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Stasi MA, Scioli MG, Arcuri G, Mattera GG, Lombardo K, Marcellini M, Riccioni T, De Falco S, Pisano C, Spagnoli LG, Borsini F, Orlandi A. Propionyl-
l
-Carnitine Improves Postischemic Blood Flow Recovery and Arteriogenetic Revascularization and Reduces Endothelial NADPH-Oxidase 4–Mediated Superoxide Production. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:426-35. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.201533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
The beneficial effect of the natural compound propionyl-
l
-carnitine (PLC) on intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease is attributed to its anaplerotic function in ischemic tissues, but inadequate information is available concerning action on the vasculature.
Methods and Results—
We investigated the effects of PLC in rabbit hind limb collateral vessels after femoral artery excision, mouse dorsal air pouch, chicken chorioallantoic membrane, and vascular cells by angiographic, Doppler flow, and histomorphometrical and biomolecular analyses. PLC injection accelerated hind limb blood flow recovery after 4 days (
P
<0.05) and increased angiographic quadriceps collateral vascularization after 7 days (
P
<0.001) Histomorphometry confirmed the increased vascular area (
P
<0.05), with unchanged intramuscular capillary density. PLC-induced dilatative adaptation, and growth was found associated with increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and reduced arterial vascular endothelial growth factor and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. PLC also increased vascularization in air pouch and chorioallantoic membrane (
P
<0.05), particularly in large vessels. PLC increased endothelial and human umbilical vascular endothelial cell proliferation and rapidly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-oxidase 4–mediated reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells; NADPH-oxidase 4 also regulated NF-κB–independent intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression.
Conclusion—
Our results provided strong evidence that PLC improves postischemic flow recovery and revascularization and reduces endothelial NADPH-oxidase–related superoxide production. We recommend that PLC should be included among therapeutic interventions that target endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Stasi
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Arcuri
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovan Giuseppe Mattera
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Katia Lombardo
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcella Marcellini
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Riccioni
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sandro De Falco
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Pisano
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Giusto Spagnoli
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Borsini
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
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17
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Orlandi A, Francesconi A, Marcellini M, Di Lascio A, Spagnoli LG. Propionyl-L-carnitine Reduces Proliferation and Potentiates Bax-related Apoptosis of Aortic Intimal Smooth Muscle Cells by Modulating Nuclear Factor-κB Activity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:4932-4942. [PMID: 17178728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606148200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionyl-l-carnitine (PLC) has been introduced among the therapeutic approaches of peripheral arterial disease, and more recently, an increase of intimal cell apoptosis has been demonstrated to contribute to its effectiveness in rabbit carotid postinjury myointimal hyperplasia prevention. How PLC mediates these effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remains poorly understood. We investigated the role of NF-kappaB in PLC-induced arterial remodeling. In vivo, daily PLC treatment 15 days after injury resulted in a reduction of relative rat aortic intimal volume, an increase of apoptosis, Bax up-regulation without changing the Bcl-2 level, and a reduction of NF-kappaB, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and survivin in myointimal thickening compared with controls. In the presence of 10% serum, a reduced G(1) --> S phase progression preceded PLC-induced intimal cell apoptosis; in 0.1% serum cultures, in a dose-dependent manner, PLC rapidly induced intimal cell apoptosis and reduced p65, p50, IAP-1, and IAP-2 expression. Inhibiting NF-kappaB activation through SN50 increased apoptotic rate and Bax expression in intimal but not in medial SMCs, and successive PLC treatment failed to induce a further increase in apoptotic rate. Bax antisense oligodeoxynucleotide reduced PLC-induced intimal cell apoptosis and cytochrome c release. The PLC-induced attenuation of NF-kappaB activity in intimal cells was also due to the increase of IkappaB-alpha bioavailability, as the result of a parallel induction of IkappaB-alpha synthesis and reduction of phosphorylation and degradation. Collectively, these findings document that NF-kappaB activity inhibition contributes to PLC-induced proliferative arrest and Bax-related apoptosis of intimal SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Orlandi
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy and.
| | - Arianna Francesconi
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy and
| | | | - Antonio Di Lascio
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy and
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