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Jiang TM. Unveiling the Time Course Mechanism of Bone Fracture Healing by Transcriptional Profiles. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:149-162. [PMID: 35418283 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220412134311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone fracture healing is a time-consuming and high-priority orthopedic problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE Discovering the potential mechanism of bone healing at a time course and transcriptional level may better help manage bone fracture. METHODS In this study, we analyze a time-course bone fracture healing transcriptional dataset in a rat model (GSE592, GSE594, and GSE1371) of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RNA was obtained from female Sprague-Dawley rats with a femoral fracture at the initial time (day 3) as well as early (week 1), middle (week 2), and late (week 4) time periods, with nonfracture rats used as control. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and pathway examinations were performed for further measurements of GSEA and hub genes. RESULTS Results indicated that the four stages of bone fracture healing at the initial, early, middle, and late time periods represent the phases of hematoma formation, callus formation, callus molding, and mature lamellar bone formation, respectively. Extracellular organization was positively employed throughout the four stages. At the hematoma formation phase, the muscle contraction process was downregulated. Antibacterial peptide pathway was downregulated at all phases. The upregulation of Fn1 (initial, early, middle, and late time periods), Col3a1 (initial, early, and middle time periods), Col11a1 (initial and early time periods), Mmp9 (middle and late time periods), Mmp13 (early, middle, and late time periods) and the downregulation of RatNP-3b (initial, early, middle, and late time periods) were possible symbols for bone fracture healing and may be used as therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION These findings suggest some new potential pathways and genes in the process of bone fracture healing and further provide insights that can be used in targeted molecular therapy for bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Meng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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2
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The effect of NSAIDs on postfracture bone healing: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. OTA Int 2021; 4:e092. [PMID: 34746650 PMCID: PMC8568409 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have an adverse effect on bone healing by evaluating all available human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this subject. Data Sources A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cross-References) until October 2018 comparing the occurrence of nonunion in patients who received NSAIDs to the control group through RCTs. Study Selection Inclusion criteria were English-only studies, and the type of studies was restricted to RCTs. Data Extraction Two authors independently extracted data from the selected studies, and the data collected were compared to verify agreement. Data Synthesis Nonunion was the main outcome evaluated in each study. Regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risk comparing the duration and the type of NSAIDs by calculating the odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous variables. Studies were weighed by the inverse of the variance of the outcome, and a fixed-effects model was used for all analyses. Conclusions Six RCTs (609 patients) were included. The risk of nonunion was higher in the patients who were given NSAIDs after the fracture with an OR of 3.47. However, once the studies were categorized into the duration of treatment with NSAIDs, those who received NSAIDs for a short period (<2 weeks) did not show any significant risk of nonunion compared to those who received NSAIDs for a long period (>4 weeks). Indomethacin was associated with a significant higher nonunion rate and OR ranging from 1.66 to 9.03 compared with other NSAIDs that did not show a significant nonunion risk.
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3
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Al-Waeli H, Reboucas AP, Mansour A, Morris M, Tamimi F, Nicolau B. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bone healing in animal models-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 34238360 PMCID: PMC8268344 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and are extensively used to treat post-traumatic or surgical musculoskeletal pain. Although an extensive literature exists on the administration of NSAID on animal bone healing, no systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies that investigate the effect of NSAID administration on bone fracture healing. Objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effect of NSAIDs administration on bone healing biomechanical and histomorphometric measurements in different animal models after bone fracture surgery. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies to estimate the effect of NSAID administration after bone fracture on healing outcomes. We searched eight databases without limiting the search to starting date up to 1 February 2021 for articles on fractured bone healing in animal models in which NSAID were administered. RESULTS Out of 6732 articles screened, 47 were included and 3 common bone healing outcomes were analysed: biomechanical properties (maximum force to break, stiffness, and work-to-failure), micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), and histomorphometric measurements. The studies were generally of low-quality scores because crucial information, especially concerning randomization, blinding, and allocation concealment, was poorly reported. Our results show that the negative effects of NSAID after bone fracture on certain biomechanical properties of the healing bones was not statistically significant in mice compared with other animals, in females compared with males, and in younger compared with older animals. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated that NSAIDs administration decreased the biomechanical properties of healing bones after fracture surgery in comparison to the control group. Moreover, different effect on certain outcomes was detected among different sites, sex of the animals, and the time of assessment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Protocol published and registered in SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) in 2017, https://www.radboudumc.nl/getmedia/757ec408-7a9e-4635-8233-ae951effea54/Non-Steroidal-Anti-inflammatory-Drugs-and-bone-healing-in-animal-Models-Systematic-Review-and-Meta-Analysis.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Al-Waeli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Ana Paula Reboucas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, University Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaa Mansour
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Martin Morris
- Schulich Library, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, University Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
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4
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part I – Modulation of inflammation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:381-408. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-199102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Gallaher HM, Butler JR, Wills RW, Priddy LB, Elder SH, Heller SM, Brinkman E, Baumgartner W. Effects of short- and long-term administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on osteotomy healing in dogs. Vet Surg 2019; 48:1318-1329. [PMID: 31291009 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of short-term administration of carprofen on bone healing in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled experimental study. ANIMALS Eighteen purpose-bred sexually mature hound dogs. METHODS Tibial osteotomies were performed, and dogs were divided into three groups: no carprofen (n = 6), 2-week administration of carprofen at 2.2 mg/kg twice daily (n = 6), and 8-week administration of carprofen at 2.2 mg/kg twice daily (n = 5). Bone healing was evaluated radiographically at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Postmortem, fracture healing was assessed via biomechanical testing (three-point bending), histological cartilage:callus ratio, and bone mineral density (BMD) with quantitative computed tomography. RESULTS No biomechanical difference was detected between dogs that received no carprofen and those that received 2 weeks of carprofen or between those that received 2 weeks vs 8 weeks of carprofen. Stiffness (P = .035) and maximum stress (P = .042) were higher in dogs that received no carprofen than in those that received 8 weeks of carprofen. Radiographic healing did not differ between dogs without carprofen and those with 2-week administration of carprofen (P = .9923). However, tibias of dogs without carprofen and those with 2-week administration of carprofen were more healed compared with those in the 8-week-carprofen group at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery (P = .0011). No treatment effect was detected by cartilage:callus ratio or BMD. CONCLUSION Long-term administration of carprofen had a negative effect on bone healing compared with short-term or no administration of carprofen. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used cautiously in dogs at risk for delayed bone healing, and administration should be discontinued beyond the perioperative period in dogs with fractures or osteotomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Gallaher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - James R Butler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Robert W Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Lauren B Priddy
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bagley College of Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Steven H Elder
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bagley College of Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Sarah M Heller
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bagley College of Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Erin Brinkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Wes Baumgartner
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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6
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Cycloxygenase-2 inhibition potentiates trans-differentiation of Wharton's jelly–mesenchymal stromal cells into endothelial cells: Transplantation enhances neovascularization-mediated wound repair. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:260-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents and are arguably the most commonly used class of drugs in equine medicine. This article provides a brief review of the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects associated with their use in horses. The use of COX-2 selective NSAIDs in veterinary medicine has increased over the past several years and special emphasis is given to the use of these drugs in horses. A brief discussion of the use of NSAIDs in performance horses is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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8
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Inal S, Kabay S, Cayci MK, Kuru HI, Altikat S, Akkas G, Deger A. Comparison of the effects of dexketoprofen trometamol, meloxicam and diclofenac sodium on fibular fracture healing, kidney and liver: an experimental rat model. Injury 2014; 45:494-500. [PMID: 24246878 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are particularly used in patients with bone fractures, but there are limited studies on whether one NSAID is superior to another. In this study, we used histopathological and biochemical parameters to determine whether there are differences between the effects of the administration of clinical doses of dexketoprofen trometamol (DEXT), meloxicam (MEL) and diclofenac sodium (DIC) on the healing of closed fibular fractures and the toxicity of both the liver and kidney. METHODS Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven each. Closed diaphyseal fractures were formed in the left fibulas of all of the rats. The NSAIDs dexketoprofen trometamol (DEXT) (Arveles(®)), meloxicam (MEL) (Melox(®)) and diclofenac sodium (DIC) (Voltaren(®)) were intramuscularly administered to Groups I, II, and III, respectively, for a period of 10 days after the fibular fractures were performed. No pharmacological agents were administered to Group IV (Control group). Blood samples were collected from all of the rats after the fractures were performed, and the rats were sacrificed on day 28. The histopathological findings were compared, and the blood samples were evaluated to determine any differences between the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS Our results suggest that DEXT and MEL impair the healing of bone fractures and that DIC does not histopathologically affect the healing process of bone fractures. We also found that DEXT, MEL, and DIC impaired the renal histopathology compared with the control group. However, the liver histopathological analysis showed that DEXT and MEL caused a higher degree of parenchymal necrosis compared with DIC. CONCLUSION Based on our results, DIC can be considered a relatively safe medication in patients with fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermet Inal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Sahin Kabay
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - M Kasim Cayci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - H Isa Kuru
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Simav Vocational High School, Dumlupinar University, Turkey.
| | - Sayit Altikat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Akkas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Aysenur Deger
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Published data raise concerns about the use of nonselective NSAIDs and selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory or analgesic drugs in patients after a recent fracture or who are undergoing (uncemented) arthroplasty or osteotomy. However, clinical reports on the effect of COX-2 inhibition on fracture healing in humans have been variable and inconclusive. This review gives an overview of the published data and an advice when to avoid NSAIDs. RECENT FINDINGS Prostaglandins play an important role as mediators of inflammation and COX are required for their production. Inflammation is an essential step in the fracture healing process in which prostaglandin production by COX-2 is involved. Data from animal studies suggest that NSAIDs, which inhibit COX-2, can impair fracture healing due to the inhibition of the endochondral ossification pathway. Animal data suggest that the effects of COX-2 inhibitors are dependent on the timing, duration, and dose, and that these effects are reversible. SUMMARY These animal data, together with the view of limited scientifically robust clinical evidence in humans, indicate that physicians consider only short-term administration of COX-2 inhibitors or other drugs in the pain management of patients who are in the phase of fracture or other bone defect healing. COX-2-inhibitors should be considered a potential risk factor for fracture healing, and therefore to be avoided in patients at risk for delayed fracture healing.
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10
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Giordano V, Albuquerque RPE, Amaral NPD, Chame CC, Souza FD, Apfel MÍR. Supplementary vitamin C does not accelerate bone healing in a rat tibia fracture model. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2014; 20:10-2. [PMID: 24453572 PMCID: PMC3718416 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522012000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of ascorbic acid supplementation on bone healing after rat
tibia fracture. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into Vitamin C (Group A) and sham (Group
B) groups (15 rats each). Group A received 200 mg intraperitoneally per kg per day of
ascorbic acid and Group B was given saline 5 ml per kg per day intraperitoneally once a
day. The animals were caged in pairs and allowed free access to tap water and a standard
rodent chow ad libitum. Fractures were produced manually, they were not stabilized, and
unprotected weight-bearing was allowed. At two, four, and six weeks post-fracture, the
rats in both groups were anesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Callus
tissue was dissected, prepared, and analyzed histologically. Histomorphological analysis
was performed at six weeks post-fracture and the extent of fracture healing was
determined using a five-point scale. Results There were no histological and histomorphological differences between drug-treated
animals and the sham in the three different stages studied. By six weeks post-fracture,
the five animals of each group had a complete bone union. Conclusion Under the studied conditions, intraperitoneal Vitamin C supplementation does not
accelerate the fracture healing process after experimental tibia fracture in rats.
Level of evidence: Level 2, individual study with experimental
design.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Copuroglu
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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12
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Kurmis AP, Kurmis TP, O'Brien JX, Dalén T. The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration on acute phase fracture-healing: a review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94:815-23. [PMID: 22552671 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.j.01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analgesic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is well established, and these agents often form an integral part of posttraumatic pain management. However, potentially deleterious effects of resulting prostaglandin suppression on fracture-healing have been suggested. METHODS A systematic literature review involving searches of electronic databases and online sources was performed to identify articles exploring the influence of NSAIDs on fracture-healing. RESULTS A structured search approach identified 316 papers as potentially relevant to the topic, and these were manually reviewed. The majority described small-scale studies that were retrospective or observational in nature, with limited control of potentially confounding variables, or presented little key information that was not also present in other studies. CONCLUSIONS Although increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition suppresses early fracture-healing, in vivo studies involving human subjects have not provided convincing evidence to substantiate this concern. We found no robust evidence to attest to a significant and appreciable patient detriment resulting from the short-term use of NSAIDs following a fracture. The balance of evidence in the available literature appears to suggest that a short-duration NSAID regimen is a safe and effective supplement to other modes of post-fracture pain control, without a significantly increased risk of sequelae related to disrupted healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Kurmis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Road, Daw Park 5041, South Australia, Australia.
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13
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Pountos I, Georgouli T, Calori GM, Giannoudis PV. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect bone healing? A critical analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:606404. [PMID: 22272177 PMCID: PMC3259713 DOI: 10.1100/2012/606404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play an essential part in our approach to control pain in the posttraumatic setting. Over the last decades, several studies suggested that NSAIDs interfere with bone healing while others contradict these findings. Although their analgesic potency is well proven, clinicians remain puzzled over the potential safety issues. We have systematically reviewed the available literature, analyzing and presenting the available in vitro animal and clinical studies on this field. Our comprehensive review reveals the great diversity of the presented data in all groups of studies. Animal and in vitro studies present so conflicting data that even studies with identical parameters have opposing results. Basic science research defining the exact mechanism with which NSAIDs could interfere with bone cells and also the conduction of well-randomized prospective clinical trials are warranted. In the absence of robust clinical or scientific evidence, clinicians should treat NSAIDs as a risk factor for bone healing impairment, and their administration should be avoided in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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14
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Nyangoga H, Aguado E, Goyenvalle E, Baslé MF, Chappard D. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen) does not delay beta-TCP bone graft healing. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3310-7. [PMID: 20132910 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) is a suitable biomaterial in oral and maxillofacial surgery since it can induce a rapid proliferation of woven bone. Granules, prepared by the polyurethane foam method, were implanted in critical size defects performed in the femoral condyles of New Zealand rabbits. Animals were studied after 8 and 28 days. Ketoprofen (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) was given for 8 and 28 days to evaluate its effects on the healing of the graft. Before euthanasia, the rabbits received an intravenous injection of fluorescent microbeads. Bones were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. beta-TCP granules induced metaplastic bone trabeculae as early as 8 days post-surgery. At 28 days, the amount of bone was increased and the biomaterial volume decreased due to simultaneous macrophagic resorption. The amount of macrophages labeled with microbeads was less in the grafted area than in the vicinal intact marrow spaces. Ketoprofen had no effect on the amount of bone formed and on the number of labeled macrophages. The influence of small doses of NSAID, given in a short duration period, did not present deleterious effects on bone graft healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve Nyangoga
- INSERM, U922 - LHEA, Faculté de Médecine, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
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15
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Cottrell J, O’Connor JP. Effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Bone Healing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1668-1693. [PMID: 27713323 PMCID: PMC4034003 DOI: 10.3390/ph3051668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonspecific and COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) function by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes and effectively reduce pain and inflammation attributed to acute or chronic musculoskeletal pathologies. However, use of NSAIDs as an analgesic is thought to negatively contribute to bone healing. This review strived to provide a thorough unbiased analysis of the current research conducted on animals and humans regarding NSAIDs and their effect on bone healing. Specifically, this review discusses the role of animal models, dosing regiments, and outcome parameters when examining discrepancies about NSAIDS and their effects on bone regeneration. The role of COX-2 in bone regeneration needs to be better defined in order to further elucidate the impact of NSAIDs on bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Patrick O’Connor
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-973-972-5011; Fax: +1-973-972-5594
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16
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Kalyvas DG, Tarenidou M. Influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on osseointegration. J Oral Sci 2009; 50:239-46. [PMID: 18818457 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.50.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews contemporary literature concerning the possible influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on osseointegration. In vitro studies concerning the effect of NSAIDs on growth factors and bone-generating cells are the primary source of data pertaining to this issue because relatively few in vivo studies have been conducted. It is concluded that prescribing NSAIDs during the early postoperative period is likely not without negative effect, although any negative influence appears to be temporary and does not affect the final outcome of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demos G Kalyvas
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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17
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Pountos I, Georgouli T, Blokhuis TJ, Pape HC, Giannoudis PV. Pharmacological agents and impairment of fracture healing: what is the evidence? Injury 2008; 39:384-94. [PMID: 18316083 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2007.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone healing is an extremely complex process which depends on the coordinated action of several cell lineages on a cascade of biological events, and has always been a major medical concern. The use of several drugs such as corticosteroids, chemotherapeutic agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, anticoagulants and drugs which reduce osteoclastic activity have been shown to affect bone healing. This review article presents our current understanding on this topic, focusing on data illustrating the effect of these drugs on fracture healing and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
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Sartori AR, Moreira JA, Santos AMM, Cintra DEC, Sartori LR, Baraúna MA, Canto RST. Comparação do processo de reparo ósseo em tíbias de ratas normais e osteopênicas. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522008000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O objetivo foi comparar a consolidação óssea em tíbias de ratas normais e osteopênicas. 49 ratas albinas fêmeas, linhagem Wistar, peso médio de 160 (± 20g) e 100 dias foram distribuídas em 2 grupos: Ooforectomizado (OOF) e Pseudo-ooforectomizado (Grupo controle - SHAM). 30 dias após a ooforectomia e/ou cirurgia simulada, todas foram submetidas à produção de lesão óssea cortical. Foram sacrificadas na 2ª, 4ª, 6ª e 8ª semanas. Os osteoblastos foram contados. O peso aumentou progressivamente, porém as OOF apresentaram maior peso (p<0,05) quando comparadas as SHAM, à época da segunda cirurgia. 15 dias pós-lesão óssea, as OOF apresentaram maior número de osteoblastos (p<0,05) quando comparados as SHAM. 30 dias pós-lesão óssea houve diminuição no número de osteoblastos, porém os valores foram equivalentes entre os dois grupos OOF e SHAM. 45 dias pós-lesão, apesar da diminuição constante de osteoblastos, o grupo OOF permaneceu elevado quando comparado ao grupo controle (p<0,05). Aos 60 dias o grupo SHAM apresentou menos osteoblastos, sugerindo processo avançado de reparo ósseo. Os animais osteopênicos apresentaram resposta inicial acelerada à lesão óssea, possibilitando a equivalência entre os grupos 30 dias pós-lesão. Mas, após este período apresentaram retardo na mineralização do osteóide, sugerindo atraso tardio no processo de reparo ósseo.
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Kellinsalmi M, Parikka V, Risteli J, Hentunen T, Leskelä HV, Lehtonen S, Selander K, Väänänen K, Lehenkari P. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 down-regulates osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and favours adipocyte formation in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 572:102-10. [PMID: 17632097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX) and are widely used for post-trauma musculoskeletal analgesia. In animal models, NSAIDs have been reported to delay fracture healing and cause non-union, possibly due to the drug-induced inhibition of osteoblast recruitment and differentiation. To further investigate the cellular effects of these drugs in the context of bone healing, we examined the effects of COX-1 inhibitor indomethacin and COX-2 inhibitors, parecoxib and NS398 on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity in vitro. We discovered that all tested COX-inhibitors significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation, by 93%, 94% and 74% of control for 100 microM indomethacin, 100 microM parecoxib and 3 microM NS398, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of COX-2 reduced also the resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. All tested COX-inhibitors also significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells. Simultaneously, the number of adipocytes was significantly increased. The adipocyte covered areas in the cultures with 1 microM indomethacin, 1 microM parecoxib and 3 microM NS398 were 9%, 29% and 24%, respectively, as compared with 6% in the control group. This data suggests that COX-2 inhibition disturbs bone remodelling by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and diverting stem cell differentiation towards adipocyte lineage instead of osteoblast lineage. In conclusion, our results further suggest cautious use of COX-2 inhibitors after osseous trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Kellinsalmi
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Finland.
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20
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Karachalios T, Boursinos L, Poultsides L, Khaldi L, Malizos KN. The effects of the short-term administration of low therapeutic doses of anti-COX-2 agents on the healing of fractures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 89:1253-60. [PMID: 17905969 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b9.19050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the effect of the short-term administration of low therapeutic doses of modern COX-2 inhibitors on the healing of fractures. A total of 40 adult male New Zealand rabbits were divided into five groups. A mid-diaphyseal osteotomy of the right ulna was performed and either normal saline, prednisolone, indometacin, meloxicam or rofecoxib was administered for five days. Radiological, biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluation was performed at six weeks. In the group in which the highly selective anti-COX-2 agent, rofecoxib, was used the incidence of radiologically-incomplete union was similar to that in the control group. All the biomechanical parameters were statistically significantly lower in both the prednisolone and indometacin (p = 0.01) and in the meloxicam (p = 0.04) groups compared with the control group. Only the fracture load values were found to be statistically significantly lower (p = 0.05) in the rofecoxib group. Histomorphometric parameters were adversely affected in all groups with the specimens of the rofecoxib group showing the least negative effect. Our findings indicated that the short-term administration of low therapeutic doses of a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor had a minor negative effect on bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karachalios
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece.
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Sen C, Erdem M, Gunes T, Koseoglu D, Filiz NO. Effects of diclofenac and tenoxicam on distraction osteogenesis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2007; 127:153-9. [PMID: 17203285 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-006-0274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the management of bone defects, pseudoarthrosis, deformities, chronic osteomyelitis and in extremity lengthening procedures, the technique of distraction osteogenesis (DO) has been frequently used. In this experimental animal study, the effects of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e., diclofenac and tenoxicam, on the outcomes of distraction osteogenesis are investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 30 mature New Zealand-type male rabbits (2.5-4.5 kg) were used. The rabbits were randomized into three groups, each consisting of ten animals. Under optimal operating conditions, a pre-reconstructed circular external fixator was applied on the right tibias of rabbits, and osteotomy was performed with a Gigli saw just below the tibial tuberosity. After seven postoperative days, distraction was initiated at a rhythm of 2 x 0.5 mm/day. During the 10 days of distraction, adjunctive therapy was not instituted for group I (control group). For 10 days, group II received i.m. diclofenac sodium (0.5 mg/kg per day) and group III was treated with tenoxicam (8 mg/kg per day i.m.). At the end of 3 weeks postoperatively, five rabbits from each group were killed for histologic examinations. The remaining rabbits were killed at the end of eight postoperative weeks for biomechanical and histological analysis. Besides, radiological examinations were performed at the end of 3, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively for the radiologic evaluation of calluses. For statistical evaluations between groups, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis, and for intergroup assessments, Mann-Whitney test were performed. RESULTS For radiological evaluations, the scoring system developed by Lane and Sandhu, and for histopathological assessments, the grading system of Huddlestone et al. were used. Biomechanical tests were realized using torsional loading. During the first 3 weeks, the groups did not differ much in the radiological parameters. However, in the diclofenac group and in especially the tenoxicam group, the histological scores were lower than in the control group. Radiological images obtained at the end of 6 weeks demonstrated inadequate consolidation in the diclofenac and tenoxicam groups when compared with the control group. At the end of 8 weeks postoperatively, in consideration of biomechanical, radiological and histological tests, significantly worse regenerates were obtained in the diclofenac and tenoxicam groups. CONCLUSIONS During the distraction osteogenesis period, diclofenac and tenoxicam affected the quality of regenerate unfavorably. This effect is sustained during all periods of bone healing. However, this finding should be supported by experimental and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Sen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical School of Gaziosmanpasa University, Tip Fakultesi Dekanligi, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
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Ribeiro FV, César-Neto JB, Nociti FH, Sallum EA, Sallum AW, De Toledo S, Casati MZ. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor may impair bone healing around titanium implants in rats. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1731-5. [PMID: 17032117 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, on bone healing around titanium implants in rats. METHODS Thirty-one adult male Wistar rats were included in this study, and one screw-shaped titanium implant was inserted in the tibiae of each rat. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups for daily subcutaneous injections: control (N = 14): saline solution; and test (N = 17): 3 mg/kg of meloxicam, each administered daily for 60 days. After the treatment, animals were sacrificed, and undecalcified sections were obtained. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads and bone density (BD) in a 500 mum-wide zone lateral to the implants were obtained and arranged for cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone regions. RESULTS Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that meloxicam significantly reduced bone healing around implants. For zone A, significant differences were observed regarding BIC (47.01 +/- 10.48 A; 35.93 +/- 12.25 B), BA (86.42 +/- 3.66 A; 61.58 +/- 12.09 B), and BD (96.86 +/- 0.96 A; 91.06 +/- 3.05 B) for control and test groups, respectively (P <0.05). For zone B, data analysis also showed significant differences among groups for BIC (30.76 +/- 13.80 A; 16.86 +/- 11.48 B), BA (34.83 +/- 8.18 A; 25.66 +/- 9.16 B), and BD (15.76 +/- 7.05 A; 7.73 +/- 4.61 B) for control and test groups, respectively (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Meloxicam may negatively influence bone healing in the cortical and cancellous bone around titanium implants inserted in rats after continuous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V Ribeiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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O'Keefe RJ, Tiyapatanaputi P, Xie C, Li TF, Clark C, Zuscik MJ, Chen D, Drissi H, Schwarz E, Zhang X. COX-2 has a Critical Role During Incorporation of Structural Bone Allografts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1068:532-42. [PMID: 16831949 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1346.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, reduced pain and are commonly used in patients with skeletal injury. In this article we will also present data to show that selective COX-2 inhibitor delays allograft healing and incorporation. In contrast, local delivery of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enhanced bone formation at cortical bone graft junction. A 4-mm mid-diaphyseal segmental femoral defect was created and then repaired by frozen bone allograft of the same size. A 22-gauge metal pin was placed in the intramedullary cavity to stabilize the bone graft. Healing was evaluated weekly by X ray and by a semiquantitative histomorphometric analysis at 5 weeks postsurgery. Celecoxib (25 mg/kg/day) and Ketorolac (4 mg/kg/day) were administered daily for 2 weeks or 5 weeks. PGE2 was infused locally at a dose of 800 nmol/kg per day via osmotic minipump for 4 weeks. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by daily administration of the Celecoxib or Ketorolac for 5 weeks reduced new bone ingrowth by about 60% (P < 0.05). The percentage of bony bridging in both drug-treated groups was significantly decreased at 5 weeks. Temporal administration of Celecoxib for 2 weeks also significantly reduced bone formation by 45% and withdrawal of the Celecoxib only led to slight recovery of bone formation at the graft side. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of NSAIDS, PGE2 infusion at the cortical bone junction increased bone formation by about twofold. These results demonstrated that COX-2 is essential for bone allograft incorporation. Furthermore, our data support the notion that COX-2-dependent PGE2 produced at the early stage of bone healing is prerequisite for efficient skeletal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopedics, The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Gurgel BCDV, Ribeiro FV, Silva MADD, Nociti FH, Sallum AW, Sallum EA, Toledo SD, Casati MZ. Selective COX-2 inhibitor reduces bone healing in bone defects. Braz Oral Res 2005; 19:312-6. [PMID: 16491262 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242005000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory agents have been reported to regulate bone healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (meloxicam) on bone healing in calvarial defects in rats. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were included. After anesthesia, a linear incision was made through the skin of the scalp, a full-thickness flap was reflected and a 4 mm round defect was made with a trephine drill. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following 4 treatment groups (9 animals each), including daily subcutaneous injections: A: saline solution for 15 days; B: saline solution for 45 days; C: 3 mg/kg of meloxicam for 15 days and D: 3 mg/kg of meloxicam for 45 days. The animals were sacrificed and the specimens, routinely processed. The bone filling was histometrically measured and statistical analysis, performed. Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that the meloxicam groups presented a significant reduction in bone healing when compared to their respective controls (group A, 44.5 ± 5.75%, against group C, 57.5 ± 7.25%, p < 0.05; group B, 40.25 ± 13.75%, against group D, 52.25 ± 17.25%). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may reduce bone healing in calvarial defects in rats after continuous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César de Vasconcelos Gurgel
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, State University of Campinas
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