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Izhyk VV, Poliudov AO, Dobrydnev AV, Omelian TV, Popova MV, Volovenko YM. Synthesis of alkyl isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide 3-carboxylates via the intramolecular carbo-Michael reaction strategy. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ferrante C, Recinella L, Locatelli M, Guglielmi P, Secci D, Leporini L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Martinotti S, Brunetti L, Vacca M, Menghini L, Orlando G. Protective Effects Induced by Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Harpagophytum Extract on Rat Cortex Synaptosomes Challenged with Amyloid β-Peptide. Phytother Res 2017. [PMID: 28635142 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens is a plant species that displays anti-inflammatory properties in multiple tissues. The iridoid glycosides arpagoside, harpagide, and procumbide appear to be the most therapeutically important constituents. In addition, harpagoside treatment exerted neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Considering these findings, the aim of the present work is to explore the possible protective role of the previously described microwave-assisted aqueous extract of H. procumbens on rat hypothalamic (Hypo-E22) cells, and in rat cortex challenged with amyloid β-peptide (1-40). In this context, we assayed the protective effects induced by H. procumbens by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α, 3-HK. Finally, we evaluated the effects of H. procumbens treatment on cortex levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. H. procumbens extract was well tolerated by Hypo-E22 cells and upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression but down-regulated tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression. In addition, the extract reduced amyloid β-peptide stimulation of malondialdehyde and 3-HK and blunted the decrease of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, in the cortex. In this context, our work supports further studies for the evaluation and confirmation of Harpagophytum in the management of the clinical symptoms related to Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Martinotti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Chudasama V, Akhbar AR, Bahou KA, Fitzmaurice RJ, Caddick S. Metal-free, hydroacylation of C=C and N=N bonds via aerobic C-H activation of aldehydes, and reaction of the products thereof. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7301-17. [PMID: 24068290 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, a thorough evaluation of the use of aerobically initiated, metal-free hydroacylation of various C=C and N=N acceptor molecules with a wide range of aldehydes is presented. The aerobic-activation conditions that have been developed are in sharp contrast to previous conditions for hydroacylation, which tend to use transition metals, peroxides that require thermal or photochemical degradation, or N-heterocyclic carbenes. The mildness of the conditions enables a number of reactions involving sensitive reaction partners and, perhaps most significantly, allows for α-functionalised chiral aldehydes to undergo radical-based hydroacylation with complete retention of optical purity. We also demonstrate how the resulting hydroacylation products can be transformed into other useful intermediates, such as γ-keto-sulfonamides, sultams, sultones, cyclic N-sulfonyl imines and amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAJ, UK.
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Brunetti L, Chiavaroli A, Cocco A, Ferrante C, Ferrucci A, Luisi G, Orlando G, Pinnen F, Vacca M. Synthesis and neuromodulatory effects of TRH-related peptides: inhibitory activity on catecholamine release in vitro. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:823-35. [PMID: 24145076 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A detailed comprehension of central mechanisms underlying feeding behavior holds considerable promise for the treatment of alimentary disorders. METHODS In order to elucidate the tight interrelationships occurring at the hypothalamic neuronal endings between aminergic neurotransmitters and co-localized appetite modulators, we initially studied the effects of two anorexigenic peptides structurally related to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 1), namely cyclo(His-Pro) (CHP, 2) and pGlu-His-Gly-OH (3), on [(3)H]-norepinephrine and [(3)H]-dopamine release from perfused rat hypothalamic synaptosomes. Furthermore, a number of TRH and CHP analogues were synthesized and tested for their ability to influence neurotransmitter release in the selected neuronal model. RESULTS Peptide 3 showed only a slight inhibitory activity on norepinephrine release, whereas no effect was observed for compound 2. TRH analogue 8, metabolically stabilized by the replacement of pyroglutamate with the pyrohomocysteic acid (pHcs), was found to be inactive. Conversely, a significant inhibitory effect on dopamine and norepinephrine release was observed for the CHP-related diketopiperazines cyclo(Leu-Pro) (11) and cyclo(His-Gly) (14). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a potential role for cyclo-dipeptides 11 and 14 in the hypothalamic modulation of appetite suppressant circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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Baldassarre L, Fornasari E, Cornacchia C, Cirioni O, Silvestri C, Castelli P, Giocometti A, Cacciatore I. Discovery of novel RIP derivatives by alanine scanning for the treatment of S. aureus infections. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cacciatore I, Baldassarre L, Fornasari E, Cornacchia C, Di Stefano A, Sozio P, Cerasa LS, Fontana A, Fulle S, Di Filippo ES, La Rovere RML, Pinnen F. (R)-α-lipoyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamyl dimethyl ester codrug as a multifunctional agent with potential neuroprotective activities. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:2021-9. [PMID: 22976949 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The (R)-α-lipoyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamyl dimethyl ester codrug (LA-GPE, 1) was synthesized as a new multifunctional drug candidate with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Physicochemical properties, chemical and enzymatic stabilities were evaluated, along with the capacity of LA-GPE to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) according to an in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability assay for the BBB. We also investigated the potential effectiveness of LA-GPE against the cytotoxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and H2O2 on the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Our results show that codrug 1 is stable at both pH 1.3 and 7.4, exhibits good lipophilicity (log P=1.51) and a pH-dependent permeability profile. Furthermore, LA-GPE was demonstrated to be significantly neuroprotective and to act as an antioxidant against H2O2- and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cacciatore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (Italy).
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Recent advances in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases based on GSH delivery systems. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:240146. [PMID: 22701755 PMCID: PMC3372378 DOI: 10.1155/2012/240146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease(AD), are a group of pathologies characterized by a progressive and specific loss of certain brain cell populations. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis play interrelated roles in these disorders. It is well documented that free radical oxidative damage, particularly on neuronal lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA, is extensive in PD and AD brains. Moreover, alterations of glutathione (GSH) metabolism in brain have been implicated in oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. As a consequence, the reduced GSH levels observed in these pathologies have stimulated a number of researchers to find new potential approaches for maintaining or restoring GSH levels. Unfortunately, GSH delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is limited due to a poor stability and low bioavailability. Medicinal-chemistry- and technology-based approaches are commonly used to improve physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and drug delivery properties of therapeutic agents. This paper will focus primarily on these approaches used in order to replenish intracellular GSH levels, which are reduced in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the beneficial properties of these approaches and their potential implications for the future treatment of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, and more specifically from PD and AD.
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Abstract
Chronic intermittent or episodic hypoxia, as occurs during a number of disease states, can have devastating effects, and prolonged exposure to this hypoxia can result in cell injury or cell death. Indeed, intermittent hypoxia activates a number of signaling pathways that are involved in oxygen sensing, oxidative stress, metabolism, catecholamine biosynthesis, and immune responsiveness. The cumulative effect of these processes over time can undermine cell integrity and lead to a decline in function. Furthermore, the ability to respond adequately to various stressors is hampered, and this is traditionally defined as premature aging or senescence. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in the response to intermittent hypoxia and the potential interplay among various pathways that may accelerate the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Douglas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Wang YQ, Lu SM, Zhou YG. Highly Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Activated Imines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3729-34. [PMID: 17444684 DOI: 10.1021/jo0700878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pd/bisphosphines complexes are highly effective catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of activated imines in trifluoroethanol. The asymmetric hydrogenation of N-diphenylphosphinyl ketimines 3 with Pd(CF3CO2)/(S)-SegPhos indicated 87-99% ee, and N-tosylimines 5 could gave 88-97% ee with Pd(CF3CO2)/(S)-SynPhos as a catalyst. Cyclic N-sulfonylimines 7 and 11 were hydrogenated to afford the useful chiral sultam derivatives in 79-93% ee, which are important organic synthetic intermediates and structural units of agricultural and pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Qing Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Kilbane Z, Vaas PR, Cuív PO, O'Connor B. Cloning and heterologous expression of bovine pyroglutamyl peptidase type-1 in Escherichia coli: purification, biochemical and kinetic characterisation. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 297:189-97. [PMID: 17119851 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the cloning, expression and purification of the bovine XM866409 form of pyroglutamyl peptidase type-1 (PAP1). The cloned nucleotide sequence has an ORF coding for a primary sequence of 209 amino acid residues, which displays 98% identity with the human AJ278828 form of the enzyme. Three amino acid residues at positions 81, 205 and 208 were found to vary between the two sequences. The recombinant bovine PAP1 with a C-terminal His(6) tag (rBtaPAP1(6H)) was expressed in Escherichia coli XL10-Gold cells and purified by immobilised nickel ion affinity chromatography resulting in a yield of 2.6 mg of PAP1 per litre of culture. Purified rBtaPAP1(6H) had a specific activity of 3633 units mg(-1). SDS-PAGE revealed a band for bovine PAP1 with a molecular weight of approximately 24 kDa, which is in good agreement with previously reported data on PAP1. The K (m) and k (cat) values obtained for rBtaPAP1(6H) were 59 muM and 3.5 s(-1), respectively. The optimum pH for activity was 9.0-9.5 and the optimum temperature was 37 degrees C. rBtaPAP1(6H) was found to have an absolute requirement for the thiol-reducing agent DTT, consistent with the expected property of a cysteine protease. Kinetic studies using the peptides pGlu-His-Pro-NH(2) (TRH), pGlu-Ala and pGlu-Val revealed K (i) values of 44.1, 141 and 652.17 microM, respectively. The lowest K (i), observed for Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH), indicates that rBtaPAP1(6H) has a higher affinity for tripeptides over dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelda Kilbane
- School of Biotechnology, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland.
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Faden AI, Knoblach SM, Movsesyan VA, Lea PM, Cernak I. Novel neuroprotective tripeptides and dipeptides. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1053:472-81. [PMID: 16179555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2005.tb00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and certain TRH analogues are neuroprotective in a variety of animal models of CNS trauma. In addition to these neuroprotective actions, TRH and most TRH analogues have other physiological actions that may not be desirable for treatment of acute injury, such as analeptic, autonomic, and endocrine effects. We have developed a series of dual-substituted TRH analogues that have strong neuroprotective actions, but are largely devoid of these other physiological actions. In addition, we have developed a family of cyclized dipeptides (diketopiperazines), structurally somewhat related to a metabolic product of TRH, that appear even more effective as neuroprotective agents in vitro and in vivo, and may have nootropic properties. Here, we review these novel tripeptide and dipeptide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan I Faden
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Research Building, Room EP04, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, USA.
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