1
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Ma L, Yuan YX, Cheng FJ, Liu Y, Wei Q, Peng YF, Wang Y. The association between blood lipids and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:1. [PMID: 38167163 PMCID: PMC10763275 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was performed to explore the association between blood lipids and cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This study included 336 patients with T2DM. Relevant clinical data including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B were collected, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score were used to assess the cognitive function in patients with T2DM. RESULTS Serum apolipoprotein A1 levels were significantly increased in T2DM patients with cognitive impairment compared with T2DM patients without cognitive impairment (p = 0.017). Serum apolipoprotein A1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with MoCA score (r = - 0.143, p = 0.009) and MMSE score (r = - 0.132, p = 0.016) in patients with T2DM. In multivariable-adjusted regression model, serum apolipoprotein A1 was independently associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM (OR = 5.201, p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Serum apolipoprotein A1 is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM, but not TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B, indicating that increased serum apolipoprotein A1 may be a risk factor of cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Xing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Jin Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - You-Fan Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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del Valle E, Rubio-Sardón N, Menéndez-Pérez C, Martínez-Pinilla E, Navarro A. Apolipoprotein D as a Potential Biomarker in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15631. [PMID: 37958618 PMCID: PMC10650001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NDs) are a diverse group of pathologies, including schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, that directly affect the mental and physical health of those who suffer from them, with an incidence that is increasing worldwide. Most NDs result from a complex interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors such as stress or traumatic events, including the recent Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to diverse clinical presentations, these diseases are heterogeneous in their pathogenesis, brain regions affected, and clinical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is essential for the detection, prognosis, response prediction, and development of new treatments for NDs. Among the most promising candidates is the apolipoprotein D (Apo D), a component of lipoproteins implicated in lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests an increase in Apo D expression in association with aging and in the presence of neuropathological processes. As a part of the cellular neuroprotective defense machinery against oxidative stress and inflammation, changes in Apo D levels have been demonstrated in neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorders (BPD), not only in some brain areas but in corporal fluids, i.e., blood or serum of patients. What is not clear is whether variation in Apo D quantity could be used as an indicator to detect NDs and their progression. This review aims to provide an updated view of the clinical potential of Apo D as a possible biomarker for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva del Valle
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Rubio-Sardón
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlota Menéndez-Pérez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Navarro
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.d.V.); (N.R.-S.); (C.M.-P.); (A.N.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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3
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McLean DT, Meudt JJ, Lopez Rivera LD, Schomberg DT, Pavelec DM, Duellman TT, Buehler DG, Schwartz PB, Graham M, Lee LM, Graff KD, Reichert JL, Bon-Durant SS, Konsitzke CM, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Shanmuganayagam D, Rubinstein CD. Single-cell RNA sequencing of neurofibromas reveals a tumor microenvironment favorable for neural regeneration and immune suppression in a neurofibromatosis type 1 porcine model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1253659. [PMID: 37817770 PMCID: PMC10561395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1253659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetically inherited disorders that affects 1 in 3000 children annually. Clinical manifestations vary widely but nearly always include the development of cutaneous, plexiform and diffuse neurofibromas that are managed over many years. Recent single-cell transcriptomics profiling efforts of neurofibromas have begun to reveal cell signaling processes. However, the cell signaling networks in mature, non-cutaneous neurofibromas remain unexplored. Here, we present insights into the cellular composition and signaling within mature neurofibromas, contrasting with normal adjacent tissue, in a porcine model of NF1 using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis and histopathological characterization. These neurofibromas exhibited classic diffuse-type histologic morphology and expected patterns of S100, SOX10, GFAP, and CD34 immunohistochemistry. The porcine mature neurofibromas closely resemble human neurofibromas histologically and contain all known cellular components of their human counterparts. The scRNA-seq confirmed the presence of all expected cell types within these neurofibromas and identified novel populations of fibroblasts and immune cells, which may contribute to the tumor microenvironment by suppressing inflammation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, increasing fibrosis, and driving the proliferation of Schwann cells. Notably, we identified tumor-associated IDO1 +/CD274+ (PD-L1) + dendritic cells, which represent the first such observation in any NF1 animal model and suggest the role of the upregulation of immune checkpoints in mature neurofibromas. Finally, we observed that cell types in the tumor microenvironment are poised to promote immune evasion, extracellular matrix reconstruction, and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T. McLean
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Meudt
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Loren D. Lopez Rivera
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dominic T. Schomberg
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Derek M. Pavelec
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tyler T. Duellman
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Darya G. Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Patrick B. Schwartz
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Melissa Graham
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance (RARC), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura M. Lee
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance (RARC), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keri D. Graff
- Swine Research and Teaching Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jamie L. Reichert
- Swine Research and Teaching Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandra S. Bon-Durant
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Charles M. Konsitzke
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sean M. Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Biomedical Swine Research and Innovation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - C. Dustin Rubinstein
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Salikhova DI, Golovicheva VV, Fatkhudinov TK, Shevtsova YA, Soboleva AG, Goryunov KV, Dyakonov AS, Mokroysova VO, Mingaleva NS, Shedenkova MO, Makhnach OV, Kutsev SI, Chekhonin VP, Silachev DN, Goldshtein DV. Therapeutic Efficiency of Proteins Secreted by Glial Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12341. [PMID: 37569717 PMCID: PMC10419112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries account for 30-50% of all physical traumas and are the most common pathological diseases of the brain. Mechanical damage of brain tissue leads to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the massive death of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells. These events trigger a neuroinflammatory response and neurodegenerative processes locally and in distant parts of the brain and promote cognitive impairment. Effective instruments to restore neural tissue in traumatic brain injury are lacking. Glial cells are the main auxiliary cells of the nervous system, supporting homeostasis and ensuring the protection of neurons through contact and paracrine mechanisms. The glial cells' secretome may be considered as a means to support the regeneration of nervous tissue. Consequently, this study focused on the therapeutic efficiency of composite proteins with a molecular weight of 5-100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. The characterization of proteins below 100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells was evaluated by proteomic analysis. Therapeutic effects were assessed by neurological outcomes, measurement of the damage volume by MRI, and an evaluation of the neurodegenerative, apoptotic, and inflammation markers in different areas of the brain. Intranasal infusions of the composite protein product facilitated the functional recovery of the experimental animals by decreasing the inflammation and apoptotic processes, preventing neurodegenerative processes by reducing the amounts of phosphorylated Tau isoforms Ser396 and Thr205. Consistently, our findings support the further consideration of glial secretomes for clinical use in TBI, notably in such aspects as dose-dependent effects and standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salikhova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Victoria V. Golovicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Timur Kh. Fatkhudinov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna G. Soboleva
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.)
| | - Alexander S. Dyakonov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Victoria O. Mokroysova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Natalia S. Mingaleva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Margarita O. Shedenkova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Oleg V. Makhnach
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, 119034 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Goldshtein
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
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5
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Ma P, Zhang G, Chen S, Miao C, Cao Y, Wang M, Liu W, Shen J, Tang PMK, Men Y, Ye L, Li C. Promotion effect of TGF-β-Zfp423-ApoD pathway on lip sensory recovery after nerve sacrifice caused by nerve collateral compensation. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 37286538 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resection of oral and maxillofacial tumors is often accompanied by the inferior alveolar nerve neurectomy, resulting in abnormal sensation in lower lip. It is generally believed that spontaneous sensory recovery in this nerve injury is difficult. However, during our follow-up, patients with inferior alveolar nerve sacrifice showed different degrees of lower lip sensory recovery. In this study, a prospective cohort study was conducted to demonstrate this phenomenon and analyze the factors influencing sensory recovery. A mental nerve transection model of Thy1-YFP mice and tissue clearing technique were used to explore possible mechanisms in this process. Gene silencing and overexpression experiments were then conducted to detect the changes in cell morphology and molecular markers. In our follow-up, 75% of patients with unilateral inferior alveolar nerve neurectomy had complete sensory recovery of the lower lip 12 months postoperatively. Patients with younger age, malignant tumors, and preservation of ipsilateral buccal and lingual nerves had a shorter recovery time. The buccal nerve collateral sprouting compensation was observed in the lower lip tissue of Thy1-YFP mice. ApoD was demonstrated to be involved in axon growth and peripheral nerve sensory recovery in the animal model. TGF-β inhibited the expression of STAT3 and the transcription of ApoD in Schwann cells through Zfp423. Overall, after sacrificing the inferior alveolar nerve, the collateral compensation of the ipsilateral buccal nerve could innervate the sensation. And this process was regulated by TGF-β-Zfp423-ApoD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Record, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine & Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zheng B, He Y, Yin S, Zhu X, Zhao Q, Yang H, Wang Z, Zhu R, Cheng L. Unresolved Excess Accumulation of Myelin-Derived Cholesterol Contributes to Scar Formation after Spinal Cord Injury. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0135. [PMID: 37223476 PMCID: PMC10202378 DOI: 10.34133/research.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury triggers complex pathological cascades, resulting in destructive tissue damage and incomplete tissue repair. Scar formation is generally considered a barrier for regeneration in the central nervous system. However, the intrinsic mechanism of scar formation after spinal cord injury has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that excess cholesterol accumulates in phagocytes and is inefficiently removed from spinal cord lesions in young adult mice. Interestingly, we observed that excessive cholesterol also accumulates in injured peripheral nerves but is subsequently removed by reverse cholesterol transport. Meanwhile, preventing reverse cholesterol transport leads to macrophage accumulation and fibrosis in injured peripheral nerves. Furthermore, the neonatal mouse spinal cord lesions are devoid of myelin-derived lipids and can heal without excess cholesterol accumulation. We found that transplantation of myelin into neonatal lesions disrupts healing with excessive cholesterol accumulation, persistent macrophage activation, and fibrosis. Myelin internalization suppresses macrophage apoptosis mediated by CD5L expression, indicating that myelin-derived cholesterol plays a critical role in impaired wound healing. Taken together, our data suggest that the central nervous system lacks an efficient approach for cholesterol clearance, resulting in excessive accumulation of myelin-derived cholesterol, thereby inducing scar formation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yijing He
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research,
Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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7
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Fyfe-Desmarais G, Desmarais F, Rassart É, Mounier C. Apolipoprotein D in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051027. [PMID: 37237893 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is lipocalin able to bind hydrophobic ligands. The APOD gene is upregulated in a number of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and hypothyroidism. Upregulation of ApoD is linked to decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in several models, including humans, mice, Drosophila melanogaster and plants. Studies suggest that the mechanism through which ApoD modulates oxidative stress and regulate inflammation is via its capacity to bind arachidonic acid (ARA). This polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid can be metabolised to generate large variety of pro-inflammatory mediators. ApoD serves as a sequester, blocking and/or altering arachidonic metabolism. In recent studies of diet-induced obesity, ApoD has been shown to modulate lipid mediators derived from ARA, but also from eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in an anti-inflammatory way. High levels of ApoD have also been linked to better metabolic health and inflammatory state in the round ligament of morbidly obese women. Since ApoD expression is upregulated in numerous diseases, it might serve as a therapeutic agent against pathologies aggravated by OS and inflammation such as many obesity comorbidities. This review will present the most recent findings underlying the central role of ApoD in the modulation of both OS and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fyfe-Desmarais
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipids, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Fréderik Desmarais
- Department of Medecine, Faculty of Medecine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Éric Rassart
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipids, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipids, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
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8
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Gao YH, Li X. Cholesterol metabolism: Towards a therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105501. [PMID: 36803679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence points to the importance of cholesterol in preserving brain homeostasis. Cholesterol makes up the main component of myelin in the brain, and myelin integrity is vital in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Because of the connection between myelin and cholesterol, the interest in cholesterol in the central nervous system increased during the last decade. In this review, we provide a detailed overview on brain cholesterol metabolism in multiple sclerosis and its role in promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
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9
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Drake SS, Zaman A, Simas T, Fournier AE. Comparing RNA-sequencing datasets from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in multiple sclerosis identifies novel dysregulated genes relevant to inflammation and myelination. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1594. [PMID: 36600404 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is a key factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). Invasion of peripheral immune cells into the CNS resulting from an unknown signal or combination of signals results in activation of resident immune cells and the hallmark feature of the disease: demyelinating lesions. These lesion sites are an amalgam of reactive peripheral and central immune cells, astrocytes, damaged and dying oligodendrocytes, and injured neurons and axons. Sustained inflammation affects cells directly located within the lesion site and further abnormalities are apparent diffusely throughout normal-appearing white matter and grey matter. It is only relatively recently, using animal models, new tissue sampling techniques, and next-generation sequencing, that molecular changes occurring in CNS resident cells have been broadly captured. Advances in cell isolation through Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and laser-capture microdissection together with the emergence of single-cell sequencing have enabled researchers to investigate changes in gene expression in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes derived from animal models of MS as well as from primary patient tissue. The contribution of some dysregulated pathways has been followed up in individual studies; however, corroborating results often go unreported between sequencing studies. To this end, we have consolidated results from numerous RNA-sequencing studies to identify and review novel patterns of differentially regulated genes and pathways occurring within CNS glial cells in MS. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sienna S Drake
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliyah Zaman
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Simas
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Shen B, Hernandez DG, Chitrala KN, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Noren Hooten N, Pacheco NL, Mode NA, Zonderman AB, Ezike N, Evans MK. APOE gene region methylation is associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged urban adults. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:41-48. [PMID: 35561457 PMCID: PMC10878469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation (DNAm) play a central role in cognition. This study sought to identify DNAm sites in the APOE genomic region associated with cognitive performance in a racially diverse middle-aged cohort (n = 411). Cognitive performance was measured by 11 standard neuropsychological tests. Two CpG sites were associated with the Card Rotation and Benton Visual Retention cognitive tests. The methylation level of the CpG site cg00397545 was associated with Card Rotation Test score (p = 0.000177) and a novel CpG site cg10178308 was associated with Benton Visual Retention Test score (p = 0.000084). Significant associations were observed among the dietary inflammatory index, which reflects the inflammatory potential of the diet, cognitive performance and the methylation level of several CpG sites. Our results indicate that DNAm in the APOE genomic area is correlated with cognitive performance and may presage cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie T Fanelli-Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha L Pacheco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolle A Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ngozi Ezike
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. The Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Functional Portrait: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738991. [PMID: 34690812 PMCID: PMC8530192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D is a chordate gene early originated in the Lipocalin protein family. Among other features, regulation of its expression in a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, as apparently unrelated as neurodegeneration or breast cancer, have called for attention on this gene. Also, its presence in different tissues, from blood to brain, and different subcellular locations, from HDL lipoparticles to the interior of lysosomes or the surface of extracellular vesicles, poses an interesting challenge in deciphering its physiological function: Is ApoD a moonlighting protein, serving different roles in different cellular compartments, tissues, or organisms? Or does it have a unique biochemical mechanism of action that accounts for such apparently diverse roles in different physiological situations? To answer these questions, we have performed a systematic review of all primary publications where ApoD properties have been investigated in chordates. We conclude that ApoD ligand binding in the Lipocalin pocket, combined with an antioxidant activity performed at the rim of the pocket are properties sufficient to explain ApoD association with different lipid-based structures, where its physiological function is better described as lipid-management than by long-range lipid-transport. Controlling the redox state of these lipid structures in particular subcellular locations or extracellular structures, ApoD is able to modulate an enormous array of apparently diverse processes in the organism, both in health and disease. The new picture emerging from these data should help to put the physiological role of ApoD in new contexts and to inspire well-focused future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
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12
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Laudanski K. Persistence of Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Alterations after Sepsis: Implication for Atherosclerosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910517. [PMID: 34638860 PMCID: PMC8508791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sepsis is one of the most common critical care illnesses with increasing survivorship. The quality of life in sepsis survivors is adversely affected by several co-morbidities, including increased incidence of dementia, stroke, cardiac disease and at least temporary deterioration in cognitive dysfunction. One of the potential explanations for their progression is the persistence of lipid profile abnormalities induced during acute sepsis into recovery, resulting in acceleration of atherosclerosis. (2) Methods: This is a targeted review of the abnormalities in the long-term lipid profile abnormalities after sepsis; (3) Results: There is a well-established body of evidence demonstrating acute alteration in lipid profile (HDL-c ↓↓, LDL-C -c ↓↓). In contrast, a limited number of studies demonstrated depression of HDL-c levels with a concomitant increase in LDL-C -c in the wake of sepsis. VLDL-C -c and Lp(a) remained unaltered in few studies as well. Apolipoprotein A1 was altered in survivors suggesting abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism concomitant to overall lipoprotein abnormalities. However, most of the studies were limited to a four-month follow-up and patient groups were relatively small. Only one study looked at the atherosclerosis progression in sepsis survivors using clinical correlates, demonstrating an acceleration of plaque formation in the aorta, and a large metanalysis suggested an increase in the risk of stroke or acute coronary event between 3% to 9% in sepsis survivors. (4) Conclusions: The limited evidence suggests an emergence and persistence of the proatherogenic lipid profile in sepsis survivors that potentially contributes, along with other factors, to the clinical sequel of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; ; Tel.: +1-215-662-8200
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare Economics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Tasdemir-Yilmaz OE, Druckenbrod NR, Olukoya OO, Dong W, Yung AR, Bastille I, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Sitko AA, Hale EB, Vigneau S, Gimelbrant AA, Kharchenko PV, Goodrich LV, Segal RA. Diversity of developing peripheral glia revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2516-2535.e8. [PMID: 34469751 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system responds to a wide variety of sensory stimuli, a process that requires great neuronal diversity. These diverse neurons are closely associated with glial cells originating from the neural crest. However, the molecular nature and diversity among peripheral glia are not understood. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile developing and mature glia from somatosensory dorsal root ganglia and auditory spiral ganglia. We found that glial precursors (GPs) in these two systems differ in their transcriptional profiles. Despite their unique features, somatosensory and auditory GPs undergo convergent differentiation to generate molecularly uniform myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. By contrast, somatosensory and auditory satellite glial cells retain system-specific features. Lastly, we identified a glial signature gene set, providing new insights into commonalities among glia across the nervous system. This survey of gene expression in peripheral glia constitutes a resource for understanding functions of glia across different sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge E Tasdemir-Yilmaz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noah R Druckenbrod
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Weixiu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrea R Yung
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isle Bastille
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria F Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Austen A Sitko
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evan B Hale
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sébastien Vigneau
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa V Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Hone E, Martins RN. High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 159:343-377. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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15
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Rassart E, Desmarais F, Najyb O, Bergeron KF, Mounier C. Apolipoprotein D. Gene 2020; 756:144874. [PMID: 32554047 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ApoD is a 25 to 30 kDa glycosylated protein, member of the lipocalin superfamily. As a transporter of several small hydrophobic molecules, its known biological functions are mostly associated to lipid metabolism and neuroprotection. ApoD is a multi-ligand, multi-function protein that is involved lipid trafficking, food intake, inflammation, antioxidative response and development and in different types of cancers. An important aspect of ApoD's role in lipid metabolism appears to involve the transport of arachidonic acid, and the modulation of eicosanoid production and delivery in metabolic tissues. ApoD expression in metabolic tissues has been associated positively and negatively with insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in a tissue dependent manner. ApoD levels rise considerably in association with aging and neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, meningoencephalitis, moto-neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. ApoD is also modulated in several animal models of nervous system injury/pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rassart
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Frederik Desmarais
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Ouafa Najyb
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Moléculaire des Lipides, Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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16
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Studies of ApoD -/- and ApoD -/-ApoE -/- mice uncover the APOD significance for retinal metabolism, function, and status of chorioretinal blood vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:963-983. [PMID: 32440710 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (APOD) is an atypical apolipoprotein with unknown significance for retinal structure and function. Conversely, apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a typical apolipoprotein with established roles in retinal cholesterol transport. Herein, we immunolocalized APOD to the photoreceptor inner segments and conducted ophthalmic characterizations of ApoD-/- and ApoD-/-ApoE-/- mice. ApoD-/- mice had normal levels of retinal sterols but changes in the chorioretinal blood vessels and impaired retinal function. The whole-body glucose disposal was impaired in this genotype but the retinal glucose metabolism was unchanged. ApoD-/-ApoE-/- mice had altered sterol profile in the retina but apparently normal chorioretinal vasculature and function. The whole-body glucose disposal and retinal glucose utilization were enhanced in this genotype. OB-Rb, both leptin and APOD receptor, was found to be expressed in the photoreceptor inner segments and was at increased abundance in the ApoD-/- and ApoD-/-ApoE-/- retinas. Retinal levels of Glut4 and Cd36, the glucose transporter and scavenger receptor, respectively, were increased as well, thus linking APOD to retinal glucose and fatty acid metabolism and suggesting the APOD-OB-Rb-GLUT4/CD36 axis. In vivo isotopic labeling, transmission electron microscopy, and retinal proteomics provided additional insights into the mechanism underlying the retinal phenotypes of ApoD-/- and ApoD-/-ApoE-/- mice. Collectively, our data suggest that the APOD roles in the retina are context specific and could determine retinal glucose fluxes into different pathways. APOD and APOE do not play redundant, complementary or opposing roles in the retina, rather their interplay is more complex and reflects retinal responses elicited by lack of these apolipoproteins.
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17
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Khoonsari PE, Ossipova E, Lengqvist J, Svensson CI, Kosek E, Kadetoff D, Jakobsson PJ, Kultima K, Lampa J. The human CSF pain proteome. J Proteomics 2019; 190:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Navarro A, Rioseras B, Del Valle E, Martínez-Pinilla E, Astudillo A, Tolivia J. Expression Pattern of Myelin-Related Apolipoprotein D in Human Multiple Sclerosis Lesions. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:254. [PMID: 30186153 PMCID: PMC6110904 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (Apo D) is a key molecule in the lipid transport during homeostasis and repair processes in normal and pathological conditions of the nervous system with a putative neuroprotective effect. In the last decades, huge experimental efforts have been made to know the exact mechanism of action of Apo D, even though, it remains an open question. In this regard, studies in mammals and flies have suggested that Apo D seems to act through a variety of cellular mechanisms related with its ability to selectively bind different lipid ligands. For instance, this apolipoprotein is required to myelin compaction, it participates in axon regeneration/remyelination, and it can control the magnitude and timing of the inflammatory response after injury, promoting myelin clearance, and regulating the number of immune cells recruited to the damaged area. These, among others, are some of the reasons to study Apo D in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, where it could be particularly important since the autoimmune reaction against oligodendrocytes (OLGs) and myelin is generally assumed as the most plausible cause of this pathology. The aim of this work was to investigate the Apo D expression pattern in MS lesions, including active and inactive demyelinating plaques, and also remyelinating ones. Human brain tissues with inflammatory demyelination consistent with MS were used to quantify Apo D immunosignal in different lesions. Our results show a clear decrease of Apo D expression in all sclerosis plaques, being lower in the inactive than in active areas but recovers in the remyelination ones. Apo D is mainly produced by the matured OLGs of white matter and is located in cell processes surrounding the myelin sheath. All these data seem to indicate an important role of Apo D in myelination/remyelination processes as a molecule with a neuroprotective potential, and may serve as a good starting point for its study in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.,Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rioseras
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Del Valle
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.,Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.,Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Tolivia
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.,Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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19
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Chung JO, Park SY, Han JH, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Serum apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations and the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:357-361. [PMID: 29453140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between levels of serum apolipoproteins and the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 diabetes. METHODS In total, 3199 individuals with type 2 diabetes were investigated in a cross-sectional study. The diagnosis of CAN was made based on the results of a cardiovascular reflex test. Serum apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels were measured. RESULTS Serum apoA-1 levels were significantly low in individuals with CAN, but there was no significant association between serum apoB levels and CAN. According to the degree of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, the average apoA-I levels were significantly different after adjusting for other covariates (normal, 1.32 g/l, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-1.35; early, 1.29 g/l, 95% CI 1.27-1.31; definite, 1.27 g/l, 95% CI 1.25-1.30; P for trend = 0.010). In the multivariable analysis, the statistically significant association between apoA-I and CAN remained after adjusting for the risk factors (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in the log-transformed value, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43-0.97, P = 0.036). Additional adjustments for serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (or fibrinogen) concentrations eliminated this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Serum apoA-I levels are inversely associated with the prevalence of CAN in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Our data also suggest that a putatively increased risk of CAN associated with decreased apoA-I levels might be mediated by correlated increases in the levels of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ook Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeok Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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Lim TKY, Anderson KM, Hari P, Di Falco M, Reihsen TE, Wilcox GL, Belani KG, LaBoissiere S, Pinto MR, Beebe DS, Kehl LJ, Stone LS. Evidence for a Role of Nerve Injury in Painful Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Cross-Sectional Proteomic Analysis of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1253-1269. [PMID: 28652204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) is a cause of low back pain (LBP) in some individuals. However, although >30% of adults have DD, LBP only develops in a subset of individuals. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying nonpainful versus painful DD, human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined using differential expression shotgun proteomic techniques comparing healthy control participants, subjects with nonpainful DD, and patients with painful DD scheduled for spinal fusion surgery. Eighty-eight proteins were detected, 27 of which were differentially expressed. Proteins associated with DD tended to be related to inflammation (eg, cystatin C) regardless of pain status. In contrast, most differentially expressed proteins in DD-associated chronic LBP patients were linked to nerve injury (eg, hemopexin). Cystatin C and hemopexin were selected for further examination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a larger cohort. While cystatin C correlated with DD severity but not pain or disability, hemopexin correlated with pain intensity, physical disability, and DD severity. This study shows that CSF can be used to study mechanisms underlying painful DD in humans, and suggests that while painful DD is associated with nerve injury, inflammation itself is not sufficient to develop LBP. PERSPECTIVE CSF was examined for differential protein expression in healthy control participants, pain-free adults with asymptomatic intervertebral DD, and LBP patients with painful intervertebral DD. While DD was related to inflammation regardless of pain status, painful degeneration was associated with markers linked to nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony K Y Lim
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Anderson
- Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pawan Hari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Genome Quebec, McGill University Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Troy E Reihsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kumar G Belani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sylvie LaBoissiere
- Genome Quebec, McGill University Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - David S Beebe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lois J Kehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Minnesota Head & Neck Pain Clinic, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Laura S Stone
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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21
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Serum protein changes in a rat model of chronic pain show a correlation between animal and humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41723. [PMID: 28145509 PMCID: PMC5286399 DOI: 10.1038/srep41723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous works we showed the overexpression of some proteins in biological fluids from patients suffering chronic pain. In this proteomic study we analysed serum from a rat model of neuropathic pain obtained by the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve, at two time intervals, 2 and 5 weeks after the insult, to find proteins involved in the expression or mediation of pain. Sham-operated and CCI rats were treated with saline or indomethacin. Two weeks after ligation, we identified three serum proteins overexpressed in CCI rats, two of which, alpha-1-macroglobulin and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), remained increased 5 weeks post-surgery; at this time interval, we found increased levels of further proteins, namely apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), apolipoprotein E (APOE), prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PTGDS) and transthyretin (TTR), that overlap the overexpressed proteins found in humans. Indomethacin treatment reversed the effects of ligation. The qPCR analysis showed that transcript levels of APOA1, APOE, PTGDS and VDBP were overexpressed in the lumbar spinal cord (origin of sciatic nerve), but not in the striatum (an unrelated brain region), of CCI rats treated with saline 5 weeks after surgery, demonstrating that the lumbar spinal cord is a possible source of these proteins.
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Abstract
Injury of peripheral nerve in mammals leads to a complex but stereotypical pattern of histological events that comprise a highly reproducible sequence of degenerative reactions (Wallerian degeneration) succeeded by regenerative responses. These reactions are based on a corresponding sequence of cellular and mo lecular interactions that, in turn, reflect the differential expression of specific genes with functions in nerve degeneration and repair. We report on more than 60 genes and their products that show a specific pattern of regulation following peripheral nerve lesion. The group of regulated genes encoding, e.g., transcription factors, growth factors and their receptors, cytokines, neuropeptides, myelin proteins and lipid carriers, and cytoskeletal proteins as well as extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules. We describe and compare the distinct time-courses and cellular origin of expression and further discuss established or putative mo lecular interrelationships and functions with respect to the contribution of these genes/gene products to the molecular regeneration program of the PNS. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:112-122, 1997
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gillen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Christian Korfhage
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Hans Werner Müller
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
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23
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Navarro A, Del Valle E, Tolivia J. Differential Expression of Apolipoprotein D in Human Astroglial and Oligodendroglial Cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:1031-6. [PMID: 15258178 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.3a6213.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (Apo D) is a secreted lipocalin in the nervous system that may be related to processes of reinnervation and regeneration. Under normal conditions, Apo D is present in the central nervous system in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and some scattered neurons. To elucidate the regional and cellular distribution of Apo D in normal human brain, we performed double immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Apo D in samples of postmortem human cerebral and cerebellar cortices. Most of the GFAP-positive cells in the gray matter had features of protoplasmic astrocytes and were mainly Apo D-positive. Apo D staining was mostly confined to the cell soma and proximal processes, whereas GFAP extended to a rich and extensive array of processes. The fibrous astrocytes in the white matter were immunoreactive for GFAP but not for Apo D. In the white matter, Apo D was mainly detected in oligodendrocytes and extracellularly in the neuropil. The results of the present study support a specific behavior for each astrocyte type. These findings suggest that Apo D expression may be cell-specific, depending on the particular tissue physiology at the time of examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro
- Departamento Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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24
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Najyb O, Do Carmo S, Alikashani A, Rassart E. Apolipoprotein D Overexpression Protects Against Kainate-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3948-3963. [PMID: 27271124 PMCID: PMC7091089 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity due to the excessive activation of glutamatergic receptors leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. Excitotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a myriad of neurodegenerative diseases with distinct etiologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Numerous studies link apolipoprotein D (apoD), a secreted glycoprotein highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), to maintain and protect neurons in various mouse models of acute stress and neurodegeneration. Here, we used a mouse model overexpressing human apoD in neurons (H-apoD Tg) to test the neuroprotective effects of apoD in the kainic acid (KA)-lesioned hippocampus. Our results show that apoD overexpression in H-apoD Tg mice induces an increased resistance to KA-induced seizures, significantly attenuates inflammatory responses and confers protection against KA-induced cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. The apoD-mediated protection against KA-induced toxicity is imputable in part to increased plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase type 2 expression (1.7-fold), decreased N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit NR2B levels (30 %) and lipid metabolism alterations. Indeed, we demonstrate that apoD can attenuate intracellular cholesterol content in primary hippocampal neurons and in brain of H-apoD Tg mice. In addition, apoD can be internalised by neurons and this internalisation is accentuated in ageing and injury conditions. Our results provide additional mechanistic information on the apoD-mediated neuroprotection in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Najyb
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C-3P8, Canada
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C-3P8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Azadeh Alikashani
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C-3P8, Canada
| | - Eric Rassart
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C-3P8, Canada.
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Li H, Ruberu K, Karl T, Garner B. Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148238. [PMID: 26829325 PMCID: PMC4734669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cerebral apoD levels increase with age and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, loss of cerebral apoD in the mouse increases sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and accelerates AD pathology. Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. This is important as both brain lipid peroxidation and neurodegeneration occur in a region-specific manner. Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. Our data indicate that compared to most brain regions, the hippocampus is deficient in apoD. In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Li
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Kalani Ruberu
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Brett Garner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- * E-mail:
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26
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Zhornitsky S, McKay KA, Metz LM, Teunissen CE, Rangachari M. Cholesterol and markers of cholesterol turnover in multiple sclerosis: relationship with disease outcomes. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 5:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Clerc F, Reiding KR, Jansen BC, Kammeijer GSM, Bondt A, Wuhrer M. Human plasma protein N-glycosylation. Glycoconj J 2015; 33:309-43. [PMID: 26555091 PMCID: PMC4891372 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most abundant and complex protein modification, and can have a profound structural and functional effect on the conjugate. The oligosaccharide fraction is recognized to be involved in multiple biological processes, and to affect proteins physical properties, and has consequentially been labeled a critical quality attribute of biopharmaceuticals. Additionally, due to recent advances in analytical methods and analysis software, glycosylation is targeted in the search for disease biomarkers for early diagnosis and patient stratification. Biofluids such as saliva, serum or plasma are of great use in this regard, as they are easily accessible and can provide relevant glycosylation information. Thus, as the assessment of protein glycosylation is becoming a major element in clinical and biopharmaceutical research, this review aims to convey the current state of knowledge on the N-glycosylation of the major plasma glycoproteins alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin, antithrombin-III, apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein D, apolipoprotein F, beta-2-glycoprotein 1, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM, haptoglobin, hemopexin, histidine-rich glycoprotein, kininogen-1, serotransferrin, vitronectin, and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein. In addition, the less abundant immunoglobulins D and E are included because of their major relevance in immunology and biopharmaceutical research. Where available, the glycosylation is described in a site-specific manner. In the discussion, we put the glycosylation of individual proteins into perspective and speculate how the individual proteins may contribute to a total plasma N-glycosylation profile determined at the released glycan level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Clerc
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C Jansen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guinevere S M Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Apolipoprotein D subcellular distribution pattern in neuronal cells during oxidative stress. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:536-44. [PMID: 25953740 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (Apo D) is a secreted glycoprotein, member of the lipocalin superfamily, with a related beneficial role in metabolism and lipid transport due to the presence of a binding pocket that allows its interaction with several lipids. Nowadays, it has been clearly demonstrated that Apo D expression is induced and its subcellular location undergoes modifications in stressful and pathological conditions that characterize aging processes and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present work was to study in detail the effect of H2O2 on the subcellular location of Apo D, in the hippocampal cell line HT22, by structural, ultrastructural, immunocytochemical, and molecular techniques in order to characterize the Apo D distribution pattern in neurons during oxidative stress. Our results indicate that Apo D is located in the cytoplasm under physiological conditions but treatment with H2O2 induces apoptosis and causes a displacement of Apo D location to the nucleus, coinciding with DNA fragmentation. In addition, we demonstrated that Apo D tends to accumulate around the nuclear envelope in neurons and glial cells of different brain areas in some neurodegenerative diseases and during human aging, but never inside the nucleus. These data suggest that the presence of Apo D in the nucleus, which some authors related with a specific transport, is a consequence of structural and functional alterations during oxidative stress and not the result of a specific role in the regulation of nuclear processes.
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component for neuronal physiology not only during development stage but also in the adult life. Cholesterol metabolism in brain is independent from that in peripheral tissues due to blood-brain barrier. The content of cholesterol in brain must be accurately maintained in order to keep brain function well. Defects in brain cholesterol metabolism has been shown to be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and some cognitive deficits typical of the old age. The brain contains large amount of cholesterol, but the cholesterol metabolism and its complex homeostasis regulation are currently poorly understood. This review will seek to integrate current knowledge about the brain cholesterol metabolism with molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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30
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Braesch-Andersen S, Beckman L, Paulie S, Kumagai-Braesch M. ApoD mediates binding of HDL to LDL and to growing T24 carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115180. [PMID: 25513803 PMCID: PMC4267786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (Apo) D is an important protein produced in many parts of the body. It is necessary for the development and repair of the brain and protection from oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which apoD interacts with lipoproteins in human plasma. By using detergent-free ELISA, we show that immobilized monoclonal antibodies against apoD very efficiently bind to low density lipoprotein (LDL) from plasma; this binding is as equally efficient as binding to an anti-apoB monoclonal antibody. Adding detergent to the plasma inhibited the binding, suggesting that the binding is dependent on the presence of intact lipoprotein particles. Reversing the system by using immobilized anti-apoB revealed that the affinity of apoD for LDL is rather low, suggesting that multiple bindings are needed for a durable connection. Biosensor experiments using purified lipoproteins also showed that purified apoD and high density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3), a lipoprotein fraction rich in apoD, were both able to bind LDL very efficiently, indicating that the HDL3-LDL interaction may be a physiological consequence of the affinity of apoD for LDL. Furthermore, we found that apoD increases the binding of HDL to actively growing T24 bladder carcinoma cells but not to quiescent, contact-inhibited, confluent T24 cells. This result is especially intriguing given that the T24 supernatant only contained detectable levels of apoD after growth inhibition, raising the possibility that alternating the expression of apoD and a putative apoD-receptor could give direction to the flow of lipids. In the current paper, we conclude that apoD mediates binding of HDL to LDL and to growing T24 carcinomas, thereby highlighting the importance of apoD in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Beckman
- Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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García-Mateo N, Ganfornina MD, Montero O, Gijón MA, Murphy RC, Sanchez D. Schwann cell-derived Apolipoprotein D controls the dynamics of post-injury myelin recognition and degradation. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:374. [PMID: 25426024 PMCID: PMC4227524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of lipids, particularly signaling lipids that control neuroinflammation, is crucial for the regeneration capability of a damaged nervous system. Knowledge of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals after nervous system injury is extensive, most of them being proteins acting through well-known receptors and intracellular cascades. However, the role of lipid binding extracellular proteins able to modify the fate of lipids released after injury is not well understood. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is an extracellular lipid binding protein of the Lipocalin family induced upon nervous system injury. Our previous study shows that axon regeneration is delayed without ApoD, and suggests its participation in early events during Wallerian degeneration. Here we demonstrate that ApoD is expressed by myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells and is induced early upon nerve injury. We show that ApoD, known to bind arachidonic acid (AA), also interacts with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in vitro. We use an in vivo model of nerve crush injury, a nerve explant injury model, and cultured macrophages exposed to purified myelin, to uncover that: (i) ApoD regulates denervated Schwann cell-macrophage signaling, dampening MCP1- and Tnf-dependent macrophage recruitment and activation upon injury; (ii) ApoD controls the over-expression of the phagocytosis activator Galectin-3 by infiltrated macrophages; (iii) ApoD controls the basal and injury-triggered levels of LPC and AA; (iv) ApoD modifies the dynamics of myelin-macrophage interaction, favoring the initiation of phagocytosis and promoting myelin degradation. Regulation of macrophage behavior by Schwann-derived ApoD is therefore a key mechanism conditioning nerve injury resolution. These results place ApoD as a lipid binding protein controlling the signals exchanged between glia, neurons and blood-borne cells during nerve recovery after injury, and open the possibility for a therapeutic use of ApoD as a regeneration-promoting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia García-Mateo
- Lazarillo Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Lazarillo Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Center for Biotechnology Development (CDB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gijón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Lazarillo Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC Valladolid, Spain
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32
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Hu J, You F, Wang Q, Weng S, Liu H, Wang L, Zhang PJ, Tan X. Transcriptional responses of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to low temperature. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108582. [PMID: 25279944 PMCID: PMC4184807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important flatfish in marine aquaculture with a broad thermal tolerance ranging from 14 to 23°C. Cold-tolerant flounder that can survive during the winter season at a temperature of less than 14°C might facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the response to cold stress. In this study, the transcriptional response of flounder to cold stress (0.7±0.05°C) was characterized using RNA sequencing. Transcriptome sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform for the cold-tolerant (CT) group, which survived under the cold stress; the cold-sensitive (CS) group, which could barely survive at the low temperature; and control group, which was not subjected to cold treatment. In all, 29,021 unigenes were generated. Compared with the unigene expression profile of the control group, 410 unigenes were up-regulated and 255 unigenes were down-regulated in the CT group, whereas 593 unigenes were up-regulated and 289 unigenes were down-regulated in the CS group. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that signal transduction, lipid metabolism, digestive system, and signaling molecules and interaction were the most highly enriched pathways for the genes that were differentially expressed under cold stress. All these pathways could be assigned to the following four biological functions for flounder that can survive under cold stress: signal response to cold stress, cell repair/regeneration, energy production, and cell membrane construction and fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng You
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenda Weng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xungang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Dassati S, Waldner A, Schweigreiter R. Apolipoprotein D takes center stage in the stress response of the aging and degenerative brain. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1632-42. [PMID: 24612673 PMCID: PMC3988949 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is an ancient member of the lipocalin family with a high degree of sequence conservation from insects to mammals. It is not structurally related to other major apolipoproteins and has been known as a small, soluble carrier protein of lipophilic molecules that is mostly expressed in neurons and glial cells within the central and peripheral nervous system. Recent data indicate that ApoD not only supplies cells with lipophilic molecules, but also controls the fate of these ligands by modulating their stability and oxidation status. Of particular interest is the binding of ApoD to arachidonic acid and its derivatives, which play a central role in healthy brain function. ApoD has been shown to act as a catalyst in the reduction of peroxidized eicosanoids and to attenuate lipid peroxidation in the brain. Manipulating its expression level in fruit flies and mice has demonstrated that ApoD has a favorable effect on both stress resistance and life span. The APOD gene is the gene that is upregulated the most in the aging human brain. Furthermore, ApoD levels in the nervous system are elevated in a large number of neurologic disorders including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and stroke. There is increasing evidence for a prominent neuroprotective role of ApoD because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. ApoD emerges as an evolutionarily conserved anti-stress protein that is induced by oxidative stress and inflammation and may prove to be an effective therapeutic agent against a variety of neuropathologies, and even against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dassati
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Private Hospital "Villa Melitta", Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Waldner
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Private Hospital "Villa Melitta", Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Schweigreiter
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Lifelong expression of apolipoprotein D in the human brainstem: correlation with reduced age-related neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77852. [PMID: 24167586 PMCID: PMC3805570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipocalin apolipoprotein D (Apo D) is upregulated in peripheral nerves following injury and in regions of the central nervous system, such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, during aging and progression of certain neurological diseases. In contrast, few studies have examined Apo D expression in the brainstem, a region necessary for survival and generally less prone to age-related degeneration. We measured Apo D expression in whole human brainstem lysates by slot-blot and at higher spatial resolution by quantitative immunohistochemistry in eleven brainstem nuclei (the 4 nuclei of the vestibular nuclear complex, inferior olive, hypoglossal nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, facial motor nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and Roller`s nucleus). In contrast to cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, apolipoprotein D was highly expressed in brainstem tissue from subjects (N = 26, 32−96 years of age) with no history of neurological disease, and expression showed little variation with age. Expression was significantly stronger in somatomotor nuclei (hypoglossal, oculomotor, facial) than visceromotor or sensory nuclei. Both neurons and glia expressed Apo D, particularly neurons with larger somata and glia in the periphery of these brainstem centers. Immunostaining was strongest in the neuronal perinuclear region and absent in the nucleus. We propose that strong brainstem expression of Apo D throughout adult life contributes to resistance against neurodegenerative disease and age-related degeneration, possibly by preventing oxidative stress and ensuing lipid peroxidation.
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Epidemiologic data suggest that malnutrition is a common feature in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and being overweight or obese confers a survival advantage in this patient population. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse models, a high-fat diet has been shown to lead to weight gain and prolonged survival. However, little research has been conducted to test whether nutritional interventions might ameliorate the disease course in humans. Here we review the currently available evidence supporting the potential role of dietary interventions as a therapeutic tool for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ultimately, determining whether a high-fat or ketogenic diet could be beneficial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will require large randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Paganoni
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Wills
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Valle ED, Navarro A, Mendez E, Juarez A, Astudillo A, Tolivia J. Could Apolipoprotein D be a Neuronal Marker of Necrobiosis? J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2001.24.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Navarro A, Astudillo A, Valle ED, Rey CGD, Tolivia J. Immunohistochemical Presence of Apolipoprotein D in Senile Plaques. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2001.24.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Nishida N, Yamagishi SI, Mizukami H, Yagihashi S. Impaired nerve fiber regeneration in axotomized peripheral nerves in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4:533-9. [PMID: 24843706 PMCID: PMC4020247 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim/Introduction Impaired nerve fiber regeneration is a salient feature of diabetic neuropathy. Its pathogenesis is still unclear. We attempted to characterize the structure of regenerated myelinated fibers after transection in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats. Materials and Methods Streptozotocin‐diabetic rats underwent transection of the sciatic nerve. Two and 4 weeks post‐axotomy, regenerated myelinated fibers of the cut end and fibers at its proximal site were morphometrically examined. Non‐diabetic control rats with axotomy were also examined for comparison. Results At 4 weeks post‐axotomy, diabetic rats showed an increased myelinated fiber density and total fiber number with a trend toward reduced fiber size at the cut end compared with those in control rats. The average number of myelin lamellae relative to axonal size in regenerated fibers at the cut end was significantly reduced in diabetic rats compared with that in control rats. The proximal site showed a reduced size of fibers and axons in both diabetic and control rats to a similar extent compared with those in a non‐axotomized state. At 2 weeks post‐axotomy, these findings were less apparent. Conclusions The nerves of diabetic rats when axotomized undergo impaired regeneration characterized by increased fiber density with hypomyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nishida
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan ; Department of Legal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Yamagishi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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Binding and repressive activities of apolipoprotein E3 and E4 isoforms on the human ApoD promoter. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:669-80. [PMID: 23715769 PMCID: PMC7090986 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) gene expression is increased in several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis. We previously showed that transgenic mice that overexpress human ApoD show a better resistance against paraquat or OC43 coronavirus-induced neurodegeneration. Here, we identified several nuclear factors from the cortex of control and OC43-infected mice which bind a fragment of the proximal ApoD promoter in vitro. Of interest, we detected apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Human ApoE consists of three isoforms (E2, E3, and E4) with the E4 and E2 alleles representing a greater and a lower risk for developping AD, respectively. Our results show that ApoE is located in the nucleus and on the ApoD promoter in human hepatic and glioblastoma cells lines. Furthermore, overexpression of ApoE3 and ApoE4 isoforms but not ApoE2 significantly inhibited the ApoD promoter activity in U87 cells (E3/E3 genotype) cultured under normal or different stress conditions while ApoE knock-down by siRNA had a converse effect. Consistent with these results, we also demonstrated by ChIP assay that E3 and E4 isoforms, but not E2, bind the ApoD promoter. Moreover, using the Allen Brain Atlas in situ hybridization database, we observed an inverse correlation between ApoD and ApoE mRNA expression during development and in several regions of the mouse brain, notably in the cortex, hippocampus, plexus choroid, and cerebellum. This negative correlation was also observed for cortex layers IV–VI based on a new Transcriptomic Atlas of the Mouse Neocortical Layers. These findings reveal a new function for ApoE by regulating ApoD gene expression.
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Olausson P, Gerdle B, Ghafouri N, Larsson B, Ghafouri B. Identification of proteins from interstitium of trapezius muscle in women with chronic myalgia using microdialysis in combination with proteomics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52560. [PMID: 23300707 PMCID: PMC3531451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microdialysis (MD) of the trapezius muscle has been an attractive technique to investigating small molecules and metabolites in chronic musculoskeletal pain in human. Large biomolecules such as proteins also cross the dialysis membrane of the catheters. In this study we have applied in vivo MD in combination with two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins in the extracellular fluid of the trapezius muscle. Materials and Methods Dialysate from women with chronic trapezius myalgia (TM; n = 37), women with chronic wide spread pain (CWP; n = 18) and healthy controls (CON; n = 22) was collected from the trapezius muscle using a catheter with a cut-off point of 100 kDa. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Detected proteins were identified by nano liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Ninety-seven protein spots were identified from the interstitial fluid of the trapezius muscle; 48 proteins in TM and 30 proteins in CWP had concentrations at least two-fold higher or lower than in CON. The identified proteins pertain to several functional classes, e.g., proteins involved in inflammatory responses. Several of the identified proteins are known to be involved in processes of pain such as: creatine kinase, nerve growth factor, carbonic anhydrase, myoglobin, fatty acid binding protein and actin aortic smooth muscle. Conclusions In this study, by using in vivo microdialysis in combination with proteomics a large number of proteins in muscle interstitium have been identified. Several of the identified proteins were at least two-fold higher or lower in chronic pain patients. The applied techniques open up for the possibility of investigating protein changes associated with nociceptive processes of chronic myalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Olausson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Britt Larsson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Centre of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Discovery and initial verification of differentially abundant proteins between multiple sclerosis patients and controls using iTRAQ and SID-SRM. J Proteomics 2012; 78:312-25. [PMID: 23059536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to discover cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins with significant abundance difference between early multiple sclerosis patients and controls, and do an initial verification of these proteins using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). iTRAQ and Orbitrap MS were used to compare the CSF proteome of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (n=5), patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis that had CIS at the time of lumbar puncture (n=5), and controls with other inflammatory neurological disease (n=5). Of more than 1200 identified proteins, five proteins were identified with significant abundance difference between the patients and controls. In the initial verification using SRM we analyzed a larger patient and control cohort (n=132) and also included proteins reported as differentially abundant in multiple sclerosis in the literature. We found significant abundance difference for 11 proteins after verification, of which the five proteins alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, contactin-1, apolipoprotein D, clusterin, and kallikrein-6 were significantly differentially abundant in several of the group comparisons. This initial study form the basis for further biomarker verification studies in even larger sample cohorts, to determine if these proteins have relevance as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.
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Pérez C, Navarro A, Martínez E, Ordóñez C, Del Valle E, Tolivia J. Age-related changes of apolipoprotein D expression in female rat central nervous system with chronic estradiol treatment. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:895-904. [PMID: 21761133 PMCID: PMC3682073 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a reduction in metabolic functions, increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, and memory or cognitive dysfunction. With aging, a decrease in plasma estrogen levels, related to loss of gonadal function, occurs in females. Estrogens have neuroprotective effects and estradiol treatment improves some aspects of neuronal homeostasis affected by aging. In other way, recent studies show that apo D can play a neuroprotective role in some neuropathologies and during aging. The possible relation between estradiol treatment and the expression of apo D, during aging in the CNS, was investigated in female rats. Our results confirm an expression of apo D zone-dependent, in relation with aging, and an overexpression of apo D related to ovariectomy and estradiol treatment. This overexpression strengthens the idea that apo D plays a neuroprotective role in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, 8ª Planta Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
| | - Ana Navarro
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, 8ª Planta Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
| | - Eva Martínez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, 8ª Planta Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
| | - Cristina Ordóñez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, 8ª Planta Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
| | - Eva Del Valle
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, 8ª Planta Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
| | - Jorge Tolivia
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, 8ª Planta Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
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Ordóñez C, Navarro A, Pérez C, Martínez E, del Valle E, Tolivia J. Gender differences in apolipoprotein D expression during aging and in Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:433.e11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hayashi H. Lipid metabolism and glial lipoproteins in the central nervous system. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:453-61. [PMID: 21467629 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins in the central nervous system (CNS) are not incorporated from the blood but are formed mainly by glial cells within the CNS. In addition, cholesterol in the CNS is synthesized endogenously because the blood-brain barrier segregates the CNS from the peripheral circulation. Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a major apo in the CNS. In normal condition, apo E is secreted from glia, mainly from astrocytes, and forms cholesterol-rich lipoproteins by ATP-binding cassette transporters. Subsequently, apo E-containing glial lipoproteins supply cholesterol and other components to neurons via a receptor-mediated process. Recent findings demonstrated that receptors of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family not only internalize lipoproteins into the cells but also, like signaling receptors, transduce signals upon binding the ligands. In this review, the regulation of lipid homeostasis will be discussed as well as roles of lipoproteins and functions of receptors of LDL receptor family in the CNS. Furthermore, the relation between lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayashi
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Japan.
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Sedic M, Kraljevic Pavelic S, Cindric M, Vissers JPC, Peronja M, Josic D, Cuk M, Fumic K, Pavelic K, Baric I. Plasma biomarker identification in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1970-5. [PMID: 21732553 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) deficiency is a rare congenital disorder in methionine metabolism clinically characterized by white matter atrophy, delayed myelination, slowly progressive myopathy, retarded psychomotor development and mildly active chronic hepatitis. In the present study, we utilized a comparative proteomics strategy based on 2-DE/MALDI-MS and LC/ESI-MS to analyze plasma proteins from three AHCY-deficient patients prior to and after receiving dietary treatment designed to alleviate disease symptoms. Obtained results revealed candidate biomarkers for the detection of myopathy specifically associated with AHCY deficiency, such as carbonic anhydrase 3, creatine kinase, and thrombospondin 4. Several proteins mediating T-cell activation and function were identified as well, including attractin and diacylglycerol kinase α. Further validation and functional analysis of identified proteins with clinical value would ensure that these biomarkers make their way into routine diagnosis and management of AHCY deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sedic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Pajaniappan M, Glober NK, Kennard S, Liu H, Zhao N, Lilly B. Endothelial cells downregulate apolipoprotein D expression in mural cells through paracrine secretion and Notch signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H784-93. [PMID: 21705670 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00116.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial and mural cell interactions are vitally important for proper formation and function of blood vessels. These two cell types communicate to regulate multiple aspects of vessel function. In studying genes regulated by this interaction, we identified apolipoprotein D (APOD) as one gene that is downregulated in mural cells by coculture with endothelial cells. APOD is a secreted glycoprotein that has been implicated in governing stress response, lipid metabolism, and aging. Moreover, APOD is known to regulate smooth muscle cells and is found in abundance within atherosclerotic lesions. Our data show that the regulation of APOD in mural cells is bimodal. Paracrine secretion by endothelial cells causes partial downregulation of APOD expression. Additionally, cell contact-dependent Notch signaling plays a role. NOTCH3 on mural cells promotes the downregulation of APOD, possibly through interaction with the JAGGED-1 ligand on endothelial cells. Our results show that NOTCH3 contributes to the downregulation of APOD and by itself is sufficient to attenuate APOD transcript expression. In examining the consequence of decreased APOD expression in mural cells, we show that APOD negatively regulates cell adhesion. APOD attenuates adhesion by reducing focal contacts; however, it has no effect on stress fiber formation. These data reveal a novel mechanism in which endothelial cells control neighboring mural cells through the downregulation of APOD, which, in turn, influences mural cell function by modulating adhesion.
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Leduc V, Domenger D, De Beaumont L, Lalonde D, Bélanger-Jasmin S, Poirier J. Function and comorbidities of apolipoprotein e in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:974361. [PMID: 21559182 PMCID: PMC3089878 DOI: 10.4061/2011/974361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)—the most common type of dementia among the elderly—represents one of the most challenging and urgent medical mysteries affecting our aging population. Although dominant inherited mutation in genes involved in the amyloid metabolism can elicit familial AD, the overwhelming majority of AD cases, dubbed sporadic AD, do not display this Mendelian inheritance pattern. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), the main lipid carrier protein in the central nervous system, is the only gene that has been robustly and consistently associated with AD risk. The purpose of the current paper is thus to highlight the pleiotropic roles and the structure-function relationship of APOE to stimulate both the functional characterization and the identification of novel lipid homeostasis-related molecular targets involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Leduc
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Perry Pavilion, E-3207.1, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC, Canada H4H1R3
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Leduc V, Jasmin-Bélanger S, Poirier J. APOE and cholesterol homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. Trends Mol Med 2011; 16:469-77. [PMID: 20817608 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Converging evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicate the presence of important relationships between the ongoing deterioration of brain lipid homeostasis, vascular changes and the pathophysiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). These associations include the recognition of cholesterol transporters apolipoprotein E (APOE), APOC1 and APOJ as major genetic risk factors for common AD and observations associating risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as high midlife plasma cholesterol, diabetes, stroke, obesity and hypertension to dementia. Moreover, recent clinical findings lend support to the notion that progressive deterioration of cholesterol homeostasis in AD is a central player in the disease pathophysiology and is, therefore, a potential therapeutic target for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Leduc
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle, Montreal (Verdun), Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
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Ganfornina MD, Do Carmo S, Martínez E, Tolivia J, Navarro A, Rassart E, Sanchez D. ApoD, a glia-derived apolipoprotein, is required for peripheral nerve functional integrity and a timely response to injury. Glia 2011; 58:1320-34. [PMID: 20607718 PMCID: PMC7165554 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells are a key element to the process of axonal regeneration, either promoting or inhibiting axonal growth. The study of glial derived factors induced by injury is important to understand the processes that allow or preclude regeneration, and can explain why the PNS has a remarkable ability to regenerate, while the CNS does not. In this work we focus on Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a Lipocalin expressed by glial cells in the PNS and CNS. ApoD expression is strongly induced upon PNS injury, but its role has not been elucidated. Here we show that ApoD is required for: (1) the maintenance of peripheral nerve function and tissue homeostasis with age, and (2) an adequate and timely response to injury. We study crushed sciatic nerves at two ages using ApoD knock‐out and transgenic mice over‐expressing human ApoD. The lack of ApoD decreases motor nerve conduction velocity and the thickness of myelin sheath in intact nerves. Following injury, we analyze the functional recovery, the cellular processes, and the protein and mRNA expression profiles of a group of injury‐induced genes. ApoD helps to recover locomotor function after injury, promoting myelin clearance, and regulating the extent of angiogenesis and the number of macrophages recruited to the injury site. Axon regeneration and remyelination are delayed without ApoD and stimulated by excess ApoD. The mRNA and protein expression profiles reveal that ApoD is functionally connected in an age‐dependent manner to specific molecular programs triggered by injury. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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Wakasaya Y, Kawarabayashi T, Watanabe M, Yamamoto-Watanabe Y, Takamura A, Kurata T, Murakami T, Abe K, Yamada K, Wakabayashi K, Sasaki A, Westaway D, Hyslop PSG, Matsubara E, Shoji M. Factors responsible for neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal cell losses in tauopathy. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:576-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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