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Stadler S, Nguyen CH, Schachner H, Milovanovic D, Holzner S, Brenner S, Eichsteininger J, Stadler M, Senfter D, Krenn L, Schmidt WM, Huttary N, Krieger S, Koperek O, Bago-Horvath Z, Brendel KA, Marian B, de Wever O, Mader RM, Giessrigl B, Jäger W, Dolznig H, Krupitza G. Colon cancer cell-derived 12(S)-HETE induces the retraction of cancer-associated fibroblast via MLC2, RHO/ROCK and Ca 2+ signalling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1907-1921. [PMID: 28013338 PMCID: PMC5390003 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retraction of mesenchymal stromal cells supports the invasion of colorectal cancer cells (CRC) into the adjacent compartment. CRC-secreted 12(S)-HETE enhances the retraction of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and therefore, 12(S)-HETE may enforce invasivity of CRC. Understanding the mechanisms of metastatic CRC is crucial for successful intervention. Therefore, we studied pro-invasive contributions of stromal cells in physiologically relevant three-dimensional in vitro assays consisting of CRC spheroids, CAFs, extracellular matrix and endothelial cells, as well as in reductionist models. In order to elucidate how CAFs support CRC invasion, tumour spheroid-induced CAF retraction and free intracellular Ca2+ levels were measured and pharmacological- or siRNA-based inhibition of selected signalling cascades was performed. CRC spheroids caused the retraction of CAFs, generating entry gates in the adjacent surrogate stroma. The responsible trigger factor 12(S)-HETE provoked a signal, which was transduced by PLC, IP3, free intracellular Ca2+, Ca2+-calmodulin-kinase-II, RHO/ROCK and MYLK which led to the activation of myosin light chain 2, and subsequent CAF mobility. RHO activity was observed downstream as well as upstream of Ca2+ release. Thus, Ca2+ signalling served as central signal amplifier. Treatment with the FDA-approved drugs carbamazepine, cinnarizine, nifedipine and bepridil HCl, which reportedly interfere with cellular calcium availability, inhibited CAF-retraction. The elucidation of signalling pathways and identification of approved inhibitory drugs warrant development of intervention strategies targeting tumour–stroma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Stadler
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi Huu Nguyen
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Schachner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Milovanovic
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvio Holzner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Brenner
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eichsteininger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mira Stadler
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Senfter
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang M Schmidt
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Centre of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Huttary
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar Koperek
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Brigitte Marian
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver de Wever
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert M Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Giessrigl
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Nguyen CH, Brenner S, Huttary N, Li Y, Atanasov AG, Dirsch VM, Holzner S, Stadler S, Riha J, Krieger S, Milovanovic D, Fristiohardy A, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Dolznig H, Saiko P, Szekeres T, Giessrigl B, Jäger W, Krupitza G. 12(S)-HETE increases intracellular Ca2+ in lymph-endothelial cells disrupting their barrier function in vitro; stabilization by clinical drugs impairing calcium supply. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dietrich HH, Abendschein DR, Moon SH, Nayeb-Hashemi N, Mancuso DJ, Jenkins CM, Kaltenbronn KM, Blumer KJ, Turk J, Gross RW. Genetic ablation of calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)beta causes hypercontractility and markedly attenuates endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H2208-20. [PMID: 20382858 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00839.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of phospholipases leads to the release of arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids that play prominent roles in regulating vasomotor tone. To identify the role of calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)beta (iPLA(2)beta) in vasomotor function, we measured vascular responses to phenylephrine (PE) and ACh in mesenteric arterioles from wild-type (WT; iPLA(2)beta(+/+)) mice and those lacking the beta-isoform (iPLA(2)beta(-/-)) both ex vivo and in vivo. Vessels isolated from iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice demonstrated increased constriction to PE, despite lower basal smooth muscle calcium levels, and decreased vasodilation to ACh compared with iPLA(2)beta(+/+) mice. PE constriction resulted in initial intracellular calcium release with subsequent steady-state constriction that depended on extracellular calcium influx. Endothelial denudation had no effect on vessel tone or PE-induced constriction although the dilation to ACh was significantly reduced in iPLA(2)beta(+/+) vessels. In contrast, vessels from iPLA(2)beta(-/-) constricted by 54% after denudation, indicating smooth muscle hypercontractility. In vivo, blood pressure, resting vessel diameter, and constriction of mesenteric vessels to PE were not different in iPLA(2)beta(-/-) vessels compared with WT mouse vessels. However, relaxation after ACh administration in situ was attenuated, indicating an endothelial inability to induce dilation in response to ACh. In cultured endothelial cells, inhibition of iPLA(2)beta with (S)-(E)-6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (BEL) decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and reduced endothelial agonist-induced intracellular calcium release as well as extracellular calcium influx. We conclude that iPLA(2)beta is an important mediator of vascular relaxation and intracellular calcium homeostasis in both smooth muscle and endothelial cells and that ablation of iPLA(2)beta causes agonist-induced smooth muscle hypercontractility and reduced agonist-induced endothelial dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Dietrich
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurosurgery, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8057, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Mancinelli R, Franchitto A, Gaudio E, Onori P, Glaser S, Francis H, Venter J, Demorrow S, Carpino G, Kopriva S, White M, Fava G, Alvaro D, Alpini G. After damage of large bile ducts by gamma-aminobutyric acid, small ducts replenish the biliary tree by amplification of calcium-dependent signaling and de novo acquisition of large cholangiocyte phenotypes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1790-800. [PMID: 20185575 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Large cholangiocytes secrete bicarbonate in response to secretin and proliferate after bile duct ligation by activation of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate signaling. The Ca(2+)-dependent adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8, expressed by large cholangiocytes) regulates secretin-induced choleresis. Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) regulates small cholangiocyte function. Because gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) affects cell functions by activation of both Ca(2+) signaling and inhibition of AC, we sought to develop an in vivo model characterized by large cholangiocyte damage and proliferation of small ducts. Bile duct ligation rats were treated with GABA for one week, and we evaluated: GABA(A), GABA(B), and GABA(C) receptor expression; intrahepatic bile duct mass (IBDM) and the percentage of apoptotic cholangiocytes; secretin-stimulated choleresis; and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and activation of Ca(2+-)dependent PKC isoforms and AC8 expression. We found that both small and large cholangiocytes expressed GABA receptors. GABA: (i) induced apoptosis of large cholangiocytes and reduced large IBDM; (ii) decreased secretin-stimulated choleresis; and (iii) reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and AC8 expression in large cholangiocytes. Small cholangiocytes: (i) proliferated leading to increased IBDM; (ii) displayed activation of PKCbetaII; and (iii) de novo expressed secretin receptor, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger 2 and AC8, and responded to secretin. Therefore, in pathologies of large ducts, small ducts replenish the biliary epithelium by amplification of Ca(2+)-dependent signaling and acquisition of large cholangiocyte phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mancinelli
- Texas A & M Health Science Center, Medical Research Building, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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Strazzabosco M, Fiorotto R, Melero S, Glaser S, Francis H, Spirlì C, Alpini G. Differentially expressed adenylyl cyclase isoforms mediate secretory functions in cholangiocyte subpopulation. Hepatology 2009; 50:244-52. [PMID: 19444869 PMCID: PMC2738985 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is generated by adenylyl cyclases (ACs), a group of enzymes with different tissue specificity and regulation. We hypothesized that AC isoforms are heterogeneously expressed along the biliary tree, are associated with specific secretory stimuli, and are differentially modulated in cholestasis. Small duct and large duct cholangiocytes were isolated from controls and from lipopolysaccharide-treated or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated rats. AC isoform expression was assessed via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Secretion and cAMP levels were measured in intrahepatic bile duct units after stimulation with secretin, forskolin, HCO(3)(-)/CO(2), cholinergic agonists, and beta-adrenergic agonists, with or without selected inhibitors or after silencing of AC8 or soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) with small interfering RNA. Gene expression of the Ca(2+)-insensitive isoforms (AC4, AC7) was higher in small duct cholangiocytes, whereas that of the Ca(2+)-inhibitable (AC5, AC6, AC9), the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-stimulated AC8, and the soluble sAC was higher in large duct cholangiocytes. Ca(2+)/calmodulin inhibitors and AC8 gene silencing inhibited choleresis and cAMP production stimulated by secretin and acetylcholine, but not by forskolin. Secretion stimulated by isoproterenol and calcineurin inibitors was cAMP-dependent and gamma-aminobutyric acid-inhibitable, consistent with activation of AC9. Cholangiocyte secretion stimulated by isohydric changes in [HCO(3)(-)](i) was cAMP-dependent and inhibited by sAC inhibitor and sAC gene silencing. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate increased expression of AC7 and sAC but decreased expression of the other ACs. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of ACs in biliary pathophysiology. In fact: (1) AC isoforms are differentially expressed in cholangiocyte subpopulations; (2) AC8, AC9, and sAC mediate cholangiocyte secretion in response to secretin, beta-adrenergic agonists, or changes in [HCO(3)(-)](i), respectively; and (3) AC gene expression is modulated in experimental cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Strazzabosco
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Liver Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine and Liver Center, New Haven CT,Department of Gastroenterological and Surgical Sciences “P.G.Cevese”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Saida Melero
- Center for liver Research (CeliveR), Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medicine, Division of R&E, Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Medicine, Division of R&E, Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Carlo Spirlì
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine and Liver Center, New Haven CT,Center for liver Research (CeliveR), Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medicine, Division of R&E, Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas,Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
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6
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Nieves D, Moreno JJ. Enantioselective effect of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on 3T6 fibroblast growth through ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways and cyclin D1 activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:654-61. [PMID: 18640102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) have numerous physiological effects, including modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. However, little is known about the selective effects of HETE enantiomers on cell proliferation and cell signalling pathways involved in the regulation of cell growth. Furthermore, information on epithelial and endothelial cells growth is controversial. Recently, we demonstrated that 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE are involved in the control of 3T6 fibroblast growth though serine/treonine Akt/PKB (Akt) pathway. Here we examined the participation of both enantiomers (S and R) of HETEs in the control of 3T6 fibroblast growth. Our results show that HETEs (5-, 12-, and 15-HETE) are enantioselective on protein and DNA synthesis and 3T6 fibroblast growth. Furthermore, we observed that 12(S)-HETE induces the enhancement of cAMP and intracellular calcium concentration, whereas 12(R)-HETE was uneffective. Our findings also demonstrated that 12(S)-HETE exerts these effects through enantiospecific interactions with a cellular element, probably a plasma membrane receptor coupling to a pertussis toxin-sensitive protein G. Moreover, these elements may be involved in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways which induce the enhancement of cyclin D(1) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nieves
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Nazarewicz RR, Zenebe WJ, Parihar A, Parihar MS, Vaccaro M, Rink C, Sen CK, Ghafourifar P. 12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) increases mitochondrial nitric oxide by increasing intramitochondrial calcium. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 468:114-20. [PMID: 17963719 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) is one of the metabolites of arachidonic acid involved in pathological conditions associated with mitochondria and oxidative stress. The present study tested effects of 12-HETE on mitochondrial functions. In isolated rat heart mitochondria, 12-HETE increases intramitochondrial ionized calcium concentration that stimulates mitochondrial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (mtNOS) activity. mtNOS-derived NO causes mitochondrial dysfunctions by decreasing mitochondrial respiration and transmembrane potential. mtNOS-derived NO also produces peroxynitrite that induces release of cytochrome c and stimulates aggregation of mitochondria. Similarly, in HL-1 cardiac myocytes, 12-HETE increases intramitochondrial calcium and mitochondrial NO, and induces apoptosis. The present study suggests a novel mechanism for 12-HETE toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal R Nazarewicz
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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8
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Redondo C, López-Toledano MA, Lobo MVT, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Reimers D, Herranz AS, Paíno CL, Bazán E. Kainic acid triggers oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation from striatal neural stem cells. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:1170-82. [PMID: 17342781 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is an excitatory amino acid that serves important functions in mammalian brain development through alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/ kainate receptor stimulation. Neural stem cells with self-renewal and multilineage potential are a useful tool to study the signals involved in the regulation of brain development. We have investigated the role played by AMPA/kainate receptors during the differentiation of neural stem cells derived from fetal rat striatum. The application of 1 and 10 microM kainic acid increased significantly the phosphorylation of the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), raised bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in O4-positive oligodendrocyte precursors, and increased the number of O1-positive cells in the cultures. Increased CREB phosphorylation and proliferation were prevented by the AMPA receptor antagonist 4-4(4-aminophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-propylcarbamoyl-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazine (SYM 2206) and by protein kinase A and protein kinase C inhibitors. Cultures treated with 100 microM kainic acid showed decreased proliferation, a lower proportion of O1-positive cells, and apoptosis of O4-positive cells. None of these effects were prevented by SYM 2206, suggesting that kainate receptors take part in these events. We conclude that AMPA receptor stimulation by kainic acid promotes the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursors derived from neural stem cells through a mechanism that requires the activation of CREB by protein kinase A and C. In the neurons derived from these cells, either AMPA or kainate receptor stimulation produces neuritic growth and larger cell bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Redondo
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Clément N, Glorian M, Raymondjean M, Andréani M, Limon I. PGE2 amplifies the effects of IL-1beta on vascular smooth muscle cell de-differentiation: a consequence of the versatility of PGE2 receptors 3 due to the emerging expression of adenylyl cyclase 8. J Cell Physiol 2006; 208:495-505. [PMID: 16741924 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transition of vascular smooth muscle cells from a contractile/quiescent to a secretory/proliferative phenotype is one of the critical steps in atherosclerosis and is instigated by pro-inflammatory cytokines released from macrophages that have infiltrated into the vascular wall. In most inflammatory diseases, cell activation induced by these compounds leads to a massive production of type E2 prostaglandin (PGE2) which often takes over and even potentiates the pro-inflammatory cytokine-related effects. To evaluate PGE2 incidence on atheroma plaque development, we investigated whether and how this compound could enhance the dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells initially induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). To address this issue, we took advantage of vascular smooth muscle cells in primary culture and tracked two markers: PLA2 secretion and alpha-actin filament disorganization. In such a context, we found that PGE2 synergizes with IL-1beta to further enhance the phenotype transition of smooth muscle cells, through cAMP-protein kinase A. As indicated by pharmacological studies, the full PGE2-dependent potentiation of IL-1beta induced PLA2 secretion is associated with a change of regulation exerted by the subtypes 3 G(i)-coupled PGE2 receptors toward adenylyl cyclase(s) activated by the subtype 4 G(s)-linked PGE2 receptor. Whereas on contractile cells, stimulated subtypes 3 inhibit type 4-dependent PLA2 secretion, this negative regulation is switched to positive on IL-1beta-treated cells. Using real time PCR, pharmacological tools and small interfering RNA (siRNA), we demonstrated that the different integration of PGE2 signals depends on the upregulation of calcium/calmodulin stimulable adenylyl cyclase 8.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Phospholipases A/genetics
- Phospholipases A/metabolism
- Phospholipases A2
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/classification
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Clément
- UMR 7079 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France
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10
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Nieves D, Moreno JJ. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids released through the cytochrome P-450 pathway regulate 3T6 fibroblast growth. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2681-9. [PMID: 16980726 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600212-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids participate in the regulation of cellular proliferation. Thus, we observed that prostaglandin E(2) interaction with membrane receptors is involved in the control of 3T6 fibroblast growth induced by serum. However, our results suggested that another arachidonic acid pathway might be implicated in these events. Our results show that 3T6 fibroblasts synthesized hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) such as 12-HETE through the cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) pathway. However, 3T6 fibroblasts did not produce leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), and lipoxygenase inhibitors and LT antagonists failed to inhibit 3T6 fibroblast growth induced by FBS. In contrast, we observed that CYP450 inhibitors such as SKF-525A, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-aminobenzotriazole, and 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanoic acid reduced 12(S)-HETE levels, 3T6 fibroblast growth, and DNA synthesis induced by FBS. The impairment of DNA synthesis and 3T6 fibroblast growth induced by SKF-525A were reversed by exogenous addition of HETEs. Moreover, we report that 5-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, and 15(S)-HETE are mitogenic on 3T6 fibroblast in the absence of another growth factor, and this effect was dependent on the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway. In conclusion, our results show that HETEs, probably produced by CYP450, are involved in the control of 3T6 fibroblast growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nieves
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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