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Akanuma G, Tagana T, Sawada M, Suzuki S, Shimada T, Tanaka K, Kawamura F, Kato-Yamada Y. C-terminal regulatory domain of the ε subunit of F o F 1 ATP synthase enhances the ATP-dependent H + pumping that is involved in the maintenance of cellular membrane potential in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00815. [PMID: 30809948 PMCID: PMC6692558 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ε subunit of FoF1‐ATPase/synthase (FoF1) plays a crucial role in regulating FoF1 activity. To understand the physiological significance of the ε subunit‐mediated regulation of FoF1 in Bacillus subtilis, we constructed and characterized a mutant harboring a deletion in the C‐terminal regulatory domain of the ε subunit (ε∆C). Analyses using inverted membrane vesicles revealed that the ε∆C mutation decreased ATPase activity and the ATP‐dependent H+‐pumping activity of FoF1. To enhance the effects of ε∆C mutation, this mutation was introduced into a ∆rrn8 strain harboring only two of the 10 rrn (rRNA) operons (∆rrn8 ε∆C mutant strain). Interestingly, growth of the ∆rrn8 ε∆C mutant stalled at late‐exponential phase. During the stalled growth phase, the membrane potential of the ∆rrn8 ε∆C mutant cells was significantly reduced, which led to a decrease in the cellular level of 70S ribosomes. The growth stalling was suppressed by adding glucose into the culture medium. Our findings suggest that the C‐terminal region of the ε subunit is important for alleviating the temporal reduction in the membrane potential, by enhancing the ATP‐dependent H+‐pumping activity of FoF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Akanuma
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tagana
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Sawada
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Suzuki
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shimada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Midori-ku, Japan
| | - Kan Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Midori-ku, Japan
| | - Fujio Kawamura
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kato-Yamada
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Malyan AN. Activation of MgADP-inactivated chloroplast F1-ATPase depends on oxyanion binding to noncatalytic sites. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 450:123-5. [PMID: 23824451 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A N Malyan
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow oblast, Russia
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3
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Malyan AN. Role of short conserved segments of α- and β-subunits that link F1-ATPase catalytic and noncatalytic sites. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:81-4. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Proton Translocation and ATP Synthesis by the FoF1-ATPase of Purple Bacteria. THE PURPLE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Regulatory mechanisms of proton-translocating F(O)F (1)-ATP synthase. Results Probl Cell Differ 2007; 45:279-308. [PMID: 18026702 DOI: 10.1007/400_2007_043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
H(+)-F(O)F(1)-ATP synthase catalyzes synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy of transmembrane electrochemical potential difference of proton (deltamu(H)(+). The enzyme can also generate this potential difference by working as an ATP-driven proton pump. Several regulatory mechanisms are known to suppress the ATPase activity of F(O)F(1): 1. Non-competitive inhibition by MgADP, a feature shared by F(O)F(1) from bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria 2. Inhibition by subunit epsilon in chloroplast and bacterial enzyme 3. Inhibition upon oxidation of two cysteines in subunit gamma in chloroplast F(O)F(1) 4. Inhibition by an additional regulatory protein (IF(1)) in mitochondrial enzyme In this review we summarize the information available on these regulatory mechanisms and discuss possible interplay between them.
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Feniouk BA, Suzuki T, Yoshida M. Regulatory interplay between proton motive force, ADP, phosphate, and subunit epsilon in bacterial ATP synthase. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:764-72. [PMID: 17092944 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606321200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP synthase couples transmembrane proton transport, driven by the proton motive force (pmf), to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P(i)). In certain bacteria, the reaction is reversed and the enzyme generates pmf, working as a proton-pumping ATPase. The ATPase activity of bacterial enzymes is prone to inhibition by both ADP and the C-terminal domain of subunit epsilon. We studied the effects of ADP, P(i), pmf, and the C-terminal domain of subunit epsilon on the ATPase activity of thermophilic Bacillus PS3 and Escherichia coli ATP synthases. We found that pmf relieved ADP inhibition during steady-state ATP hydrolysis, but only in the presence of P(i). The C-terminal domain of subunit epsilon in the Bacillus PS3 enzyme enhanced ADP inhibition by counteracting the effects of pmf. It appears that these features allow the enzyme to promptly respond to changes in the ATP:ADP ratio and in pmf levels in order to avoid potentially wasteful ATP hydrolysis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Feniouk
- ATP System Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Boyer
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA.
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Metzler DE, Metzler CM, Sauke DJ. Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Hydroxylation. Biochemistry 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012492543-4/50021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Boyer PD. Catalytic site forms and controls in ATP synthase catalysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1458:252-62. [PMID: 10838041 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A suggested minimal scheme for substrate binding by and interconversion of three forms of the catalytic sites of the ATP synthase is presented. Each binding change, that drives simultaneous interchange of the three catalytic site forms, requires a 120 degrees rotation of the gamma with respect to the beta subunits. The binding of substrate(s) at two catalytic sites is regarded as sufficing for near maximal catalytic rates to be attained. Although three sites do not need to be filled for rapid catalysis, during rapid bisite catalysis some enzyme may be transiently present with three sites filled. Forms with preferential binding for ADP and P(i) or for ATP are considered to arise from the transition state and participate in other steps of the catalysis. Intermediate forms and steps that may be involved are evaluated. Experimental evidence for energy-dependent steps and for control of coupling to proton translocation and transition state forms are reviewed. Impact of relevant past data on present understanding of catalytic events is considered. In synthesis a key step is suggested in which proton translocation begins to deform an open site so as to increase the affinity for ADP and P(i), that then bind and pass through the transition state, and yield tightly bound ATP in one binding change. ADP binding appears to be a key parameter controlling rotation during synthesis. In hydrolysis ATP binding to a loose site likely precedes any proton translocation, with proton movement occurring as the tight site form develops. Aspects needing further study are noted. Characteristics of the related MgADP inhibition of the F(1) ATPases that have undermined many observations are summarized, and relations of three-site filling to catalysis are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Boyer
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.
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Abstract
This paper gives an overview of a lecture scheduled for the opening of the 10th European Bioenergetics Congress. In this lecture I plan to first reflect on the accomplishments of some of the individuals who were involved in research on the ATP synthase during the past 50 years. Then I will give a brief view of the present information about rotational catalysis by the ATP synthase. This will be followed by a discussion of some results from my laboratory that call for additional experimentation. Finally I will direct attention to other questions about the ATP synthase that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Boyer
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles 90077-1570, USA.
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Malyan AN, Strotmann H. Energy-dependent changes in the ATP/ADP ratio at the tight nucleotide binding site of chloroplast ATP synthase. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1994; 42:169-172. [PMID: 24306558 DOI: 10.1007/bf00018259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/1993] [Accepted: 09/05/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using DTT-modulated thylakoid membranes we studied tight nucleotide binding and ATP content in bound nucleotides and in the reaction mixture during [(14)C] ADP photophosphorylation. The increasing light intensity caused an increase in the rate of [(14)C] ADP incorporation and a decrease in the steady-state level of tightly bound nucleotides. Within the light intensity range from 11 to 710 w m(-2), ATP content in bound nucleotides was larger than that in nucleotides of the reaction mixture; the most prominent difference was observed at low degrees of ADP phosphorylation. The increasing light intensity was accompanied by a significant increase of the relative ATP content in tightly bound nucleotides. The ratio between substrates and products formed at the tight nucleotide binding site during photophosphorylation was suggested to depend on the light-induced proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Malyan
- Institute of Soil Science and Photosynthesis, Russian Academy of Science, 142292, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Boyer PD. The binding change mechanism for ATP synthase--some probabilities and possibilities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1140:215-50. [PMID: 8417777 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90063-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P D Boyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1570
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Zhou J, Boyer P. Evidence that energization of the chloroplast ATP synthase favors ATP formation at the tight binding catalytic site and increases the affinity for ADP at another catalytic site. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lohse D, Strotmann H. Reactions related with ΔũH+-dependent. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Frasch WD, Green J, Caguiat J, Mejia A. ATP Hydrolysis Catalyzed by a β Subunit Preparation Purified from the Chloroplast Energy Transducing Complex CF1.CF0. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wise JG, Senior AE. Catalytic properties of the Escherichia coli proton adenosinetriphosphatase: evidence that nucleotide bound at noncatalytic sites is not involved in regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Biochemistry 1985; 24:6949-54. [PMID: 2866799 DOI: 10.1021/bi00345a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-depleted F1-ATPase from Escherichia coli was reconstituted with F1-depleted membranes and shown to catalyze high rates of oxidative phosphorylation of ADP and GDP. Adenine nucleotide became bound to the nonexchangeable nucleotide sites on membrane-bound F1 during ATP synthesis, but binding of guanine nucleotides to nonexchangeable sites during GTP synthesis was not detectable. It was possible to reload the nonexchangeable sites on nucleotide-depleted F1 with radioactive adenine nucleotide prior to membrane reconstitution. The radioactive adenine nucleotide did not exchange significantly during oxidative phosphorylation of ADP or GDP. The amount of nonexchangeable adenine nucleotide found in membrane-bound F1 was the same when the nonexchangeable sites were reloaded either prior to membrane reconstitution of the F1 or after membrane reconstitution with nucleotide-free F1 followed by a burst of oxidative phosphorylation of ADP. The results showed that occupation of the nonexchangeable sites on F1 by tightly bound nucleotide is not required for oxidative phosphorylation of GDP (a physiological activity of F1 in the bacterial cell). Also, the results confirm directly that the adenine-specific nonexchangeable sites on F1 are noncatalytic sites. Using this experimental approach, it was possible to look for a regulatory effect of the nonexchangeable nucleotide on oxidative phosphorylation. Nucleotide-depleted F1 was first reloaded with (i) ATP, (ii) ADP, (iii) 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate, or (iv) zero nucleotide, and was then reconstituted with F1-depleted membranes. The reconstituted membranes were compared in respect to rates of oxidative phosphorylation of GDP and Km values of GDP and Pi. No regulatory role for the nonexchangeable nucleotide was evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abbott MS, Czarnecki JJ, Selman BR. Localization of the high-affinity binding site for ATP on the membrane-bound chloroplast ATP synthase. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)71350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Anthon GE, Jagendorf AT. Methanol-induced release of tightly bound adenine nucleotides from thylakoid-associated CF1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 766:354-62. [PMID: 6235852 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of thylakoids in 33% methanol causes a release of the tightly bound nucleotides from CF1. This methanol effect is not a stimulation of nucleotide exchange, since no medium ATP or ADP is incorporated into CF1 during the methanol treatment. While the optimal conditions for stimulating the release of tightly bound ADP were similar to those for activating the ATPase, a direct relationship between the effects was not found. The tightly bound ADP does not represent a catalytic intermediate in this system, since (a) its rate of release is much slower than enzyme turnover, and (b) the substrate specificity for hydrolysis is different from that which promotes ADP release. A regulatory role for the tightly bound ADP in methanol-activated ATPase is also not indicated, since (a) activation of the ATPase occurs much more rapidly than ADP release, and (b) after the tightly bound ADP has been lost, high rates of ATP hydrolysis still require the presence of methanol, and (c) the small ATPase activity which persists after the removal of the methanol is not correlated with the loss of bound ADP. These results show that significant rates of ATP hydrolysis can occur with ADP still tightly bound to CF1. This argues against any model in which ADP regulates ATPase activity by binding directly to the catalytic site.
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Aflalo C, Shavit N. A new approach to the mechanism of photophosphorylation: modulation of ATP synthetase activity by limited diffusibility of nucleotides near the enzyme. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELLULAR REGULATION 1984; 24:435-45. [PMID: 6094112 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152824-9.50045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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