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Gahlawat S, Nanda V, Shreiber DI. Designing collagens to shed light on the multi-scale structure-function mapping of matrix disorders. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 21:100139. [PMID: 38186852 PMCID: PMC10765305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant structural proteins in the extracellular matrix of animals and play crucial roles in maintaining the structural integrity and mechanical properties of tissues and organs while mediating important biological processes. Fibrillar collagens have a unique triple helix structure with a characteristic repeating sequence of (Gly-X-Y)n. Variations within the repetitive sequence can cause misfolding of the triple helix, resulting in heritable connective tissue disorders. The most common variations are single-point missense mutations that lead to the substitution of a glycine residue with a bulkier amino acid (Gly → X). In this review, we will first discuss the importance of collagen's triple helix structure and how single Gly substitutions can impact its folding, structure, secretion, assembly into higher-order structures, and biological functions. We will review the role of "designer collagens," i.e., synthetic collagen-mimetic peptides and recombinant bacterial collagen as model systems to include Gly → X substitutions observed in collagen disorders and investigate their impact on structure and function utilizing in vitro studies. Lastly, we will explore how computational modeling of collagen peptides, especially molecular and steered molecular dynamics, has been instrumental in probing the effects of Gly substitutions on structure, receptor binding, and mechanical stability across multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gahlawat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Vikas Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David I. Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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2
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Datta HK, Vila J, Tuck SP. Long-term evaluation of anabolic and anti-resorptive agents in adults with familial osteoporosis due to pro205ala variant of the col1a1 gene. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:2105-2109. [PMID: 33796912 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare disorder with variable clinical presentation, commonly caused by mutations in collagen type I genes. OI affects both bone quality and density resulting in fractures and deformity. The effectiveness of bisphosphonates in the treatment of adult OI remains unclear. Small, randomised trials have shown increases in BMD, but without fracture rate reduction. AIM We report the results of BMD of a family harbouring C 613 C>G substitution in exon 8 of Col1A1 gene leading to Pro205Ala missense variant, as well as the results of long term treatment of a mother and daughter with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Datta
- Musculoskeletal Group, Department of Rheumatology, James Cook Blood Sciences (pathology), James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK.
| | - J Vila
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S P Tuck
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Department of Rheumatology (S.P.T.), James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK.
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3
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Fidler AL, Boudko SP, Rokas A, Hudson BG. The triple helix of collagens - an ancient protein structure that enabled animal multicellularity and tissue evolution. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs203950. [PMID: 29632050 PMCID: PMC5963836 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment, characterized by an extracellular matrix (ECM), played an essential role in the transition from unicellularity to multicellularity in animals (metazoans), and in the subsequent evolution of diverse animal tissues and organs. A major ECM component are members of the collagen superfamily -comprising 28 types in vertebrates - that exist in diverse supramolecular assemblies ranging from networks to fibrils. Each assembly is characterized by a hallmark feature, a protein structure called a triple helix. A current gap in knowledge is understanding the mechanisms of how the triple helix encodes and utilizes information in building scaffolds on the outside of cells. Type IV collagen, recently revealed as the evolutionarily most ancient member of the collagen superfamily, serves as an archetype for a fresh view of fundamental structural features of a triple helix that underlie the diversity of biological activities of collagens. In this Opinion, we argue that the triple helix is a protein structure of fundamental importance in building the extracellular matrix, which enabled animal multicellularity and tissue evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medical Education and Administration, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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4
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Abstract
Disruptions in procollagen synthesis, trafficking and secretion by cells occur in multiple connective tissue diseases. Traditionally, these disruptions are studied by pulse-chase labeling with radioisotopes. However, significant DNA damage, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and formation of other free radicals have been well documented in the literature at typical radioisotope concentrations used for pulse-chase experiments. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that the resulting cell stress response might affect interpretation of the data, particularly with respect to abnormal function of procollagen-producing cells. In this study, we describe an alternative method of pulse-chase procollagen labeling with azidohomoalanine, a noncanonical amino acid that replaces methionine in newly synthesized protein chains and can be detected via highly selective click chemistry reactions. At least in fibroblast culture, this approach is more efficient than traditional radioisotopes and has fewer, if any, unintended effects on cell function. To illustrate its applications, we demonstrate delayed procollagen folding and secretion by cells from an osteogenesis imperfecta patient with a Cys substitution for Gly766 in the triple helical region of the α1(I) chain of type I procollagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Mirigian
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Elena Makareeva
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Wilson DG, Phamluong K, Li L, Sun M, Cao TC, Liu PS, Modrusan Z, Sandoval WN, Rangell L, Carano RAD, Peterson AS, Solloway MJ. Global defects in collagen secretion in a Mia3/TANGO1 knockout mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:935-51. [PMID: 21606205 PMCID: PMC3105544 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201007162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mia3’s contribution to protein secretion is broader than previously realized—its absence impairs collagen deposition and normal development of cartilage and bone. Melanoma inhibitory activity member 3 (MIA3/TANGO1) is an evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum resident transmembrane protein. Recent in vitro studies have shown that it is required for the loading of collagen VII, but not collagen I, into COPII-coated transport vesicles. In this paper, we show that mice lacking Mia3 are defective for the secretion of numerous collagens, including collagens I, II, III, IV, VII, and IX, from chondrocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mural cells. Collagen deposition by these cell types is abnormal, and extracellular matrix composition is compromised. These changes are associated with intracellular accumulation of collagen and the induction of a strong unfolded protein response, primarily within the developing skeleton. Chondrocyte maturation and bone mineralization are severely compromised in Mia3-null embryos, leading to dwarfism and neonatal lethality. Thus, Mia3’s role in protein secretion is much broader than previously realized, and it may, in fact, be required for the efficient secretion of all collagen molecules in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna G Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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6
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Pace JM, Wiese M, Drenguis AS, Kuznetsova N, Leikin S, Schwarze U, Chen D, Mooney SH, Unger S, Byers PH. Defective C-propeptides of the proalpha2(I) chain of type I procollagen impede molecular assembly and result in osteogenesis imperfecta. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16061-7. [PMID: 18375391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801982200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I procollagen is a heterotrimer composed of two proalpha1(I) chains and one proalpha2(I) chain, encoded by the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, respectively. Mutations in these genes usually lead to dominantly inherited forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) by altering the triple helical domains, but a few affect sequences in the proalpha1(I) C-terminal propeptide (C-propeptide), and one, which has a phenotype only in homozygotes, alters the proalpha2(I) C-propeptide. Here we describe four dominant mutations in the COL1A2 gene that alter sequences of the proalpha2(I) C-propeptide in individuals with clinical features of a milder form of the disease, OI type IV. Three of the four appear to interfere with disulfide bonds that stabilize the C-propeptide conformation and its interaction with other chains in the trimer. Cultured cells synthesized proalpha2(I) chains that were slow to assemble with proalpha1(I) chains to form heterotrimers and that were retained intracellularly. Some alterations led to the uncharacteristic formation of proalpha1(I) homotrimers. These findings show that the C-propeptide of proalpha2(I), like that of the proalpha1(I) C-propeptide, is essential for efficient assembly of type I procollagen heterotrimers. The milder OI phenotypes likely reflect a diminished amount of normal type I procollagen, small populations of overmodified heterotrimers, and proalpha1(I) homotrimers that are compatible with normal skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Pace
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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7
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Prockop DJ, Kadler KE, Hojima Y, Constantinou CD, Dombrowski KE, Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G, Vogel B. Expression of type I procollagen genes. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 136:142-60. [PMID: 3068007 DOI: 10.1002/9780470513637.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
All of the type I collagen in connective tissue is the product of one structural gene for the pro alpha 1(I) chain and another for the pro alpha 2(I) chain of type I procollagen. An intriguing question therefore is how the expression of the two genes differs in mineralizing and non-mineralizing tissues. One approach that our laboratory has pursued to answer this and related questions is to develop a new system whereby one can examine the self-assembly of collagen fibrils de novo by controlled enzymic cleavage of procollagen to collagen under physiological conditions. The system has made it possible for the first time to define thermodynamic parameters for the self-assembly process. We are now using the system to define the normal kinetics for fibril formation. The results should make it possible to study the effects of other components of extracellular matrix on fibril assembly, including the effects of bone-specific components that initiate mineralization. A second approach has been to define mutations in type I procollagen genes that cause increased brittleness of bone. Over a dozen mutations in type I procollagen genes have been found in probands with osteogenesis imperfecta. One of the surprises has been that at least 25% of the probands with lethal variants of osteogenesis imperfecta have mutations in type I procollagen genes. Another surprise has been the observation that a number of the mutations are tissue specific in terms of their phenotypic manifestations even though the same abnormal pro alpha chains are being synthesized in a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Prockop
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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8
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Ishida Y, Kubota H, Yamamoto A, Kitamura A, Bächinger HP, Nagata K. Type I collagen in Hsp47-null cells is aggregated in endoplasmic reticulum and deficient in N-propeptide processing and fibrillogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:2346-55. [PMID: 16525016 PMCID: PMC1446091 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-11-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein of 47 kDa (Hsp47) is a molecular chaperone that recognizes collagen triple helices in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Hsp47-knockout mouse embryos are deficient in the maturation of collagen types I and IV, and collagen triple helices formed in the absence of Hsp47 show increased susceptibility to protease digestion. We show here that the fibrils of type I collagen produced by Hsp47-/- cells are abnormally thin and frequently branched. Type I collagen was highly accumulated in the ER of Hsp47-/- cells, and its secretion rate was much slower than that of Hsp47+/+ cells, leading to accumulation of the insoluble aggregate of type I collagen within the cells. Transient expression of Hsp47 in the Hsp47-/- cells restored normal extracellular fibril formation and intracellular localization of type I collagen. Intriguingly, type I collagen with unprocessed N-terminal propeptide (N-propeptide) was secreted from Hsp47-/- cells and accumulated in the extracellular matrix. These results indicate that Hsp47 is required for correct folding and prevention of aggregation of type I collagen in the ER and that this function is indispensable for efficient secretion, processing, and fibril formation of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Ishida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
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9
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Cabral WA, Mertts MV, Makareeva E, Colige A, Tekin M, Pandya A, Leikin S, Marini JC. Type I collagen triplet duplication mutation in lethal osteogenesis imperfecta shifts register of alpha chains throughout the helix and disrupts incorporation of mutant helices into fibrils and extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:10006-12. [PMID: 12538651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212523200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of collagen mutations causing osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are glycine substitutions that disrupt formation of the triple helix. A rare type of collagen mutation consists of a duplication or deletion of one or two Gly-X-Y triplets. These mutations shift the register of collagen chains with respect to each other in the helix but do not interrupt the triplet sequence, yet they have severe clinical consequences. We investigated the effect of shifting the register of the collagen helix by a single Gly-X-Y triplet on collagen assembly, stability, and incorporation into fibrils and matrix. These studies utilized a triplet duplication in COL1A1 exon 44 that occurred in the cDNA and gDNA of two siblings with lethal OI. The normal allele encodes three identical Gly-Ala-Hyp triplets at aa 868-876, whereas the mutant allele encodes four. The register shift delays helix formation, causing overmodification. Differential scanning calorimetry yielded a decrease in T(m) of 2 degrees C for helices with one mutant chain and a 6 degrees C decrease in helices with two mutant chains. An in vitro binary co-processing assay of N-proteinase cleavage demonstrated that procollagen with the triplet duplication has slower N-propeptide cleavage than in normal controls or procollagen with proalpha1(I) G832S, G898S, or G997S substitutions, showing that the register shift persists through the entire helix. The register shift disrupts incorporation of mutant collagen into fibrils and matrix. Proband fibrils formed inefficiently in vitro and contained only normal helices and helices with a single mutant chain. Helices with two mutant chains and a significant portion of helices with one mutant chain did not form fibrils. In matrix deposited by proband fibroblasts, mutant chains were abundant in the immaturely cross-linked fraction but constituted a minor fraction of maturely cross-linked chains. The profound effects of shifting the collagen triplet register on chain interactions in the helix and on fibril formation correlate with the severe clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Cabral
- Section on Connective Tissue Disorders, HDB/NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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10
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Abstract
Fibrillar collagens have a long triple helix in which glycine is in every third position for more than 1000 amino acids. The three chains of these molecules are assembled with specificity into several different molecules that have tissue-specific distribution. Mutations that alter folding of either the carboxy-terminal globular peptides that direct chain association, or of the regions of the triple helix that are important for nucleation, or of the bulk of the triple helix, all result in identifiable genetic disorders in which the phenotype reflects the region of expression of the genes and their tissue-specific distribution. Mutations that result in changed amino-acid sequences in any of these regions have different effects on folding and may have different phenotypic outcomes. Substitution for glycine residues in the triple helical domains are among the most common effects of mutations, and the nature of the substituting residue and its location in the chain contribute to the effect on folding and also on the phenotype. More complex mutations, such as deletions or insertions of triple helix, also affect folding, probably because of alterations in helical pitch along the triple helix. These mutations all interfere with the ability of these molecules to form the characteristic fibrillar array in the extracellular matrix and many result in intracellular retention of abnormal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, Box 357470, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The last 2 years have seen additions proposed to the very limited armamentarium of treatments for osteogenesis imperfecta. These include the use of bisphosphonates to decrease bone resorption, growth hormone to augment growth and collagen production, and bone marrow transplantation to create chimeras at the level of the collagen production unit in bone. Although there are optimistic proponents for each strategy, the lack of well-controlled studies and the absence of clearly defined objectives for therapy hinder clear assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7470, USA.
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12
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Campbell BG, Wootton JA, MacLeod JN, Minor RR. Sequence of normal canine COL1A1 cDNA and identification of a heterozygous alpha1(I) collagen Gly208Ala mutation in a severe case of canine osteogenesis imperfecta. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 384:37-46. [PMID: 11147834 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sequence of canine COL1A1 cDNA was determined from four overlapping COL1A1 RT-PCR products generated from canine fibroblast RNA. In the translated region, nucleotide identity between canine and human COL1A1 cDNA was 93.2%, although the canine sequence lacked nucleotides 204 to 215 in the region coding for the N-propeptide. Amino acid identity was 97.7%. Total RNA and type I collagen were collected from cultured skin fibroblasts of a 12-week-old male golden retriever with pathologic fractures suggestive of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Sequential, overlapping approximately 1,000-bp fragments of COL1A1 and COL1A2 cDNA were each amplified by RT-PCR using primers containing 5' T7 polymerase sites. These PCR products were transcribed with T7 RNA polymerase, hybridized into RNA duplexes, and cleaved at mismatch sites with RNase. The proband had an unique cleavage pattern for the fragment of COL1A1 mRNA spanning nucleotides 709 to 1,531. Sequence analysis identified a G to C point mutation for nucleotide 1,276, predicting a codon change from glycine (GGA) to alanine (GCA) for amino acid 208. This change disrupts the normal Gly-X-Y pattern of the collagen triple helix. Restriction enzyme digestion of the RT-PCR product was consistent with a heterozygous COL1A1 mutation. Type I collagen was labeled with 3H-proline, salt precipitated, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Pepsin digested alpha chains were over-hydroxylated, and procollagen processing was delayed. Thus, canine and human OI appear homologous in terms of clinical presentation, etiology, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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13
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Burjanadze TV, Veis A. A thermodynamic analysis of the contribution of hydroxyproline to the structural stability of the collagen triple helix. Connect Tissue Res 1998; 36:347-65. [PMID: 9610892 DOI: 10.3109/03008209709160233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T V Burjanadze
- A. Natishvili Institute of Experimental Morphology, Georgian Academy of Science, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
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14
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van der Keyl H, Kim H, Espey R, Oke CV, Edwards MK. Caenorhabditis elegans sqt-3 mutants have mutations in the col-1 collagen gene. Dev Dyn 1994; 201:86-94. [PMID: 7803850 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1002010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
sqt-3 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans form dumpy larvae and adults and display allele-specific defects in locomotion, fertility, and viability. We have determined that the sqt-3 locus encodes COL-1 collagen. We physically mapped the col-1 gene to a cosmid on chromosome V whose position is consistent with the location of the sqt-3 gene. We also observed morphological defects in sqt-3 mutants at stages that correlate with the mRNA expression patterns of col-1. Sequence analysis of the col-1 gene in the three temperature-sensitive mutants revealed that each allele of sqt-3 has a unique missense mutation causing arginine or glutamic acid to replace glycine in a Gly-X-Y triple helical domain. These glycine substitutions may result in longer non-collagenous domains, which may decrease the thermal stability or impart additional flexibility to mutant trimers. In addition, we describe four corrections to the published sequence of col-1, including one fifteen nucleotide addition that completes a conserved domain in the amino terminal coding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- H van der Keyl
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Pennsylvania 19041
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15
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Cole WG. Collagen genes: mutations affecting collagen structure and expression. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 47:29-80. [PMID: 8016323 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is to be expected that more collagen genes will be identified and that additional heritable connective tissue diseases will be shown to arise from collagen mutations. Further progress will be fostered by the coordinated study of naturally occurring and induced heritable connective tissues diseases. In some instances, human mutations will be studied in more detail using transgenic mice, while in others, transgenic studies will be used to determine the type of human phenotype that is likely to result from mutations of a given collagen gene. Further studies of transcriptional regulation of the collagen genes will provide the prospect for therapeutic control of expression of specific collagen genes in patients with genetically determined collagen disorders as well as in a wide range of common human diseases in which abnormal formation of the connective tissues is a feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Cole
- Division of Orthopaedics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Bateman JF, Lamande SR, Hannagan M, Moeller I, Dahl HH, Cole WG. Chemical cleavage method for the detection of RNA base changes: experience in the application to collagen mutations in osteogenesis imperfecta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 45:233-40. [PMID: 8456808 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320450216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the definition of mutations in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) using a chemical cleavage method for detecting mismatched bases in patient mRNA: control cDNA heteroduplexes. The method is based on the increased chemical modification of cytosines (Cs) by hydroxylamine and thymines (Ts) by osmium tetroxide when they are not paired with their complementary base. The DNA is then cleaved at the modified base with piperidine and the use of radioactively labeled DNA probes allows the position of the mismatched base to be determined by electrophoresis of the cleavage-product. The precise mutations are then determined by specific amplification and sequencing of the region containing the mismatched base. In perinatally lethal OI (OI type II) mismatches have been detected in all 17 cases studied; 12 of these have been fully characterized. In 7 of these 12 cases the mismatches were point mutations in the genes for pro alpha 1(I) or pro alpha 2(I) which resulted in glycine substitutions in the triple helical region of the protein. Sequence variation was detected in addition to the glycine substitutions in 2 cases. In 2 cases the RNA mismatch resulted from changes in the amino acid sequence of the C-propeptide domain. In the 3 remaining cases the mismatch resulted from silent nucleotide sequence variants. In the less severe forms of OI we have studied, mismatches have been detected and characterized in 8 of 12 cases. In 4 of these 8 cases the mismatch resulted from presumably neutral sequence variation and in the other 4 cases mutations have been defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bateman
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Bächinger HP, Morris NP, Davis JM. Thermal stability and folding of the collagen triple helix and the effects of mutations in osteogenesis imperfecta on the triple helix of type I collagen. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 45:152-62. [PMID: 8456797 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320450204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disease in which 90% of the cases result from mutations in the 2 genes, pro alpha 1 and pro alpha 2, coding for type I collagen. Type I collagen is a trimeric molecule, (alpha 1)2 alpha 2, which is dominated both structurally and functionally by the 300 nm triple-helical domain. Most OI mutations occur in this domain and almost all point mutations result in the substitution of other amino acids for the obligate glycine which occurs at every third residue. The phenotypic effects of these mutations are frequently attributed in part to alterations in the stability and rate of folding of the triple helix. In order to better understand the relationship between glycine substitutions and stability we review current concepts of the forces governing triple helical stability, denaturational and predenaturational unfolding, and the techniques of measuring stability. From observations on the stability of several collagen types as well as synthetic tripeptides, we present a model for stability based on the contribution of individual and neighboring tripeptide units to the local stability. Although in preliminary form, this empirical model can account for the observed shifts in the Tm of many of the point mutations described. The folding of the triple helix is reviewed. The involvement of peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase in this process in vivo is demonstrated by the inhibition of collagen folding in fibroblasts by cyclosporin A. An hypothesis based on the relationship between the thermal stability at the site of mutation and the propensity for renucleation of folding is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Bächinger
- Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Research Department, Portland, OR 97201
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18
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Wirtz MK, Rao VH, Glanville RW, Labhard ME, Pretorius PJ, de Vries WN, de Wet WJ, Hollister DW. A cysteine for glycine substitution at position 175 in an alpha 1 (I) chain of type I collagen produces a clinically heterogeneous form of osteogenesis imperfecta. Connect Tissue Res 1993; 29:1-11. [PMID: 8339541 DOI: 10.3109/03008209309061961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis for Osteogenesis Imperfecta in a large kindred with a highly variable phenotype was identified by sequencing the mutant pro alpha 1 (I) protein, cDNA and genomic DNA from the proband. Fibroblasts from different affected individuals all synthesize both normal Type I procollagen molecules and abnormal Type I procollagen molecules in which one or both pro alpha 1 (I) chain(s) contain a cysteine residue within the triple helical domain. Protein studies of the proband localized the mutant cysteine residue to the alpha 1 (I) CB 8 peptide. We now report that cysteine has replaced glycine at triple helical residue 175 disrupting the invariant Gly-X-Y structural motif required for perfect triple helix formation. The consequences include post-translational overmodification, decreased thermal stability, and delayed secretion of mutant molecules. The highly variable phenotype in the present kindred cannot be explained solely on the basis of the cysteine for glycine substitution but will require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Wirtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201
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19
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Wallis G, Kadler K, Starman B, Byers P. A tripeptide deletion in the triple-helical domain of the pro alpha 1(I) chain of type I procollagen in a patient with lethal osteogenesis imperfecta does not alter cleavage of the molecule by N-proteinase. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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20
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Lightfoot S, Holmes D, Brass A, Grant M, Byers P, Kadler K. Type I procollagens containing substitutions of aspartate, arginine, and cysteine for glycine in the pro alpha 1 (I) chain are cleaved slowly by N-proteinase, but only the cysteine substitution introduces a kink in the molecule. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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Torre-Blanco A, Adachi E, Romanic A, Prockop D. Copolymerization of normal type I collagen with three mutated type I collagens containing substitutions of cysteine at different glycine positions in the alpha 1 (I) chain. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Beighton P, De Paepe A, Hall JG, Hollister DW, Pope FM, Pyeritz RE, Steinmann B, Tsipouras P. Molecular nosology of heritable disorders of connective tissue. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 42:431-48. [PMID: 1609825 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320420406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Beighton
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Torre-Blanco A, Adachi E, Hojima Y, Wootton JA, Minor RR, Prockop DJ. Temperature-induced post-translational over-modification of type I procollagen. Effects of over-modification of the protein on the rate of cleavage by procollagen N-proteinase and on self-assembly of collagen into fibrils. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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24
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Vetter U, Pontz B, Zauner E, Brenner RE, Spranger J. Osteogenesis imperfecta: a clinical study of the first ten years of life. Calcif Tissue Int 1992; 50:36-41. [PMID: 1739868 DOI: 10.1007/bf00297295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One hundred twenty-seven children with osteogenesis imperfecta (O.I.) were studied during the first 10 years of life. According to Sillence, 40 patients were assigned to type I, 39 to type III, and 48 to type IV O.I. Centiles for height, weight, and the annual number of fractures could be established for the different types of O.I. The development of the skeletal changes could be documented for the different forms of the disease. At birth, the skeletal changes were significantly more severe in type III than in type IV patients. During the first 10 years of life the number of fractures, extent of skeletal deformities, and growth retardation did not differ between types III and IV. Only fracture nonunion, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and congenital cardiac malformations were more frequent in type III than in type IV. Papillary calcifications of the kidney and kidney stones were diagnosed in 4 type III and 2 type IV patients. Hemihypertrophy of the body developed in 2 type I patients. Although types III and IV patients suffered from severe short stature, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I was in the normal range.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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26
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The effects of different cysteine for glycine substitutions within alpha 2(I) chains. Evidence of distinct structural domains within the type I collagen triple helix. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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A de novo G to T transversion in a pro-alpha 1 (I) collagen gene for a moderate case of osteogenesis imperfecta. Substitution of cysteine for glycine 178 in the triple helical domain. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Substitution of arginine for glycine at position 847 in the triple-helical domain of the alpha 1 (I) chain of type I collagen produces lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. Molecules that contain one or two abnormal chains differ in stability and secretion. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
Mutations in the genes that encode the chains of type I collagen, the major structural protein in most tissues, usually produce brittle bones. The consequences of even apparently minor mutations--single base substitutions--can range from lethal to mild, and the phenotypic consequences reflect the nature and position of the mutation. The manner in which phenotypes are produced depends on the effect of the mutation on the structural integrity of the molecule and on whether or how the abnormal molecules can be incorporated into an extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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30
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Mohrenweiser HW, Jones IM. Review of the molecular characteristics of gene mutations of the germline and somatic cells of the human. Mutat Res 1990; 231:87-108. [PMID: 2195325 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(90)90179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular analyses of the limited number of de novo germinal mutations identified in humans indicate that an array of alterations in gene structure can be generated. Similar conclusions are derived from the large data set obtained from molecular analyses of alleles that segregate in the human population and cause genetic diseases. The molecular alterations include nucleotide substitutions as well as insertions, deletions and other rearrangements of the DNA. The lesions may be located in the coding or the noncoding regions of genes or may involve the flanking sequences. The insertions and deletions involve fragments ranging from single nucleotides to many kilobases, and involve both unique sequences and repetitive elements. The nature of the lesions observed to date as either de novo mutations or segregating variants suggests there are locus-specific characteristics of the alterations in DNA structure that are recovered as genetic diseases. Differences in mutation spectra among genetic loci appear to reflect both the structure of the target sequences and the relationship between gene structure and gene function. No induced germinal mutations have been identified, thus no data are available that reveal the relationships between mutagenic exposures and the molecular fingerprints of the lesion induced in the human germ cell and transmitted to the subsequent generations. In contrast, the prospects for analyzing the roles of genetic target, exposure history and individual responsiveness to exposure in creating particular molecular lesions in somatic cells are excellent, both for alterations of single nucleotides and for major alterations of gene structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Mohrenweiser
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
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31
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Labhard ME, Hollister DW. Segmental amplification of the entire helical and telopeptide regions of the cDNA for human alpha 1 (I) collagen. MATRIX (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 1990; 10:124-30. [PMID: 2374517 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8832(11)80178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen is the site of several common genetic diseases and therefore, the diagnosis of mutational defects occurring therein is of considerable importance. By the polymerase chain reaction amplification of a series of seven overlapping segments, we show that the entire helical and telopeptide regions of the human alpha 1 (I) collagen cDNA can be cloned for sequencing. Unlike all other means of identifying collagen mutations, including protein sequencing and electrophoretic analysis, RNase A hybrid analysis and chemical cleavage of DNA or RNA heteroduplexes, the technique presented is capable of identifying all mutations and polymorphisms without false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Labhard
- Portland Unit, Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, OR
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32
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Brenner RE, Vetter U, Nerlich A, Wörsdorfer O, Teller WM, Müller PK. Altered collagen metabolism in osteogenesis imperfecta fibroblasts: a study on 33 patients with diverse forms. Eur J Clin Invest 1990; 20:8-14. [PMID: 2108039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of collagen metabolism was analysed in fibroblast cultures from patients with diverse forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Generally, OI fibroblasts show an insufficient collagen synthesis which is most obvious in patients between 2 and 9 years of age during which period control fibroblasts have an elevated collagen synthesis. OI fibroblasts remain on a basal level except for fibroblasts from OI type IV patients which seem to approach normal levels. In addition, OI fibroblasts generally show a slightly increased degradation of newly synthesized collagen which again is most obvious between 2 and 9 years. These differences in collagen degradation, however, only contribute to a minor extent to the lack of net collagen synthesis during early childhood. No correlation could be found between the degree of overmodification of collagen and its degradation since fibroblasts of both OI type I and OI type II have an elevated degradation though only the latter ones produce overmodified collagen molecules. Pulse labelling of collagen with radioactivity labelled sugars was used to distinguish between normal collagen chains or CNBr-derived peptides and those which were overmodified. In all three cases studied (OI II, OI III, OI IV) the entire triple helical domain of alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) was overglycosylated. The amount of overmodification, however, was not uniform but rather unique for each patient studied. We assume that the molecular defects in the majority of OI cases may be located in the mechanisms operating on the control of both the age appropriate synthesis of collagen and its degree of post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Brenner
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, FRG
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- T Krieg
- Dermatologische Klinik, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, FRG
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34
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Prockop DJ, Baldwin CT, Constantinou CD. Mutations in type I procollagen genes that cause osteogenesis imperfecta. ADVANCES IN HUMAN GENETICS 1990; 19:105-32. [PMID: 2193488 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9065-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Prockop
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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35
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Substitution of Serine for α1(I)-Glycine 844 in a Severe Variant of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Minimally Destabilizes the Triple Helix of Type I Procollagen. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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36
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Byers PH. Inherited disorders of collagen gene structure and expression. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1989; 34:72-80. [PMID: 2683783 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320340114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As a result of investigations completed during the last 15 years, the molecular bases of most form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and of some forms of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) are now known. Most forms of OI result from point mutations in the genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) that encode the chains of type I procollagen or mutations that affect the expression of these genes. Less frequently, mutations that affect the size of the chain can also result in these phenotypes. The phenotypic presentation appears to be determined by the nature of the mutation, the chain in which it occurs, and, for point mutations, the position of the substitution and the nature of the substituting amino acid in the protein product. Similar mutations in the gene (COL3A1) that encodes the chains of type III procollagen result in the EDS type IV phenotype. Mutations which result in deletion of the cleavage site for the aminoterminal procollagen protease result in the EDS type VII phenotype and other mutations which affect the structure of the triple-helical domain by deletions and alter the conformation of the substrate at the site of proteolytic conversion can produce mixed phenotypes. Alterations in post-translational processing of collagenous proteins can result in the EDS type VI and EDS type IX phenotypes. Linkage analysis and study of type II collagen proteins from individuals with a variety of skeletal dysplasias suggest that similar mutations in these genes also result in clinically apparent phenotypes. Mutations in the majority of the 20 known collagen genes have not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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37
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Prockop DJ, Constantinou CD, Dombrowski KE, Hojima Y, Kadler KE, Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G, Vogel BE. Type I procollagen: the gene-protein system that harbors most of the mutations causing osteogenesis imperfecta and probably more common heritable disorders of connective tissue. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1989; 34:60-7. [PMID: 2683782 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320340112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent data from several laboratories have established that most variants of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are caused by mutations in the 2 structural genes for type I procollagen. There are 2 general reasons for the large number of mutations in type I procollagen in OI. One reason is that most of the structure of the procollagen monomer is essential for normal biological function of the protein. The second reason is that most of the mutations cause synthesis of structurally altered pro alpha chains of type I procollagen. The deleterious effects of the structurally altered pro alpha chains are then amplified by at least 3 mechanisms. One mechanism is a phenomenon referred to as "procollagen suicide" whereby altered pro alpha chains cause degradation of normal pro alpha chains synthesized by the same cell. Another mechanism involves the fact that many of the structurally altered pro alpha chains prevent normal processing of the N-propeptides of procollagen and persistence of the N-propeptide interferes with normal fibril assembly. A third mechanism is a recently discovered phenomenon in which a substitution of a bulkier amino acid for glycine can cause a kink in the triple helix of the molecule. The kinked collagen, in turn, causes formation of abnormally branched fibrils. Because the deleterious effects of abnormal pro alpha chains are amplified by these 3 mechanisms, most of the mutations are dominant and many are dominant lethal. The conclusion that most variants of OI are caused by mutations in the structural genes for type I procollagen has broad implications for other diseases that affect connective tissue, diseases such as chondrodystrophies, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Prockop
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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38
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Characterization of Point Mutations in the Collagen COL1A1 and COL1A2 Genes Causing Lethal Perinatal Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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39
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Bateman JF, Lamande SR, Dahl HH, Chan D, Mascara T, Cole WG. A Frameshift Mutation Results in a Truncated Nonfunctional Carboxyl-terminal Proα1(I) Propeptide of Type I Collagen in Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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41
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Patterson E, Smiley E, Bonadio J. RNA sequence analysis of a perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta mutation. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)81769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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42
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Uitto J, Olsen DR, Fazio MJ. Extracellular Matrix of the Skin: 50 Years of Progress. J Invest Dermatol 1989. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.1989.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Abstract
The extracellular connective tissue matrix of the skin is a complex aggregate of distinct collagenous and non-collagenous components. Optimal quantities and delicate interactions of these components are necessary to maintain normal physiologic properties of skin. This overview summarizes the progress made in understanding the normal biology and biochemistry of the extracellular matrix, and will highlight cutaneous diseases with underlying molecular defects in the structure and expression of extracellular matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Uitto
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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44
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Baldwin CT, Constantinou CD, Dumars KW, Prockop DJ. A single base mutation that converts glycine 907 of the α2(I) chain of type I procollagen to aspartate in a lethal variant of osteogenesis imperfecta. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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45
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Abstract
The content and composition of glycosaminoglycans in the tubular bones of osteogenesis imperfecta were compared to those in the tubular bones of age-matched controls. Chondroitin sulfate was the major glycosaminoglycan (70-80% of total) both in the normal and pathological bones, and its level, based on the tissue wet weight, was slightly less in the pathological bones. The composition of chondroitin sulfate disaccharide units in the pathological samples was different from those of the control; a lower proportion of chondroitin 4-sulfate unit. Hyaluronate accounted for at most 7% of total glycosaminoglycans from the normal bones. The hyaluronate content of the pathological bones was 1.5- to 3-fold higher than that of the controls. Glycosaminoglycans have been shown to participate in the formation of a functional supramolecular complex in extracellular matrices. Therefore, it may be postulated that the abnormalities in glycosaminoglycan composition in the tubular bones of osteogenesis imperfecta is implicated in some clinical aspects of this connective tissue disorder such as the bony fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oohira
- Department of Embryology, Institute for Developmental Research, Kasugai, Japan
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46
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Effects of Mutations that Change Primary Structure of Collagen on the Self-Assembly of the Protein into Fibrils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73925-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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47
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Decreased Thermal Denaturation Temperature of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mutant Collagen is Independent of Post-translational Overmodifications of Lysine and Hydroxylysine. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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48
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Pope FM, Daw SC, Narcisi P, Richards AR, Nicholls AC. Prenatal diagnosis and prevention of inherited abnormalities of collagen. J Inherit Metab Dis 1989; 12 Suppl 1:135-73. [PMID: 2572730 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is now strong evidence for the implication of collagen alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(III) mutations in many forms of osteogenesis imperfecta and inherited arterial aneurysms (Ehlers Danlos syndrome type IV). A sizeable proportion of these disorders have detectable abnormalities by conventional protein chemistry, immunofluorescence, or more sophisticated DNA analysis. Everyone of them with specific defects or with linkage to appropriate gene markers is therefore amenable to prevention using conventional prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus biopsy (with fibroblast culture), fetoscopic biopsy (with fibroblast culture), ultrasound diagnosis of the severely deformed fetus, or gene linkage studies by chorionic villus biopsy or amniocentesis. Already many collagen alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(III) mutations have been characterized including point mutations, small and large deletions and regulatory mutations. Many others are likely to be rapidly studied by exploiting recent advances in DNA technology, and other strong candidate genes include collagen II (some chondrodystrophies), collagen VI (certain arterial and cardiovascular diseases) and collagen VII (dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa). Other important common diseases are likely to include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and cerebral aneurysms. A detailed review is provided of collagen interstitial genes and proteins, together with a description of the various forms of osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers Danlos syndrome in which either collagen alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I) or alpha 1(III) mutations have been identified. Appropriate restriction length polymorphisms (RFLPs) useful in identifying carriers of these mutant genes are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Pope
- Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
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49
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Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H, Shikata H, Prockop DJ. A Single Base Mutation That Substitutes Serine for Glycine 790 of the α 1 (III) Chain of Type III Procollagen Exposes an Arginine and Causes Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome IV. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
Collagen IV dimers of two collagen IV molecules connected by their C-terminal globular NC1 domains were isolated by limited digestion with bacterial collagenase from mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma tissue. The collagenous domains were only 300 nm long as compared to 400 nm of intact collagen IV but the disulfide bonds in the N-terminal region of the major triple helix were retained. Unfolding of the collagenous domains as monitored by circular dichroism occurred in a temperature range of 30 to 44 degrees C with a midpoint at 37 degrees C. The transition is significantly broader than that of the continuous triple helices in collagens I, II and III, a feature which can be explained by the frequent non-collagenous interruptions in the triple-helical domain of collagen IV. Refolding at 25 degrees C following complete unfolding at 50 degrees C was monitored by circular dichroism, selective proteolytic digestion of non-refolded segments and by a newly developed method in which the recovered triple-helical segments were visualized by electron microscopy. Triple-helix formation was found to proceed in a zipper-like fashion from the C-terminal NC1 domains towards the N-terminus, indicating that this domain is essential for nucleations. For collagen IV dimers with intact NC1 domains the rate of triple-helix growth was of comparable magnitude to that of collagen III, demonstrating that the non-collagenous interruptions do not slow down the refolding process where the rate-limiting step is the cis-trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds. Refolding was near to 100% and the refolding products were similar to the starting material as judged by thermal stability and electron microscopic appearance. Removal of the NC1 domains by pepsin or dissociation of their hexametric structures by acetic acid led to a loss of the refolding ability. Instead products with randomly dispersed short triple-helical segments were formed in a slow reaction. In no case, even when the disulfide bonds in the N-terminal region of the triple-helical domain were intact, was refolding from the N- towards the C-terminus observed. Taken together with results in other collagens, this suggests that C to N directionality might be an intrinsic property of triple-helix folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dölz
- Abteilung Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Basel, Switzerland
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