary tumors, which was corroborated in breast cancer tissues from patients. Reactivating this pathway using fimepinostat, which relieves inhibitory signaling directed at PTEN and increases FBXW7 expression, combined with inhibiting Aurora-A with alisertib, suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation in culture and tumor growth in vivo. The findings demonstrate a therapeutically exploitable, tumor-suppressive role for eEF1A2 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warapen Treekitkarnmongkol
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deivendran Sankaran
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ragini Mistry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tristian Nguyen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazuharu Kai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Kaori Sasai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Jitsumori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Norio Nagao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, 727-0023, Japan
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Juan Cadiñanos
- Fundación Centro Médico de Asturias, 33193 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA), 33193 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catherine M Abbott
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hiroshi Katayama
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kumari P, Beeraka NM, Tengli A, Bannimath G, Baath RK, Patil M. Recent Updates on Oncogenic Signaling of Aurora Kinases in Chemosensitive, Chemoresistant Cancers: Novel Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Aurora Kinases. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3502-3528. [PMID: 37138483 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503124408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Aurora Kinase family (AKI) is composed of serine-threonine protein kinases involved in the modulation of the cell cycle and mitosis. These kinases are required for regulating the adherence of hereditary-related data. Members of this family can be categorized into aurora kinase A (Ark-A), aurora kinase B (Ark-B), and aurora kinase C (Ark-C), consisting of highly conserved threonine protein kinases. These kinases can modulate cell processes such as spindle assembly, checkpoint pathway, and cytokinesis during cell division. The main aim of this review is to explore recent updates on the oncogenic signaling of aurora kinases in chemosensitive/chemoresistant cancers and to explore the various medicinal chemistry approaches to target these kinases. We searched Pubmed, Scopus, NLM, Pubchem, and Relemed to obtain information pertinent to the updated signaling role of aurora kinases and medicinal chemistry approaches and discussed the recently updated roles of each aurora kinases and their downstream signaling cascades in the progression of several chemosensitive/chemoresistant cancers; subsequently, we discussed the natural products (scoulerine, Corynoline, Hesperidin Jadomycin-B, fisetin), and synthetic, medicinal chemistry molecules as aurora kinase inhibitors (AKIs). Several natural products' efficacy was explained as AKIs in chemosensitization and chemoresistant cancers. For instance, novel triazole molecules have been used against gastric cancer, whereas cyanopyridines are used against colorectal cancer and trifluoroacetate derivatives could be used for esophageal cancer. Furthermore, quinolone hydrazine derivatives can be used to target breast cancer and cervical cancer. In contrast, the indole derivatives can be preferred to target oral cancer whereas thiosemicarbazone-indole could be used against prostate cancer, as reported in an earlier investigation against cancerous cells. Moreover, these chemical derivatives can be examined as AKIs through preclinical studies. In addition, the synthesis of novel AKIs through these medicinal chemistry substrates in the laboratory using in silico and synthetic routes could be beneficial to develop prospective novel AKIs to target chemoresistant cancers. This study is beneficial to oncologists, chemists, and medicinal chemists to explore novel chemical moiety synthesis to target specifically the peptide sequences of aurora kinases in several chemoresistant cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha Murthy Beeraka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anandkumar Tengli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurupadayya Bannimath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur Baath
- Department of Pharmaceautics, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, NH-24 Delhi Road, Moradabad 244102, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayuri Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Li J, Qi Y, Li B, Liu Y, Yang K, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Du E. STIL/AURKA axis promotes cell proliferation by influencing primary cilia formation in bladder cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:281. [PMID: 37101292 PMCID: PMC10131372 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cilia (PC) is a microtubule-based and nonmotile organelle which protrudes from the surface of almost all mammalian cells. At present, PC has been found to be a deficiency or loss in multiple cancers. Restoring PC could be a novel targeting therapy strategy. Our research showed that PC was reduced in human bladder cancer (BLCA) cells, and PC deficiency promotes cell proliferation. However, the concrete mechanisms remain unknown. SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL), a PC-related protein, was screened in our previous study and could influence the cell cycle by regulating PC in tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of STIL for PC to explore the underlying mechanism of PC in BLCA. METHODS Public database analysis, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to screen genes and explore gene expression alteration. Immunofluorescence and western blot were utilized to investigate PC. Wound healing assay, clone formation assay, and CCK-8 assay were used to explore cell migration, growth, and proliferation. The co-immunoprecipitation and western blot were employed to reveal the interaction of STIL and AURKA. RESULTS We found that high STIL expression is correlated with poor outcomes of BLCA patients. Further analysis revealed that STIL overexpression could inhibit PC formation, activate SHH signaling pathways, and promote cell proliferation. In contrast, STIL-knockdown could promote PC formation, inactivate SHH signaling, and inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the regulatory functions of STIL for PC depend on AURKA. STIL could influence proteasome activity and maintain AURKA stabilization. AURKA-knockdown could reverse PC deficiency caused by STIL overexpression for PC in BLCA cells. We observed that co-knockdown in STIL and AURKA significantly enhanced PC assembly. CONCLUSION In summary, our result provides a potential therapy target for BLCA based on the restoration of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjiong Qi
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - E Du
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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STYK1/NOK affects cell cycle late mitosis and directly interacts with anaphase-promoting complex activator CDH1. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12058. [PMID: 36506394 PMCID: PMC9732331 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel oncogene STYK1/NOK plays critical roles in cancer development. However, its regulation during cell division is less defined. In this paper, we show that over-expression of STYK1/NOK caused mitotic arrest and cytokinesis defects. The protein level of STYK/NOK fluctuated during the cell cycle, with a peak at mitosis and a quick reduction upon mitotic exit. The cell cycle-related expression pattern of STYK1/NOK resembled the one of aurora kinases and polo-like kinase 1. Depletion of APC3 led to accumulation of STYK1/NOK and to the G2/M arrest. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment demonstrated the direct interaction of STYK1/NOK with CDH1. Overexpression of CDH1 shortened the half-life of STYK1/NOK. The kinase domain, but not the five D boxes, of STYK1/NOK was responsible for the interaction with CDH1. Altogether, our data demonstrated for the first time that STYK1/NOK could affect cell division, probably by directly targeting key components of APC/C such as CDH1 at late mitosis. Current study may provide a vital mechanistic clue for understanding the roles of STYK1/NOK in mitosis and cytokinesis during STYK1NOK mediated genomic instability and oncogenesis.
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Zhai F, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The functions and effects of CUL3-E3 ligases mediated non-degradative ubiquitination. Gene X 2022; 832:146562. [PMID: 35580799 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of substrates usually have two fates: one is degraded by 26S proteasome, and the other is non-degradative ubiquitination modification which is associated with cell cycle regulation, chromosome inactivation, protein transportation, tumorigenesis, achondroplasia, and neurological diseases. Cullin3 (CUL3), a scaffold protein, binding with the Bric-a-Brac-Tramtrack-Broad-complex (BTB) domain of substrates recognition adaptor and RING-finger protein 1 (RBX1) form ubiquitin ligases (E3). Based on the current researches, this review has summarized the functions and effects of CUL3-E3 ligases mediated non-degradative ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Zhai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Pérez-Fidalgo JA, Gambardella V, Pineda B, Burgues O, Piñero O, Cervantes A. Aurora kinases in ovarian cancer. ESMO Open 2021; 5:e000718. [PMID: 33087400 PMCID: PMC7580081 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases (AURK) are key regulators of the mitotic spindle formation. AURK is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer and this overexpression has been frequently associated with prognosis in these tumours. Interestingly, AURK have been shown to interact with DNA repair mechanisms and other cell cycle regulators. These functions have brought light to Aurora family as a potential target for anticancer therapy. In the last years, two clinical trials with different AURK inhibitors have shown activity in epithelial and clear-cell ovarian cancer. Although there is a lack of predictive factors of AURK inhibition activity, recent trials have identified some candidates. This review will focus in the functions of the AURK family, its role as prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute, INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Valentina Gambardella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute, INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgues
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Valencai, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Piñero
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Mou PK, Yang EJ, Shi C, Ren G, Tao S, Shim JS. Aurora kinase A, a synthetic lethal target for precision cancer medicine. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:835-847. [PMID: 34050264 PMCID: PMC8178373 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and data science have facilitated the development of precision medicine to treat cancer patients. Synthetic lethality is one of the core methodologies employed in precision cancer medicine. Synthetic lethality describes the phenomenon of the interplay between two genes in which deficiency of a single gene does not abolish cell viability but combined deficiency of two genes leads to cell death. In cancer treatment, synthetic lethality is leveraged to exploit the dependency of cancer cells on a pathway that is essential for cell survival when a tumor suppressor is mutated. This approach enables pharmacological targeting of mutant tumor suppressors that are theoretically undruggable. Successful clinical introduction of BRCA-PARP synthetic lethality in cancer treatment led to additional discoveries of novel synthetic lethal partners of other tumor suppressors, including p53, PTEN, and RB1, using high-throughput screening. Recent work has highlighted aurora kinase A (AURKA) as a synthetic lethal partner of multiple tumor suppressors. AURKA is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a number of central biological processes, such as the G2/M transition, mitotic spindle assembly, and DNA replication. This review introduces synthetic lethal interactions between AURKA and its tumor suppressor partners and discusses the potential of AURKA inhibitors in precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Kei Mou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Changxiang Shi
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guowen Ren
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shishi Tao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China. .,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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9
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Sankhe K, Prabhu A, Khan T. Design strategies, SAR, and mechanistic insight of Aurora kinase inhibitors in cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:73-93. [PMID: 33934503 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinases (AURKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play a critical role during cell proliferation. Three isoforms of AURKs reported in mammals include AURKA, AURKB, AURKC, and all share a similar C-terminal catalytic domain with differences in their subcellular location, substrate specificity, and function. Recent research reports indicate an elevated expression of these kinases in several cancer types highlighting their role as oncogenes in tumorigenesis. Inhibition of AURKs is an attractive strategy to design potent inhibitors modulating this target. The last few years have witnessed immense research in the development of AURK inhibitors with few FDA approvals. The current clinical therapeutic regime in cancer is associated with severe side-effects and emerging resistance to existing drugs. This has been the key driver of research initiatives toward designing more potent drugs that can potentially circumvent the emerging resistance. This review is a comprehensive summary of recent research on AURK inhibitors and presents the development of scaffolds, their synthetic schemes, structure-activity relationships, biological activity, and enzyme inhibition potential. We hope to provide the reader with an array of scaffolds that can be selected for further research work and mechanistic studies in the development of new AURK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaksha Sankhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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10
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Du R, Huang C, Liu K, Li X, Dong Z. Targeting AURKA in Cancer: molecular mechanisms and opportunities for Cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:15. [PMID: 33451333 PMCID: PMC7809767 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA) belongs to the family of serine/threonine kinases, whose activation is necessary for cell division processes via regulation of mitosis. AURKA shows significantly higher expression in cancer tissues than in normal control tissues for multiple tumor types according to the TCGA database. Activation of AURKA has been demonstrated to play an important role in a wide range of cancers, and numerous AURKA substrates have been identified. AURKA-mediated phosphorylation can regulate the functions of AURKA substrates, some of which are mitosis regulators, tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In addition, enrichment of AURKA-interacting proteins with KEGG pathway and GO analysis have demonstrated that these proteins are involved in classic oncogenic pathways. All of this evidence favors the idea of AURKA as a target for cancer therapy, and some small molecules targeting AURKA have been discovered. These AURKA inhibitors (AKIs) have been tested in preclinical studies, and some of them have been subjected to clinical trials as monotherapies or in combination with classic chemotherapy or other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Chuntian Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,College of medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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11
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Dang F, Nie L, Wei W. Ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:427-438. [PMID: 33130827 PMCID: PMC7862229 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is a tightly regulated process by which DNA replicates and cell reproduces. The major driving force underlying cell cycle progression is the sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which is achieved in part by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of their cyclin partners and kinase inhibitors (CKIs). In eukaryotic cells, two families of E3 ubiquitin ligases, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex, are responsible for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of many of these CDK regulators, ensuring cell cycle progresses in a timely and precisely regulated manner. In the past couple of decades, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that the dysregulated cell cycle transition caused by inefficient proteolytic control leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and finally results in tumorigenesis. Based upon this notion, targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle regulation is expected to provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the diversity and complexity of ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle regulation will shed new light on the precise control of the cell cycle progression and guide anticancer drug development. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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12
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Abdelbaki A, Akman HB, Poteau M, Grant R, Gavet O, Guarguaglini G, Lindon C. AURKA destruction is decoupled from its activity at mitotic exit but is essential to suppress interphase activity. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243071. [PMID: 32393600 PMCID: PMC7328152 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of AURKA is controlled through multiple mechanisms including phosphorylation, ubiquitin-mediated degradation and allosteric interaction with TPX2. Activity peaks at mitosis, before AURKA is degraded during and after mitotic exit in a process strictly dependent on the APC/C coactivator FZR1. We used FZR1 knockout cells (FZR1KO) and a novel FRET-based AURKA biosensor to investigate how AURKA activity is regulated in the absence of destruction. We found that AURKA activity in FZR1KO cells dropped at mitotic exit as rapidly as in parental cells, despite absence of AURKA destruction. Unexpectedly, TPX2 was degraded normally in FZR1KO cells. Overexpression of an N-terminal TPX2 fragment sufficient for AURKA binding, but that is not degraded at mitotic exit, caused delay in AURKA inactivation. We conclude that inactivation of AURKA at mitotic exit is determined not by AURKA degradation but by degradation of TPX2 and therefore is dependent on CDC20 rather than FZR1. The biosensor revealed that FZR1 instead suppresses AURKA activity in interphase and is critically required for assembly of the interphase mitochondrial network after mitosis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelbaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - H Begum Akman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Marion Poteau
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR9019 - CNRS, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Rhys Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Olivier Gavet
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR9019 - CNRS, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
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13
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Kimata Y. APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase: Coupling Cellular Differentiation to G1/G0 Phase in Multicellular Systems. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:591-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The WD40 domain is one of the most abundant and interacting domains in the eukaryotic genome. In proteins the WD domain folds into a β-propeller structure, providing a platform for the interaction and assembly of several proteins into a signalosome. WD40 repeats containing proteins, in lower eukaryotes, are mainly involved in growth, cell cycle, development and virulence, while in higher organisms, they play an important role in diverse cellular functions like signal transduction, cell cycle control, intracellular transport, chromatin remodelling, cytoskeletal organization, apoptosis, development, transcriptional regulation, immune responses. To play the regulatory role in various processes, they act as a scaffold for protein-protein or protein-DNA interaction. So far, no WD40 domain has been identified with intrinsic enzymatic activity. Several WD40 domain-containing proteins have been recently characterized in prokaryotes as well. The review summarizes the vast array of functions performed by different WD40 domain containing proteins, their domain organization and functional conservation during the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi Prakash Jain
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Shweta Pandey
- APSGMNS Govt P G College, Kawardha, Chhattisgarh, 491995, India
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15
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Roy A, Veroli MV, Prasad S, Wang QJ. Protein Kinase D2 Modulates Cell Cycle By Stabilizing Aurora A Kinase at Centrosomes. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1785-1797. [PMID: 30018032 PMCID: PMC9923726 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A kinase (AURKA) is a master cell-cycle regulator that is often dysregulated in human cancers. Its overexpression has been associated with genome instability and oncogenic transformation. The protein kinase D (PKD) family is an emerging therapeutic target of cancer. Aberrant PKD activation has been implicated in tumor growth and survival, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study identified, for the first time, a functional crosstalk between PKD2 and Aurora A kinase in cancer cells. The data demonstrate that PKD2 is catalytically active during the G2-M phases of the cell cycle, and inactivation or depletion of PKD2 causes delay in mitotic entry due to downregulation of Aurora A, an effect that can be rescued by overexpression of Aurora A. Moreover, PKD2 localizes in the centrosome with Aurora A by binding to γ-tubulin. Knockdown of PKD2 caused defects in centrosome separation, elongated G2 phase, mitotic catastrophe, and eventually cell death via apoptosis. Mechanistically, PKD2 interferes with Fbxw7 function to protect Aurora A from ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent degradation. Taken together, these results identify PKD as a cell-cycle checkpoint kinase that positively modulates G2-M transition through Aurora A kinase in mammalian cells.Implications: PKD2 is a novel cell-cycle regulator that promotes G2-M transition by modulating Aurora A kinase stability in cancer cells and suggests the PKD2/Aurora A kinase regulatory axis as new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1785-97. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Veroli
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Immunotherapeutics, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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16
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Huang HT, Dobrovolsky D, Paulk J, Yang G, Weisberg EL, Doctor ZM, Buckley DL, Cho JH, Ko E, Jang J, Shi K, Choi HG, Griffin JD, Li Y, Treon SP, Fischer ES, Bradner JE, Tan L, Gray NS. A Chemoproteomic Approach to Query the Degradable Kinome Using a Multi-kinase Degrader. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 25:88-99.e6. [PMID: 29129717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterobifunctional molecules that recruit E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as cereblon, for targeted protein degradation represent an emerging pharmacological strategy. A major unanswered question is how generally applicable this strategy is to all protein targets. In this study, we designed a multi-kinase degrader by conjugating a highly promiscuous kinase inhibitor with a cereblon-binding ligand, and used quantitative proteomics to discover 28 kinases, including BTK, PTK2, PTK2B, FLT3, AURKA, AURKB, TEC, ULK1, ITK, and nine members of the CDK family, as degradable. This set of kinases is only a fraction of the intracellular targets bound by the degrader, demonstrating that successful degradation requires more than target engagement. The results guided us to develop selective degraders for FLT3 and BTK, with potentials to improve disease treatment. Together, this study demonstrates an efficient approach to triage a gene family of interest to identify readily degradable targets for further studies and pre-clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tsang Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis Dobrovolsky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshiawa Paulk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Bing Center for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen L Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zainab M Doctor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L Buckley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joong-Heui Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Eunhwa Ko
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Steven P Treon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Bing Center for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Tang A, Gao K, Chu L, Zhang R, Yang J, Zheng J. Aurora kinases: novel therapy targets in cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23937-23954. [PMID: 28147341 PMCID: PMC5410356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases, a family of serine/threonine kinases, consisting of Aurora A (AURKA), Aurora B (AURKB) and Aurora C (AURKC), are essential kinases for cell division via regulating mitosis especially the process of chromosomal segregation. Besides regulating mitosis, Aurora kinases have been implicated in regulating meiosis. The deletion of Aurora kinases could lead to failure of cell division and impair the embryonic development. Overexpression or gene amplification of Aurora kinases has been clarified in a number of cancers. And a growing number of studies have demonstrated that inhibition of Aurora kinases could potentiate the effect of chemotherapies. For the past decades, a series of Aurora kinases inhibitors (AKIs) developed effectively repress the progression and growth of many cancers both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that Aurora kinases could be a novel therapeutic target. In this review, we'll first briefly present the structure, localization and physiological functions of Aurora kinases in mitosis, then describe the oncogenic role of Aurora kinases in tumorigenesis, we shall finally discuss the outcomes of AKIs combination with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqun Tang
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyu Gao
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laili Chu
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Targeting of Fzr/Cdh1 for timely activation of the APC/C at the centrosome during mitotic exit. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12607. [PMID: 27558644 PMCID: PMC5007356 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), regulates critical cellular processes including the cell cycle. To accomplish its diverse functions, APC/C activity must be precisely regulated in time and space. The interphase APC/C activator Fizzy-related (Fzr or Cdh1) is localized at centrosomes in animal cells. However, neither the mechanism of its localization nor its importance is clear. Here we identify the centrosome component Spd2 as a major partner of Fzr in Drosophila. The localization of Fzr to the centriole during interphase depends on direct interaction with Spd2. By generating Spd2 mutants unable to bind Fzr, we show that centrosomal localization of Fzr is essential for optimal APC/C activation towards its centrosomal substrate Aurora A. Finally, we show that Spd2 is also a novel APC/CFzr substrate. Our study is the first to demonstrate the critical importance of distinct subcellular pools of APC/C activators in the spatiotemporal control of APC/C activity. The activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) needs to be regulated in time and space to perform different functions. Here the authors show that Spd2 localizes the APC/C activator Fzr at the centrosomes to promote optimal APC/C activity towards its centrosomal substrate Aurora A.
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19
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Duhamel S, Girondel C, Dorn JF, Tanguay PL, Voisin L, Smits R, Maddox PS, Meloche S. Deregulated ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling promotes aneuploidy by a Fbxw7β-Aurora A pathway. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1631-42. [PMID: 27152455 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1183851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a common feature of human solid tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis. There is growing evidence that oncogenic signaling pathways, which are universally dysregulated in cancer, contribute to the promotion of aneuploidy. However, the mechanisms connecting signaling pathways to the execution of mitosis and cytokinesis are not well understood. Here, we show that hyperactivation of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway in epithelial cells impairs cytokinesis, leading to polyploidization and aneuploidy. Mechanistically, deregulated ERK1/2 signaling specifically downregulates expression of the F-box protein Fbxw7β, a substrate-binding subunit of the SCF(Fbxw7) ubiquitin ligase, resulting in the accumulation of the mitotic kinase Aurora A. Reduction of Aurora A levels by RNA interference or pharmacological inhibition of MEK1/2 reverts the defect in cytokinesis and decreases the frequency of abnormal cell divisions induced by oncogenic H-Ras(V12). Reciprocally, overexpression of Aurora A or silencing of Fbxw7β phenocopies the effect of H-Ras(V12) on cell division. In vivo, conditional activation of MEK2 in the mouse intestine lowers Fbxw7β expression, resulting in the accumulation of cells with enlarged nuclei. We propose that the ERK1/2/ Fbxw7β/Aurora A axis identified in this study contributes to genomic instability and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Duhamel
- a Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada.,b Program of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Charlotte Girondel
- a Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada.,c Department of Pharmacology , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Jonas F Dorn
- a Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Tanguay
- a Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Laure Voisin
- a Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Ron Smits
- d Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Paul S Maddox
- a Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada.,e Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- a Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada.,b Program of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada.,c Department of Pharmacology , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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20
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Lindon C, Grant R, Min M. Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of Aurora Kinases. Front Oncol 2016; 5:307. [PMID: 26835416 PMCID: PMC4716142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinases are essential regulators of mitosis in eukaryotes. In somatic cell divisions of higher eukaryotes, the paralogs Aurora kinase A (AurA) and Aurora kinase B (AurB) play non-overlapping roles that depend on their distinct spatiotemporal activities. These mitotic roles of Aurora kinases depend on their interactions with different partners that direct them to different mitotic destinations and different substrates: AurB is a component of the chromosome passenger complex that orchestrates the tasks of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, while AurA has many known binding partners and mitotic roles, including a well-characterized interaction with TPX2 that mediates its role in mitotic spindle assembly. Beyond the spatial control conferred by different binding partners, Aurora kinases are subject to temporal control of their activation and inactivation. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is a critical route to irreversible inactivation of these kinases, which must occur for ordered transition from mitosis back to interphase. Both AurA and AurB undergo targeted proteolysis after anaphase onset as substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase, even while they continue to regulate steps during mitotic exit. Temporal control of Aurora kinase destruction ensures that AurB remains active at the midbody during cytokinesis long after AurA activity has been largely eliminated from the cell. Differential destruction of Aurora kinases is achieved despite the fact that they are targeted at the same time and by the same ubiquitin ligase, making these substrates an interesting case study for investigating molecular determinants of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in higher eukaryotes. The prevalence of Aurora overexpression in cancers and their potential as therapeutic targets add importance to the task of understanding the molecular determinants of Aurora kinase stability. Here, we review what is known about ubiquitin-mediated targeting of these critical mitotic regulators and discuss the different factors that contribute to proteolytic control of Aurora kinase activity in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Rhys Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Mingwei Min
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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21
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Tsunematsu T, Arakaki R, Yamada A, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. The Non-Canonical Role of Aurora-A in DNA Replication. Front Oncol 2015; 5:187. [PMID: 26380219 PMCID: PMC4548192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A is a well-known mitotic kinase that regulates mitotic entry, spindle formation, and chromosome maturation as a canonical role. During mitosis, Aurora-A protein is stabilized by its phosphorylation at Ser51 via blocking anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-mediated proteolysis. Importantly, overexpression and/or hyperactivation of Aurora-A is involved in tumorigenesis via aneuploidy and genomic instability. Recently, the novel function of Aurora-A for DNA replication has been revealed. In mammalian cells, DNA replication is strictly regulated for preventing over-replication. Pre-replication complex (pre-RC) formation is required for DNA replication as an initiation step occurring at the origin of replication. The timing of pre-RC formation depends on the protein level of geminin, which is controlled by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Aurora-A phosphorylates geminin to prevent its ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis at the mitotic phase to ensure proper pre-RC formation and ensuing DNA replication. In this review, we introduce the novel non-canonical role of Aurora-A in DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
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22
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Lafranchi L, de Boer HR, de Vries EGE, Ong SE, Sartori AA, van Vugt MATM. APC/C(Cdh1) controls CtIP stability during the cell cycle and in response to DNA damage. EMBO J 2014; 33:2860-79. [PMID: 25349192 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms for responding to DNA damage to maintain genome stability and prevent carcinogenesis. For instance, the cell cycle can be arrested at different stages to allow time for DNA repair. The APC/C(C) (dh1) ubiquitin ligase mainly regulates mitotic exit but is also implicated in the DNA damage-induced G2 arrest. However, it is currently unknown whether APC/C(C) (dh1) also contributes to DNA repair. Here, we show that Cdh1 depletion causes increased levels of genomic instability and enhanced sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Using an integrated proteomics and bioinformatics approach, we identify CtIP, a DNA-end resection factor, as a novel APC/C(C) (dh1) target. CtIP interacts with Cdh1 through a conserved KEN box, mutation of which impedes ubiquitylation and downregulation of CtIP both during G1 and after DNA damage in G2. Finally, we find that abrogating the CtIP-Cdh1 interaction results in delayed CtIP clearance from DNA damage foci, increased DNA-end resection, and reduced homologous recombination efficiency. Combined, our results highlight the impact of APC/C(C) (dh1) on the maintenance of genome integrity and show that this is, at least partially, achieved by controlling CtIP stability in a cell cycle- and DNA damage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lafranchi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harmen R de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Neumayer G, Belzil C, Gruss OJ, Nguyen MD. TPX2: of spindle assembly, DNA damage response, and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3027-47. [PMID: 24556998 PMCID: PMC11114040 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For more than 15 years, TPX2 has been studied as a factor critical for mitosis and spindle assembly. These functions of TPX2 are attributed to its Ran-regulated microtubule-associated protein properties and to its control of the Aurora A kinase. Overexpressed in cancers, TPX2 is being established as marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of malignancies. During interphase, TPX2 resides preferentially in the nucleus where its function had remained elusive until recently. The latest finding that TPX2 plays a role in amplification of the DNA damage response, combined with the characterization of TPX2 knockout mice, open new perspectives to understand the biology of this protein. This review provides an historic overview of the discovery of TPX2 and summarizes its cytoskeletal and signaling roles with relevance to cancer therapies. Finally, the review aims to reconcile discrepancies between the experimental and pathological effects of TPX2 overexpression and advances new roles for compartmentalized TPX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Neumayer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada,
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24
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Jia L, Lee HS, Wu CF, Kundu J, Park SG, Kim RN, Wang LH, Erkin ÖC, Choi JS, Chae SW, Yang HB, Choi YL, Shin YK. SMAD4 suppresses AURKA-induced metastatic phenotypes via degradation of AURKA in a TGFβ-independent manner. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1779-95. [PMID: 25061104 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SMAD4 has been suggested to inhibit the activity of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in cancer. However, the mechanism by which SMAD4 antagonizes WNT/β-catenin signaling in cancer remains largely unknown. Aurora A kinase (AURKA), which is frequently overexpressed in cancer, increases the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) complex by stabilizing β-catenin through the inhibition of GSK-3β. Here, SMAD4 modulated AURKA in a TGFβ-independent manner. Overexpression of SMAD4 significantly suppressed AURKA function, including colony formation, migration, and invasion of cell lines. In addition, SMAD4 bound to AURKA induced degradation of AURKA by the proteasome. A luciferase activity assay revealed that the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/TCF complex was elevated by AURKA, but decreased by SMAD4 overexpression. Moreover, target gene analysis showed that SMAD4 abrogated the AURKA-mediated increase of β-catenin target genes. However, this inhibitory effect of SMAD4 was abolished by overexpression of AURKA or silencing of AURKA in SMAD4-overexpressed cells. Meanwhile, the SMAD4-mediated repression of AURKA and β-catenin was independent of TGFβ signaling because blockage of TGFβR1 or restoration of TGFβ signaling did not prevent suppression of AURKA and β-catenin signaling by SMAD4. These results indicate that the tumor-suppressive function of SMAD4 is mediated by downregulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity via AURKA degradation in a TGFβ-independent manner. IMPLICATIONS SMAD4 interacts with AURKA and antagonizes its tumor-promoting potential, thus demonstrating a novel mechanism of tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hun Seok Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juthika Kundu
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Gyuggido, Korea
| | - Ryong Nam Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Li-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Özgür Cem Erkin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Science and Technology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jong-Sun Choi
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung Wan Chae
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Bin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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APC/C is an essential regulator of centrosome clustering. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3686. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Goldenson B, Crispino JD. The aurora kinases in cell cycle and leukemia. Oncogene 2014; 34:537-45. [PMID: 24632603 PMCID: PMC4167158 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Aurora kinases, which include Aurora A (AURKA), Aurora B (AURKB) and Aurora C (AURKC), are serine/threonine kinases required for the control of mitosis (AURKA and AURKB) and meiosis (AURKC). Since their discovery nearly 20 years ago, Aurora kinases have been studied extensively in cell and cancer biology. Several early studies found that Aurora kinases are amplified and overexpressed at the transcript and protein level in various malignancies, including several types of leukemia. These discoveries and others provided a rationale for the development of small-molecule inhibitors of Aurora kinases as leukemia therapies. The first generation of Aurora kinase inhibitors did not fare well in clinical trials, owing to poor efficacy and high toxicity. However, the creation of second-generation, highly selective Aurora kinase inhibitors has increased the enthusiasm for targeting these proteins in leukemia. This review will describe the functions of each Aurora kinase, summarize their involvement in leukemia and discuss inhibitor development and efficacy in leukemia clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Goldenson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Min M, Mayor U, Lindon C. Ubiquitination site preferences in anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) substrates. Open Biol 2013; 3:130097. [PMID: 24004664 PMCID: PMC3787748 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ordered progression of mitosis requires precise control in abundance of mitotic regulators. The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase plays a key role by directing ubiquitin-mediated destruction of targets in a temporally and spatially defined manner. Specificity in APC/C targeting is conferred through recognition of substrate D-box and KEN degrons, while the specificity of ubiquitination sites, as another possible regulated dimension, has not yet been explored. Here, we present the first analysis of ubiquitination sites in the APC/C substrate ubiquitome. We show that KEN is a preferred ubiquitin acceptor in APC/C substrates and that acceptor sites are enriched in predicted disordered regions and flanked by serine residues. Our experimental data confirm a role for the KEN lysine as an ubiquitin acceptor contributing to substrate destruction during mitotic progression. Using Aurora A and Nek2 kinases as examples, we show that phosphorylation on the flanking serine residue could directly regulate ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrates. We propose a novel layer of regulation in substrate ubiquitination, via phosphorylation adjacent to the KEN motif, in APC/C-mediated targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Min
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ugo Mayor
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801-A, Derio 48160, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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28
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Moustafa-Kamal M, Gamache I, Lu Y, Li S, Teodoro JG. BimEL is phosphorylated at mitosis by Aurora A and targeted for degradation by βTrCP1. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1393-403. [PMID: 23912711 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) is a pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 family member implicated in numerous apoptotic stimuli. In particular, Bim is required for cell death mediated by antimitotic agents, however, mitotic regulation of Bim remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the major splice variant of Bim, BimEL, is regulated during mitosis by the Aurora A kinase and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). We observed that BimEL is phosphorylated by Aurora A early in mitosis and reversed by PP2A after mitotic exit. Aurora A phosphorylation stimulated binding of BimEL to the F-box protein beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase and promoted ubiquitination and degradation of BimEL. These findings describe a novel mechanism by which the oncogenic kinase Aurora A promotes cell survival during mitosis by downregulating proapoptotic signals. Notably, we observed that knockdown of Bim significantly increased resistance of cells to the Aurora A inhibitor MLN8054. Inhibitors of Aurora A are currently under investigation as cancer chemotherapeutics and our findings suggest that efficacy of this class of drugs may function in part by enhancing apoptotic activity of BimEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moustafa-Kamal
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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29
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Ice RJ, McLaughlin SL, Livengood RH, Culp MV, Eddy ER, Ivanov AV, Pugacheva EN. NEDD9 depletion destabilizes Aurora A kinase and heightens the efficacy of Aurora A inhibitors: implications for treatment of metastatic solid tumors. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3168-80. [PMID: 23539442 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A kinase (AURKA) is overexpressed in 96% of human cancers and is considered an independent marker of poor prognosis. While the majority of tumors have elevated levels of AURKA protein, few have AURKA gene amplification, implying that posttranscriptional mechanisms regulating AURKA protein levels are significant. Here, we show that NEDD9, a known activator of AURKA, is directly involved in AURKA stability. Analysis of a comprehensive breast cancer tissue microarray revealed a tight correlation between the expression of both proteins, significantly corresponding with increased prognostic value. A decrease in AURKA, concomitant with increased ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation, occurs due to depletion or knockout of NEDD9. Reexpression of wild-type NEDD9 was sufficient to rescue the observed phenomenon. Binding of NEDD9 to AURKA is critical for AURKA stabilization, as mutation of S296E was sufficient to disrupt binding and led to reduced AURKA protein levels. NEDD9 confers AURKA stability by limiting the binding of the cdh1-substrate recognition subunit of APC/C ubiquitin ligase to AURKA. Depletion of NEDD9 in tumor cells increases sensitivity to AURKA inhibitors. Combination therapy with NEDD9 short hairpin RNAs and AURKA inhibitors impairs tumor growth and distant metastasis in mice harboring xenografts of breast tumors. Collectively, our findings provide rationale for the use of AURKA inhibitors in treatment of metastatic tumors and predict the sensitivity of the patients to AURKA inhibitors based on NEDD9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Ice
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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30
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Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a pivotal role in the sequence of events leading to cell division known as the cell cycle. Not only does ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis constitute a critical component of the core oscillator that drives the cell cycle in all eukaryotes, it is also central to the mechanisms that ensure that the integrity of the genome is maintained. These functions are primarily carried out by two families of E3 ubiquitin ligases, the Skp/cullin/F-box-containing and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome complexes. However, beyond those functions associated with regulation of central cell cycle events, many peripheral cell cycle-related processes rely on ubiquitylation for signaling, homeostasis, and dynamicity, involving additional types of ubiquitin ligases and regulators. We are only beginning to understand the diversity and complexity of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K Teixeira
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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31
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Recent insights into the complexity of Tank-binding kinase 1 signaling networks: the emerging role of cellular localization in the activation and substrate specificity of TBK1. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1230-7. [PMID: 23395801 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) serves as an important component of multiple signaling pathways. While the majority of research on TBK1 has focused on its role in innate immunity, critical functions for TBK1 in autophagy and cancer are beginning to emerge. This review highlights recent structural and biochemical studies that provide insights into the molecular mechanism of TBK1 activation and summarizes what is known to date about TBK1 substrate selection. Growing evidence suggests that both processes rely on TBK1 subcellular localization, with a variety of adaptor proteins each directing TBK1 to discrete signaling complexes for different cellular responses. Further study of TBK1-mediated pathways will require careful consideration of TBK1 mechanisms of activation and specificity for proper dissection of these distinct signaling cascades.
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32
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Abstract
Cytokinesis, the final step in cell division, partitions the contents of a single cell into two. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through cortical remodeling orchestrated by the anaphase spindle. Cytokinesis relies on a tight interplay between signaling and cellular mechanics and has attracted the attention of both biologists and physicists for more than a century. In this review, we provide an overview of four topics in animal cell cytokinesis: (a) signaling between the anaphase spindle and cortex, (b) the mechanics of cortical remodeling, (c) abscission, and (d) regulation of cytokinesis by the cell cycle machinery. We report on recent progress in these areas and highlight some of the outstanding questions that these findings bring into focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Green
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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33
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Yin N, Shi J, Wang D, Tong T, Wang M, Fan F, Zhan Q. IQGAP1 interacts with Aurora-A and enhances its stability and its role in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:64-9. [PMID: 22483753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IQGAP1, a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein, has been identified in a wide range of organisms. It participates in multiple aspects of cellular events by binding to and regulating numerous interacting proteins. In our present study, we identified a new IQGAP1 binding protein named Aurora-A which is an oncogenic protein and overexpressed in various types of human tumors. In vitro analysis with GST-Aurora-A fusion proteins showed a physical interaction between Aurora-A and IQGAP1. Moreover, the binding also occurred in HeLa cells as endogenous Aurora-A co-immunoprecipitated with IQGAP1 from the cell lysates. Overexpression of IQGAP1 resulted in an elevation of both expression and activity of Aurora-A kinase. Endogenous IQGAP1 knockdown by siRNA promoted Aurora-A degradation whereas IQGAP1 overexpression enhanced the stability of Aurora-A. Additionally, we documented that the IQGAP1-induced cell proliferation was suppressed by knocking down Aurora-A expression. Taken together, our results showed an unidentified relationship between Aurora-A and IQGAP1, and provided a new insight into the molecular mechanism by which IQGAP1 played a regulatory role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li, Beijing 100021, China
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan How
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Medical Oncology & Hematology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karen Yee
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Medical Oncology & Hematology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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35
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Pérez de Castro I, Aguirre-Portolés C, Martin B, Fernández-Miranda G, Klotzbucher A, Kubbutat MHG, Megías D, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Malumbres M. A SUMOylation Motif in Aurora-A: Implications for Spindle Dynamics and Oncogenesis. Front Oncol 2011; 1:50. [PMID: 22649767 PMCID: PMC3355891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A is a serine/threonine kinase that plays critical roles in centrosome maturation, spindle dynamics, and chromosome orientation and it is frequently over-expressed in human cancers. In this work, we show that Aurora-A interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and co-localizes with SUMO1 in mitotic cells. Aurora-A can be SUMOylated in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of the highly conserved SUMOylation residue lysine 249 significantly disrupts Aurora-A SUMOylation and mitotic defects characterized by defective and multipolar spindles ensue. The Aurora-AK249R mutant has normal kinase activity but displays altered dynamics at the mitotic spindle. In addition, ectopic expression of the Aurora-AK249R mutant results in a significant increase in susceptibility to malignant transformation induced by the Ras oncogene. These data suggest that modification by SUMO residues may control Aurora-A function at the spindle and that deficiency of SUMOylation of this kinase may have important implications for tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Pérez de Castro
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas Madrid, Spain
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36
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Cotto-Rios XM, Jones MJK, Huang TT. Insights into phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms regulating USP1 protein stability during the cell cycle. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:4009-16. [PMID: 22101265 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.23.18501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of the cell cycle and DNA repair machinery is essential for maintaining genome stability. The APC/CCdh1 ubiquitin ligase complex is a key regulator of protein stability during the G 1 phase of the cell cycle. APC/CCdh1 regulates and promotes the degradation of proteins involved in both cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. In a recent study, we identified a novel APC/CCdh1 substrate, the ubiquitin protease USP1. USP1 is a critical regulator of both the Fanconi anemia (FA) and translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA repair pathways. Here, we provide additional mechanistic insights into the regulation of USP1 during the cell cycle. Specifically, we demonstrate that USP1 is phosphorylated in mitosis by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), and that this phosphorylation event may prevent premature degradation of USP1 during normal cell cycle progression. Finally, we provide a unifying hypothesis integrating the role of G 1-specific proteolysis of USP1 with the regulation of the transcriptional repressors, Inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomaris M Cotto-Rios
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Huh HC, Lee SY, Lee SK, Park NH, Han IS. Capsaicin Induces Apoptosis of Cisplatin-Resistant Stomach Cancer Cells by Causing Degradation of Cisplatin-Inducible Aurora-A Protein. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1095-103. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.607548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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38
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Shi Y, Solomon LR, Pereda-Lopez A, Giranda VL, Luo Y, Johnson EF, Shoemaker AR, Leverson J, Liu X. Ubiquitin-specific cysteine protease 2a (USP2a) regulates the stability of Aurora-A. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38960-8. [PMID: 21890637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.231498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin/proteasome pathway plays critical roles in virtually all aspects of cell biology. Enzymes of the ubiquitin pathway add (ligases) or remove (deubiquitinases) ubiquitin tags to or from their target proteins in a selective fashion. USP2a is a member of a subfamily of deubiquitinases, called ubiquitin-specific cysteine proteases (USPs). Although USP2a has been reported to be a bona fide oncogene that regulates the stability of MDM2, MDMX, and FAS, it is likely that there are other unidentified substrates for USP2a. In this study, we show that USP2a mediates mitotic progression by regulating the stability of Aurora-A. Through cell-based screening of a USP siRNA library, we discovered that knockdown of USP2a reduced the protein levels of Aurora-A. USP2a interacts with Aurora-A directly in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Aurora-A is a substrate for USP2a in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides a novel mechanism for the role of USP2a in mediating the stability of Aurora-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Cancer Research Department, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA
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39
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Tsai CY, Ngo B, Tapadia A, Hsu PH, Wu G, Lee WH. Aurora-A phosphorylates Augmin complex component Hice1 protein at an N-terminal serine/threonine cluster to modulate its microtubule binding activity during spindle assembly. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30097-106. [PMID: 21705324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.266767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper assembly of mitotic spindles requires Hice1, a spindle-associated protein. Hice1 possesses direct microtubule binding activity at its N-terminal region and contributes to intraspindle microtubule nucleation as a subunit of the Augmin complex. However, whether microtubule binding activity of Hice1 is modulated by mitotic regulators remains unexplored. Here, we found that Aurora-A kinase, a major mitotic kinase, specifically binds to and phosphorylates Hice1. We identified four serine/threonine clusters on Hice1 that can be phosphorylated by Aurora-A in vitro. Of the four clusters, the Ser/Thr-17-21 cluster was the most critical for bipolar spindle assembly, whereas other phospho-deficient point mutants had a minimal effect on spindle assembly. Immunostaining with a phospho-Ser-19/20 phospho-specific antibody revealed that phosphorylated Hice1 primarily localizes to spindle poles during prophase to metaphase but gradually diminishes after anaphase. Consistently, the phospho-mimic 17-21E mutant reduced microtubule binding activity in vitro and diminished localization to spindles in vivo. Furthermore, expression of the 17-21E mutant led to decreased association of Fam29a, an Augmin component, with spindles. On the other hand, expression of the phospho-deficient 17-21A mutant permitted intraspindle nucleation but delayed the separation of early mitotic spindle poles and the timely mitotic progression. Taken together, these results suggest that Aurora-A modulates the microtubule binding activity of Hice1 in a spatiotemporal manner for proper bipolar spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Y Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4037, USA
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40
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Huang YH, Wu CC, Chou CK, Huang CYF. A translational regulator, PUM2, promotes both protein stability and kinase activity of Aurora-A. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19718. [PMID: 21589936 PMCID: PMC3092770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A, a centrosomal serine-threonine kinase, orchestrates several key aspects of cell division. However, the regulatory pathways for the protein stability and kinase activity of Aurora-A are still not completely understood. In this study, PUM2, an RNA-binding protein, is identified as a novel substrate and interacting protein of Aurora-A. Overexpression of the PUM2 mutant which fails to interact with Aurora-A, and depletion of PUM2 result in a decrease in the amount of Aurora-A. PUM2 physically binds to the D-box of Aurora-A, which is recognized by APC/CCdh1. Overexpression of PUM2 prevents ubiquitination and enhances the protein stability of Aurora-A, suggesting that PUM2 protects Aurora-A from APC/CCdh1-mediated degradation. Moreover, association of PUM2 with Aurora-A not only makes Aurora-A more stable but also enhances the kinase activity of Aurora-A. Our study suggests that PUM2 plays two different but important roles during cell cycle progression. In interphase, PUM2 localizes in cytoplasm and plays as translational repressor through its RNA binding domain. However, in mitosis, PUM2 physically associates with Aurora-A to ensure enough active Aurora-A at centrosomes for mitotic entry. This is the first time to reveal the moonlight role of PUM2 in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kung Chou
- Department of Life Science, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-KC); (C-YFH)
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-KC); (C-YFH)
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41
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Fichter CD, Herz C, Münch C, Opitz OG, Werner M, Lassmann S. Occurrence of multipolar mitoses and association with Aurora-A/-B kinases and p53 mutations in aneuploid esophageal carcinoma cells. BMC Cell Biol 2011; 12:13. [PMID: 21470402 PMCID: PMC3094318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aurora kinases and loss of p53 function are implicated in the carcinogenesis of aneuploid esophageal cancers. Their association with occurrence of multipolar mitoses in the two main histotypes of aneuploid esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the occurrence of multipolar mitoses, Aurora-A/-B gene copy numbers and expression/activation as well as p53 alterations in aneuploid ESCC and BAC cancer cell lines. Results A control esophageal epithelial cell line (EPC-hTERT) had normal Aurora-A and -B gene copy numbers and expression, was p53 wild type and displayed bipolar mitoses. In contrast, both ESCC (OE21, Kyse-410) and BAC (OE33, OE19) cell lines were aneuploid and displayed elevated gene copy numbers of Aurora-A (chromosome 20 polysomy: OE21, OE33, OE19; gene amplification: Kyse-410) and Aurora-B (chromosome 17 polysomy: OE21, Kyse-410). Aurora-B gene copy numbers were not elevated in OE19 and OE33 cells despite chromosome 17 polysomy. Aurora-A expression and activity (Aurora-A/phosphoT288) was not directly linked to gene copy numbers and was highest in Kyse-410 and OE33 cells. Aurora-B expression and activity (Aurora-B/phosphoT232) was higher in OE21 and Kyse-410 than in OE33 and OE19 cells. The mitotic index was highest in OE21, followed by OE33 > OE19 > Kyse-410 and EPC-hTERT cells. Multipolar mitoses occurred with high frequency in OE33 (13.8 ± 4.2%), followed by OE21 (7.7 ± 5.0%) and Kyse-410 (6.3 ± 2.0%) cells. Single multipolar mitoses occurred in OE19 (1.0 ± 1.0%) cells. Distinct p53 mutations and p53 protein expression patterns were found in all esophageal cancer cell lines, but complete functional p53 inactivation occurred in OE21 and OE33 only. Conclusions High Aurora-A expression alone is not associated with overt multipolar mitoses in aneuploid ESCC and BAC cancer cells, as specifically shown here for OE21 and OE33 cells, respectively. Additional p53 loss of function mutations are necessary for this to occur, at least for invasive esophageal cancer cells. Further assessment of Aurora kinases and p53 interactions in cells or tissue specimens derived from non-invasive dysplasia (ESCC) or intestinal metaplasia (BAC) are necessary to disclose a potential causative role of Aurora kinases and p53 for development of aneuploid, invasive esophageal cancers.
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Mori N, Ishikawa C, Senba M, Kimura M, Okano Y. Effects of AZD1152, a selective Aurora B kinase inhibitor, on Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphomas. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1106-15. [PMID: 21371446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of AZD1152, an Aurora B kinase inhibitor, on Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in human tissues and cell cultures and in a murine xenograft model of lymphoma. Aurora kinase A and B levels were assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. They were aberrantly expressed in BL and HL cell lines, and in lymph nodes from patients with BL and HL. Next, activation of the Aurora B promoter was detected by reporter gene assays. The promoter activity of Aurora B kinase was high in BL cell lines and the Aurora B promoter contained a positive regulatory region between -74 and -104 from the transcription initiation site. AZD1152-hQPA had antiproliferative effects in the BL and HL cell lines studied; inhibited the phosphorylation of histone H3 and retinoblastoma proteins, and resulted in cells with > 4N DNA content. AZD1152-hQPA induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of some cell lines, demonstrated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9, followed by activation of caspase-3. This effect was accompanied by the inhibition of survivin expression. In vivo efficacy was determined in NOD/SCID/γc(null) mice implanted with the Ramos human BL cell line. AZD1152 had anti-tumour effects in this murine xenograft model. There preclinical data suggest that the inhibition of Aurora B kinase is a potentially useful therapeutic strategy in BL and HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
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Giubettini M, Asteriti IA, Scrofani J, De Luca M, Lindon C, Lavia P, Guarguaglini G. Control of Aurora-A stability through interaction with TPX2. J Cell Sci 2010; 124:113-22. [PMID: 21147853 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.075457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aurora-A kinase has well-established roles in spindle assembly and function and is frequently overexpressed in tumours. Its abundance is cell cycle regulated, with a peak in G2 and M phases, followed by regulated proteolysis at the end of mitosis. The microtubule-binding protein TPX2 plays a major role in regulating the activity and localisation of Aurora-A in mitotic cells. Here, we report a novel regulatory role of TPX2 and show that it protects Aurora-A from degradation both in interphase and in mitosis in human cells. Specifically, Aurora-A levels decrease in G2 and prometaphase cells silenced for TPX2, whereas degradation of Aurora-A is impaired in telophase cells overexpressing the Aurora-A-binding region of TPX2. The decrease in Aurora-A in TPX2-silenced prometaphases requires proteasome activity and the Cdh1 activator of the APC/C ubiquitin ligase. Reintroducing either full-length TPX2, or the Aurora-A-binding region of TPX2, but not a truncated TPX2 mutant lacking the Aurora-A-interaction domain, restores Aurora-A levels in TPX2-silenced prometaphases. The control by TPX2 of Aurora-A stability is independent of its ability to activate Aurora-A and to localise it to the spindle. These results highlight a novel regulatory level impinging on Aurora-A and provide further evidence for the central role of TPX2 in regulation of Aurora-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giubettini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Lee J, Kim JA, Margolis RL, Fotedar R. Substrate degradation by the anaphase promoting complex occurs during mitotic slippage. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:1792-801. [PMID: 20436289 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.9.11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule targeting drugs are successful in chemotherapy because they indefinitely activate the spindle assembly checkpoint. The spindle assembly checkpoint monitors proper attachment of all kinetochores to microtubules and tension between the kinetochores of sister chromatids to prevent premature anaphase entry. To this end, the activated spindle assembly checkpoint suppresses the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). In the continued presence of conditions that activate the spindle assembly checkpoint, cells eventually escape from mitosis by "slippage". It has not been directly tested whether APC activation accompanies slippage. Using cells blocked in mitosis with the microtubule assembly inhibitor nocodazole, we show that mitotic APC substrates are degraded upon mitotic slippage. To confirm that APC is normally activated upon mitotic slippage we have found that knockdown of Cdc20 and Cdh1, two mitotic activators of APC, prevents the degradation of APC substrates during mitotic slippage. We provide the first direct demonstration that despite conditions that activate the spindle checkpoint, APC is indeed activated upon mitotic slippage of cells to interphase cells. Activation of the spindle checkpoint by microtubule targeting drugs used in chemotherapy may not indefinitely prevent APC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Lee
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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Carmena M, Ruchaud S, Earnshaw WC. Making the Auroras glow: regulation of Aurora A and B kinase function by interacting proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 21:796-805. [PMID: 19836940 PMCID: PMC2806521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conserved Aurora family of protein kinases have emerged as crucial regulators of mitosis and cytokinesis. Despite their high degree of homology, Aurora A and B have very distinctive localisations and functions: Aurora A associates with the spindle poles to regulate entry into mitosis, centrosome maturation and spindle assembly; Aurora B is a member of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) that transfers from the inner centromere in early mitosis to the spindle midzone, equatorial cortex and midbody in late mitosis and cytokinesis. Aurora B functions include regulation of chromosome–microtubule interactions, cohesion, spindle stability and cytokinesis. This review will focus on how interacting proteins make this functional diversity possible by targeting the kinases to different subcellular locations and regulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Carmena
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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46
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Lukasiewicz KB, Lingle WL. Aurora A, centrosome structure, and the centrosome cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:602-619. [PMID: 19774610 DOI: 10.1002/em.20533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome, also known as the microtubule organizing center of the cell, is a membrane-less organelle composed of a pair of barrel-shaped centrioles surrounded by electron-dense pericentriolar material. The centrosome progresses through the centrosome cycle in step with the cell cycle such that centrosomes are duplicated in time to serve as the spindle poles during mitosis and that each resultant daughter cell contains a single centrosome. Regulation of the centrosome cycle with relation to the cell cycle is an essential process to maintain the ratio of one centrosome per new daughter cell. Numerous mitosis-specific kinases have been implicated in this regulation, and phosphorlyation plays an important role in coordinating the centrosome and cell cycles. Centrosome amplification can occur when the cycles are uncoupled, and this amplification is associated with cancer and with an increase in the levels of chromosomal instability. The aurora kinases A, B, and C are serine/threonine kinases that are active during mitosis. Aurora A is associated with centrosomes, being localized at the centrosome just prior to the onset of mitosis and for the duration of mitosis. Overexpression of aurora A leads to centrosome amplification and cellular transformation. The activity of aurora A is regulated by phosphorlyation and proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara B Lukasiewicz
- Section on Cell Cycle Regulation, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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47
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Tatsuka M, Sato S, Kanda A, Miki T, Kamata N, Kitajima S, Kudo Y, Takata T. Oncogenic role of nuclear accumulated Aurora-A. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:810-20. [PMID: 19204928 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aurora-A, also known as Aik, BTAK, or STK15, is a centrosomal serine/threonine protein kinase, which is proto-oncogenic and is overexpressed in a wide range of human cancers. Besides gene amplification and mRNA overexpression, proteolytic resistance mechanisms are thought to contribute to overexpression of Aurora-A. However, it is not yet clear how overexpressed Aurora-A affects the expression of transformed phenotype. Here, we found that nuclear accumulation of Aurora-A was critical for transformation activity. Cellular protein fractionation experiments and immunoblot analysis demonstrated a predominance of Aurora-A in the nuclear soluble fraction in head and neck cancer cells. Indirect immunofluorescence using confocal laser microscopy confirmed nuclear Aurora-A in head and neck cancer cells, while most oral keratinocytes exhibited only centrosomal localization. The expression of nuclear export signal-fused Aurora-A demonstrated that the oncogenic transformation activity was lost on disruption of the nuclear localization. Thus, the cytoplasmic localization of overexpressed Aurora-A previously demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis is not likely to correspond to that in intact cancer cells. This study identifies an alternative mode of Aurora-A overexpression in cancer, through nuclear rather than cytoplasmic functions. We suggest that substrates of Aurora-A in the cell nuclear soluble fraction can represent a novel therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
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Tsai YC, Qi H, Lin CP, Lin RK, Kerrigan JE, Rzuczek SG, LaVoie EJ, Rice JE, Pilch DS, Lyu YL, Liu LF. A G-quadruplex stabilizer induces M-phase cell cycle arrest. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:22535-43. [PMID: 19531483 PMCID: PMC2755660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex stabilizers such as telomestatin and HXDV bind with exquisite specificity to G-quadruplexes, but not to triplex, duplex, or single-stranded DNAs. Studies have suggested that the antiproliferative and possibly anti-tumor activities of these compounds are linked to their inhibitory effect on telomerase and/or telomere function. In the current studies, we show that HXDV, a synthetic analog of telomestatin, exhibits antiproliferative activity against both telomerase-positive and -negative cells and induces robust apoptosis within 16 h of treatment, suggesting a mode of action independent of telomerase. HXDV was also shown to inhibit cell cycle progression causing M-phase cell cycle arrest, as evidenced by accumulation of cells with 4 n DNA content, increased mitotic index, separated centrosomes, elevated histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser-10 (an M-phase marker), and defective chromosome alignment and spindle fiber assembly (revealed by time-lapse microscopy). The M-phase arrest caused by HXDV paralleled with reduction in the expression level of the major M-phase checkpoint regulator Aurora A. All these cellular effects appear to depend on the G-quadruplex binding activity of HXDV as its non-G-quadruplex binding analog, TXTLeu, is completely devoid of all these effects. In the aggregate, our results suggest that HXDV, which exhibits anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities, is also a novel M-phase blocker, with a mode of action dependent on its G-quadruplex binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Tsai
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Haiyan Qi
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Chao-Po Lin
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Ren-Kuo Lin
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - John E. Kerrigan
- the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-2681, and
| | - Suzanne G. Rzuczek
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020
| | - Edmond J. LaVoie
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020
| | - Joseph E. Rice
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020
| | - Daniel S. Pilch
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Yi Lisa Lyu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
| | - Leroy F. Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635
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Ban R, Matsuzaki H, Akashi T, Sakashita G, Taniguchi H, Park SY, Tanaka H, Furukawa K, Urano T. Mitotic regulation of the stability of microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB3 by ubiquitin ligase SIAH-1 and Aurora mitotic kinases. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28367-28381. [PMID: 19696028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) control microtubule dynamics in fundamental processes such as cell cycle, intracellular transport, and cell motility, but how +TIPs are regulated during mitosis remains largely unclear. Here we show that the endogenous end-binding protein family EB3 is stable during mitosis, facilitates cell cycle progression at prometaphase, and then is down-regulated during the transition to G(1) phase. The ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase SIAH-1 facilitates EB3 polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation, whereas SIAH-1 knockdown increases EB3 stability and steady-state levels. Two mitotic kinases, Aurora-A and Aurora-B, phosphorylate endogenous EB3 at Ser-176, and the phosphorylation triggers disruption of the EB3-SIAH-1 complex, resulting in EB3 stabilization during mitosis. Our results provide new insight into a regulatory mechanism of +TIPs in cell cycle transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Ban
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501; Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550.
| | - Hideki Matsuzaki
- Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-15-18 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503
| | - Tomohiro Akashi
- Division of Molecular Mycology and Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550
| | - Gyosuke Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501; Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550
| | - Hisaaki Taniguchi
- Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-15-18 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Protein Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501; Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550.
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Fasanaro P, Capogrossi MC, Martelli F. Regulation of the endothelial cell cycle by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 85:272-80. [PMID: 19617222 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins by the 26S-proteasome complex represents a crucial quantitative control mechanism. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in the complex molecular network regulating the progression both between and within each cell-cycle phase. Two major complexes are involved: the SKP1-CUL1-F-box-protein complex (SCF) and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Notwithstanding structural similarities, SCF and APC/C display different cellular functions and mechanisms of action. SCF modulates all cell-cycle stages and plays a prominent role at G1/S transition mainly through three regulatory subunits: Skp2, Fbw7, and beta-TRCP. APC/C, regulated by Cdc20 or Cdh1 subunits, has a crucial role in mitosis. In this review, we will describe how the endothelial cell cycle is regulated by the UPS. We will illustrate the principal SCF- and APC/C-dependent molecular mechanisms that modulate cell growth, allowing a unidirectional cell-cycle progression. Then, we will focus our attention on UPS modulation by oxidative stress, a pathogenic stimulus that causes endothelial dysfunction and is involved in numerous cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Fasanaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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