1
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Cheng J, Chen L, Zheng YN, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhang XM, Huang L, Yuan QL. Disfunction of dorsal raphe nucleus-hippocampus serotonergic-HTR3 transmission results in anxiety phenotype of Neuroplastin 65-deficient mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1393-1405. [PMID: 38528118 PMCID: PMC11192762 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric condition, but the etiology of anxiety disorders remains largely unclear. Our previous studies have shown that neuroplastin 65 deficiency (NP65-/-) mice exhibit abnormal social and mental behaviors and decreased expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) protein. However, whether a causal relationship between TPH2 reduction and anxiety disorders exists needs to be determined. In present study, we found that replenishment of TPH2 in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) enhanced 5-HT level in the hippocampus and alleviated anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, injection of AAV-NP65 in DRN significantly increased TPH2 expression in DRN and hippocampus, and reduced anxiety-like behaviors. Acute administration of exogenous 5-HT or HTR3 agonist SR57227A in hippocampus mitigated anxiety-like behaviors in NP65-/- mice. Moreover, replenishment of TPH2 in DRN partly repaired the impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) maintenance in hippocampus of NP65-/- mice. Finally, we found that loss of NP65 lowered transcription factors Lmx1b expression in postnatal stage and replenishment of NP65 in DRN reversed the decrease in Lmx1b expression of NP65-/- mice. Together, our findings reveal that NP65 deficiency induces anxiety phenotype by downregulating DRN-hippocampus serotonergic-HTR3 transmission. These studies provide a novel and insightful view about NP65 function, suggesting an attractive potential target for treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiong-Lan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Liang Y, Ormazabal-Toledo R, Yao S, Shi YS, Herrera-Molina R, Montag D, Lin X. Deafness causing neuroplastin missense variants fail to promote plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase levels and Ca 2+ transient regulation in brain neurons. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107474. [PMID: 38879011 PMCID: PMC11264175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing, the ability to sense sounds, and the processing of auditory information are important for perception of the world. Mice lacking expression of neuroplastin (Np), a type-1 transmembrane glycoprotein, display deafness, multiple cognitive deficiencies, and reduced expression of plasma membrane calcium (Ca2+) ATPases (PMCAs) in cochlear hair cells and brain neurons. In this study, we transferred the deafness causing missense mutations pitch (C315S) and audio-1 (I122N) into human Np (hNp) constructs and investigated their effects at the molecular and cellular levels. Computational molecular dynamics show that loss of the disulfide bridge in hNppitch causes structural destabilization of immunoglobulin-like domain (Ig) III and that the novel asparagine in hNpaudio-1 results in steric constraints and an additional N-glycosylation site in IgII. Additional N-glycosylation of hNpaudio-1 was confirmed by PNGaseF treatment. In comparison to hNpWT, transfection of hNppitch and hNpaudio-1 into HEK293T cells resulted in normal mRNA levels but reduced the Np protein levels and their cell surface expression due to proteasomal/lysosomal degradation. Furthermore, hNppitch and hNpaudio-1 failed to promote exogenous PMCA levels in HEK293T cells. In hippocampal neurons, expression of additional hNppitch or hNpaudio-1 was less efficient than hNpWT to elevate endogenous PMCA levels and to accelerate the restoration of basal Ca2+ levels after electrically evoked Ca2+ transients. We propose that mutations leading to pathological Np variants, as exemplified here by the deafness causing Np mutants, can affect Np-dependent Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms and may potentially cause intellectual and cognitive deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Ormazabal-Toledo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Songhui Yao
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dirk Montag
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Langnaese K, Tiwari N, Fischer KD, Thomas U, Korthals M. Neuroplastin splice variants Np55 and Np65: Who is doing the job in macrophages? Mol Immunol 2024; 170:57-59. [PMID: 38615628 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuroplastin, a paralog of CD147/Basigin, is known as a neuronal cell adhesion molecule and as an auxiliary subunit of plasma membrane calcium ATPases in both neurons and adaptive immune cells. Recently, an interesting study by Ren et al. (2022) provided evidence for an important role of neuroplastin in macrophages during bacterial infection. Here, we critically discuss one aspect of this study, the assignment of this role to Np65 as one of two prominent splice variants of neuroplastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Langnaese
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikhil Tiwari
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thomas
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mark Korthals
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.
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4
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Chen J, Lin X, Bhattacharya S, Wiesehöfer C, Wennemuth G, Müller K, Montag D. Neuroplastin Expression in Male Mice Is Essential for Fertility, Mating, and Adult Testosterone Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:177. [PMID: 38203350 PMCID: PMC10779036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Male reproduction depends on hormonally driven behaviors and numerous genes for testis development and spermatogenesis. Neuroplastin-deficient (Nptn-/-) male mice cannot sire offspring. By immunohistochemistry, we characterized neuroplastin expression in the testis. Breeding, mating behavior, hormonal regulation, testicular development, and spermatogenesis were analyzed in cell-type specific neuroplastin mutant mice. Leydig, Sertoli, peritubular myoid, and germ cells express Np, but spermatogenesis and sperm number are not affected in Nptn-/- males. Neuroplastin lack from CNS neurons or restricted to spermatogonia or Sertoli cells permitted reproduction. Normal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) blood levels in Nptn-/- males support undisturbed hormonal regulation in the brain. However, Nptn-/- males lack mounting behavior accompanied by low testosterone blood levels. Testosterone rise from juvenile to adult blood levels is absent in Nptn-/- males. LH-receptor stimulation raising intracellular Ca2+ in Leydig cells triggers testosterone production. Reduced Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase 1 (PMCA1) in Nptn-/- Leydig cells suggests that Nptn-/- Leydig cells produce sufficient testosterone for testis and sperm development, but a lack of PMCA-Np complexes prevents the increase from reaching adult blood levels. Behavioral immaturity with low testosterone blood levels underlies infertility of Nptn-/- males, revealing that Np is essential for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Chen
- Neurogenetics, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.C.); (X.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Xiao Lin
- Neurogenetics, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.C.); (X.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Soumee Bhattacharya
- Neurogenetics, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.C.); (X.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Caroline Wiesehöfer
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (C.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany; (C.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Karin Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research IZW, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Dirk Montag
- Neurogenetics, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.C.); (X.L.); (S.B.)
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5
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Lin X, Liang Y, Herrera-Molina R, Montag D. Neuroplastin in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1507. [PMID: 34680901 PMCID: PMC8535836 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases are insufficiently elucidated. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms may help to further improve medical intervention. Recently, intellectual abilities, creativity, and amnesia have been associated with neuroplastin, a cell recognition glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily that participates in synapse formation and function and calcium signaling. Data from animal models suggest a role for neuroplastin in pathways affected in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroplastin loss or disruption of molecular pathways related to neuronal processes has been linked to various neurological diseases, including dementia, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we review the molecular features of the cell recognition molecule neuroplastin, and its binding partners, which are related to neurological processes and involved in learning and memory. The emerging functions of neuroplastin may have implications for the treatment of diseases, particularly those of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liang
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Combinatorial NeuroImaging (CNI), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8307993, Chile
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Montag
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
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6
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Ilic K, Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Sedmak G, Rosenzweig I, Kalanj-Bognar S. Neuroplastin in human cognition: review of literature and future perspectives. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:394. [PMID: 34282131 PMCID: PMC8289873 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic glycoprotein neuroplastin is involved in synaptic plasticity and complex molecular events underlying learning and memory. Studies in mice and rats suggest that neuroplastin is essential for cognition, as it is needed for long-term potentiation and associative memory formation. Recently, it was found that some of the effects of neuroplastin are related to regulation of calcium homeostasis through interactions with plasma membrane calcium ATPases. Neuroplastin is increasingly seen as a key factor in complex brain functions, but studies in humans remain scarce. Here we summarize present knowledge about neuroplastin in human tissues and argue its genetic association with cortical thickness, intelligence, schizophrenia, and autism; specific immunolocalization depicting hippocampal trisynaptic pathway; potential role in tissue compensatory response in neurodegeneration; and high, almost housekeeping, level of spatio-temporal gene expression in the human brain. We also propose that neuroplastin acts as a housekeeper of neuroplasticity, and that it may be considered as an important novel cognition-related molecule in humans. Several promising directions for future investigations are suggested, which may complete our understanding of neuroplastin actions in molecular basis of human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Ilic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Mlinac-Jerkovic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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7
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Cross-Talk between Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Other Cell Surface Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050455. [PMID: 31091809 PMCID: PMC6562592 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute signaling circuits that transmit signals across the plasma membrane, regulating pivotal cellular processes like differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The malfunction of FGFs/FGFRs signaling axis is observed in numerous developmental and metabolic disorders, and in various tumors. The large diversity of FGFs/FGFRs functions is attributed to a great complexity in the regulation of FGFs/FGFRs-dependent signaling cascades. The function of FGFRs is modulated at several levels, including gene expression, alternative splicing, posttranslational modifications, and protein trafficking. One of the emerging ways to adjust FGFRs activity is through formation of complexes with other integral proteins of the cell membrane. These proteins may act as coreceptors, modulating binding of FGFs to FGFRs and defining specificity of elicited cellular response. FGFRs may interact with other cell surface receptors, like G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The cross-talk between various receptors modulates the strength and specificity of intracellular signaling and cell fate. At the cell surface FGFRs can assemble into large complexes involving various cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The interplay between FGFRs and CAMs affects cell–cell interaction and motility and is especially important for development of the central nervous system. This review summarizes current stage of knowledge about the regulation of FGFRs by the plasma membrane-embedded partner proteins and highlights the importance of FGFRs-containing membrane complexes in pathological conditions, including cancer.
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8
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Li H, Liu Y, Gao X, Liu L, Amuti S, Wu D, Jiang F, Huang L, Wang G, Zeng J, Ma B, Yuan Q. Neuroplastin 65 modulates anxiety- and depression-like behavior likely through adult hippocampal neurogenesis and central 5-HT activity. FEBS J 2019; 286:3401-3415. [PMID: 31034748 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplastin 65 (Np65) is a brain-specific cell adhesion molecule that is highly expressed in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex, regions of the brain that are associated with memory and emotions. However, the role of Np65 in regulation of emotional behavior is still unclear. In the present study, we show that Np65 knock-out (Np65 KO) mice display enhanced anxiety-like behavior, a reduction in some aspects of depressive-like behaviors, and increased sociability and memory. Biochemical investigations revealed that Np65 KO mice show increased adult-born neurons and proliferation in the hippocampus. In addition, the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hippocampus was reduced. The expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in the brainstem and the expression of the 5-HT3A receptor were also decreased. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed an impaired maintenance of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus of Np65 KO mice. Together, our findings uncover a role for Np65 in regulating anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and suggest that Np65 may be essential for the maintenance of emotional stability, indicating that it might be an attractive potential target for treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyiti Amuti
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Geying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiujiang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qionglan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Li W, Li M, Cao X, Yang M, Han H, Kong F, Yue X. Quantitative proteomic analysis of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins from donkey colostrum and mature milk. Food Funct 2019; 10:4256-4268. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The composition and functions of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are important indicators of the nutritional quality of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Li
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Mohan Li
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Hongjiao Han
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Fanhua Kong
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
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10
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Ilic K, Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Jovanov-Milosevic N, Simic G, Habek N, Bogdanovic N, Kalanj-Bognar S. Hippocampal expression of cell-adhesion glycoprotein neuroplastin is altered in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1602-1607. [PMID: 30488668 PMCID: PMC6349345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell‐adhesion glycoprotein neuroplastin (Np) is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and balancing hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory inputs which aids in the process of associative memory formation and learning. Our recent findings show that neuroplastin expression in the adult human hippocampus is specifically associated with major hippocampal excitatory pathways and is related to neuronal calcium regulation. Here, we investigated the hippocampal expression of brain‐specific neuroplastin isoform (Np65), its relationship with amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and potential involvement of neuroplastin in tissue response during the disease progression. Np65 expression and localization was analysed in six human hippocampi with confirmed AD neuropathology, and six age‐/gender‐matched control hippocampi by imunohistochemistry. In AD cases with shorter disease duration, the Np65 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the dentate gyrus (DG), Cornu Ammonis 2/3 (CA2/3), and subiculum, with the highest level of Np expression being located on the dendrites of granule cells and subicular pyramidal neurons. Changes in the expression of neuroplastin in AD hippocampal areas seem to be related to the progression of disease. Our study suggests that cell‐adhesion protein neuroplastin is involved in tissue reorganization and is a potential molecular marker of plasticity response in the early neurodegeneration process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Ilic
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Mlinac-Jerkovic
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natasa Jovanov-Milosevic
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Simic
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Habek
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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A complex of Neuroplastin and Plasma Membrane Ca 2+ ATPase controls T cell activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8358. [PMID: 28827723 PMCID: PMC5566957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of T cell activation is determined by mechanisms that balance Ca2+ influx and clearance. Here we report that murine CD4 T cells lacking Neuroplastin (Nptn -/-), an immunoglobulin superfamily protein, display elevated cytosolic Ca2+ and impaired post-stimulation Ca2+ clearance, along with increased nuclear levels of NFAT transcription factor and enhanced T cell receptor-induced cytokine production. On the molecular level, we identified plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases (PMCAs) as the main interaction partners of Neuroplastin. PMCA levels were reduced by over 70% in Nptn -/- T cells, suggesting an explanation for altered Ca2+ handling. Supporting this, Ca2+ extrusion was impaired while Ca2+ levels in internal stores were increased. T cells heterozygous for PMCA1 mimicked the phenotype of Nptn -/- T cells. Consistent with sustained Ca2+ levels, differentiation of Nptn -/- T helper cells was biased towards the Th1 versus Th2 subset. Our study thus establishes Neuroplastin-PMCA modules as important regulators of T cell activation.
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12
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Hu Y, Zhan Q, Zhang H, Liu X, Huang L, Li H, Yuan Q. Increased Susceptibility to Ischemic Brain Injury in Neuroplastin 65-Deficient Mice Likely via Glutamate Excitotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:110. [PMID: 28469561 PMCID: PMC5395575 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival in the adult brain. Neuroplastin 65 (Np65), one member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of CAMs, is brain-specific and highly expressed in rodent forebrain. The roles of Np65 in synaptic plasticity have been confirmed, however, whether Np65 affects neuronal survival remains unknown. To address this gap, we generated, to our knowledge, the first Np65 knockout (KO) mice. By occluding middle cerebral artery to perform ischemic stroke model, we showed that Np65 KO mice exhibited more severe neurological deficits and larger infarction volume measured by TTC staining and more apoptotic cells confirmed by TUNEL staining compared to wild type (WT) mice. Besides, western blot analysis showed that the vesicular glutamate transporter-1(VGluT1), and N-Methyl D-Aspartate receptors, including NR1, NR2A, and NR2B were significantly increased in Np65 KO mice compared with WT mice. In contrast, vesicular gamma amino butyric acid transporter (VGAT) levels were unchanged in two genotypes after stroke. Additionally, phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 levels were significantly increased in Np65 KO mice compared with WT mice after stroke. Together, these results suggest that Np65 KO mice may be more susceptible to ischemic events in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy, Jinggansan University School of MedicineJian, China
| | - Qin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Qionglan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Neuroplastin 65 mediates cognitive functions via excitatory/inhibitory synapse imbalance and ERK signal pathway. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 127:72-83. [PMID: 26691780 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplastin 65 (NP65) is a brain-specific glycoprotein component of synaptic membrane, which is predominantly located in the forebrain such as the cortex, amygdala and striatum and hippocampus. Previous studies have shown that NP65 is implicated in synaptic plasticity, so it was hypothesized to play roles in cognitive functions. To test this hypothesis, we generated NP65 knock-out (KO) mice and found that the null mice exhibited enhanced hippocampus-dependent learning and memory as manifested by Morris water maze test and step-through passive avoidance test, but showed anxiety-like behaviors as manifested by open field test and light/dark exploration test. In addition, molecular and cellular studies revealed several alterations including: (1) the enhanced ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses; (2) increased expression of NMDA receptors NR2A; (3) enhanced activation of ERK signaling; (4) lowered number of the mushroom- and bifurcate-shaped dendritic spines in NP65 KO mice. Together, our findings suggest that NP65 may mediate cognitive functions.
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Beesley PW, Herrera-Molina R, Smalla KH, Seidenbecher C. The Neuroplastin adhesion molecules: key regulators of neuronal plasticity and synaptic function. J Neurochem 2014; 131:268-83. [PMID: 25040546 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Neuroplastins Np65 and Np55 are neuronal and synapse-enriched immunoglobulin superfamily molecules that play important roles in a number of key neuronal and synaptic functions including, for Np65, cell adhesion. In this review we focus on the physiological roles of the Neuroplastins in promoting neurite outgrowth, regulating the structure and function of both inhibitory and excitatory synapses in brain, and in neuronal and synaptic plasticity. We discuss the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the Neuroplastins exert their physiological effects and how these are dependent upon the structural features of Np65 and Np55, which enable them to bind to a diverse range of protein partners. In turn this enables the Neuroplastins to interact with a number of key neuronal signalling cascades. These include: binding to and activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor; Np65 trans-homophilic binding leading to activation of p38 MAPK and internalization of glutamate (GluR1) receptor subunits; acting as accessory proteins for monocarboxylate transporters, thus affecting neuronal energy supply, and binding to GABAA α1, 2 and 5 subunits, thus regulating the composition and localization of GABAA receptors. An emerging theme is the role of the Neuroplastins in regulating the trafficking and subcellular localization of specific binding partners. We also discuss the involvement of Neuroplastins in a number of pathophysiological conditions, including ischaemia, schizophrenia and breast cancer and the role of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the human Neuroplastin (NPTN) gene locus in impairment of cortical development and cognitive functions. Neuroplastins are neuronal cell adhesion molecules, which induce neurite outgrowth and play important roles in synaptic maturation and plasticity. This review summarizes the functional implications of Neuroplastins for correct synaptic membrane protein localization, neuronal energy supply, expression of LTP and LTD, animal and human behaviour, and pathophysiology and disease. It focuses particularly on Neuroplastin binding partners and signalling mechanisms, and proposes perspectives for future research on these important immunoglobulin superfamily members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Beesley
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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Beesley P, Kraus M, Parolaro N. The neuroplastins: multifunctional neuronal adhesion molecules--involvement in behaviour and disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 8:61-89. [PMID: 25300133 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8090-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuroplastins np65 and np55 are neuronal and synapse-enriched immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecules that contain 3 and 2 Ig domains, respectively. Np65 is neuron specific whereas np55 is expressed in many tissues. They are multifunctional proteins whose physiological roles are defined by the partner proteins they bind to and the signalling pathways they activate. The neuroplastins are implicated in activity-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity. Thus neuroplastin-specific antibodies and a recombinant peptide inhibit long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurones. This is mediated by activation of the p38MAP kinase signalling pathway, resulting in the downregulation of the surface expression of GluR1 receptors. Np65, but not np55, exhibits trans-homophilic binding. Both np65 and np55 induce neurite outgrowth and both activate the FGF receptor and associated downstream signalling pathways. Np65 binds to and colocalises with GABA(A) receptor subtypes and may play a role in anchoring them to specific synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. Most recently the neuroplastins have been shown to chaperone and support the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in transporting lactate across the neuronal plasma membrane. Thus the neuroplastins are multifunctional adhesion molecules which support neurite outgrowth, modulate long-term activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, regulate surface expression of GluR1 receptors, modulate GABA(A) receptor localisation, and play a key role in delivery of monocarboxylate energy substrates both to the synapse and to extrasynaptic sites. The diverse functions and range of signalling pathways activated by the neuroplastins suggest that they are important in modulating behaviour and in relation to human disease.
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Wilson MC, Kraus M, Marzban H, Sarna JR, Wang Y, Hawkes R, Halestrap AP, Beesley PW. The neuroplastin adhesion molecules are accessory proteins that chaperone the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 to the neuronal cell surface. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78654. [PMID: 24260123 PMCID: PMC3832594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroplastins np65 and np55 are two synapse-enriched immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily adhesion molecules that contain 3 and 2 Ig domains respectively. Np65 is implicated in long term, activity dependent synaptic plasticity, including LTP. Np65 regulates the surface expression of GluR1 receptor subunits and the localisation of GABA(A) receptor subtypes in hippocampal neurones. The brain is dependent not only on glucose but on monocarboxylates as sources of energy. The. monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 1-4 are responsible for the rapid proton-linked translocation of monocarboxylates including pyruvate and lactate across the plasma membrane and require association with either embigin or basigin, proteins closely related to neuroplastin, for plasma membrane expression and activity. MCT2 plays a key role in providing lactate as an energy source to neurons. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Here we use co-transfection of neuroplastins and monocarboxylate transporters into COS-7 cells to demonstrate that neuroplastins can act as ancillary proteins for MCT2. We also show that Xenopus laevis oocytes contain endogenous neuroplastin and its knockdown with antisense RNA reduces the surface expression of MCT2 and associated lactate transport. Immunocytochemical studies show that MCT2 and the neuroplastins are co-localised in rat cerebellum. Strikingly neuroplastin and MCT2 are enriched in the same parasagittal zebrin II-negative stripes. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that neuroplastins act as key ancillary proteins for MCT2 cell surface localisation and activity in some neuronal populations, thus playing an important role in facilitating the uptake of lactate for use as a respiratory fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Kraus
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justyna R. Sarna
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yisong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Philip W. Beesley
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Neuroplastin expression in the hippocampus of mice lacking complex gangliosides. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:161-6. [PMID: 22638855 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report changes in neuroplastin gene and protein expression in the hippocampus of B4galnt1 null mice, which lacks complex ganglioside structures, compared with that of wild-type mice. Neuroplastin mRNA expression was significantly higher in the hippocampi of B4galnt1 null mice than in wild-type mice. Moreover, Western blot analysis shows increased neuroplastin protein levels of neuroplastin-55 isoform in B4galnt1 null hippocampal homogenates. Immunohistochemistry revealed a substantially different distribution of neuroplastin immunoreactivity in sagittal sections of the hippocampi derived from B4galnt1 null in comparison with those from wild-type mice. Most strikingly, B4galnt1 null mice had relatively little neuroplastin immunoreactivity in the pyramidal layer of CA1 and CA3, whereas wild-type mice had strong neuroplastin staining of pyramidal cells. Results of this study support the hypothesis that alterations of brain ganglioside expression influence the expression of neuroplastin. As both neuroplastin and gangliosides have important roles in synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and neurite outgrowth, it will be of particular interest to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between ganglioside composition and neuroplastin transcript and protein expression in the mammalian nervous system.
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Owczarek S, Berezin V. Neuroplastin: Cell adhesion molecule and signaling receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Owczarek S, Soroka V, Kiryushko D, Larsen MH, Yuan Q, Sandi C, Berezin V, Bock E. Neuroplastin-65 and a mimetic peptide derived from its homophilic binding site modulate neuritogenesis and neuronal plasticity. J Neurochem 2011; 117:984-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Owczarek S, Kiryushko D, Larsen MH, Kastrup JS, Gajhede M, Sandi C, Berezin V, Bock E, Soroka V. Neuroplastin-55 binds to and signals through the fibroblast growth factor receptor. FASEB J 2009; 24:1139-50. [PMID: 19952283 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-140509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplastin (Np) is a glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and existing in two isoforms, Np55 and Np65, named according to their molecular weights. The extracellular part of Np65 contains three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like modules (Ig1, Ig2, and Ig3), whereas Np55 lacks the Ig1 module. Of these two isoforms, only Np65 is involved in homophilic interactions resulting in cell adhesion, whereas the role of Np55 is poorly understood. The present study reports for the first time the crystal structure of the ectodomain of Np55 at 1.95-A resolution and demonstrates that Np55 binds to and activates the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). Furthermore, we identify a sequence motif in the Ig2 module of Np55 interacting with FGFR1 and show that a synthetic peptide encompassing this motif, termed narpin, binds to and activates FGFR1. We show that both Np55 and the narpin peptide induce neurite outgrowth through FGFR1 activation and that Np55 increases synaptic calcium concentration in an FGFR1-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that narpin has an antidepressive-like effect in rats subjected to the forced swim test, suggesting that Np55-induced signaling may be involved in synaptic plasticity in vivo. Owczarek, S., Kiryushko, D., Larsen, M. H., Kastrup, J. S., Gajhede, M., Sandi, C., Berezin, V., Bock, E., Soroka, V. Neuroplastin-55 binds to and signals through the fibroblast growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Owczarek
- Protein Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, Bldg. 24.2, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Identification of novel tumor antigens with patient-derived immune-selected antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 58:221-34. [PMID: 18568347 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of tumor antigens capable of eliciting an immune response in vivo may be an effective method to identify therapeutic cancer targets. We have developed a method to identify such antigens using frozen tumor-draining lymph node samples from breast cancer patients. Immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes were identified by immunostaining lymph node sections for B-cell markers (CD20&CD23) and Ki67 which revealed cell proliferation in germinal center zones. Antigen-dependent somatic hypermutation (SH) and clonal expansion (CE) were present in heavy chain variable (VH) domain cDNA clones obtained from these germinal centers, but not from Ki67 negative germinal centers. Recombinant VH single-domain antibodies were used to screen tumor proteins and affinity select potential tumor antigens. Neuroplastin (NPTN) was identified as a candidate breast tumor antigen using proteomic identification of affinity selected tumor proteins with a recombinant VH single chain antibody. NPTN was found to be highly expressed in approximately 20% of invasive breast carcinomas and 50% of breast carcinomas with distal metastasis using a breast cancer tissue array. Additionally, NPTN over-expression in a breast cancer cell line resulted in a significant increase in tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo which was related to increased VEGF production in the transfected cells. These results validate NPTN as a tumor-associated antigen which could promote breast tumor growth and metastasis if aberrantly expressed. These studies also demonstrate that humoral immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes can provide antibody reagents useful in identifying tumor antigens with applications for biomarker screening, diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.
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Bernstein HG, Smalla KH, Bogerts B, Gordon-Weeks PR, Beesley PW, Gundelfinger ED, Kreutz MR. The immunolocalization of the synaptic glycoprotein neuroplastin differs substantially between the human and the rodent brain. Brain Res 2007; 1134:107-12. [PMID: 17196182 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplastin is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that exists in two splice isoforms, np65/np55, and that was reported to play a prominent role in synaptic plasticity processes. The splice isoform np65 associates with synapses in an activity-dependent manner and has been shown to play a role for the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation in rodents. We have therefore analyzed the distribution of neuroplastins in human brain. Neuroplastin is present in many neuronal cell types of the forebrain and cerebellum and immunoreactive label covers the cell soma, neurites and also puncta in the neuropil were visible. Interestingly, we found some remarkable species differences in the expression patterns of neuroplastins between the human and the rodent brain. In human brain np65 is prominently present in cerebellum while np55 is the predominant isoform in mouse and rat cerebellum. Moreover, the parasagittal stripe-type of staining seen with np55 in mouse cerebellum is not found in human brain. In addition we found no segregation of np65 immunolabel in hippocampal subregions like it was reported previously for the rat. These results might indicate different cellular functions of the molecule in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Saito A, Fujikura-Ouchi Y, Kuramasu A, Shimoda K, Akiyama K, Matsuoka H, Ito C. Association study of putative promoter polymorphisms in the neuroplastin gene and schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2007; 411:168-73. [PMID: 17123723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A previous study revealed a number of methamphetamine (METH) and phencyclidine (PCP)-reactive tags in a rat brain through serial analysis of gene expression. The present study extends this previous study by investigating whether two genes, which deduced from METH/PCP-reactive tags, were identified as those encoding human transmembrane proteins of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, neuroplastin (NPTN) and basigin (BSG), confer genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia by analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There were nominally significant differences between the two groups in their allelic frequencies (T Ins/Del, chi2=4.910, d.f.=1, P=0.040) and genotypic distributions (T/T or T/Del, chi2=5.116, d.f.=1, P=0.036) of rs3840846 in the 5'-upstream of NPTN. The two groups differed significantly also in their allelic frequencies (G/T, chi2=4.229, d.f.=1, P=0.044), but not genotypic distributions of rs3743500 in the 5'-upstream of NPTN. The haplotypes constructed from the three SNPs (rs3840846, rs3826047 and rs3743500, in order) in the 5'-upstream of NPTN showed a significant association with schizophrenia (permutation P=0.036), in that T-G-T (permutation P=0.028) and del-G-G (permutation P=0.040) were under-represented and over-represented, respectively, in schizophrenia. A reporter construct driven by the 5'-upstream region containing any haplotype consisting of the three SNPs had substantial transcriptional activity. Notably, a reporter construct containing a haplotype T-G-T had significantly lower transcriptional activity as compared with one having a haplotype T-G-G or T-A-G. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding allelic frequencies, genotypic distribution or the adopted SNP-combinatory haplotype for BSG. These results suggest that NPTN may be involved in genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Su ZJ, Hahn CN, Goodall GJ, Reck NM, Leske AF, Davy A, Kremmidiotis G, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. A vascular cell-restricted RhoGAP, p73RhoGAP, is a key regulator of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:12212-7. [PMID: 15302923 PMCID: PMC514459 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404631101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a major therapeutic target. Ideal drug targets are genes expressed only in endothelial cells (ECs) or only during the angiogenic process. Here, we describe a gene, p73RhoGAP (p73), that has both of these properties. By using a PCR-based subtraction-hybridization approach to clone cDNAs from ECs undergoing capillary-tube formation, we identified a RhoGAP member, p73. p73 displays GTPase activity to Rho but not to Rac or Cdc42. Knockdown of p73 protein, achieved by adenovirus delivery of p73 antisense and by small interfering RNA into ECs, demonstrated the importance of this protein in EC function. Under such conditions, EC migration, proliferation, and capillary-tube formation were inhibited. Furthermore, angiogenesis in vivo was also inhibited by antisense p73. A mutant R82A alteration achieved a similar phenotype in vitro to the antisense, demonstrating the importance of the GTPase-activating protein activity to p73 function. Expression profiling of p73 shows that it is vascular cell-selective, being highly expressed in ECs and smooth-muscle cells but not in other cell types. Finally, we show that the mRNA of p73 is up-regulated in an angiogenic milieu with little or no regulation seen under nonangiogenic conditions. p73, a vascular cell-specific GTPase-activating protein, is an important modulator of angiogenesis and displays many of features that make it worthy of being a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Su
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Division of Human Immunology, Hanson Institute, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Buckby LE, Mummery R, Crompton MR, Beesley PW, Empson RM. Comparison of neuroplastin and synaptic marker protein expression in acute and cultured organotypic hippocampal slices from rat. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 150:1-7. [PMID: 15126032 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures can be used to study hippocampal biochemistry and physiology over a chronic period on the days to weeks timescale. In order to validate the organotypic hippocampal slice culture for our ongoing studies of synaptic function, we have compared, using Western blotting, the levels of a number of synaptic proteins from in vitro organotypic hippocampal slice cultures with those from in vivo hippocampal slices prepared from age-matched controls. We chose to follow the developmental expression of the neuroplastin (np) family of immunoglobulin related cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), np65, a brain specific isoform highly expressed in hippocampal neurones and np55 a more widely expressed isoform and two synaptic marker proteins, synaptophysin, a pre-synaptic marker and post-synaptic density protein-95, PSD95, a post-synaptic marker. All showed increasing expression over the developmental time period, both in vivo and in vitro. The level of both neuroplastins was also consistent between the in vivo and in vitro preparations, whereas the level of PSD95 was markedly increased in the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures while the level of synaptophysin was slightly decreased. Whilst these findings may indicate some differences in the composition and organisation of synapses, the developmental expression profiles of these synaptic proteins within organotypic hippocampal slice cultures suggests they are a valid model for the study of synapse function and development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Buckby
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
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Marzban H, Khanzada U, Shabir S, Hawkes R, Langnaese K, Smalla KH, Bockers TM, Gundelfinger ED, Gordon-Weeks PR, Beesley PW. Expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily neuroplastin adhesion molecules in adult and developing mouse cerebellum and their localisation to parasagittal stripes. J Comp Neurol 2003; 462:286-301. [PMID: 12794733 DOI: 10.1002/cne.10719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplastin (np) 55 and 65 are immunoglobulin superfamily members that arise by alternative splicing of the same gene and have been implicated in long-term activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Both biochemical and immunocytochemical data suggest that np55 is the predominant isoform (>95% of total neuroplastin) in cerebellum. Neuroplastin immunoreactivity is concentrated in the molecular layer and synaptic glomeruli in the granule cell layer. Expression in the molecular layer appears to be postsynaptic. First, neuroplastin is associated with Purkinje cell dendrites in two mouse granuloprival cerebellar mutants, disabled and cerebellar deficient folia. Second, in an acid sphingomyelinase knockout mouse with widespread protein trafficking defects, neuroplastin accumulates in the Purkinje cell somata. Finally, primary cerebellar cultures show neuroplastin expression in Purkinje cell dendrites and somata lacking normal histotypic organization and synaptic connections, and high-magnification views indicate a preferential association with dendritic spines. In the molecular layer, differences in neuroplastin expression levels present as a parasagittal array of stripes that alternates with that revealed by the expression of another compartmentation antigen, zebrin II/aldolase c. Neuroplastin immunoreactivity is first detected weakly at postnatal day 3 (P3) in the anterior lobe vermis. By P5, parasagittal stripes are already apparent in the immature molecular layer. At this stage, punctate deposits are also localised at the perimeter of the Purkinje cell perikarya; these are no longer detected by P15. The data suggest a role for neuroplastins in the development and maintenance of normal synaptic connections in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Marzban
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Genes and Development Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Abstract
Our understanding of the organization of postsynaptic signaling systems at excitatory synapses has been aided by the identification of proteins in the postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction, a subcellular fraction enriched in structures with the morphology of PSDs. In this study, we have completed the identification of most major proteins in the PSD fraction with the use of an analytical method based on mass spectrometry coupled with searching of the protein sequence databases. At least one protein in each of 26 prominent protein bands from the PSD fraction has now been identified. We found 7 proteins not previously known to be constituents of the PSD fraction and 24 that had previously been associated with the PSD by other methods. The newly identified proteins include the heavy chain of myosin-Va (dilute myosin), a motor protein thought to be involved in vesicle trafficking, and the mammalian homolog of the yeast septin protein cdc10, which is important for bud formation in yeast. Both myosin-Va and cdc10 are threefold to fivefold enriched in the PSD fraction over brain homogenates. Immunocytochemical localization of myosin-Va in cultured hippocampal neurons shows that it partially colocalizes with PSD-95 at synapses and is also diffusely localized in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons. Cdc10 has a punctate distribution in cell bodies and dendrites, with some of the puncta colocalizing with PSD-95. The results support a role for myosin-Va in transport of materials into spines and for septins in the formation or maintenance of spines.
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Smalla KH, Matthies H, Langnäse K, Shabir S, Böckers TM, Wyneken U, Staak S, Krug M, Beesley PW, Gundelfinger ED. The synaptic glycoprotein neuroplastin is involved in long-term potentiation at hippocampal CA1 synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:4327-32. [PMID: 10759566 PMCID: PMC18241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.080389297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplastin-65 and -55 (previously known as gp65 and gp55) are glycoproteins of the Ig superfamily that are enriched in rat forebrain synaptic membrane preparations. Whereas the two-Ig domain isoform neuroplastin-55 is expressed in many tissues, the three-Ig domain isoform neuroplastin-65 is brain-specific and enriched in postsynaptic density (PSD) protein preparations. Here, we have assessed the function of neuroplastin in long-term synaptic plasticity. Immunocytochemical studies with neuroplastin-65-specific antibodies differentially stain distinct synaptic neuropil regions of the rat hippocampus with most prominent immunoreactivity in the CA1 region and the proximal molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Kainate-induced seizures cause a significant enhancement of neuroplastin-65 association with PSDs. Similarly, long-term potentiation (LTP) of CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices enhanced the association of neuroplastin-65 with a detergent-insoluble PSD-enriched protein fraction. Several antibodies against the neuroplastins, including one specific for neuroplastin-65, inhibited the maintenance of LTP. A similar effect was observed when recombinant fusion protein containing the three extracellular Ig domains of neuroplastin-65 was applied to hippocampal slices before LTP induction. Microsphere binding experiments using neuroplastin-F(c) chimeric proteins show that constructs containing Ig1-3 or Ig1 domains, but not Ig2-3 domains mediate homophilic adhesion. These data suggest that neuroplastin plays an essential role in implementing long-term changes in synaptic activity, possibly by means of a homophilic adhesion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Smalla
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestrasse 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
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