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Tomuleasa C, Tigu AB, Munteanu R, Moldovan CS, Kegyes D, Onaciu A, Gulei D, Ghiaur G, Einsele H, Croce CM. Therapeutic advances of targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:201. [PMID: 39138146 PMCID: PMC11323831 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a category of transmembrane receptors, have gained significant clinical attention in oncology due to their central role in cancer pathogenesis. Genetic alterations, including mutations, amplifications, and overexpression of certain RTKs, are critical in creating environments conducive to tumor development. Following their discovery, extensive research has revealed how RTK dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis, with many cancer subtypes showing dependency on aberrant RTK signaling for their proliferation, survival and progression. These findings paved the way for targeted therapies that aim to inhibit crucial biological pathways in cancer. As a result, RTKs have emerged as primary targets in anticancer therapeutic development. Over the past two decades, this has led to the synthesis and clinical validation of numerous small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), now effectively utilized in treating various cancer types. In this manuscript we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the RTKs in the context of cancer. We explored the various alterations and overexpression of specific receptors across different malignancies, with special attention dedicated to the examination of current RTK inhibitors, highlighting their role as potential targeted therapies. By integrating the latest research findings and clinical evidence, we seek to elucidate the pivotal role of RTKs in cancer biology and the therapeutic efficacy of RTK inhibition with promising treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Silviu Moldovan
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Kegyes
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Leukemia, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Udvorková N, Fekiačová A, Majtánová K, Mego M, Kučerová L. Antibody-drug conjugates as a novel therapeutic modality to treat recurrent refractory germ cell tumors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C362-C371. [PMID: 38912730 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00200.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a rationale for using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for implementing as therapy in recurrent refractory germ cell tumors similar to their position in the treatment of other types of chemoresistant solid tumors. Germ cell tumors (GCTs) originate from germ cells; they most frequently develop in ovaries or in the testes, while being the most common type of malignancy in young men. GCTs are very sensitive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but therapeutic resistance occurs in a considerable number of cases, which is associated with disease recurrence and poor patient prognosis. ADCs are a novel type of targeted antitumor agents that combine tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies with chemically linked chemotherapeutic drugs (payload) exerting a cytotoxic effect. Several FDA-approved ADCs use as targeting moieties the antigens that are also detected in the GCTs, offering a benefit of this type of targeted therapy even for patients with relapsed/refractory testicular GCTs (rrTGCT) unresponsive to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Udvorková
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Fekiačová
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Majtánová
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, National Cancer Institute and the 2nd Oncology Clinic of Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Translational Research Unit, National Cancer Institute and the 2nd Oncology Clinic of Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kučerová
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, National Cancer Institute and the 2nd Oncology Clinic of Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Luo D, Qiu X, Zheng Q, Ming Y, Pu W, Ai M, He J, Peng Y. Discovery of Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10655-10686. [PMID: 38913699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncogenic membrane protein in several malignancies and has been considered an attractive target for the treatment of human cancers. In this study, structure-based virtual screening and structure optimization were conducted to identify novel ROR1 inhibitors. Based on hit compound 2, 45 novel ROR1 inhibitors were designed and synthesized, and the detailed structure-activity relationship was investigated. Representative compound 19h potently binds ROR1 with a KD value of 0.10 μM, exhibiting antitumor activity in lung cancer and breast cancer cell lines (IC50: 0.36-1.37 μM). Additionally, a mechanism investigation demonstrated that compound 19h induces the apoptosis of tumor cells. Importantly, compound 19h significantly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model without obvious toxicity. Overall, this work identified compound 19h as a new ROR1 inhibitor, providing a novel lead compound for the treatment of lung cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qingquan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wencheng Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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Wang J, Li Z, Zhao Q. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor serves as a potential target in cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae141. [PMID: 38973261 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR), consisting of ROR1 and ROR2, is a conserved family of receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily that plays crucial roles during embryonic development with limited expression in adult normal tissues. However, it is overexpressed in a range of hematological malignancies and solid tumors and functions in cellular processes including cell survival, polarity, and migration, serving as a potential target in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the expression and structure of ROR in developmental morphogenesis and its function in cancers associated with Wnt5a signaling and highlights the cancer immunotherapy strategies targeting ROR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhoufang Li
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
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5
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Raso MG, Barrientos Toro E, Evans K, Rizvi Y, Lazcano R, Akcakanat A, Sini P, Trapani F, Madlener EJ, Waldmeier L, Lazar A, Meric-Bernstam F. Heterogeneous Profile of ROR1 Protein Expression across Tumor Types. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1874. [PMID: 38791952 PMCID: PMC11119314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt receptor ROR1 has generated increased interest as a cancer therapeutic target. Research on several therapeutic approaches involving this receptor is ongoing; however, ROR1 tissue expression remains understudied. We performed an immunohistochemistry analysis of ROR1 protein expression in a large cohort of multiple tumor and histologic types. We analyzed 12 anonymized multi-tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs), including mesothelioma, esophageal and upper gastrointestinal carcinomas, and uterine endometrioid carcinoma, among other tumor types. Additionally, we studied 5 different sarcoma types of TMAs and 6 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) TMAs developed from 19 different anatomic sites and tumor histologic types. A total of 1142 patient cases from different histologic types and 140 PDXs placed in TMAs were evaluated. Pathologists assessed the percentage of tumor cells in each case that were positive for ROR1 and the intensity of staining. For determining the prevalence of staining for each tumor type, a case was considered positive if >1% of its tumor cells showed ROR1 staining. Our immunohistochemistry assays revealed a heterogeneous ROR1 expression profile. A high prevalence of ROR1 expression was found in mesothelioma (84.6%), liposarcoma (36.1%), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (33.3%), and uterine endometrioid carcinoma (28.9%). Other histologic types such as breast, lung, renal cell, hepatocellular, urothelial carcinoma, and colon carcinomas; glioblastoma; cholangiocarcinoma; and leiomyosarcoma showed less ROR1 overall expression, ranging between 0.9 and 13%. No ROR1 expression was seen in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Overall, ROR1 expression was relatively infrequent and low in most tumor types investigated; however, ROR1 expression was infrequent but high in selected tumor types, such as gastroesophageal GIST, suggesting that ROR1 prescreening may be preferable for those indications. Further, mesothelioma exhibited frequent and high levels of ROR1 expression, which represents a previously unrecognized therapeutic opportunity. These findings can contribute to the development of ROR1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.B.T.); (R.L.)
| | - Elizve Barrientos Toro
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.B.T.); (R.L.)
| | - Kurt Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.E.); (Y.R.); (A.A.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Yasmeen Rizvi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.E.); (Y.R.); (A.A.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Rossana Lazcano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.B.T.); (R.L.)
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.E.); (Y.R.); (A.A.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Patrizia Sini
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, 1121 Vienna, Austria (F.T.)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.E.); (Y.R.); (A.A.); (F.M.-B.)
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Zheng M, Kumar A, Sharma V, Behl T, Sehgal A, Wal P, Shinde NV, Kawaduji BS, Kapoor A, Anwer MK, Gulati M, Shen B, Singla RK, Bungau SG. Revolutionizing pediatric neuroblastoma treatment: unraveling new molecular targets for precision interventions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1353860. [PMID: 38601081 PMCID: PMC11004261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1353860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent solid tumor in pediatric cases, contributing to around 15% of childhood cancer-related deaths. The wide-ranging genetic, morphological, and clinical diversity within NB complicates the success of current treatment methods. Acquiring an in-depth understanding of genetic alterations implicated in the development of NB is essential for creating safer and more efficient therapies for this severe condition. Several molecular signatures are being studied as potential targets for developing new treatments for NB patients. In this article, we have examined the molecular factors and genetic irregularities, including those within insulin gene enhancer binding protein 1 (ISL1), dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3), receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) and murine double minute 2-tumor protein 53 (MDM2-P53) that play an essential role in the development of NB. A thorough summary of the molecular targeted treatments currently being studied in pre-clinical and clinical trials has been described. Recent studies of immunotherapeutic agents used in NB are also studied in this article. Moreover, we explore potential future directions to discover new targets and treatments to enhance existing therapies and ultimately improve treatment outcomes and survival rates for NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vishakha Sharma
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Anupriya Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Australian Research Consortium in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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7
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Qin K, Yu M, Fan J, Wang H, Zhao P, Zhao G, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang A, Schwartz Z, Hong J, Song L, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho SH, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC, Shi LL. Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk. Genes Dis 2024; 11:103-134. [PMID: 37588235 PMCID: PMC10425814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing the signal either through β-catenin in the canonical pathway or through a series of other proteins in the noncanonical pathway. Many of the individual components of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling have additional functions throughout the body, establishing the complex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling pathways. This crosstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ processes. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in many diseases affecting a wide array of organ systems, including cancer and embryological defects, and can even cause embryonic lethality. The complexity of this system and its interacting proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic treatments. However, both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments come with potential risks that need to be addressed. This review synthesized much of the current knowledge on the Wnt signaling pathway, beginning with the history of Wnt signaling. It thoroughly described the different variants of Wnt signaling, including canonical, noncanonical Wnt/PCP, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Further description involved each of its components and their involvement in other cellular processes. Finally, this review explained the various other pathways and processes that crosstalk with Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Qin
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Yu
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Interventional Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zander Schwartz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lily Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Ahsan R, Khan MM, Mishra A, Noor G, Ahmad U. Protein Kinases and their Inhibitors Implications in Modulating Disease Progression. Protein J 2023; 42:621-632. [PMID: 37768476 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in cellular pathways, including cell cycle regulation, metabolism, differentiation and survival. The protein kinase superfamily network consists of 518 members involved in intrinsic or extrinsic interaction processes. Protein kinases are divided into two categories based on their ability to phosphorylate tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. The complexity of the system implies its vulnerability. Any changes in the pathways of protein kinases may be implicated in pathological processes. Therefore, they are regarded as having an important role in human diseases and represent prospective therapeutic targets. This article provides a review of the protein kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA. Finally, we summarize the mechanism of action of protein kinases, including their role in the development and progression of protein kinase-related roles in various pathological conditions and the future therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors, along with links to protein kinase databases. Further clinical studies aimed at examining the sequence of protein kinase inhibitor availability would better utilize current protein kinase inhibitors in diseases. Additionally, this review may help researchers and biochemists find new potent and selective protein kinase inhibitors and provide more indications for using existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiya Ahsan
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Muazzam Khan
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gazala Noor
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Usama Ahmad
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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9
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Riquelme R, Li L, Gambrill A, Barria A. ROR2 homodimerization is sufficient to activate a neuronal Wnt/calcium signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105350. [PMID: 37832874 PMCID: PMC10654037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a key role in the mature CNS by regulating trafficking of NMDA-type glutamate receptors and intrinsic properties of neurons. The Wnt receptor ROR2 has been identified as a necessary component of the neuronal Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling pathway that regulates synaptic and neuronal function. Since ROR2 is considered a pseudokinase, its mechanism for downstream signaling upon ligand binding has been controversial. It has been suggested that its role is to function as a coreceptor of a G-protein-coupled Wnt receptor of the Frizzled family. We show that chemically induced homodimerization of ROR2 is sufficient to recapitulate key signaling events downstream of receptor activation in neurons, including PKC and JNK kinases activation, elevation of somatic and dendritic Ca2+ levels, and increased trafficking of NMDARs to synapses. In addition, we show that homodimerization of ROR2 induces phosphorylation of the receptor on Tyr residues. Point mutations in the conserved but presumed nonfunctional ATP-binding site of the receptor prevent its phosphorylation, as well as downstream signaling. This suggests an active kinase domain. Our results indicate that ROR2 can signal independently of Frizzled receptors to regulate the trafficking of a key synaptic component. Additionally, they suggest that homodimerization can overcome structural conformations that render the tyrosine kinase inactive. A better understanding of ROR2 signaling is crucial for comprehending the regulation of synaptic and neuronal function in normal brain processes in mature animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Riquelme
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Li
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abigail Gambrill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andres Barria
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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10
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Li X, Sun Z, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang M, Guo J, Li H, Chen M, Cao G, Yu Y, Zhong H, Zou H, Ma K, Zhang B, Wang G, Feng Y. ROR1-AS1 might promote in vivo and in vitro proliferation and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:912. [PMID: 37770853 PMCID: PMC10536779 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in many pathophysiological processes, including cancer progression. Namely, lncRNA Receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like orphan receptor-1 antisense 1 (ROR1-AS1) is crucial for cancer occurrence and progression in organs such as the liver or bladder. However, its expression and role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have not been thoroughly explored.Firstly, we assessed cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration using three cell lines (HuCCT-1, QBC399, and RBE) to explore the biological characteristics of ROR1-AS1 in CCA. Secondly, to determine the in vivo effect of ROR1-AS1 on tumor growth, ROR1-AS1 knockdown (KD) HuCCT-1 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to evaluate tumor growth. Finally, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis to confirm the role of ROR1-AS1 in the prognosis and immunity of CCA.In this study, we found that lncRNA ROR1-AS1 was increased in CCA samples and patients with higher ROR1-AS1 expression had a shorter overall survival period. siRNA-mediated KD of ROR1-AS1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and inhibited the migration of CCA cells. In addition, ROR1-AS1 KD HuCCT-1 cells injected into nude mice grew slower than normal CCA cells.In summary, our results show that ROR1-AS1 can promote CCA progression and might serve as a new target for diagnosis and treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, HuiKang Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of Qingdao, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266520, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of operating theater, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Qinlei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Maobing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Jingyun Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - MenShou Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Guanghua Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, HuiKang Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of Qingdao, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266520, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Haochen Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, HuiKang Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of Qingdao, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266520, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Guolei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
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11
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Tabrizian N, Nouruzi S, Cui CJ, Kobelev M, Namekawa T, Lodhia I, Talal A, Sivak O, Ganguli D, Zoubeidi A. ASCL1 is activated downstream of the ROR2/CREB signaling pathway to support lineage plasticity in prostate cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112937. [PMID: 37552603 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage plasticity is a form of therapy-induced drug resistance. In prostate cancer, androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors potentially lead to the accretion of tumor relapse with loss of AR signaling and a shift from a luminal state to an alternate program. However, the molecular and signaling mechanisms orchestrating the development of lineage plasticity under the pressure of AR-targeted therapies are not fully understood. Here, a survey of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) identifies ROR2 as the top upregulated RTK following AR pathway inhibition, which feeds into lineage plasticity by promoting stem-cell-like and neuronal networks. Mechanistically, ROR2 activates the ERK/CREB signaling pathway to modulate the expression of the lineage commitment transcription factor ASCL1. Collectively, our findings nominate ROR2 as a potential therapeutic target to reverse the ENZ-induced plastic phenotype and potentially re-sensitize tumors to AR pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Tabrizian
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Nouruzi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Cassandra Jingjing Cui
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Maxim Kobelev
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Takeshi Namekawa
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ishana Lodhia
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Amina Talal
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Olena Sivak
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | | | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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12
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Parker BA, Shatsky RA, Schwab RB, Wallace AM, Wolf DM, Hirst GL, Brown-Swigart L, Esserman LJ, van 't Veer LJ, Ghia EM, Yau C, Kipps TJ. Association of baseline ROR1 and ROR2 gene expression with clinical outcomes in the I-SPY2 neoadjuvant breast cancer trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 199:281-291. [PMID: 37029329 PMCID: PMC10175386 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE ROR1 and ROR2 are Type 1 tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors for Wnt5a that are associated with breast cancer progression. Experimental agents targeting ROR1 and ROR2 are in clinical trials. This study evaluated whether expression levels of ROR1 or ROR2 correlated with one another or with clinical outcomes. METHODS We interrogated the clinical significance of high-level gene expression of ROR1 and/or ROR2 in the annotated transcriptome dataset from 989 patients with high-risk early breast cancer enrolled in one of nine completed/graduated/experimental and control arms in the neoadjuvant I-SPY2 clinical trial (NCT01042379). RESULTS High ROR1 or high ROR2 was associated with breast cancer subtypes. High ROR1 was more prevalent among hormone receptor-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR-HER2-) tumors and high ROR2 was less prevalent in this subtype. Although not associated with pathologic complete response, high ROR1 or high ROR2 each was associated with event-free survival (EFS) in distinct subtypes. High ROR1 associated with a worse EFS in HR + HER2- patients with high post-treatment residual cancer burden (RCB-II/III) (HR 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11-1.80) but not in patients with minimal post-treatment disease (RCB-0/I) (HR 1.85, 95% CI = 0.74-4.61). High ROR2 associated with an increased risk of relapse in patients with HER2 + disease and RCB-0/I (HR 3.46, 95% CI = 1.33-9.020) but not RCB-II/III (HR 1.07, 95% CI = 0.69-1.64). CONCLUSION High ROR1 or high ROR2 distinctly identified subsets of breast cancer patients with adverse outcomes. Further studies are warranted to determine if high ROR1 or high ROR2 may identify high-risk populations for studies of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Parker
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Shatsky
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard B Schwab
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anne M Wallace
- Department of Surgery and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gillian L Hirst
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lamorna Brown-Swigart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emanuela M Ghia
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Ghaderi A, Okhovat MA, Lehto J, De Petris L, Manouchehri Doulabi E, Kokhaei P, Zhong W, Rassidakis GZ, Drakos E, Moshfegh A, Schultz J, Olin T, Österborg A, Mellstedt H, Hojjat-Farsangi M. A Small Molecule Targeting the Intracellular Tyrosine Kinase Domain of ROR1 (KAN0441571C) Induced Significant Apoptosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041148. [PMID: 37111634 PMCID: PMC10145660 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ROR1 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in embryonic tissues but is absent in normal adult tissues. ROR1 is of importance in oncogenesis and is overexpressed in several cancers, such as NSCLC. In this study, we evaluated ROR1 expression in NSCLC patients (N = 287) and the cytotoxic effects of a small molecule ROR1 inhibitor (KAN0441571C) in NSCLC cell lines. ROR1 expression in tumor cells was more frequent in non-squamous (87%) than in squamous (57%) carcinomas patients, while 21% of neuroendocrine tumors expressed ROR1 (p = 0.0001). A significantly higher proportion of p53 negative patients in the ROR1+ group than in the p53 positive non-squamous NSCLC patients (p = 0.03) was noted. KAN0441571C dephosphorylated ROR1 and induced apoptosis (Annexin V/PI) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in five ROR1+ NSCLC cell lines and was superior compared to erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor). Apoptosis was confirmed by the downregulation of MCL-1 and BCL-2, as well as PARP and caspase 3 cleavage. The non-canonical Wnt pathway was involved. The combination of KAN0441571C and erlotinib showed a synergistic apoptotic effect. KAN0441571C also inhibited proliferative (cell cycle analyses, colony formation assay) and migratory (scratch wound healing assay) functions. Targeting NSCLC cells by a combination of ROR1 and EGFR inhibitors may represent a novel promising approach for the treatment of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amineh Ghaderi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad-Ali Okhovat
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jemina Lehto
- Kancera AB, Nanna Svartz Väg 4, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Luigi De Petris
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, 171 76 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 3848170001, Iran
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios Z. Rassidakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias Drakos
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Kancera AB, Nanna Svartz Väg 4, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Schultz
- Kancera AB, Nanna Svartz Väg 4, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Nanna Svartz Väg 4, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Konopelski Snavely SE, Srinivasan S, Dreyer CA, Tan J, Carraway KL, Ho HYH. Non-canonical WNT5A-ROR signaling: New perspectives on an ancient developmental pathway. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:195-227. [PMID: 36967195 PMCID: PMC11042798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering non-canonical WNT signaling has proven to be both fascinating and challenging. Discovered almost 30 years ago, non-canonical WNT ligands signal independently of the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin to regulate a wide range of morphogenetic processes during development. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie non-canonical WNT function, however, remain nebulous. Recent results from various model systems have converged to define a core non-canonical WNT pathway consisting of the prototypic non-canonical WNT ligand, WNT5A, the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR, the seven transmembrane receptor Frizzled and the cytoplasmic scaffold protein Dishevelled. Importantly, mutations in each of these signaling components cause Robinow syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by profound tissue morphogenetic abnormalities. Moreover, dysregulation of the pathway has also been linked to cancer metastasis. As new knowledge concerning the WNT5A-ROR pathway continues to grow, modeling these mutations will likely provide crucial insights into both the physiological regulation of the pathway and the etiology of WNT5A-ROR-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Konopelski Snavely
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Srisathya Srinivasan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jia Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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15
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Jahangirian E, Zargan J, Rabbani H, Zamani J. Investigating the inhibitory and penetrating properties of three novel anticancer and antimicrobial scorpion peptides via molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15354-15385. [PMID: 36927377 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2188956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The two types of bladder cancer, muscle invasive and non-muscle invasive (NMIBC), are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite this, even though muscle-invasive bladder cancer is more deadly, NMIBC requires more therapy due to a greater recurrence rate and more extended and expensive care. Immunotherapy, intravesical chemotherapy, cystoscopy, and transurethral resection (TUR) are among the treatments available. Crude scorpion venomand purified proteins and peptides, can suppress cancer metastasis in an in vitro or in vivo context, suppress cancer growth, halt the cell cycle, and cause cell apoptosis, according to an increasing number of experimental and preclinical studies. In this research, three novels discovered peptides (P2, P3 and P4. ProteomeXchange: PXD036231) from Buthotus saulcyi and, Odontobuthus doriae scorpions were used along with a peptide called pantinin (as a control). The phylogenetic tree showed that the peptides belong to Chaperonin HSP60, Chrysophsin2 and Pheromone-binding protein2, respectively. These peptides were docked with four known antigens, BAGE, BLCAP, PRAME and ROR1 related to bladder cancer and three bacterial antigens FliC, FliD and FimH to investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The results showed that peptides 2 and 3 have the best binding rate. The MD simulation results also confirmed the binding of peptides 2 and 3 to antigens. The penetration power of peptides 2 and 3 in the membrane of cancer cells and bacterial cells was also simulated, and the results of RMSD and PD confirmed it. QSAR suggests that peptides 2 and 3 can act as anti-cancer and anti-microbial peptides.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Jahangirian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamil Zargan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Sanada M, Yamazaki M, Yamada T, Fujino K, Kudoh S, Tenjin Y, Saito H, Kudo N, Sato Y, Matsuo A, Suzuki M, Ito T. Heterogeneous expression and role of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) in small cell lung cancer. Hum Cell 2023; 36:409-420. [PMID: 36463543 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression and role of ROR2 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). To examine the expression of ROR2, 27 surgically resected SCLC tissue samples were immunostained for ROR2. Sixteen tissue samples were positive and some showed intratumor heterogeneity in staining intensity. The heterogeneity of ROR2 expression was also observed in tumor tissues from a PDX model of SCLC, in which there were cells with high ROR2 expression (ROR2high cells) and without its expression (ROR2low cells). These cells were subjected to a RNA sequence analysis. GSEA was performed and the results obtained revealed the enrichment of molecules such as G2M checkpoint, mitotic spindle, and E2F targets in ROR2high cells. The rate of EdU incorporation was significantly higher in ROR2high cells than ROR2low cells from the PDX model and the SCLC cell lines. Cell proliferation was suppressed in ROR2 KO SBC3 cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparisons of down-regulated differentially expressed genes in ROR2 KO SBC3 cells with up-regulated DEG in ROR2high cells from the PDX model revealed 135 common genes. After a Metascape analysis of these genes, we focused on Aurora kinases. In SCLC cell lines, the knockdown of ROR2 suppressed Aurora kinases. Therefore, ROR2 appears to regulate the cell cycle through Aurora kinases. The present results reveal a role for ROR2 in SCLC and afford a candidate system (ROR2-Aurora kinase) accompanying tumor heterogeneity in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mune Sanada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Tenjin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Haruki Saito
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Noritaka Kudo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Younosuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Brain Morphology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Department of Brain Morphology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan. .,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi, Kita-Ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan.
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17
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Osorio-Rodríguez DA, Camacho BA, Ramírez-Segura C. Anti-ROR1 CAR-T cells: Architecture and performance. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1121020. [PMID: 36873868 PMCID: PMC9981679 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a membrane receptor that plays a key role in development. It is highly expressed during the embryonic stage and relatively low in some normal adult tissues. Malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and some solid tumors overexpress ROR1, making it a promising target for cancer treatment. Moreover, immunotherapy with autologous T-cells engineered to express a ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor (ROR1 CAR-T cells) has emerged as a personalized therapeutic option for patients with tumor recurrence after conventional treatments. However, tumor cell heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder successful clinical outcomes. This review briefly describes the biological functions of ROR1 and its relevance as a tumor therapeutic target, as well as the architecture, activity, evaluation, and safety of some ROR1 CAR-T cells used in basic research and clinical trials. Finally, the feasibility of applying the ROR1 CAR-T cell strategy in combination with therapies targeting other tumor antigens or with inhibitors that prevent tumor antigenic escape is also discussed. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT02706392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andrés Osorio-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - César Ramírez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
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18
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John M, Ford CE. Pan-Tissue and -Cancer Analysis of ROR1 and ROR2 Transcript Variants Identify Novel Functional Significance for an Alternative Splice Variant of ROR1. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102559. [PMID: 36289823 PMCID: PMC9599429 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ROR1/2 are putative druggable targets increasing in significance in translational oncology. Expression of ROR1/2 mRNA and transcript variants has not been systematically examined thus far. ROR1/2 transcript variant sequences, signal peptides for cell surface localisation, and mRNA and transcript variant expression were examined in 34 transcriptomic datasets including 33 cancer types and 54 non-diseased human tissues. ROR1/2 have four and eight transcript variants, respectively. ROR1/2 mRNA and transcript variant expression was detected in various non-diseased tissues. Our analysis identifies predominant expression of ROR1 transcript variant ENST00000545203, which lacks a signal peptide for cell surface localisation, rather than the predicted principal variant ENST00000371079. ENST00000375708 is the predominantly expressed transcript variant of ROR2. ROR1/2 expression in healthy human tissues should be carefully considered for safety assessment of targeted therapy. Studies exploring the function and significance of the predominantly expressed ROR1 transcript variant ENST00000545203 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miya John
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (C.E.F.); Tel.: +61-2-9385-1451 (C.E.F.)
| | - Caroline E. Ford
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (C.E.F.); Tel.: +61-2-9385-1451 (C.E.F.)
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19
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Abstract
Since its initial identification in 1992 as a possible class 1 cell-surface receptor without a known parent ligand, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) has stimulated research, which has made apparent its significance in embryonic development and cancer. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was the first malignancy found to have distinctive expression of ROR1, which can help distinguish leukemia cells from most noncancer cells. Aside from its potential utility as a diagnostic marker or target for therapy, ROR1 also factors in the pathophysiology of CLL. This review is a report of the studies that have elucidated the expression, biology, and evolving strategies for targeting ROR1 that hold promise for improving the therapy of patients with CLL or other ROR1-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Kipps
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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20
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ROR2 regulates self-renewal and maintenance of hair follicle stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4449. [PMID: 35915068 PMCID: PMC9343661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles undergo cycles of regeneration fueled by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). While β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt signaling has been extensively studied and implicated in HFSC activation and fate determination, very little is known about the function of β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling in HFSCs. In this study, we investigate the functional role of ROR2, a Wnt receptor, in HFSCs. By analyzing Ror2-depleted HFSCs, we uncover that ROR2 is not only essential to regulate Wnt-activated signaling that is responsible for HFSC activation and self-renewal, but it is also required to maintain proper ATM/ATR-dependent DNA damage response, which is indispensable for the long-term maintenance of HFSCs. In analyzing HFSCs lacking β-catenin, we identify a compensatory role of ROR2-PKC signaling in protecting β-catenin-null HFSCs from the loss of stem cell pool. Collectively, our study unveils a previously unrecognized role of ROR2 in regulation of stem cell self-renewal and maintenance. Wnt signaling functions in tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Here the authors show that ROR2, a Wnt receptor, plays roles not only in transducing Wnt signaling, but also in regulation of DNA damage response critical for stem cell maintenance.
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21
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Guarino SR, Di Bello A, Palamini M, Capillo MC, Forneris F. Crystal structure of the kringle domain of human receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (hROR1). Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:185-192. [PMID: 35506763 PMCID: PMC9067376 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors (RORs) are monotopic membrane proteins belonging to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. RTKs play a role in the control of most basic cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and metabolism. New emerging roles for RORs in cancer progression have recently been proposed: RORs have been shown to be overexpressed in various malignancies but not in normal tissues, and moreover an abnormal expression level of RORs on the cellular surface is correlated with high levels of cytotoxicity in primary cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular part of RTKs might be of importance to prevent tumor cell growth: targeting extracellular kringle domain molecules induces the internalization of RORs and decreases cell toxicity. Here, the recombinant production and crystallization of the isolated KRD of ROR1 and its high-resolution X-ray crystal structure in a P3121 crystal form at 1.4 Å resolution are reported. The crystal structure is compared with previously solved three-dimensional structures of kringle domains of human ROR1 and ROR2, their complexes with antibody fragments and structures of other kringle domains from homologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore R. Guarino
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Bello
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Palamini
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Capillo
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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22
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Rozen EJ, Shohet JM. Systematic review of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily in neuroblastoma pathophysiology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:33-52. [PMID: 34716856 PMCID: PMC8924100 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a devastating disease accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Yet, our understanding of key molecular drivers such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in this pathology remains poorly clarified. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the RTK superfamily in the context of neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS Statistical correlations for all RTK family members' expression to neuroblastoma patient survival across 10 independent patient cohorts were annotated, synthesized, and ranked using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform. Gene expression of selected members across different cancer cell lines was further analyzed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, part of the Cancer Dependency Map portal (depmap portal ( http://depmap.org )). Finally, we provide a detailed literature review for highly ranked candidates. RESULTS Our analysis defined two subsets of RTKs showing robust associations with either better or worse survival, constituting potential novel players in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy. We review the available literature regarding the oncogenic functions of these RTKs, their roles in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, and potential utility as therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic analysis and review of the RTK superfamily in neuroblastoma pathogenesis provides a new resource to guide the research community towards focused efforts investigating signaling pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma tumor establishment, growth, and/or aggressiveness and targeting these druggable molecules in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Javier Rozen
- Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Jason Matthew Shohet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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23
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Castro MV, Lopez-Bergami P. Cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in the dual role of ROR2 in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103595. [PMID: 35032666 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ROR1 and ROR2 are Wnt receptors that are critical for β-catenin-independent Wnt pathways and have been linked to processes driving tumor progression, such as cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and therapy resistance. Both receptors have garnered interest as potential therapeutic targets since they are largely absent in adult tissue, are overexpressed in several cancers, and, as members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, are easier to target than all other components of the pathway. Unlike ROR1 which always promotes tumorigenesis, ROR2 has a very complex role in cancer acting either to promote or inhibit tumor progression in different tumor types. In the present article, we summarize the findings on ROR2 expression in cancer patients and its impact on clinical outcome. Further, we review the biological processes and signaling pathways regulated by ROR2 that explain its dual role in cancer. Finally, we describe the ongoing strategies to target ROR2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Castro
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina.
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24
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Daikuzono H, Yamazaki M, Sato Y, Takahashi T, Yamagata K. Development of a DELFIA method to detect oncofetal antigen ROR1-positive exosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 578:170-176. [PMID: 34597914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is highly expressed in a wide variety of hematological and solid cancers, but is low or absent in adult tissues. Here, we show that ROR1 is released with exosomes from ROR1-positive cancer cells. We also developed a simple dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay (DELFIA) to detect cancer-derived ROR1-positive exosomes, which are captured by two anti-ROR1 antibodies and detected by the fluorescence of free chelating europium. This new DELFIA method can detect cancer-derived ROR1-positive exosomes in the cell supernatant and serum with a wide range and rapidly compared with the conventional Western blot assay. This method may be useful as a companion diagnostics for ROR1-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Daikuzono
- Department of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamazaki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | | | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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25
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Ferrao Blanco MN, Domenech Garcia H, Legeai-Mallet L, van Osch GJVM. Tyrosine kinases regulate chondrocyte hypertrophy: promising drug targets for Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1389-1398. [PMID: 34284112 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major health problem worldwide that affects the joints and causes severe disability. It is characterized by pain and low-grade inflammation. However, the exact pathogenesis remains unknown and the therapeutic options are limited. In OA articular chondrocytes undergo a phenotypic transition becoming hypertrophic, which leads to cartilage damage, aggravating the disease. Therefore, a therapeutic agent inhibiting hypertrophy would be a promising disease-modifying drug. The therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been mainly focused on oncology, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Janus kinase inhibitor Tofacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis has broadened the applicability of these compounds to other diseases. Interestingly, tyrosine kinases have been associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss the experimental evidence that implicates specific tyrosine kinases in signaling pathways promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Ferrao Blanco
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H Domenech Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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26
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Cancer-Testis Antigens in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Role and Potential Utility in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153875. [PMID: 34359776 PMCID: PMC8345750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells commonly express tumour-associated antigens that can induce immune responses to eradicate the tumour. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a form of breast cancer lacking the expression of hormone receptors and cerbB2 (HER2) and tends to be more aggressive and associated with poorer prognoses due to the limited treatment options. Characterisation of biomarkers or treatment targets is thus of great significance in revealing additional therapeutic options. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are tumour-associated antigens that have garnered strong attention as potential clinical biomarkers in targeted immunotherapy due to their cancer-restricted expressions and robust immunogenicity. Previous clinical studies reported that CTAs correlated with negative hormonal status, advanced tumour behaviour and a poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. Various studies also demonstrated the oncogenic potential of CTAs in cell proliferation by inhibiting cell death and inducing metastasis. Multiple clinical trials are in progress to evaluate the role of CTAs as treatment targets in various cancers. CTAs hold great promise as potential treatment targets and biomarkers in cancer, and further research could be conducted on elucidating the mechanism of actions of CTAs in breast cancer or combination therapy with other immune modulators. In the current review, we summarise the current understandings of CTAs in TNBC, addressing the role and utility of CTAs in TNBC, as well as discussing the potential applications and advantage of incorporating CTAs in clinical practise.
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27
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Proteomic analysis identifies the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pdzrn3 as a regulatory target of Wnt5a-Ror signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104944118. [PMID: 34135125 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104944118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a-Ror signaling is a conserved pathway that regulates morphogenetic processes during vertebrate development [R. T. Moon et al, Development 119, 97-111 (1993); I. Oishi et al, Genes Cells 8, 645-654 (2003)], but its downstream signaling events remain poorly understood. Through a large-scale proteomic screen in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pdzrn3 as a regulatory target of the Wnt5a-Ror pathway. Upon pathway activation, Pdzrn3 is degraded in a β-catenin-independent, ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent manner. We developed a flow cytometry-based reporter to monitor Pdzrn3 abundance and delineated a signaling cascade involving Frizzled, Dishevelled, Casein kinase 1, and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 that regulates Pdzrn3 stability. Epistatically, Pdzrn3 is regulated independently of Kif26b, another Wnt5a-Ror effector. Wnt5a-dependent degradation of Pdzrn3 requires phosphorylation of three conserved amino acids within its C-terminal LNX3H domain [M. Flynn, O. Saha, P. Young, BMC Evol. Biol. 11, 235 (2011)], which acts as a bona fide Wnt5a-responsive element. Importantly, this phospho-dependent degradation is essential for Wnt5a-Ror modulation of cell migration. Collectively, this work establishes a Wnt5a-Ror cell morphogenetic cascade involving Pdzrn3 phosphorylation and degradation.
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28
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Zhao Y, Zhang D, Guo Y, Lu B, Zhao ZJ, Xu X, Chen Y. Tyrosine Kinase ROR1 as a Target for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680834. [PMID: 34123850 PMCID: PMC8193947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 plays an essential role in embryogenesis and is overexpressed in many types of malignant tumors. Studies have demonstrated that it plays an important role in oncogenesis by activating cell survival signaling events, particularly the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway. Antibody-based immunotherapies targeting ROR1 have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies with promising outcomes. However, small molecule inhibitors targeting ROR1 are underappreciated because of the initial characterization of ROR1 as a peusdokinase. The function of ROR1 as a tyrosine kinase remains poorly understood, although accumulating evidence have demonstrated its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. In this review, we analyzed the structural and functional features of ROR1 and discussed therapeutic strategies targeting this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Menck K, Heinrichs S, Baden C, Bleckmann A. The WNT/ROR Pathway in Cancer: From Signaling to Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010142. [PMID: 33445713 PMCID: PMC7828172 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT pathway is one of the major signaling cascades frequently deregulated in human cancer. While research had initially focused on signal transduction centered on β-catenin as a key effector activating a pro-tumorigenic transcriptional response, nowadays it is known that WNT ligands can also induce a multitude of β-catenin-independent cellular pathways. Traditionally, these comprise WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) and WNT/Ca2+ signaling. In addition, signaling via the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors (RORs) has gained increasing attention in cancer research due to their overexpression in a multitude of tumor entities. Active WNT/ROR signaling has been linked to processes driving tumor development and progression, such as cell proliferation, survival, invasion, or therapy resistance. In adult tissue, the RORs are largely absent, which has spiked the interest in them for targeted cancer therapy. Promising results in preclinical and initial clinical studies are beginning to unravel the great potential of such treatment approaches. In this review, we summarize seminal findings on the structure and expression of the RORs in cancer, their downstream signaling, and its output in regard to tumor cell function. Furthermore, we present the current clinical anti-ROR treatment strategies and discuss the state-of-the-art, as well as the challenges of the different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saskia Heinrichs
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Baden
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.H.); (C.B.)
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0251-8352712
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30
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Hojjat-Farsangi M, Moshfegh A, Schultz J, Norin M, Olin T, Österborg A, Mellstedt H. Targeting the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROR1 by Small Molecules. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:75-99. [PMID: 34490515 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are frequently dysregulated in malignancies and important for the malignant characteristics of tumor cells. RTKs are attractive structures for drug targeting of cancer. The RTK ROR1 is of significance during embryogenesis but downregulated in post-partum tissues. However, ROR1 is overexpressed in several hematological and solid tumors and important for tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, and metastasis. WNT5a is a main ligand for ROR1. Several clinical trials are ongoing using anti-ROR1 antibody based drugs directed against the external domain (monoclonal antibodies, BiTE, CAR-T). We have produced small molecules (KAN834/1571c) fitting to the ATP pocket of the intracellular tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of ROR1 (TK inhibitor, TKI). These inhibitors of ROR1 prevented ROR1 phosphorylation and inactivated the WNT/β-catenin independent as well as WNT/β-catenin dependent pathways. ROR1-TKI induced apoptosis of ROR1 positive fresh patient derived tumor cells and appropriate cell lines and a dose and time dependent tumor reduction in animal models. In combination with other clinically relevant targeting drugs as venetoclax a synergistic apoptotic effect was seen. Two other small molecules (ARI-1 and strictinin) bound also to ROR1 and inhibited tumor growth. Development of small molecule ROR1 inhibitors is warranted to include this novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- BioClinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Schultz
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Norin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- BioClinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- BioClinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Farren TW, Sadanand KS, Agrawal SG. Highly Sensitive and Accurate Assessment of Minimal Residual Disease in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using the Novel CD160-ROR1 Assay. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597730. [PMID: 33344247 PMCID: PMC7744938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.597730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) has a favorable prognostic outcome compared with MRD that can be detected. This study investigated a flow cytometric assay (CD160-ROR1FCA) targeting the tumor-specific antigens CD160 and receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), along with CD2, CD5, CD19, CD45. CD160-ROR1FCA was compared with the originally published 8-colour European Research Initiative for CLL (ERIC) gold-standard assay for CLL MRD detection. CD160-ROR1FCA had a limit of detection of 0.001% and showed strong correlation with ERIC (R = 0.98, p < 0.01) with negligible differences in MRD detection (bias -0.3152 95%CI 5.586 to -6.216). Using CD160-ROR1FCA, increased expression of both CD160 and ROR1 was found in Monoclonal B cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) compared to low-level polyclonal B-cell expansions (p < 0.01). Patients in CR and with undetectable MRD had a longer EFS (not reached) than those in CR but with detectable MRD (756 days, p < 0.01) versus 113 days in patients with partial remission (p < 0.01). Patients with MRD levels of >0.01 to 0.1% had a longer EFS (2,333 days), versus levels between 0.1 to 1% (1,049 days). CD160-ROR1FCA is a novel assay for routine CLL MRD measurement and for MBL detection. MRD status assessed by CD160-ROR1FCA after CLL treatment correlated with EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Farren
- Department of Haemato-Oncology and Immunophenotyping (SIHMDS), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaushik S Sadanand
- Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samir G Agrawal
- Department of Haemato-Oncology and Immunophenotyping (SIHMDS), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Schiavone G, Epistolio S, Martin V, Molinari F, Barizzi J, Mazzucchelli L, Frattini M, Wannesson L. Functional and clinical significance of ROR1 in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1085. [PMID: 33172431 PMCID: PMC7653802 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is normally detectable in embryonic tissues and absent in adult tissues. ROR1 was shown to inhibit apoptosis, potentiate EGFR signaling and reported to be overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in several tumor models. This study aimed to assess the expression of ROR1 in lung adenocarcinoma (AC) patients. Methods We analyzed ROR1 expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 56 histologically confirmed lung AC, stage I to IV, in addition we evaluated its association with TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor-1) expression and the main molecular alterations involved in lung cancerogenesis. Results ROR1 overexpression was observed in 28.6% of the entire cohort, using a cut-off of 1, or in 51.8% of the cases using the median value as threshold. Among patients without any genetic alteration, ROR1 overexpression was observed in 34.8% considering a cut-off of 1 and 52.2% considering the median value. The distribution of ROR1 was homogeneous among the different molecular categories: we found no association of ROR1 expression and the presence of gene mutations/rearrangements or the expression of TTF-1. Conclusions ROR1 overexpression could constitute a potential therapeutic target because altered in a consistent number of lung AC, especially in cases without druggable genetic alterations. ROR1 expression is independent of classical lung cancer molecular alterations and not correlated, in a Caucasian cohort, to TTF-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Schiavone
- Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Via Ospedale, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Samantha Epistolio
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Via in Selva 24, 6600, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Vittoria Martin
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Via in Selva 24, 6600, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Molinari
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Via in Selva 24, 6600, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Barizzi
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Via in Selva 24, 6600, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mazzucchelli
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Via in Selva 24, 6600, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Milo Frattini
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Via in Selva 24, 6600, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Wannesson
- Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Via Ospedale, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Goydel RS, Weber J, Peng H, Qi J, Soden J, Freeth J, Park H, Rader C. Affinity maturation, humanization, and co-crystallization of a rabbit anti-human ROR2 monoclonal antibody for therapeutic applications. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5995-6006. [PMID: 32193207 PMCID: PMC7196640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are widely used as cancer therapeutics, but their current use is limited by the low number of antigens restricted to cancer cells. A receptor tyrosine kinase, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2), is normally expressed only during embryogenesis and is tightly down-regulated in postnatal healthy tissues. However, it is up-regulated in a diverse set of hematologic and solid malignancies, thus ROR2 represents a candidate antigen for antibody-based cancer therapy. Here we describe the affinity maturation and humanization of a rabbit mAb that binds human and mouse ROR2 but not human ROR1 or other human cell-surface antigens. Co-crystallization of the parental rabbit mAb in complex with the human ROR2 kringle domain (hROR2-Kr) guided affinity maturation by heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3)-focused mutagenesis and selection. The affinity-matured rabbit mAb was then humanized by complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting and framework fine tuning and again co-crystallized with hROR2-Kr. We show that the affinity-matured and humanized mAb retains strong affinity and specificity to ROR2 and, following conversion to a T cell-engaging bispecific antibody, has potent cytotoxicity toward ROR2-expressing cells. We anticipate that this humanized affinity-matured mAb will find application for antibody-based cancer therapy of ROR2-expressing neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Goydel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Justus Weber
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Junpeng Qi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Jo Soden
- Retrogenix Ltd., Chinley, High Peak SK23 6FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Freeth
- Retrogenix Ltd., Chinley, High Peak SK23 6FJ, United Kingdom
| | - HaJeung Park
- X-Ray Crystallography Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Dept. of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way #2C1, Jupiter, FL 33458. Tel.:
561-228-2053; E-mail:
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Lei L, Huang Z, Feng J, Huang Z, Tao Y, Hu X, Zhang X. Loss of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 impairs the osteogenesis of mBMSCs by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:137. [PMID: 32216811 PMCID: PMC7098134 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) plays a key role in bone formation, but its signaling pathway is not completely understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) takes part in maintaining bone homeostasis. The aim of this study is to reveal the role and mechanism of Ror2 in the osteogenic differentiation from mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) and to explore the effect of Stat3 on Ror2-mediated osteogenesis. Methods Ror2 CKO mice were generated via the Cre-loxp recombination system using Prrx1-Cre transgenic mice. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed to assess the expression of Stat3 and osteogenic markers in Ror2-knockdown mBMSCs (mBMSC-sh-Ror2). After being incubated in osteogenic induction medium for 3 weeks, Alizarin Red staining and western blot were used to examine the calcium deposit and osteogenic markers in Stat3 overexpression in mBMSC-sh-Ror2. Results Loss of Ror2 in mesenchymal or osteoblast progenitor cells led to a dwarfism phenotype in vivo. The mRNA expression of osteogenic markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin (OPN), and collagen I) in the ulna proximal epiphysis of Ror2 CKO mice was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of Stat3 and osteogenic markers (Runx2, osterix, and OPN) decreased in mBMSC-sh-Ror2 cells (P < 0.05). The overexpression of Stat3 in mBMSC-sh-Ror2 cells rescued the calcium deposit and expression of Runx2, osterix, and OPN to a level comparable to normal mBMSCs. Conclusions Ror2 was essential for skeleton development by regulating mBMSCs’ osteogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. Loss of Ror2 may impair the osteogenesis of mBMSCs by inhibiting Stat3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Lei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuwei Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijing Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Tao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
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Hasan MK, Widhopf GF, Zhang S, Lam SM, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Parker BA, Kipps TJ. Wnt5a induces ROR1 to recruit cortactin to promote breast-cancer migration and metastasis. NPJ Breast Cancer 2019; 5:35. [PMID: 31667337 PMCID: PMC6814774 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ROR1 is a conserved oncoembryonic surface protein expressed in breast cancer. Here we report that ROR1 associates with cortactin in primary breast-cancer cells or in MCF7 transfected to express ROR1. Wnt5a also induced ROR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin (Y421), which recruited ARHGEF1 to activate RhoA and promote breast-cancer-cell migration; such effects could be inhibited by cirmtuzumab, a humanized mAb specific for ROR1. Furthermore, treatment of mice bearing breast-cancer xenograft with cirmtuzumab inhibited cortactin phosphorylation in vivo and impaired metastatic development. We established that the proline at 841 of ROR1 was required for it to recruit cortactin and ARHGEF1, activate RhoA, and enhance breast-cancer-cell migration in vitro or development of metastases in vivo. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the interaction of ROR1 with cortactin plays an important role in breast-cancer-cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - George F. Widhopf
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Suping Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Sharon M. Lam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Steven P. Briggs
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Barbara A. Parker
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Thomas J. Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
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36
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Yang K, Zhu J, Tan Y, Sun X, Zhao H, Tang G, Zhang D, Qi H. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in ROR2 gene in a fetus with Robinow syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23074. [PMID: 31617258 PMCID: PMC7031599 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome (ARRS) is a rare genetic disorder, which affects the development of multiple systems, particularly the bones. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic cause of a ARRS fetus and to evaluate the reliability of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in prenatal diagnosis on cases with indistinguishable multiple malformation. Methods Clinical and ultrasonic evaluations were conducted on the fetus, and multiplatform genetic techniques were used to identify the variation responsible for RS. The pathogenicity of the novel variation was evaluated by in silico methods. Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on fetal tissues after the fetus' stillbirth and postabortal autopsy. Results A compound heterozygous variation consisting c.613C > T and c.904C > T in ROR2 gene was identified. In silico prediction suggested that c.904C > T was a deleterious variant. IHC result demonstrated that ror2 expression level of the proband in osteochondral tissue significantly increased comparing with that of the control sample. Conclusions For the first time in Chinese population, we characterized a novel variation in ROR2 gene causing ARRS. This study extended the mutation spectrum of ARRS and provided a promising strategy for prenatal diagnosis of cases with ambiguous multiple deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Zhao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Tang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
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37
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Dave H, Butcher D, Anver M, Bollard CM. ROR1 and ROR2-novel targets for neuroblastoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 36:352-364. [PMID: 31441359 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1646365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite advances in immunotherapeutic strategies for neuroblastoma (NBL), relapse remains a significant cause of mortality for high risk patients. The discovery of novel tumor associated antigens to improve efficacy and minimize the toxicities of immunotherapy is therefore warranted. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptor-1 and 2 (ROR1 and ROR2) have been found to be expressed in several malignancies with limited expression in healthy tissues. Objectives: Given their role in tumor migration and proliferation and the fact that they were originally cloned from a NBL cell line, we hypothesized that ROR1 and ROR2 could serve as potential targets for anti-ROR1 and anti-ROR2 based immunotherapies in NBL. Methods: We characterized the mRNA and protein expression of ROR1 and ROR2 in NBL cell lines and tissue microarrays of patient samples. To explore the potential of ROR1 targeting, we performed in vitro cytotoxicity assays against NBL using NK92 cells as effector cells. Results: Both ROR1 and ROR2 are expressed across all stages of NBL. In patients with non-MYC amplified tumors, expression of ROR1/ROR2 correlated with survival and prognosis. Moreover, in a proof-of-concept experiment, pretreatment of NBL cell line with anti-ROR1 antibody showed additive cytotoxicity with NK92 cells. Conclusions: ROR1 and ROR2 could serve as novel targets for immunotherapy in NBL. The additive effect of anti-ROR1 antibodies with NK cells needs to be explored further to evaluate the possibility of combining anti-ROR1 antibodies with immune effectors such as NK92 cells as a potential off-the shelf immunotherapy for NBL and other ROR1 expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Dave
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, The George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute , Frederick , Maryland , USA
| | - Miriam Anver
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute , Frederick , Maryland , USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, The George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
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Wang HL, Liu YC, Long MP, Zheng C, Yang JH. Blocking ROR1 enhances the roles of erlotinib in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2977-2984. [PMID: 31452776 PMCID: PMC6704288 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment strategies involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have advanced significantly; however, challenges still remain regarding the development of resistance. It has been reported that receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) acts as a hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and c-Src substrate, and that the extracellular domain of ROR1 is associated with EGFR to sustain EGFR-ERBB3-PI3K signaling. Our previous study reported that blocking ROR1 significantly decreased the activity of key signal molecules in the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was associated with a significant increase of apoptosis and significant decrease of proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. The present study hypothesized that inhibiting ROR1 could potentially prevent erlotinib resistance in NSCLC cell lines. Investigations were performed with two erlotinib-resistant cell lines XLA-07 and NCI-H1975, and an erlotinib-acquired-resistant cell line PC-9erlo, which was developed from its parental cell line PC-9. It was identified that the inhibition of ROR1 via small interfering RNA treatment significantly improved the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing roles of erlotinib in TKI-resistant tumor cells. This was in accordance with the activity of key molecules of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, including glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β (GSK-3α/β), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), AKT, mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (p70S6K). The current data suggest that targeting ROR1 is a potential novel treatment strategy for patients with ROR1-positive NSCLC, particularly those with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Peng Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
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Ma X, Liu B, Yang J, Hu K. Solution structure, dynamics and function investigation of Kringle domain of human receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2229-2239. [PMID: 31232192 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1635914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) has been recently proposed as a potential target for cancer treatment. It was suggested that monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the Kringle (KNG) domain of ROR1 could induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Here, we reported the determination of the solution structure of human ROR1-KNG (hROR1-KNG), investigation of its dynamic properties and potential binding interface by NMR spectroscopy. The obtained NMR structure of hROR1-KNG exhibits an open form at Asn47-His50 and shows obvious differences from other canonical KNGs at the corresponding lysine binding site, which implies that hROR1-KNG may interact with some non-canonical ligands. Dynamics analysis of hROR1-KNG reveal a faster local motion around the α-turn and 310-helix, which may provide flexibility to protect the proximal hydrophobic core in solution or facilitate the binding of other molecules. The intermediate-to-slow conformational exchange of Cys77-Ile79 may influence the conformation determination of disulfide bond Cys53-Cys77. Binding interface of hROR1-KNG for mAb R11 was analyzed and compared with the epitope for the functional mAbs. Previous study implies that hROR1-KNG may be involved in mediating the heterooligomerization between ROR1 and ROR2 in vivo. However, apparently, no direct interaction between hROR1-KNG and hROR2-KNG was observed from chemical shift perturbation experiment. Our work lays foundation to further functional study on interactions of hROR1-KNG with other biological relevant partners.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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40
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Chen J, Yue C, Xu J, Zhan Y, Zhao H, Li Y, Ye Y. Downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 in preeclampsia placenta inhibits human trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway accommodation. Placenta 2019; 82:17-24. [PMID: 31174622 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive deficiency of the trophoblast and poor remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries were probably the primary pathogenesis causes of preeclampsia (PE). The expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) during embryogenesis had been previously confirmed and was closely related to the function of tumor cells, which was similar to the characteristics of trophoblasts. In this work, we investigated the expression profile of ROR1 in preeclampsia placentas and the functional role of ROR1 in trophoblast cells, as well as the associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS The localization expression of ROR1 in the placenta was detected by immunohistochemistry in 20 cases of normal term pregnancy, preterm delivery, late-onset severe PE, and early-onset severe PE, respectively. The expression levels were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. The influence of ROR1 on trophoblast proliferation, migration, invasion, and potential regulatory pathways was evaluated in HTR-8/SVneo cell lines by transient transfection methods. RESULTS The levels of ROR1 in the placental tissues in PE were significantly lower than those in normal term pregnancy and preterm delivery. Moreover, the expression levels of ROR1 in early-onset severe PE were significantly lower than those in its late counterparts. ROR1 overexpression increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, whereas its silencing had the opposite effect. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of critical kinases in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were increased by ROR1 overexpression, whereas they were decreased by the silencing of ROR1. CONCLUSION ROR1 might be involved in the development of PE through regulating trophoblast viability, migration, and invasion by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Chongyu Yue
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jine Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ying Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yuanhua Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Mao Y, Xu L, Wang J, Zhang L, Hou N, Xu J, Wang L, Yang S, Chen Y, Xiong L, Zhu J, Fan W, Xu J. ROR1 associates unfavorable prognosis and promotes lymphoma growth in DLBCL by affecting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biofactors 2019; 45:416-426. [PMID: 30801854 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The receptor-tyrosine-kinase (RTK)-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein regarded as a tumor-associated antigen. ROR1 plays an important role in cancer development, but the detailed function of ROR1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. In this study, we first detected ROR1 expression and evaluated the relationship between ROR1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of DLBCL patients. Next we employed shRNA-mediated knockdown of ROR1 in DLBCL cell line to explore the characteristics of ROR1 in DLBCL development both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed a significantly higher level of ROR1 in DLBCL tissues than in lymphatic hyperplasia tissues. High ROR1 expression was correlated with unfavorable prognosis in DLBCL patients. Furthermore, ROR1 knockdown inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis in DLBCL cells and xenografts. In addition, shROR1 inhibited activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that ROR1 is a novel prognostic marker for DLBCL survival and ROR1 significantly promotes DLBCL tumorigenesis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Targeting ROR1 may provide a promising strategy for DLBCL treatment. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):416-426, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Hou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juqing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifei Fan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaren Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kamrani A, Mehdizadeh A, Ahmadi M, Aghebati-Maleki L, Yousefi M. Therapeutic approaches for targeting receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor-1 in cancer cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:447-456. [PMID: 30935250 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1602608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a high expression of receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor-1 (ROR-1), a tyrosine kinase receptor, in various tumor-cell types. ROR-1 is involved in many key processes in cancer including proliferation, survival and metastasis. Hence, ROR-1 is an attractive and promising therapeutic target. There are many therapeutic approaches that target ROR-1 and these include specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), modified T cells (CART cell), miRNAs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Areas covered: This review examines ROR-1 structure and function, immunotherapeutic strategies including specific chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) T cells and miRNAs and other targeted approaches such as the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Expert opinion: Chimeric antibodies, CARs T cells, bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs), miRNAs and TKIs are used to target the ROR-1 marker on cancer cell lines. By selecting the most favorable therapeutic approaches regarding ROR-1 in vivo, anti-ROR-1 antibodies or CAR T cells can be also used for diagnosis of ROR-1+ cancer cells in new technologies such as biosensors. Moreover, ROR-1 targeted combination therapy with other cancer biomarkers could be considered a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kamrani
- a Aging Research Institute , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student research committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- c Endocrine Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Comprehensive Health Lab , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- e Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- f Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,g Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- e Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,f Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Li Y, Han X, Xu W, Rao Z, Li X. Purification and characterization of the extracellular region of human receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2). Protein Expr Purif 2019; 158:74-80. [PMID: 30826310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) is a co-receptor for some Wnt proteins including Wnt5a that activate the noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway. Upregulation of ROR2 is associated with several cancer forms. The extracellular region of ROR2, which contains an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, a Frizzled like cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and a Kringle domain, is a potential anticancer drug target. The structural and biochemical properties of the ROR2 extracellular region remain largely unexplored. Here we describe the mapping and purification, using a baculovirus - insect cell system, of a near-full-length ROR2 extracellular fragment (residues 53-402), which is well-behaved and suitable for future structural and biochemical analysis. We show that the extracellular region of ROR2 per se is monomeric in solution. Different monoclonal antibodies raised against the purified ROR2 protein can specifically recognize the protein and can either inhibit or activate the PCP activity in a cell-based assay, and are thus potentially useful for future mechanistic and therapeutic/diagnostic studies. The biological relevance of these antibodies further demonstrates that the purified recombinant ROR2 protein is properly folded and biochemically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Collage of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xu Han
- Collage of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Zihe Rao
- Collage of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Collage of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Cetin M, Odabas G, Douglas LR, Duriez PJ, Balcik-Ercin P, Yalim-Camci I, Sayan AE, Yagci T. ROR1 Expression and Its Functional Significance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030210. [PMID: 30832318 PMCID: PMC6468649 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer; however, very little improvement has been made towards its diagnosis and prognosis. The expression and functional contribution of the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 have not been investigated in HCC before. Hence, we investigated the expression of ROR1 in HCC cells and assessed its involvement in hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods: Recombinant bacterial ROR1 protein was used as an immunogen to generate ROR1 monoclonal antibodies. ROR1 transcript levels were detected by RT-qPCR and the protein expression of ROR1 in HCC was assessed by Western blotting by using homemade anti-ROR1 monoclonal antibodies. Apoptosis, cell cycle, trans-well migration, and drug efflux assays were performed in shRNA-ROR1 HCC cell clones to uncover the functional contribution of ROR1 to hepatocarcinogenesis. Results: New ROR1 antibodies specifically detected endogenous ROR1 protein in human and mouse HCC cell lines. ROR1-knockdown resulted in decreased proliferation and migration but enhanced resistance to apoptosis and anoikis. The observed chemotherapy-resistant phenotype of ROR1-knockdown cells was due to enhanced drug efflux and increased expression of multi-drug resistance genes. Conclusions: ROR1 is expressed in HCC and contributes to disease development by interfering with multiple pathways. Acquired ROR1 expression may have diagnostic and prognostic value in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Cetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Gorkem Odabas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Leon R Douglas
- Protein Core Facility, Cancer Research UK and Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Patrick J Duriez
- Protein Core Facility, Cancer Research UK and Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Pelin Balcik-Ercin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Irem Yalim-Camci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Abdulkadir Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit and Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Mailpoint 824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Tamer Yagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
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45
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Hasan MK, Rassenti L, Widhopf GF, Yu J, Kipps TJ. Wnt5a causes ROR1 to complex and activate cortactin to enhance migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2018; 33:653-661. [PMID: 30568170 PMCID: PMC6462876 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) migrate between the blood and lymphoid tissues in response to chemokines. Such migration requires structured cytoskeletal-actin polymerization, which may involve the protein cortactin. We discovered that treatment of CLL cells with Wnt5a causes Receptor tyosin kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) to bind cortactin, which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at Y421, recruits ARHGEF1, and activates RhoA, thereby enhancing leukemia-cell migration; such effects could be inhibited by cirmtuzumab, a humanized mAb specific for ROR1. We transfected the CLL-cell-line MEC1 with either full-length ROR1 or various mutant forms of ROR1 to examine the structural features required for binding cortactin. We found that the proline-rich domain (PRD) was necessary for ROR1 to recruit cortactin. We generated MEC1 cells that each expressed a mutant form of ROR1 with a single amino-acid substitution of alanine (A) for proline (P) in potential SH3-binding sites in the ROR1-PRD at positions 784, 808, 826, 841, or 850. In contrast to wild-type ROR1, or other ROR1P=>A mutants, ROR1P(841)A failed to complex with cortactin or ARHGEF1 in response to Wnt5a. Moreover, Wnt5a could not induce MEC1-ROR1P(841)A to phosphorylate cortactin or enhance CLL-cell F-actin polymerization. Taken together, these studies show that cortactin plays an important role in ROR1-dependent Wnt5a-enhanced CLL-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George F Widhopf
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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46
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Qin L, Lou G, Guo L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang L, Hou Q, Liu H, Li X, Liao S. Targeted next-generation sequencing-based molecular diagnosis of congenital hand malformations in Chinese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12721. [PMID: 30143665 PMCID: PMC6109141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hand malformations is rare and characterized by hand deformities. It is highly heterogeneous, both clinically and genetically, which complicates the identification of causative genes and mutations. Recently, targeted next-generation (NGS) sequencing has been successfully used for the detection of heterogeneous diseases, and the use of NGS also has contributed significantly in evaluating the etiology of heterogeneous disease. Here, we employed targeted NGS to screen 248 genes involved in genetic skeletal disorders, including congenital hand malformations. Three pathogenic mutations located in the GJA1, ROR2 and TBX5 genes were detected in three large Chinese families with congenital hand malformations. Two novel mutations were reported, and a known causative mutation was verified in this Chinese population. This is also the first report that the same panel of targeted NGS was employed to perform molecular diagnosis of different subtypes of congenital hand malformations. Our study supported the application of a targeted NGS panel as an effective tool to detect the genetic cause for heterogeneous diseases in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Qin
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guiyu Lou
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liangjie Guo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiaofang Hou
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xichuan Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Coopes A, Henry CE, Llamosas E, Ford CE. An update of Wnt signalling in endometrial cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:ERC-18-0112. [PMID: 30093601 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed nations, and its prevalence is rising as women defer or decide not to have children and as obesity rises, both key risk factors. Despite this, treatment options remain limited, particularly for advanced or refractory disease. New genomic analyses have revealed distinct mutational profiles with therapeutic and prognostic potential. Wnt signalling, which is pivotal in embryogenesis, healing and homeostasis, is of importance in the endometrium and has been linked to carcinogenesis. This review aims to update and discuss the current evidence for the role of β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signalling, including the ROR receptors in the endometrium and its potential as a therapeutic target, in light of recent trials of Wnt-targeted therapy in multiple tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Coopes
- A Coopes, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire E Henry
- C Henry, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Estelle Llamosas
- E Llamosas, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Elizabeth Ford
- C Ford, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
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Hasan MK, Yu J, Widhopf GF, Rassenti LZ, Chen L, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Neuberg DS, Kipps TJ. Wnt5a induces ROR1 to recruit DOCK2 to activate Rac1/2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2018; 132:170-178. [PMID: 29678828 PMCID: PMC6043980 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-819383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncoembryonic protein expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that can serve as a receptor for Wnt5a, which can promote leukemia cell migration, proliferation, and survival. We found Wnt5a could induce ROR1 to complex with DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2) and induce activation of Rac1/2; these effects could be blocked by cirmtuzumab, a humanized anti-ROR1 monoclonal antibody. We find that silencing DOCK2 specifically impaired the capacity of Wnt5a to induce activation of Rac1/2 or enhance CLL cell proliferation. We generated truncated forms of ROR1 and found the cytoplasmic proline-rich domain (PRD) of ROR1 was required for Wnt5a to induce ROR1 to complex with DOCK2 and activate Rac1/2 in the CLL cell-line MEC1. We introduced single amino acid substitutions of proline (P) to alanine (A) in the ROR1-PRD at potential binding sites for the Src-homology 3 domain of DOCK2. In contrast to wild-type ROR1, or other ROR1 P→A variants, ROR1P808A was unable to recruit DOCK2 in response to Wnt5a. Moreover, unlike MEC1 cells transfected with wild-type ROR1 or ROR1 with P→A substitutions at positions 784, 826, or 841, MEC1 cells transfected to express ROR1P808A did not have a growth advantage over MEC1 cells that do not express ROR1. This study reveals that the recruitment of DOCK2 may be critical for the capacity of Wnt5a to enhance CLL proliferation, which may contribute to the observed increased tendency for disease progression in patients who have CLL cells that express high levels of ROR1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhouxin Shen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and
| | - Steven P Briggs
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and
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Potent and selective antitumor activity of a T cell-engaging bispecific antibody targeting a membrane-proximal epitope of ROR1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5467-E5476. [PMID: 29844189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719905115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (biAbs) present a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, and numerous bispecific formats have been developed for retargeting cytolytic T cells toward tumor cells. To explore the therapeutic utility of T cell-engaging biAbs targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1, which is expressed by tumor cells of various hematologic and solid malignancies, we used a bispecific ROR1 × CD3 scFv-Fc format based on a heterodimeric and aglycosylated Fc domain designed for extended circulatory t1/2 and diminished systemic T cell activation. A diverse panel of ROR1-targeting scFv derived from immune and naïve rabbit antibody repertoires was compared in this bispecific format for target-dependent T cell recruitment and activation. An ROR1-targeting scFv with a membrane-proximal epitope, R11, revealed potent and selective antitumor activity in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo and emerged as a prime candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies. To elucidate the precise location and engagement of this membrane-proximal epitope, which is conserved between human and mouse ROR1, the 3D structure of scFv R11 in complex with the kringle domain of ROR1 was determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.6-Å resolution.
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50
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang J, Hu K. Backbone and side-chain chemical shift assignments of the kringle domain of human receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:145-148. [PMID: 29313214 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) expresses at high level in many cancers and has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target. It was reported that the Kringle (KNG) domain of ROR1 extracellular region is involved in ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization. Monoantibodies that target KNG domain of ROR1 could induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Here we present the backbone and side chain assignments of KNG domain of ROR1, which lays a foundation for its further structural and function research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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