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Izar MCO, Fonseca FAH. Macrophages and Neovascularization in In-Stent Neoatherosclerosis: An Accelerated Inflammatory Phenotype by OCT with Therapeutic Implications. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:938-939. [PMID: 36541988 PMCID: PMC9814806 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Oliveira Izar
- Universidade Federal de São PauloEscola Paulista de MedicinaSão PauloSPBrasilEscola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil,Correspondência: Maria Cristina Oliveira Izar • Disciplina de Cardiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Loefgren, 1350. CEP 04040-001, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP - Brasil, E-mail:
| | - Francisco A. H. Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de São PauloEscola Paulista de MedicinaSão PauloSPBrasilEscola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil
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2
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Tryfonos A, Green DJ, Dawson EA. Effects of Catheterization on Artery Function and Health: When Should Patients Start Exercising Following Their Coronary Intervention? Sports Med 2019; 49:397-416. [PMID: 30719682 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; angioplasty) are commonly used to diagnose and/or treat the obstructed coronaries. Exercise-based rehabilitation is recommended for all CAD patients; however, most guidelines do not specify when exercise training should commence following PTCA and/or PCI. Catheterization can result in arterial dysfunction and acute injury, and given the fact that exercise, particularly at higher intensities, is associated with elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and a pro-thrombotic milieu, performing exercise post-PTCA/PCI may transiently elevate the risk of cardiac events. This review aims to summarize extant literature relating to the impacts of coronary interventions on arterial function, including the time-course of recovery and the potential deleterious and/or beneficial impacts of acute versus long-term exercise. The current literature suggests that arterial dysfunction induced by catheterization recovers 4-12 weeks following catheterization. This review proposes that a period of relative arterial vulnerability may exist and exercise during this period may contribute to elevated event susceptibility. We therefore suggest that CAD patients start an exercise training programme between 2 and 4 weeks post-PCI, recognizing that the literature suggest there is a 'grey area' for functional recovery between 2 and 12 weeks post-catheterization. The timing of exercise onset should take into consideration the individual characteristics of patients (age, severity of disease, comorbidities) and the intensity, frequency and duration of the exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tryfonos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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3
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Lee MYK, Cai Y, Wang Y, Liao SY, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Bai B, Tse HF, Vanhoutte PM. Differential genomic changes caused by cholesterol- and PUFA-rich diets in regenerated porcine coronary endothelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:551-61. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00140.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial regeneration and dyslipidemia impair endothelium-dependent relaxation, while supplementation with fish oil (FO) prevents it. The genomic impact of different diets was compared in primary cultures derived from native and regenerated endothelial cells. Pigs were fed with high-cholesterol (CHL) or FO-rich diet. Partial in vivo removal of endothelium was performed to induce endothelial regeneration. Native and regenerated cells were harvested, cultured, and prepared for genomic (microarray experiments, real-time PCR) and proteomic (Western blotting) analysis. The analysis identified genomic changes induced by chronic CHL diet in native cultures resembling those induced by in vivo regeneration, as well as those that could be prevented by FO diet. At the protein level, the reduced and increased presences of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and F2, respectively, observed after regeneration combined with CHL diet were alleviated by FO. The comparison of the differential changes induced by regeneration in vivo in endothelial cells from both diet groups revealed a limited number of genes as the most likely contributors to reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxations in porcine coronary arteries lined with regenerated endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Cai
- Departments of 1Pharmacology & Pharmacy and
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of 1Pharmacology & Pharmacy and
| | - Song-Yan Liao
- Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and
| | - Yuan Liu
- Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and
| | - Bo Bai
- Departments of 1Pharmacology & Pharmacy and
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and
| | - Paul M. Vanhoutte
- Departments of 1Pharmacology & Pharmacy and
- Department of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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The Impact of Different Concentrations of Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate and Initial Balloon Denudation on Endothelial Cell Loss and Tunica Media Injury in a Model of Foam Sclerotherapy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39:366-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Lin PH, Steinberg JL, Okada T, Zhou W, El Sayed HF, Kougias P, Peden EK, Huynh TT, Yao Q, Chen C. Chronically impaired endothelial vasoreactivity following oversized endovascular introducer sheath placement in porcine iliac arteries: implications for endovascular therapy. Vascular 2007; 14:353-61. [PMID: 17150156 DOI: 10.2310/6670.2006.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The conventional endovascular aortic aneurysm procedure entails the placement of oversized introducer sheaths in relatively normal ileofemoral arteries to allow the delivery and deployment of endovascular prosthesis. Endoluminal manipulation with passage of oversized endoluminal devices can lead to endothelial denudation, resulting in impaired cellular function. The purpose of this study was to assess the time course of endothelial function with vasoreactivity following oversized endovascular sheath insertion ranging from 1 day to 16 weeks in normal porcine iliac arteries. Following oversized introducer sheath placement in bilateral iliac arteries, vasoreactivity was tested using both endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators. Intravascular ultrasonography showed a significant reduction in the luminal area at 12 and 16 weeks. This was similarly supported by morphometric analysis, which showed increased medial thickness with an elevated intima to media ratio at the same time course. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to bradykinin, calcium ionophore A23187, serotonin, and adenosine diphosphate all uniformly displayed attenuated endothelial dysfunction at all time points when compared with the control group. In contrast, endothelium-independent relaxation showed a decreased vasoresponsiveness at 4 weeks. In conclusion, this study underscored the detrimental and chronic endothelial dysfunction in a normal artery caused by oversized introducer sheath placement. Chronically impaired endothelial function may play a role leading to iliofemoral artery thrombosis or late occlusion, which were well-recognized adverse events following endovascular aneurysm procedures. Our study underscores the importance of appropriate patient selection to minimize potential sheath oversize and endograft device miniaturization to avoid vessel wall injury and maintain vasoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Lin
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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Lee MYK, Tse HF, Siu CW, Zhu SG, Man RYK, Vanhoutte PM. Genomic changes in regenerated porcine coronary arterial endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2443-9. [PMID: 17942849 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.141705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genomic changes were defined in cultures of regenerated porcine coronary endothelial cells to explain the alterations that underlie their dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Regeneration of the endothelium was triggered in vivo by endothelial balloon denudation. After 28 days, both left circumflex (native cells) and left anterior descending (regenerated cells) coronary arteries were dissected, their endothelial cells harvested, and primary cultures established. The basal cyclic GMP production was reduced in regenerated cells without significant reduction in the response to bradykinin and A23187. The mRNA expression levels in both native and regenerated cells were measured by microarray and RT-PCR. The comparison revealed genomic changes related to vasomotor control (cyclooxygenase-1, angiotensin II receptor), coagulation (F2 and TFPI), oxidative stress (Mn SOD, GPX3, and GSR), lipid metabolism (PLA2 and HPGD), and extracellular matrix (MMPs). A-FABP and MMP7 were induced by regeneration. RT-PCR revealed upregulation of A-FABP and downregulation of eNOS and TR. The differential gene expression profiles were confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting for eNOS, F2, Mn SOD, MMP7, and TR. CONCLUSIONS Cultures from regenerated coronary endothelial cells exhibit genomic changes explaining endothelial dysfunction and suggesting facilitation of coagulation, lipid peroxidation, and extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y K Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2F Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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7
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Shin DI, Kim PJ, Seung KB, Kim DB, Kim MJ, Chang K, Lim SM, Jeon DS, Chung WS, Baek SH, Lee MY. Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Could Be Associated With Long-Term Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction. Int Heart J 2007; 48:553-67. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.48.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Il Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Pum Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Dong Bin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sung Min Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Doo Soo Jeon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Wook Sung Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Man Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Kennedy S, Wadsworth RM, Wainwright CL. Locally administered antiproliferative drugs inhibit hypercontractility to serotonin in balloon-injured pig coronary artery. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 44:363-71. [PMID: 16540378 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although drugs such as sirolimus and paclitaxel are effective in reducing restenosis, their effects on vascular function are often overlooked. In this study, we have examined the effects of local delivery of several anti-restenotic drugs given in vivo after balloon injury on in vitro vascular contraction and relaxation 28 days after injury. Paclitaxel (50 microM), the farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor L744 (25 microM), sirolimus (25 microM) and Van 10/4 (decahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-1H-cycloprop[e]azulen-4-o-[2-(3-methylpent-2-enoyl)-fucopyranoside]; 25 microM) were delivered to porcine coronary arteries in vivo and the arteries removed 28 days later. Contractions to KCl and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and relaxations to calcimycin and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) were measured in control (LCx) and balloon-injured (LAD) rings. In vehicle-infused coronary arteries, contraction to KCl and 5-HT was significantly enhanced 28 days after balloon injury, while the response to calcimycin had recovered fully, indicating endothelial regrowth. The response to SIN-1 was unchanged. None of the four drugs tested had any effect on the enhanced response to KCl 28 days after injury or on recovery of the calcimycin response. The hyper-responsiveness to 5-HT was eliminated by sirolimus, Van 10/4 and L744, but not paclitaxel. This study demonstrates that local drug infusion with structurally different antiproliferative drugs at the time of balloon angioplasty does not affect endothelial recovery and may in some cases prevent hyper-responsiveness to constrictor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kennedy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, UK.
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Lu X, Guo X, Linares C, Kassab GS. A new method to denude the endothelium without damage to media: structural, functional, and biomechanical validation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 286:H1889-94. [PMID: 15072973 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00863.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intimial thickening that occurs in human and animal atherogenesis can be induced by mechanical injury to the endothelium. The objective of the present study was to develop a new method to induce arterial endothelial injury without damage to the media for future investigations of mechanisms of intimal thickening and atherogenesis. A specifically designed catheter was inserted into the common femoral artery of Wistar rats (n = 9) through an arteriotomic mouth. After application of Tyrode solution containing 0.14 M KCl on the surface of the vessel, the vessel contracted onto the catheter. The catheter was then moved back and forth to scrape away the endothelium. The left common femoral artery of the same rat was subjected to the standard balloon injury model. The two models were evaluated structurally, functionally, and biomechanically. Structurally, we verified that both techniques remove the endothelium, but the balloon method damages the media. Functionally, we examined the contractile response of the artery to [K+] and norepinephrine 2 days after the denudation. We found that the right femoral artery underwent contraction in response to [K+], whereas the left artery did not. Furthermore, neither artery responded to norepinephrine. Biomechanically, we measured the pressure-diameter relationship and the zero-stress state of the vessel and computed the stress-strain relation. The circumferential stretch ratios at 120 mmHg were 1.38 +/- 0.08 for the control, 1.41 +/- 0.08 (P > 0.05) for the new method, and 1.56 +/- 0.09 for the balloon injury (P < 0.05). The opening angles at the zero-stress state were 113 +/- 21 degrees for the control, 102 +/- 18 degrees for the new method (P > 0.05), and 8 +/- 13 degrees for the balloon injury (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the new method removes the endothelium while maintaining the structure, contractile function, and biomechanical properties of the vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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10
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Ruiz E, Padilla E, Tejerina T. Effect of somatostatin on rabbit isolated coronary arteries. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 90:51-8. [PMID: 12396027 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.90.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin analogues are capable of inhibiting vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation. However, little is known about the effect of somatostatin on vascular responses in endothelium-denuded coronary arteries in vitro. The aim of this work was to determine whether or not somatostatin prevented the contractile response induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine in endothelium-denuded rabbit coronary arteries. Somatostatin attenuated the contraction produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine in both proximal (PC) and distal coronary (DC) arteries (contraction induced by 10(-4) M 5-hydroxytryptamine was inhibited by 10(-6) M somatostatin by 90.8 +/- 11.0% (P < 0.001, n = 9) and by 46.2 +/- 14.0% (P < 0.05, n = 9) in DC and PC, respectively), but concentration-dependently decreased the contraction induced by U46619 (11alpha-epoxy-methanoprostaglandin F2alpha) only in PC arteries, suggesting that the response of PC and DC arteries to somatostatin were qualitatively different. Furthermore, we suggest that somatostatin may enhance acetylcholine-induced relaxation by combination of increasing endothelium-dependent relaxation (by a NO-dependent mechanism) and blocking contraction at the muscle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Silva EP, Fonseca FAH, Ihara SSM, Izar MCO, Lopes IL, Pinto LESA, Badimon JJ, Tuffik S, Paiva TB, Kasinski N, de Paola AV, Carvalho ACC. Early benefits of pravastatin to experimentally induced atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2002; 39:389-95. [PMID: 11862118 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200203000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is little information regarding the time of hypolipidemic treatment of changes in atherosclerotic plaque, tissue cholesterol content, and also for the recovery of endothelial function. To assess the early effects of lipid-lowering treatment on these parameters, six groups of New Zealand male rabbits were studied. Animals in groups I and II were fed regular chow; groups III and IV received a 12-week 0.5% cholesterol diet followed by 12 weeks of 0.05% cholesterol diet. Finally, groups V and VI were fed a 12-week 0.5% cholesterol diet and were then shifted to a regular diet for 12 weeks. During the last four weeks, the rabbits in groups I, III, and V received low-dose pravastatin (2 mg/day), added to the diet. Group IV animals had the highest cholesterol plasma levels (vs. groups I, II, III, and V, p < 0.01) and presented atherosclerotic plaques in a more advanced stage. Nonatherogenic diet was insufficient to restore endothelial function in animals previously fed cholesterol-enriched diets (groups IV and VI). Conversely, pravastatin treatment promoted significant improvement in endothelial function and reduced the progression of atherosclerosis. Marked increase in cholesterol content was seen in aorta and liver in response to the atherogenic diet. However, neither treatment with pravastatin nor nonatherogenic diet was capable of modifying the tissue cholesterol content. Our study supports the hypothesis that the early use of statins can attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis and ameliorate endothelial function. In addition, significant changes in the tissue cholesterol pool probably need a longer period of treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
- Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cholesterol/analysis
- Cholesterol/blood
- Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology
- Diet, Atherogenic
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Nitroprusside/pharmacology
- Pravastatin/pharmacology
- Pravastatin/therapeutic use
- Rabbits
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Media/drug effects
- Tunica Media/pathology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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