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Bizerea-Moga TO, Pitulice L, Bizerea-Spiridon O, Moga TV. Exploring the Link between Oxidative Stress, Selenium Levels, and Obesity in Youth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7276. [PMID: 39000383 PMCID: PMC11242909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide increasing concern. Although in adults this is easily estimated with the body mass index, in children, who are constantly growing and whose bodies are changing, the reference points to assess weight status are age and gender, and need corroboration with complementary data, making their quantification highly difficult. The present review explores the interaction spectrum of oxidative stress, selenium status, and obesity in children and adolescents. Any factor related to oxidative stress that triggers obesity and, conversely, obesity that induces oxidative stress are part of a vicious circle, a complex chain of mechanisms that derive from each other and reinforce each other with serious health consequences. Selenium and its compounds exhibit key antioxidant activity and also have a significant role in the nutritional evaluation of obese children. The balance of selenium intake, retention, and metabolism emerges as a vital aspect of health, reflecting the complex interactions between diet, oxidative stress, and obesity. Understanding whether selenium status is a contributor to or a consequence of obesity could inform nutritional interventions and public health strategies aimed at preventing and managing obesity from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga
- Department XI of Pediatrics-1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Pitulice
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Bizerea-Spiridon
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Voicu Moga
- Department VII of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology Discipline, Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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2
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Ali T, Li D, Ponnamperumage TNF, Peterson AK, Pandey J, Fatima K, Brzezinski J, Jakusz JAR, Gao H, Koelsch GE, Murugan DS, Peng X. Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cancer Cells: Advancing Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2171. [PMID: 38927877 PMCID: PMC11201821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells show altered antioxidant defense systems, dysregulated redox signaling, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Targeting cancer cells through ROS-mediated mechanisms has emerged as a significant therapeutic strategy due to its implications in cancer progression, survival, and resistance. Extensive research has focused on selective generation of H2O2 in cancer cells for selective cancer cell killing by employing various strategies such as metal-based prodrugs, photodynamic therapy, enzyme-based systems, nano-particle mediated approaches, chemical modulators, and combination therapies. Many of these H2O2-amplifying approaches have demonstrated promising anticancer effects and selectivity in preclinical investigations. They selectively induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells while sparing normal cells, sensitize resistant cells, and modulate the tumor microenvironment. However, challenges remain in achieving selectivity, addressing tumor heterogeneity, ensuring efficient delivery, and managing safety and toxicity. To address those issues, H2O2-generating agents have been combined with other treatments leading to optimized combination therapies. This review focuses on various chemical agents/approaches that kill cancer cells via H2O2-mediated mechanisms. Different categories of compounds that selectively generate H2O2 in cancer cells are summarized, their underlying mechanisms and function are elucidated, preclinical and clinical studies as well as recent advancements are discussed, and their prospects as targeted therapeutic agents and their therapeutic utility in combination with other treatments are explored. By understanding the potential of these compounds, researchers can pave the way for the development of effective and personalized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; (T.A.); (D.L.); (T.N.F.P.); (A.K.P.); (J.P.); (K.F.); (J.B.); (J.A.R.J.); (H.G.); (G.E.K.); (D.S.M.)
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3
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Tallima H, Mahmoud SS. Mechanisms of Arachidonic Acid In Vitro Schistosomicidal Potential. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23316-23328. [PMID: 38854551 PMCID: PMC11154912 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) was shown to possess safe and effective schistosomicidal impact on larval and adult Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma hematobium in vitro and in vivo in laboratory rodents and in children residing in low and high endemicity regions. We herein examine mechanisms underlying ARA schistosomicidal potential over two experiments, using in each pool a minimum of 50 adult male, female, or mixed-sex freshly recovered, ex vivo S. mansoni. Worms incubated in fetal calf serum-free medium were exposed to 0 or 10 mM ARA for 1 h at 37 °C and immediately processed for preparation of surface membrane and whole worm body homogenate extracts. Mixed-sex worms were additionally used for evaluating the impact of ARA exposure on the visualization of outer membrane cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SM), and ceramide in immunofluorescence assays. Following assessment of protein content, extracts of intact and ARA-treated worms were examined and compared for SM content, neutral sphingomyelinase activity, reactive oxygen species levels, and caspase 3/7 activity. Arachidonic acid principally led to perturbation of the organization, integrity, and SM content of the outer membrane of male and female worms and additionally impacted female parasites via stimulating neutral sphingomyelinase activity and oxidative stress. Arachidonic powerful action on female worms combined with its previously documented ovocidal activities supports its use as safe and effective therapy against schistosomiasis, provided implementation of the sorely needed and long waited-for chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Tallima
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Soheir S. Mahmoud
- Department
of Parasitology, Theodore Bilharz Research
Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba,Giza 12411, Egypt
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4
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Lamontagne F, Paz-Trejo C, Zamorano Cuervo N, Grandvaux N. Redox signaling in cell fate: Beyond damage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119722. [PMID: 38615720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the nuanced role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell fate, challenging the traditional view that equates ROS with cellular damage. Through significant technological advancements in detecting localized redox states and identifying oxidized cysteines, a paradigm shift has emerged: from ROS as merely damaging agents to crucial players in redox signaling. We delve into the intricacies of redox mechanisms, which, although confined, exert profound influences on cellular physiological responses. Our analysis extends to both the positive and negative impacts of these mechanisms on cell death processes, including uncontrolled and programmed pathways. By unraveling these complex interactions, we argue against the oversimplified notion of a 'stress response', advocating for a more nuanced understanding of redox signaling. This review underscores the importance of localized redox states in determining cell fate, highlighting the sophistication and subtlety of ROS functions beyond mere damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lamontagne
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Paz-Trejo
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada.
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5
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Tillis SB, Ossiboff RJ, Wellehan JFX. Serpentoviruses Exhibit Diverse Organization and ORF Composition with Evidence of Recombination. Viruses 2024; 16:310. [PMID: 38400085 PMCID: PMC10892116 DOI: 10.3390/v16020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Serpentoviruses are a subfamily of positive sense RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales, family Tobaniviridae, associated with respiratory disease in multiple clades of reptiles. While the broadest viral diversity is reported from captive pythons, other reptiles, including colubrid snakes, turtles, and lizards of captive and free-ranging origin are also known hosts. To better define serpentoviral diversity, eleven novel serpentovirus genomes were sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq and, when necessary, completed with other Sanger sequencing methods. The novel serpentoviral genomes, along with 57 other previously published serpentovirus genomes, were analyzed alongside four outgroup genomes. Genomic analyses included identifying unique genome templates for each serpentovirus clade, as well as analysis of coded protein composition, potential protein function, protein glycosylation sites, differences in phylogenetic history between open-reading frames, and recombination. Serpentoviral genomes contained diverse protein compositions. In addition to the fundamental structural spike, matrix, and nucleoprotein proteins required for virion formation, serpentovirus genomes also included 20 previously uncharacterized proteins. The uncharacterized proteins were homologous to a number of previously characterized proteins, including enzymes, transcription factors, scaffolding, viral resistance, and apoptosis-related proteins. Evidence for recombination was detected in multiple instances in genomes from both captive and free-ranging snakes. These results show serpentovirus as a diverse clade of viruses with genomes that code for a wide diversity of proteins potentially enhanced by recombination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Tillis
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (R.J.O.); (J.F.X.W.J.)
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6
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Wei H, Weaver YM, Yang C, Zhang Y, Hu G, Karner CM, Sieber M, DeBerardinis RJ, Weaver BP. Proteolytic activation of fatty acid synthase signals pan-stress resolution. Nat Metab 2024; 6:113-126. [PMID: 38167727 PMCID: PMC10822777 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress and inflammation are both outcomes and major drivers of many human diseases. Sustained responsiveness despite mitigation suggests a failure to sense resolution of the stressor. Here we show that a proteolytic cleavage event of fatty acid synthase (FASN) activates a global cue for stress resolution in Caenorhabditis elegans. FASN is well established for biosynthesis of the fatty acid palmitate. Our results demonstrate FASN promoting an anti-inflammatory profile apart from palmitate synthesis. Redox-dependent proteolysis of limited amounts of FASN by caspase activates a C-terminal fragment sufficient to downregulate multiple aspects of stress responsiveness, including gene expression, metabolic programs and lipid droplets. The FASN C-terminal fragment signals stress resolution in a cell non-autonomous manner. Consistent with these findings, FASN processing is also seen in well-fed but not fasted male mouse liver. As downregulation of stress responses is critical to health, our findings provide a potential pathway to control diverse aspects of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi M Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chendong Yang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Matthew Sieber
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
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7
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Shichinohe M, Ohkawa S, Hirose Y, Eki T. Sensing chemical-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress via yeast-based reporter assays using NanoLuc luciferase. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294571. [PMID: 37992069 PMCID: PMC10664910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutagens and oxidative agents damage biomolecules, such as DNA; therefore, detecting genotoxic and oxidative chemicals is crucial for maintaining human health. To address this, we have developed several types of yeast-based reporter assays designed to detect DNA damage and oxidative stress. This study aimed to develop a novel yeast-based assay using a codon-optimized stable or unstable NanoLuc luciferase (yNluc and yNluCP) gene linked to a DNA damage- or oxidative stress-responsive promoter, enabling convenient sensing genotoxicity or oxidative stress, respectively. End-point luciferase assays using yeasts with a chromosomally integrated RNR3 promoter (PRNR3)-driven yNluc gene exhibited high levels of chemiluminescence via NanoLuc luciferase and higher fold induction by hydroxyurea than a multi-copy plasmid-based assay. Additionally, the integrated reporter system detected genotoxicity caused by four different types of chemicals. Oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and menadione) were successfully detected through transient expressions of luciferase activity in real-time luciferase assay using yeasts with a chromosomally integrated TRX2 promoter (PTRX2)-linked yNlucCP gene. However, the luciferase activity was gradually induced in yeasts with a multi-copy reporter plasmid, and their expression profiles were notably distinct from those observed in chromosomally integrated yeasts. The responses of yNlucCP gene against three oxidative chemicals, but not diamide and zinc oxide suspension, were observed using chromosomally integrated reporter yeasts. Given that yeast cells with chromosomally integrated PRNR3-linked yNluc and PTRX2-linked yNlucCP genes express strong chemiluminescence signals and are easily maintained and handled without restrictive nutrient medium, these yeast strains with NanoLuc reporters may prove useful for screening potential genotoxic and oxidative chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Ohkawa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yuu Hirose
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Laboratory of Genomics and Photobiology, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
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8
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Hamaya S, Oura K, Morishita A, Masaki T. Cisplatin in Liver Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10858. [PMID: 37446035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and is often diagnosed at an unresectable advanced stage. Systemic chemotherapy as well as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) are used to treat advanced HCC. TACE and HAIC have long been the standard of care for patients with unresectable HCC but are limited to the treatment of intrahepatic lesions. Systemic chemotherapy with doxorubicin or chemohormonal therapy with tamoxifen have also been considered, but neither has demonstrated survival benefits. In the treatment of unresectable advanced HCC, cisplatin is administered transhepatic arterially for local treatment. Subsequently, for cisplatin-refractory cases due to drug resistance, a shift to systemic therapy with a different mechanism of action is expected to produce new antitumor effects. Cisplatin is also used for the treatment of liver tumors other than HCC. This review summarizes the action and resistance mechanism of cisplatin and describes the treatment of the major hepatobiliary cancers for which cisplatin is used as an anticancer agent, with a focus on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hamaya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun 761-0793, Japan
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9
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Bozonet SM, Magon NJ, Schwartfeger AJ, Konigstorfer A, Heath SG, Vissers MCM, Morris VK, Göbl C, Murphy JM, Salvesen GS, Hampton MB. Oxidation of caspase-8 by hypothiocyanous acid enables TNF-mediated necroptosis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104792. [PMID: 37150321 PMCID: PMC10267563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death triggered by various host and pathogen-derived molecules during infection and inflammation. The essential step leading to necroptosis is phosphorylation of the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3. Caspase-8 cleaves receptor-interacting protein kinases to block necroptosis, so synthetic caspase inhibitors are required to study this process in experimental models. However, it is unclear how caspase-8 activity is regulated in a physiological setting. The active site cysteine of caspases is sensitive to oxidative inactivation, so we hypothesized that oxidants generated at sites of inflammation can inhibit caspase-8 and promote necroptosis. Here, we discovered that hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), an oxidant generated in vivo by heme peroxidases including myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase, is a potent caspase-8 inhibitor. We found HOSCN was able to promote necroptosis in mouse fibroblasts treated with tumor necrosis factor. We also demonstrate purified caspase-8 was inactivated by low concentrations of HOSCN, with the predominant product being a disulfide-linked dimer between Cys360 and Cys409 of the large and small catalytic subunits. We show oxidation still occurred in the presence of reducing agents, and reduction of the dimer was slow, consistent with HOSCN being a powerful physiological caspase inhibitor. While the initial oxidation product is a dimer, further modification also occurred in cells treated with HOSCN, leading to higher molecular weight caspase-8 species. Taken together, these findings indicate major disruption of caspase-8 function and suggest a novel mechanism for the promotion of necroptosis at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Bozonet
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Andreas Konigstorfer
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah G Heath
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa K Morris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christoph Göbl
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James M Murphy
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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10
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Plekratoke K, Boonyarat C, Monthakantirat O, Nualkaew N, Wangboonskul J, Awale S, Chulikhit Y, Daodee S, Khamphukdee C, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Waiwut P. The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Mesua ferrea Linn Flower on Alzheimer's Disease and Its Underlying Mechanism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4063-4079. [PMID: 37232728 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Mesua ferrea Linn flower (MFE) extract on the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were determined by an in vitro and cell culture model in the search for a potential candidate for the treatment of AD. The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay exhibited that the MFE extract had antioxidant activities. According to the Ellman and the thioflavin T method's result, the extracts could inhibit acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Studies on neuroprotection in cell culture found that the MFE extract could reduce the death of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) caused by H2O2 and Aβ. Western blot analysis exhibited that the MFE extract alleviated H2O2-induced neuronal cell damage by downregulating the pro-apoptotic proteins, including cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and by enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic markers including MCl1, BClxl, and survivin. Moreover, MFE extract inhibited the expression of APP, presenilin 1, and BACE, and increased the expression of neprilysin. In addition, the MFE extract could enhance scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. Overall, results showed that the MFE extract had several modes of action related to the AD pathogenesis cascade, including antioxidants, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-Aβ aggregation, and neuroprotection against oxidative stress and Aβ. Therefore, the M. ferrea L. flower might be a possibility for further development as a medication for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Natsajee Nualkaew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jinda Wangboonskul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thummasart University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Daodee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Charinya Khamphukdee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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11
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Minerva, Bhat A, Verma S, Chander G, Jamwal RS, Sharma B, Bhat A, Katyal T, Kumar R, Shah R. Cisplatin-based combination therapy for cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:530-536. [PMID: 37470570 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_792_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, that is, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum is a coordinate compound that is mainly preferred as prior treatment against several solid tumors and malignancies like ovaries, head and neck, testicular, and lung cancers because of its anticancer activity. Cisplatin binds at the N7 position of purine and forms adducts, leading to altered activity of DNA that triggers apoptosis. DNA damage is followed by several signaling pathways like induced oxidative stress, upregulated p53, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) or Akt pathways along with induced apoptosis. Additionally, cisplatin treatment comes with few disadvantages such as toxic effects, that is, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, etc., and drug resistance. Furthermore, to overcome cisplatin resistance and toxicological effects, combination drug therapy has been considered. The aim of the review is to focus on the molecular mechanism of action of cisplatin and combination drug therapy to reduce the side effects in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva
- ICMR-CAR, School of Biotechnology, SMVDU, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amrita Bhat
- ICMR-CAR, School of Biotechnology, SMVDU, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sonali Verma
- ICMR-CAR, School of Biotechnology, SMVDU, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gresh Chander
- ICMR-CAR, School of Biotechnology, SMVDU, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Bhawani Sharma
- ICMR-CAR, School of Biotechnology, SMVDU, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Taruna Katyal
- Reproductive Biology Maternal, Child Health and Nutrition Division, ICMR, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- ICMR-CAR, School of Biotechnology, SMVDU, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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12
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Johnson A, Olelewe C, Kim JH, Northcote-Smith J, Mertens RT, Passeri G, Singh K, Awuah SG, Suntharalingam K. The anti-breast cancer stem cell properties of gold(i)-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:557-565. [PMID: 36741517 PMCID: PMC9847679 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-breast cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of a series of gold(i) complexes comprising various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and triphenylphosphine 1-8 are reported. The most effective gold(i)-NSAID complex 1, containing indomethacin, exhibits greater potency for breast CSCs than bulk breast cancer cells (up to 80-fold). Furthermore, 1 reduces mammosphere viability to a better extent than a panel of clinically used breast cancer drugs and salinomycin, an established anti-breast CSC agent. Mechanistic studies suggest 1-induced breast CSC death results from breast CSC entry, cytoplasm localisation, an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, cyclooxygenase-2 downregulation and inhibition, and apoptosis. Remarkably, 1 also significantly inhibits tumour growth in a murine metastatic triple-negative breast cancer model. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first gold complex of any geometry or oxidation state to demonstrate anti-breast CSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of LeicesterLeicesterUK,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - R. Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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13
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Fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging of lipofuscin-like autofluorescence for label-free predicting clinical drug response in cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102578. [PMID: 36566738 PMCID: PMC9804248 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional techniques for in vitro cancer drug screening require labor-intensive formalin fixation, paraffin embedding, and dye staining of tumor tissues at fixed endpoints. This way of assessment discards the valuable pharmacodynamic information in live cells over time. Here, we found endogenous lipofuscin-like autofluorescence acutely accumulated in the cell death process. Its unique red autofluorescence could report the apoptosis without labeling and continuously monitor the treatment responses in 3D tumor-culture models. Lifetime imaging of lipofuscin-like red autofluorescence could further distinguish necrosis from apoptosis of cells. Moreover, this endogenous fluorescent marker could visualize the apoptosis in live zebrafish embryos during development. Overall, this study validates that lipofuscin-like autofluorophore is a generic cell death marker. Its characteristic autofluorescence could label-free predict the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs in organoids or animal models.
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14
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Khan HA, Al‐Hoshani A, Isab AA, Alhomida AS. A Gold(III) Complex with Potential Anticancer Properties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb A. Khan
- FRCPath, FRSC Department of Biochemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al‐Hoshani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alhomida
- FRCPath, FRSC Department of Biochemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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15
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Li Y, Ren L, Gao T, Chen T, Han J, Wang Y. A coumarin-based fluorescent probe for sensitive monitoring H2O2 in water and living cells. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Romani AM. Cisplatin in Cancer Treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Taylor MF, Black MA, Hampton MB, Ledgerwood EC. Insights into H 2O 2-induced signaling in Jurkat cells from analysis of gene expression. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:666-676. [PMID: 36630571 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2165073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a ubiquitous oxidant produced in a regulated manner by various enzymes in mammalian cells. H2O2 reversibly oxidizes thiol groups of cysteine residues to mediate intracellular signaling. While examples of H2O2-dependent signaling have been reported, the exact molecular mechanism(s) of signaling and the pathways affected are not well understood. Here, the transcriptomic response of Jurkat T cells to H2O2 was investigated to determine global effects on gene expression. With a low H2O2 concentration (10 µM) that did not induce an oxidative stress response or cell death, extensive changes in gene expression occurred after 4 h (6803 differentially expressed genes). Of the genes with a greater then 2-fold change in expression, 85% were upregulated suggesting that in a physiological setting H2O2 predominantly activates gene expression. Pathway analysis identified gene expression signatures associated with FOXO and NTRK signaling. These signatures were associated with an overlapping set of transcriptional regulators. Overall, our results provide a snapshot of gene expression changes in response to H2O2, which, along with further studies, will lead to new insights into the specific pathways that are activated in response to endogenous production of H2O2, and the molecular mechanisms of H2O2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan F Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth C Ledgerwood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Huang B, Jin L, Zhang L, Cui X, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Yu L, Ma T, Zhang H. Aquaporin-8 transports hydrogen peroxide to regulate granulosa cell autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:897666. [PMID: 36081911 PMCID: PMC9445271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.897666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-8 (AQP8), a member of the aquaporin family, is strongly expressed in follicular granulosa cells, which could affect the hormone secretion level in females. AQP8, as a membrane protein, could mediate H2O2 into cells, thereby triggering various biological events. The deficiency of Aqp8 increases female fertility, resulting from the decrease in follicular atresia. The low cell death rate is related to the apoptosis of granulosa cells. However, the mechanism by which AQP8 regulates the autophagy of granulosa cells remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effect of AQP8 on autophagy in follicular atresia. We found that the expression of the autophagy marker light-chain protein 3 was significantly downregulated in the granulosa cells of Aqp8-knockout (Aqp8−/−) mice, compared with wild-type (Aqp8+/+) mice. Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopic examination indicated that the number of autophagosomes in the granulosa cells of Aqp8−/− mice decreased. Using a follicular granulosa cell autophagy model, namely a follicular atresia model, we verified that the concentration of H2O2 significantly increased during the autophagy of granulosa cells, consistent with the Aqp8 mRNA level. Intracellular H2O2 accumulation was modulated by endogenous AQP8 expression level, indicating that AQP8-mediated H2O2 was involved in the autophagy of granulosa cells. AQP8 deficiency impaired the elevation of H2O2 concentration through phosphorylated tyrosine activation. In addition, we carried out the analysis of transcriptome sequencing datasets in the ovary and found there were obvious differences in principal components, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and KEGG pathways, which might be involved in AQP8-regulated follicular atresia. Taken together, these findings indicated that AQP8-mediated H2O2 transport could mediate the autophagy of granulosa cells. AQP8 might be a potential target for diseases related to ovarian insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingling Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Luodan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongqi Lu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lujia Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: He Zhang,
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19
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Tang X, Steinman AD, Xue Q, Xu Y, Xie L. Simultaneous electrochemical removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and sulfamethoxazole and its ecologic impacts on Vallisneria spiralis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152769. [PMID: 34990666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous removal effects of electrochemical oxidation with boron-doped diamond anodes at different current densities were tested on Microcystis aeruginosa and sulfamethoxazole. Flow cytometry and non-invasive micro-test technology were applied to study the physiological states of M. aeruginosa and Vallisneria spiralis leaf cells. As the current density increased, the degradation effect of electrochemical oxidation on sulfamethoxazole and microcystin-LR increased and exceeded 60% within 6 h. In addition, population density of M. aeruginosa, fluorescence response of chlorophyll a, and cytoplasmic membrane integrity decreased, whereas the proportion of cells with excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. The effect of electrochemical oxidation on the cell population of M. aeruginosa continued after the power was turned off. The physiological state of V. spiralis leaf cells was not severely affected at 10 mA/cm2 for 24 h. Higher current intensity and longer electrolysis time would induce apoptosis or necrosis. In order to achieve a higher target pollutant removal effect and simultaneously avoid damage to the lake ecosystem, the current intensity of the electrochemical oxidation device should not exceed 10 mA/cm2, and a single electrolysis treatment should range from 6 h to 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Qingju Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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20
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Azmanova M, Pitto-Barry A. Oxidative stress in cancer therapy: Friend or enemy? Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100641. [PMID: 35015324 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excessive cellular oxidative stress is widely perceived as a key factor in pathophysiological conditions and cancer development. Healthy cells use several mechanisms to maintain intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and overall redox homeostasis to avoid damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Cancer cells, in contrast, exhibit elevated ROS levels and upregulated protective antioxidant pathways. Counterintuitively, such elevated oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant defence mechanisms in cancer cells provide a therapeutic opportunity for the development of drugs with different anticancer mechanisms of action (MoA). In this review, oxidative stress and the role of ROS in cells are described. The tumour-suppressive and tumour-promotive functions of ROS are discussed to compare these two different therapeutic strategies (increasing or decreasing ROS to fight cancer). Clinically approved drugs with demonstrated oxidative stress anticancer MoAs are highlighted before describing examples of metal-based anticancer drug candidates causing oxidative stress in cancer cells via novel MoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azmanova
- University of Bradford, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Université Paris-Saclay: Universite Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, FRANCE
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21
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Rose E, Moraes A, Shiroma T, Nitz N, Rosa ADC, Pratesi R, Hagström L, de Carvalho JL, Hecht M. Host DNA repair response to oxidative damage is modulated by Trypanosoma cruzi in a strain-dependent manner. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106127. [PMID: 34509459 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The conservation of genomic integrity and stability is essential for cell survival. DNA Damage Responses (DDRs) are considered of paramount importance for all living beings and involve mechanisms of cell cycle regulation and damage-specific DNA repair pathways. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a compound that, in supraphysiological concentrations, damages biomolecules including the DNA, causing base modifications and strand breaks. There is evidence that Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas disease, interferes in the host cell's DNA metabolism. In order to investigate the influence of T. cruzi infection over the host cell capacity to withstand and repair DNA damage, we analyzed L6 cells infected with Berenice, and Colombiana T. cruzi strains according to their viability, proliferation, morphology, DNA degradation, expression of DNA repair, and cell cycle genes following H2O2 treatment. It was noted that T. cruzi infection might act as either a stressor or a protective element of host DNA, depending on the strain and H2O2 concentration. Cells infected with Berenice strain and treated with 0.8 mM H2O2 presented a reduced DNA damage response intensity (e.g., BER and HR). Infection with T. cruzi Colombiana prevented the activation of DNA repair pathways in response to 0.8mM and 1.6mM H2O2 (NER and MMR). Nevertheless, since cellular viability was not significantly compromised in Colombiana-infected cells following the oxidative insult, it is possible that the parasite directly influenced the host DNA repair machinery. Our results support the notion that T. cruzi is able to modulate the host cell DNA metabolism in a strain-dependent manner, an event which can be explored in future drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Rose
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Aline Moraes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Shiroma
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana de Cássia Rosa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Pratesi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Hagström
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott de Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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22
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Fan Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Dong X, Gao P, Liu K, Ma C, Zhao G. Breaking Bad: Autophagy Tweaks the Interplay Between Glioma and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746621. [PMID: 34671362 PMCID: PMC8521049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though significant strides in tumorigenic comprehension and therapy modality have been witnessed over the past decades, glioma remains one of the most common and malignant brain tumors characterized by recurrence, dismal prognosis, and therapy resistance. Immunotherapy advance holds promise in glioma recently. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy varies among individuals with glioma, which drives researchers to consider the modest levels of immunity in the central nervous system, as well as the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Considering the highly conserved property for sustaining energy homeostasis in mammalian cells and repeatedly reported links in malignancy and drug resistance, autophagy is determined as a cutting angle to elucidate the relations between glioma and the TIME. In this review, heterogeneity of TIME in glioma is outlined along with the reciprocal impacts between them. In addition, controversies on whether autophagy behaves cytoprotectively or cytotoxically in cancers are covered. How autophagy collapses from its homeostasis and aids glioma malignancy, which may depend on the cell type and the cellular context such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, are briefly discussed. The consecutive application of autophagy inducers and inhibitors may improve the drug resistance in glioma after overtreatments. It also highlights that autophagy plays a pivotal part in modulating glioma and the TIME, respectively, and the intricate interactions among them. Specifically, autophagy is manipulated by either glioma or tumor-associated macrophages to conform one side to the other through exosomal microRNAs and thereby adjust the interactions. Given that some of the crosstalk between glioma and the TIME highly depend on the autophagy process or autophagic components, there are interconnections influenced by the status and well-being of cells presumably associated with autophagic flux. By updating the most recent knowledge concerning glioma and the TIME from an autophagic perspective enhances comprehension and inspires more applicable and effective strategies targeting TIME while harnessing autophagy collaboratively against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuechao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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23
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Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang B. Redox and catalase-like activities of four widely used carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CO-RMs). Chem Sci 2021; 12:13013-13020. [PMID: 34745532 PMCID: PMC8513939 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological roles of the endogenous signaling molecule, carbon monoxide (CO), have been extensively studied and validated in cell culture and animal models. Further, evidence supporting the therapeutic effects of CO in various human diseases has been mounting over the last two decades. Along this line, there has been intensive interest in developing various delivery forms including CO gas, CO in solution, metal–carbonyl complexes widely known as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), and organic CO prodrugs. Among them, two ruthenium-based carbonyl complexes, CORM-2 and -3, occupy a very special place because they have been used in over 500 published studies. One of the mechanisms for CO's actions is known to be through attenuation of oxidative stress and regulation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For this reason, it is important that CO delivery forms do not have intrinsic chemical redox properties. Herein, we describe our findings of catalase-like activities of CORM-2 and -3 in a CO-independent fashion, leading to the rapid degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) and in cell culture media. Further, we have found that CORM-2 and CORM-3 possess potent radical scavenging abilities. We have also studied two other widely used CO donors: CORM-401 and CORM-A1. Both showed chemical reactivity with ROS, but to a lesser degree than CORM-2 and -3. Because of the central role of ROS in some of the proposed mechanisms of actions for CO biology, the discovery of intrinsic chemical redox properties for these CO-RMs means that additional attention in designing proper controls is needed in future biological experiments using these CO-RMs for their CO-donating functions. Further, much more work is needed to understand the true implications of the chemical reactivity of these CO-RMs in cell-culture and animal-model studies of CO biology. Four CO-releasing molecules are found to degrade H2O2 and free radicals either catalytically (CORM-2 and -3) or through direct reactions (CORM-401 and -A1) in solution under near-physiological conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA
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24
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Abstract
Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, due to multiple technical challenges, it is hard to capture a comprehensive readout of the cell, involving both biochemical and functional status. We addressed this problem by developing a fully parallelized workflow for metabolomics (providing absolute quantities for > 100 metabolites including TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis) and live cell imaging microscopy. The correlative imaging strategy was applied to study morphological and metabolic adaptation of cancer cells upon short-term hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure in vitro. The combination provided rich metabolic information at the endpoint of exposure together with imaging of mitochondrial effects. As a response, superoxide concentrations were elevated with a strong mitochondrial localization, and multi-parametric image analysis revealed a shift towards fragmentation. In line with this, metabolism reflected both the impaired mitochondrial function and shifts to support the first-line cellular defense and compensate for energy loss. The presented workflow combining high-end technologies demonstrates the applicability for the study of short-term oxidative stress, but it can be suitable for the in-depth study of various short-term oxidative and other cellular stress-related phenomena.
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25
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Kumar S, Theis T, Tschang M, Nagaraj V, Berthiaume F. Reactive Oxygen Species and Pressure Ulcer Formation after Traumatic Injury to Spinal Cord and Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071013. [PMID: 34202655 PMCID: PMC8300734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries to the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, lead to neurological dysfunction depending upon the severity of the injury. Due to the loss of motor (immobility) and sensory function (lack of sensation), spinal cord injury (SCI) and brain injury (TBI) patients may be bed-ridden and immobile for a very long-time. These conditions lead to secondary complications such as bladder/bowel dysfunction, the formation of pressure ulcers (PUs), bacterial infections, etc. PUs are chronic wounds that fail to heal or heal very slowly, may require multiple treatment modalities, and pose a risk to develop further complications, such as sepsis and amputation. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the formation of PUs in patients with TBI and SCI. Decades of research suggest that ROS may be key players in mediating the formation of PUs. ROS levels are increased due to the accumulation of activated macrophages and neutrophils. Excessive ROS production from these cells overwhelms intrinsic antioxidant mechanisms. While short-term and moderate increases in ROS regulate signal transduction of various bioactive molecules; long-term and excessively elevated ROS can cause secondary tissue damage and further debilitating complications. This review discusses the role of ROS in PU development after SCI and TBI. We also review the completed and ongoing clinical trials in the management of PUs after SCI and TBI using different technologies and treatments, including antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-6581
| | - Thomas Theis
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA; (T.T.); (V.N.)
| | - Monica Tschang
- School of Art and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Vini Nagaraj
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA; (T.T.); (V.N.)
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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26
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Kowsari G, Mehrabi S, Soleimani Asl S, Pourhamzeh M, Mousavizadeh K, Mehdizadeh M. Nicotine and modafinil combination protects against the neurotoxicity induced by 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in hippocampal neurons of male rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101986. [PMID: 34119664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a common recreational drug of abuse which causes neurodegeneration. Nicotine and modafinil provide antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and may be beneficial in the management of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to characterize how acute and chronic administration of nicotine and/or modafinil exert protective effects against the MDMA-induced impaired cognitive performance, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. Adult male rats were divided into three groups, namely control, MDMA and treatment (modafinil and/or nicotine). MDMA (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally during a three-week schedule (two times/day for two consecutive days/week). The treated-groups were classified based on the acute or chronic status of treatment. In the groups which underwent acute treatments, nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) and/or modafinil (100 mg/kg) were injected just prior to the MDMA administration (acute nicotine (NA), acute modafinil (MA), and acute nicotine and modafinil (NMA)). In the rats which received chronic treatments, nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) and/or modafinil (100 mg/kg) were injected every day during the three week-schedule administration of MDMA (chronic nicotine (NC), chronic modafinil (MC), and chronic nicotine and modafinil (NMC)). Learning and memory performance, as well as avoidance response, were assessed by Morris water maze and Shuttle box, respectively. Our findings indicate enhanced learning and memory and avoidance response in the NMC group. By TUNEL test and Cresyl Violet staining we evaluated neuronal loss and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 and found increased neuronal viability in the NMC group. On the other hand, chronic administration of modafinil and nicotine significantly down-regulated the caspase 3 and up-regulated both BDNF and TrkB levels in the MDMA-received rats. The serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated and we found that the alterations of serum levels of GPx and TAC were considerably prevented in the NMC group. The overall results indicate that nicotine and modafinil co-administration rescued brain from MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. We suggest that nicotine and modafinil combination therapy could be considered as a possible treatment to reduce the neurological disorders induced by MDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshad Kowsari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:890. [PMID: 34205998 PMCID: PMC8228183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of pathogens by the immune cells. NOX from phagocytes catalyzes, via one-electron trans-membrane transfer to molecular oxygen, the production of the superoxide anion. Over the years, six human homologs of the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the NOX2/gp91phox component present in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase assembly itself, the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. NOX are complex multidomain proteins with varying requirements for assembly with combinations of other proteins for activity. The recent structural insights acquired on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic NOX open new perspectives for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms inherent to NOX regulation and ROS production (superoxide or hydrogen peroxide). This new structural information will certainly inform new investigations of human disease. As specialized ROS producers, NOX enzymes participate in numerous crucial physiological processes, including host defense, the post-translational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. These diversities of physiological context will be discussed in this review. We also discuss NOX misregulation, which can contribute to a wide range of severe pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, lung fibrosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases, giving this family of membrane proteins a strong therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Isabelle Petit-Härtlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
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Johnson A, Iffland L, Singh K, Apfel UP, Suntharalingam K. A dithiacyclam-coordinated silver(i) polymer with anti-cancer stem cell activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5779-5783. [PMID: 33890607 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A cancer stem cell (CSC) active, solution stable, silver(i) polymeric complex bearing a dithiacyclam ligand is reported. The complex displays similar potency towards CSCs to salinomycin in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures. Mechanistic studies suggest CSC death results from cytosol entry, an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, and caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Linda Iffland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany. and Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
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Hering I, Eilebrecht E, Parnham MJ, Weiler M, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli AE, Modh H, Heng PWS, Böhmer W, Schäfers C, Fenske M, Wacker MG. Microparticle formulations alter the toxicity of fenofibrate to the zebrafish Danio rerio embryo. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 234:105798. [PMID: 33799113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients are released into the environment and pose a threat to aquatic organisms. Drug products using micro- and nanoparticle technology can lower these emissions into the environment by their increased bioavailability to the human patients. However, due to this enhanced efficacy, micro- and nanoscale drug delivery systems can potentially display an even higher toxicity, and thus also pose a risk to non-target organisms. Fenofibrate is a lipid-regulating agent and exhibits species-related hazards in fish. The ecotoxic effects of a fenofibrate formulation embedded into a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose microparticle matrix, as well as those of the excipients used in the formulation process, were evaluated. To compare the effects of fenofibrate without a formulation, fenofibrate was dispersed in diluted ISO water alone or dissolved in the solvent DMF and then added to diluted ISO water. The effects of these various treatments were assessed using the fish embryo toxicity test, acridine orange staining and gene expression analysis assessed by quantitative RT polymerase chain reaction. Exposure concentrations were assessed by chemical analysis. The effect threshold concentrations of fenofibrate microparticle precipitates were higher compared to the formulation. Fenofibrate dispersed in 20%-ISO-water displayed the lowest toxicity. For the fenofibrate formulation as well as for fenofibrate added as a DMF solution, greater ecotoxic effects were observed in the zebrafish embryos. The chemical analysis of the solutions revealed that more fenofibrate was present in the samples with the fenofibrate formulation as well as fenofibrate added as a DMF solution compared to fenofibrate dispersed in diluted ISO water. This could explain the higher ecotoxicity. The toxic effects on the zebrafish embryo thus suggested that the formulation as well as the solvent increased the bioavailability of fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Hering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marc Weiler
- MyBiotech GmbH, Industriestraße 1B, 66802, Überherrn, Germany
| | | | | | - Harshvardhan Modh
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Wet Science Building (S9), 5 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul W S Heng
- National University of Singapore, GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Wet Science Building (S9), 5 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore, Singapore
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Seddon AR, Liau Y, Pace PE, Miller AL, Das AB, Kennedy MA, Hampton MB, Stevens AJ. Genome-wide impact of hydrogen peroxide on maintenance DNA methylation in replicating cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:17. [PMID: 33761969 PMCID: PMC7992848 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental factors, such as oxidative stress, have the potential to modify the epigenetic landscape of cells. We have previously shown that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity can be inhibited by sublethal doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, site-specific changes in DNA methylation and the reversibility of any changes have not been explored. Using bead chip array technology, differential methylation was assessed in Jurkat T-lymphoma cells following exposure to H2O2. Results Sublethal H2O2 exposure was associated with an initial genome-wide decrease in DNA methylation in replicating cells, which was largely corrected 72 h later. However, some alterations were conserved through subsequent cycles of cell division. Significant changes to the variability of DNA methylation were also observed both globally and at the site-specific level. Conclusions This research indicates that increased exposure to H2O2 can result in long-term alterations to DNA methylation patterns, providing a mechanism for environmental factors to have prolonged impact on gene expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00388-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika R Seddon
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Yusmiati Liau
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Paul E Pace
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Allison L Miller
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Das
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Stevens
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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Vostrikova SM, Grinev AB, Gogvadze VG. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Carcinogenesis and Tumor Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1254-1266. [PMID: 33202210 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Strictly regulated balance between the formation and utilization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the basis of normal functioning of organisms. ROS play an important role in the regulation of many metabolic processes; however, excessive content of ROS leads to the development of various disorders, including oncological diseases, as a result of ROS-induced mutations in DNA. In tumors, high levels of oxygen radicals promote cell proliferation and metastasis. On the other hand, high content of ROS can trigger cell death, a phenomenon used in the antitumor therapy. Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants, as well as antioxidant enzyme systems, can inhibit ROS generation; however, they should be used with caution. Antioxidants can suppress ROS-dependent cell proliferation and metastasis, but at the same time, they may inhibit the death of tumor cells if the antitumor therapeutic agents stimulate oxidative stress. The data on the role of antioxidants in the death of tumor cells and on the effects of antioxidants taken as dietary supplements during antitumor therapy, are contradictory. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which antioxidants can affect tumor and healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vostrikova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.,I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A B Grinev
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V G Gogvadze
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia. .,Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
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Yu H, Li ZQ, Ou-Yang YY, Huang GH. Identification of four caspase genes from Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their regulations toward different apoptotic stimulations. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1158-1172. [PMID: 31793737 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays critical roles in multiple biological processes in multicellular organisms. Caspases are known as important participators and regulators of apoptosis. Here, four novel caspase genes of Spodoptera exigua were cloned and characterized, which were designated as SeCasp-1, SeCasp-6, SeCasp-7 and SeCasp-8. Analysis of the putative encoded protein sequences of these SeCasps indicated that SeCasp-1 and SeCasp-7 were possible homologs of executor caspases; SeCasp-8 was a possible homolog of initiator caspases; and SeCasp-6 was a unique caspase of S. exigua that shares low similarity with all the identified insect caspases. Based on baculovirus expression system analyses, SeCasp-1 exhibited similar caspase activity to human caspase-1, -3, -4, -6, -8 and -9; SeCasp-6 presented similar caspase activity to human caspase-2, -3, -4, -6, -8 and -9; SeCasp-7 exhibited similar caspase activity to human caspase-2, -3 and -6; and SeCasp-8 presented similar caspase activity only to human caspase-8. Induction with different chemicals revealed that SeCasp-1 showed extreme upregulation after 24 h in the treated fat body cell line (IOZCAS-Spex-II) of S. exigua. Developmental expression analysis revealed that SeCasp-1 was highly transcribed in the larval stages, while SeCasp-6, SeCasp-7, SeCasp-8 were down-regulated. The in vivo detection of the relative expression levels of SeCasps in S. eixgua larvae inoculated with different pathogens suggested that SeCasp-1 was sensitive to Bacillus thuringiensis infection and that SeCasp-6 was sensitive to baculovirus infection. SeCasp-7 and SeCasp-8 showed slight changes under either in vitro chemical apoptosis induction or in vivo pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Yi Ou-Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Rahman MM, Adeosun WA, Asiri AM. Fabrication of selective and sensitive chemical sensor development based on flower-flake La2ZnO4 nanocomposite for effective non-enzymatic sensing of hydrogen peroxide by electrochemical method. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tatli Seven P, Seven I, Karakus S, Iflazoglu Mutlu S, Arkali G, Muge Sahin Y, Kilislioglu A. Turkish Propolis and Its Nano Form Can Ameliorate the Side Effects of Cisplatin, Which Is a Widely Used Drug in the Treatment of Cancer. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091075. [PMID: 32825574 PMCID: PMC7570054 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of chitosan-coated nano-propolis (NP), which is synthesized via a green sonochemical method, and propolis on the side effects of cisplatin (CP), which is a widely used drug in the treatment of cancer. For this aim, 56 rats were divided into seven groups, balancing their body weights (BW). The study was designed as Control, CP (3 mg/kg BW at single dose of CP as intraperitoneal, ip), Propolis (100 mg/kg BW per day of propolis by gavage), NP-10 (10 mg/kg BW of NP per day by gavage), CP + Propolis (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 100 mg/kg BW of propolis), CP + NP-10 (3 mg/kg CP and 10 mg/kg BW of NP), and CP + NP-30 (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 30 mg/kg BW of NP). Propolis and NP (especially NP-30) were preserved via biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and activation of apoptotic pathways (anti-apoptotic protein: Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic protein: Bax) in liver and kidney tissues in the toxicity induced by CP. The NP were more effective than propolis at a dose of 30 mg/kg BW and had the potential to ameliorate CP's negative effects while overcoming serious side effects such as liver and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Tatli Seven
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; (P.T.S.); (S.I.M.)
| | - Ismail Seven
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-424-2370000
| | - Selcan Karakus
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; (P.T.S.); (S.I.M.)
| | - Gozde Arkali
- Department of Physiology, Firat State University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey;
| | - Yesim Muge Sahin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul Arel University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ayben Kilislioglu
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.K.)
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Takomthong P, Waiwut P, Yenjai C, Sripanidkulchai B, Reubroycharoen P, Lai R, Kamau P, Boonyarat C. Structure-Activity Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies of Coumarins from Toddalia asiatica as Multifunctional Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050107. [PMID: 32370238 PMCID: PMC7277748 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins, naturally occurring phytochemicals, display a wide spectrum of biological activities by acting on multiple targets. Herein, nine coumarins from the root of Toddalia asiatica were evaluated for activities related to pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They were examined for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and AChE- or self-induced amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activities, as well as neuroprotection against H2O2- and Aβ1-42-induced human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell damage. Moreover, in order to understand the mechanism, the binding interactions between coumarins and their targets: (i) AChE and (ii) Aβ1-42 peptide were investigated in silico. All coumarins exhibited mild to moderate AChE and self-induced Aβ aggregation inhibitory actions. In addition, the coumarins substituted with the long alkyl chain at position 6 or 8 illustrated ability to inhibit AChE-induced Aβ aggregation, resulting from their dual binding site at catalytic anionic site and peripheral active site in AChE. Moreover, the most potent multifunctional coumarin, phellopterin, could attenuate neuronal cell damage induced by H2O2 and Aβ1-42 toxicity. Conclusively, seven out of nine coumarins were identified as multifunctional agents inhibiting the pathogenesis of AD. The structure-activity relationship information obtained might be applied for further optimization of coumarins into a useful drug which may combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchayakarn Takomthong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Bungon Sripanidkulchai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.T.); (B.S.)
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prasert Reubroycharoen
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Ren Lai
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (R.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kamau
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (R.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.T.); (B.S.)
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-81-3073313 or +66-43-202305
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Tao J, Sun G, Li Q, Zhi X, Li Z, He Z, Chen H, Zhou A, Ye J, Xu G, Guan W, Zhang W. KIF15 promotes the evolution of gastric cancer cells through inhibition of reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9388-9398. [PMID: 32342525 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) is a member of the kinesin superfamily of proteins, which promotes cell mitosis, participates in the transport of intracellular materials, and helps structural assembly and cell signaling pathways transduction. However, its biological role and molecular mechanisms of action in the development of gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. In the present study, an integrated analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus database, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database was performed to predict the expression and prognostic value of KIF15 in GC patients. Detection of KIF15 expression in GC cells and tissues was performed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In vitro cell proliferation, viability, colony formation ability and flow cytometry assays, and in vivo tumorigenicity assay, were performed to evaluate the effects of KIF15 knockdown on GC cell phenotype. It was demonstrated that the expression of KIF15 messenger RNA in GC tissues was significantly higher compared with that in adjacent tissues, and was closely associated with larger tumor size and poor patient prognosis. In addition, functional studies demonstrated that, due to the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the interference with the expression of KIF15 not only decreased cell proliferation but also increased cell apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest. ROS-mediated activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun signaling reduced cell proliferation by regulating the GC cell cycle and increasing apoptosis. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that KIF15 is an oncoprotein contributing to GC progression, and is expected to help identify novel biomarkers and treatment targets in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Multitarget Activities of Kleeb Bua Daeng, a Thai Traditional Herbal Formula, Against Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13050079. [PMID: 32344916 PMCID: PMC7281753 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kleeb Bua Daeng formula (KBD) is a Thai traditional medicine for brain health promotion. On the basis of the activities of its individual components, the KBD could have good potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Herein, we investigated the KBD as an AD treatment. The ethanol extracts of KBD and its components, i.e., Nelumbo nucifera (NN), Piper nigrum fruits (BP), and the aerial part of Centella asiatica (CA) exhibited antioxidant activity, as determined by both ABTS and DPPH assays. The Ellman’s assay revealed that the KBD, NN, and BP showed an ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. The thioflavin T assay indicated that the KBD, NN, BP, and CA inhibited beta-amyloid aggregation. The neuroprotection and Western blot analysis revealed that the KBD reduced H2O2-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, i.e., cleaved caspase-9 and -3, p-P65, p-JNK, and p-GSK-3β, as well as by inducing expression of anti-apoptotic factors, i.e., MCl1, BClxl, and survivin. Furthermore, the KBD could improve scopolamine induced memory deficit in mice. Our results illustrate that the KBD with multimode action has the potential to be employed in AD treatment. Thus, the KBD could be used as an alternative novel choice for the prevention and treatment of patients with AD.
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Benhar M. Oxidants, Antioxidants and Thiol Redox Switches in the Control of Regulated Cell Death Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040309. [PMID: 32290499 PMCID: PMC7222211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well appreciated that biological reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and nitric oxide, as well as endogenous antioxidant systems, are important modulators of cell survival and death in diverse organisms and cell types. In addition, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and dysregulated cell death are implicated in a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Therefore, much effort is devoted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking oxidant/antioxidant systems and cell death pathways. This review is focused on thiol redox modifications as a major mechanism by which oxidants and antioxidants influence specific regulated cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Growing evidence indicates that redox modifications of cysteine residues in proteins are involved in the regulation of multiple cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, recent research suggests that thiol redox switches play a role in the crosstalk between apoptotic and necrotic forms of regulated cell death. Thus, thiol-based redox circuits provide an additional layer of control that determines when and how cells die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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39
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Isolation of an antioxidant peptide from krill protein hydrolysates as a novel agent with potential hepatoprotective effects. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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40
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Ulasov I, Fares J, Timashev P, Lesniak MS. Editing Cytoprotective Autophagy in Glioma: An Unfulfilled Potential for Therapy. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:252-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Hu X, Li H, Huang X, Zhu Z, Zhu H, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Chen H. Cell membrane-coated gold nanoparticles for apoptosis imaging in living cells based on fluorescent determination. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:175. [PMID: 32072312 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A nanoprobe was developed to achieve apoptosis detection by cell membrane-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP-pep@Mem). The fluorescence of the fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC)-labeled caspase-3 substrates was quenched by the attachment to AuNPs. The fluorescence signal was recovered via the cleavage of caspase-3 under apoptotic conditions. It exhibited a low detection limit of 1.3 pg·mL-1 with a linear range from 3.2 to 100 pg·mL-1 for caspase-3 detection with excitation wavelength of 490 nm. After wrapped by the cell membrane, the nanoprobe was effectively delivered into cells with high cell permeability. AuNP-pep@Mem nanoprobe provided signal enhancement of 1.8 times in living cells compared to non-membrane-coated nanoparticles (AuNP-pep). In combination with its excellent stability, low LOD and good specificity, the AuNP-pep@Mem probe can be an ideal probe for fluorescence imaging of apoptosis. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of fluorescent determination for apoptosis in living cells based on cell membrane-coated gold nanoparticls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Hu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crop, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Huang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Zhu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Gao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Varadaraj K, Kumari SS. Lens aquaporins function as peroxiporins to facilitate membrane transport of hydrogen peroxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:1025-1029. [PMID: 32063362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause oxidative stress in the lens and lead to cataractogenesis. The present investigation was undertaken to find out whether the mammalian lens aquaporins (AQPs) 0, 1, and 5 perform H2O2 transport across the plasma membrane to reduce oxidative stress. Our in vitro cell culture and ex vivo lens experiments demonstrated that in addition to the established water transport role, mouse AQP0, AQP1 and AQP5 facilitate transmembrane H2O2 transport and function as peroxiporins. Human lens epithelial cells expressing AQP1, AQP5 and AQP8, when treated with 50 μM HgCl2 water channel inhibitor showed a significant reduction in H2O2 transport. Data obtained from the experiments involving H2O2-degrading enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) knockout lenses showed H2O2 accumulation, suggesting H2O2 transport level by AQPs in the lens is regulated by GPX1. Under hyperglycemic conditions, there was an increased loss of transparency, and enhanced production and retention of H2O2 in AQP5-/- lenses compared to similarly-treated WT lenses. Overall, the results show that lens AQPs function as peroxiporins and cooperate with GPX1 to maintain lens H2O2 homeostasis to prevent oxidative stress, highlighting AQPs and GPX1 as promising therapeutic drug targets to delay/treat/prevent age-related lens cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Sindhu Kumari
- Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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Cisneros BT, Devaraj NK. Laccase-Mediated Catalyzed Fluorescent Reporter Deposition for Live-Cell Imaging. Chembiochem 2020; 21:98-102. [PMID: 31556173 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) is a widely established method for labeling biological samples analyzed using microscopy. Horseradish peroxidase, commonly used in CARD to amplify reporter signals, requires the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which may perturb samples used in live-cell microscopy. Herein we describe an alternative method of performing CARD using a laccase enzyme, which does not require exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Laccase is an oxidative enzyme which can carry out single-electron oxidations of phenols and related compounds by reducing molecular oxygen. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for this technique through the nontargeted covalent labeling of bovine serum albumin using a fluorescently labeled ferulic acid derivative as the laccase reporter substrate. We further demonstrate the viability of this approach by performing live-cell CARD with an antibody-conjugated laccase against a surface-bound target. CARD using laccase produces an amplified fluorescence signal by labeling cells without the need for exogenous hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Role of Catalase in Oxidative Stress- and Age-Associated Degenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9613090. [PMID: 31827713 PMCID: PMC6885225 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9613090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species produced in the cell during normal cellular metabolism can chemically react with cellular biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, thereby causing their oxidative modifications leading to alterations in their compositions and potential damage to their cellular activities. Fortunately, cells have evolved several antioxidant defense mechanisms (as metabolites, vitamins, and enzymes) to neutralize or mitigate the harmful effect of reactive species and/or their byproducts. Any perturbation in the balance in the level of antioxidants and the reactive species results in a physiological condition called “oxidative stress.” A catalase is one of the crucial antioxidant enzymes that mitigates oxidative stress to a considerable extent by destroying cellular hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen. Deficiency or malfunction of catalase is postulated to be related to the pathogenesis of many age-associated degenerative diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, vitiligo, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, and schizophrenia. Therefore, efforts are being undertaken in many laboratories to explore its use as a potential drug for the treatment of such diseases. This paper describes the direct and indirect involvement of deficiency and/or modification of catalase in the pathogenesis of some important diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vitiligo, and acatalasemia. Details on the efforts exploring the potential treatment of these diseases using a catalase as a protein therapeutic agent have also been described.
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Kim T, Li D, Terasaka T, Nicholas DA, Knight VS, Yang JJ, Lawson MA. SRXN1 Is Necessary for Resolution of GnRH-Induced Oxidative Stress and Induction of Gonadotropin Gene Expression. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2543-2555. [PMID: 31504396 PMCID: PMC6779075 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A defining characteristic of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad reproductive endocrine axis is the episodic secretion of the pituitary gonadotropin hormones LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary gonadotropes. Hormone secretion is dictated by pulsatile stimulation, with GnRH released by hypothalamic neurons that bind and activate the G protein-coupled GnRH receptor expressed by gonadotropes. Hormone secretion and synthesis of gonadotropins are influenced by the amplitude and frequency of GnRH stimulation; variation in either affects the proportion of LH and FSH secreted and the differential regulation of hormone subunit gene expression. Therefore, proper decoding of GnRH signals is essential for appropriate gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. The GnRH receptor robustly activates downstream signaling cascades to facilitate exocytosis and stimulate gene expression and protein synthesis. It is necessary to rapidly quench signaling to preserve sensitivity and adaptability to changing pulse patterns. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by receptor-activated oxidases fulfill the role of rapid signaling intermediates that facilitate robust and transient signaling. However, excess ROS can be detrimental and, unchecked, can confuse signal interpretation. We demonstrate that sulfiredoxin (SRXN1), an ATP-dependent reductase, is essential for normal responses to GnRH receptor signaling and plays a central role in resolution of ROS induced by GnRH stimulation. SRXN1 expression is mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent, and knockdown reduces Lhb and Fshb glycoprotein hormone subunit mRNA and promoter activity. Loss of SRXN1 leads to increased basal and GnRH-stimulated ROS levels. We conclude that SRXN1 is essential for normal responses to GnRH stimulation and plays an important role in ROS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeshin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Danmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tomohiro Terasaka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Dequina A Nicholas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Vashti S Knight
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joyce J Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark A Lawson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Mark A. Lawson, PhD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego Mail Code 0674, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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Boroda AV, Kipryushina YO, Odintsova NA. Chemical modulation of apoptosis in molluscan cell cultures. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:905-916. [PMID: 31230213 PMCID: PMC6717236 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the alterations that occur in larval molluscan cells after administration of apoptotic inducers and inhibitors used in mammalian cells in response to cold stress. This is the first report on apoptosis modulation in molluscan cells assessed by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial activity, general caspase activation, and membrane integrity of control molluscan cells were compared to those processes in frozen-thawed molluscan cells, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and human colon tumor cells prior to treatment and after incubation with apoptotic inducers or inhibitors. We tested three apoptotic inducers (staurosporine, camptothecin, and mitomycin C, routinely used for the chemical induction of apoptosis in different mammalian cells) and found that only staurosporine resulted in an evident apoptotic increase in molluscan cell cultures: 9.06% early apoptotic cells in comparison with 5.63% in control frozen-thawed cells and 20.6% late apoptotic cells in comparison with 10.68% in controls. Camptothecin did not significantly induce molluscan cell apoptosis but did cause a slight increase in the number of active cells after thawing. Mitomycin C produced similar results, but its effect was less pronounced. In addition, we hypothesize that the use of the apoptotic inhibitors could reduce apoptosis, which is significant after cryopreservation in molluscan cells; however, our attempts failed. Development in this direction is important for understanding the mechanisms of marine organisms' cold susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Victorovich Boroda
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky krai, 690041, Russia.
| | - Yulia Olegovna Kipryushina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky krai, 690041, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nelly Adolphovna Odintsova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky krai, 690041, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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Choi YI, Choi ES, Mun KH, Lee SG, Lee SJ, Jeong SW, Lee SW, Kim HC. Dual-responsive Gemini Micelles for Efficient Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E604. [PMID: 30960588 PMCID: PMC6523983 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric micelles as drug delivery vehicles are popular owing to several advantages. In this study, a gemini amphiphile (gemini mPEG-Cys-PMT) consisting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) and hydrophobic poly(methionine) with cystine disulfide spacer was synthesized and its micellar properties for thiol- or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent intracellular drug delivery were described. The cleavage of cystine linkage in a redox environment or the oxidation of methionine units in a ROS environment caused the destabilization of micelles. Such redox- or ROS-triggered micellar destabilization led to enhanced release of encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) to induce cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Further, the therapeutic effects of the DOX-loaded micelles were demonstrated using the KB cell line. This study shows that thiol and ROS dual-responsive gemini micelles are promising platforms for nano-drug delivery in various cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young In Choi
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Eun-Sook Choi
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Kwan Ho Mun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Se Guen Lee
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Sung Jun Lee
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Sang Won Jeong
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
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Sibomana I, Grobe N, DelRaso NJ, Reo NV. Influence of Myo-inositol Plus Ethanolamine on Plasmalogens and Cell Viability during Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:265-284. [PMID: 30604967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that treatment of rats with myo-inositol plus ethanolamine (ME) elevated brain ethanolamine plasmalogens (PE-Pls) and protected against phosphine-induced oxidative stress. Here we tested the hypothesis that ME treatment elevates PE-Pls in a neuro-2A (N2A) cell culture system and protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress, and we assessed the effects of treatments using myo-inositol with or without (+/-) ethanolamine on ethanolamine phospholipids (PLs) and cell viability following H2O2 exposure. Cells were treated with equimolar amounts (500 μM) of myo-inositol, ethanolamine (Etn), or their combination (ME) for 24 h, followed by an additional 24 h exposure to 650 μM H2O2. NMR analyses evaluated the treatment effects on Etn PLs, while LC-MS/MS analyses assessed the molecular species of Etn PLs preferentially affected by ME and H2O2 treatments, especially PE-Pls and their degradation byproducts-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE). Only ME influenced the cellular levels of PLs. ME yielded a 3-fold increase in PE-Pls and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ( p < 0.001) and a preferential 60% increase in PE-Pls containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA+MUFA), while polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) species increased by only 10%. Exposing cells to 650 μM H2O2 caused a significant cell death (56% viability), a 27% decrease in PE-Pls, a 201% increase in PUFA-rich LPE, and a ca. 3-fold increase in GPE. H2O2 had no impact on PE, suggesting that LPE and GPE were primarily the byproducts of PE-Pls (not PE) degradation. Surprisingly, ME pretreatment ameliorated H2O2 effects and significantly increased cell survival to 80% ( p < 0.05). Cellular PE-Pls levels prior to H2O2 treatment were highly correlated ( R2 = 0.95) with cell survival, suggesting a relationship between PE-Pls and cell protection. Data suggest that a preferential increase in PE-Pls containing SFA+MUFA species may protect cells from oxidative stress. Such studies aid in our understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms that may be associated with plasmalogens and the relevance of these phospholipids to neurodegenerative diseases/disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaie Sibomana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 162 Diggs Laboratory , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States.,Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nadja Grobe
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nicholas J DelRaso
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nicholas V Reo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 162 Diggs Laboratory , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen derivatives. Initially, they were considered as metabolic by-products (of mitochondria in particular), which consistently lead to aging and disease. Over the last decades, however, it became increasingly apparent that virtually all eukaryotic cells possess specifically ROS-producing enzymes, namely, NOX NADPH oxidases. In most mammals, there are seven NOX isoforms: three closely related isoforms, NOX1, 2, 3, which are activated by cytoplasmic subunits; NOX4, which appears to be constitutively active; and the EF-hand-containing Ca2+-activated isoforms NOX5 and DUOX1 and 2. Loss-of-function mutations in NOX genes can lead to serious human disease. NOX2 deficiency leads to primary immune deficiency, while DUOX2 deficiency presents as congenital hypothyroidism. Nox-deficient mice provide important tools to explore the physiological functions of various NADPH oxidases as a loss of function in Nox2, Nox3, and Duox2 leads to a spontaneous phenotype. The genetic absence of Nox1, Nox4, and Duox1 does not result in an obvious mouse phenotype (the NOX5 gene is absent in rodents and can therefore not be studied using knockout mice). Since the discovery of the NOX family at the turn of the millennium, much progress in understanding the biochemistry and the physiology of NOX has been made; however many questions remain unanswered to date. This chapter is an overview of our present knowledge on mammalian NOX/DUOX enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Buvelot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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50
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Ding Y, Jiang Z, Xia B, Zhang L, Zhang C, Leng J. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy for an animal model of PCOS-IR. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:316-324. [PMID: 30431108 PMCID: PMC6257859 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with unknown etiology and unsatisfactory clinical treatment. Considering the ethical limitations of studies involving humans, animal models that reflect features of PCOS and insulin resistance (IR) are crucial resources in investigating this syndrome. Our previous study showed that mitochondrial dysfunction resulted from pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and that oxidative stress had an active role in the phenotypic manifestation of PCOS-IR. Therefore, it was hypothesized that limiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage may be useful and effective for the clinical treatment of PCOS-IR. For this purpose, the present study examined the therapeutic effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10 for PCOS-IR. Furthermore, the histopathology was used to analysis the ovarian morphological changes. The endocrine and reproductive related parameters were analyzed by ELISA approach. A PCOS-IR model was successfully established by subcutaneous injection of rats with testosterone propionate and feeding a high-fat diet. The 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were then divided into three groups, comprising a control (n=10), animal model (PCOS-IR, n=10) and MitoQ10 treatment (n=10) group. It was found that MitoQ10 significantly improved the IR condition and reversed the endocrine and reproductive conditions of PCOS. In addition, the impaired mitochondrial functions were improved following MitoQ10 administration. Notably, western blot results suggested that this antioxidant reduced the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome c and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein, whereas the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-extra large was increased following MitoQ10 treatment. Taken together, the data indicated that the MitoQ10 may have a beneficial favorable therapeutic effect on animals with PCOS-IR, most likely via the protection of mitochondrial functions and regulation of programmed cell death-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhaochang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bohou Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Chinese Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Lizong Zhang
- Department of Experimental Animal Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Caijuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecological and Obstetrics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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