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Modulating p56Lck in T-Cells by a Chimeric Peptide Comprising Two Functionally Different Motifs of Tip from Herpesvirus saimiri. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:395371. [PMID: 26539553 PMCID: PMC4619936 DOI: 10.1155/2015/395371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lck interacting protein Tip of Herpesvirus saimiri is responsible for T-cell transformation both in vitro and in vivo. Here we designed the chimeric peptide hTip-CSKH, comprising the Lck specific interacting motif CSKH of Tip and its hydrophobic transmembrane sequence (hTip), the latter as a vector targeting lipid rafts. We found that hTip-CSKH can induce a fivefold increase in proliferation of human and Aotus sp. T-cells. Costimulation with PMA did not enhance this proliferation rate, suggesting that hTip-CSKH is sufficient and independent of further PKC stimulation. We also found that human Lck phosphorylation was increased earlier after stimulation when T-cells were incubated previously with hTip-CSKH, supporting a strong signalling and proliferative effect of the chimeric peptide. Additionally, Lck downstream signalling was evident with hTip-CSKH but not with control peptides. Importantly, hTip-CSKH could be identified in heavy lipid rafts membrane fractions, a compartment where important T-cell signalling molecules (LAT, Ras, and Lck) are present during T-cell activation. Interestingly, hTip-CSKH was inhibitory to Jurkat cells, in total agreement with the different signalling pathways and activation requirements of this leukemic cell line. These results provide the basis for the development of new compounds capable of modulating therapeutic targets present in lipid rafts.
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2
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Gervais FG, Veillette A. Reconstitution of interactions between protein-tyrosine phosphatase CD45 and tyrosine-protein kinase p56(lck) in nonlymphoid cells. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:12754-61. [PMID: 9139734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.19.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To further understand the functional interactions between CD45 and p56(lck) in T-cells, we stably reconstituted their expression in a nonlymphoid system. The results of our analyses demonstrated that CD45 could dephosphorylate tyrosine 505 of p56(lck) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. As is the case for T-cells, removal of the unique domain of p56(lck) interfered with dephosphorylation of tyrosine 505 in fibroblasts, further stressing the importance of this region in the interactions between CD45 and p56(lck). The ability of CD45 to dephosphorylate tyrosine 505 in NIH 3T3 cells was also greatly influenced by the catalytic activity of p56(lck). Indeed, whereas CD45 provoked dephosphorylation of kinase-defective Lck molecules in this system, it failed to stably dephosphorylate kinase-active p56(lck) polypeptides. Finally, our studies showed that CD45 was also able to inhibit the oncogenic potential of a constitutively activated version of p56(lck) in NIH 3T3 cells. This effect did not require the Lck unique domain and apparently resulted from selective dephosphorylation of substrates of activated p56(lck) in fibroblasts. In addition to providing insights into the nature and regulation of the interactions between CD45 and p56(lck) in T-cells, these results indicated that CD45 clearly has the capacity to both positively and negatively regulate p56(lck)-mediated functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Gervais
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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3
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Oetken C, von Willebrand M, Marie-Cardine A, Pessa-Morikawa T, Ståhls A, Fisher S, Mustelin T. Induction of hyperphosphorylation and activation of the p56lck protein tyrosine kinase by phenylarsine oxide, a phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Mol Immunol 1994; 31:1295-302. [PMID: 7997241 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(94)90047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The T cell protein tyrosine kinase p56lck is implicated in thymic development and mitogenic activation of T lymphocytes, and is itself regulated by reversible tyrosine phosphorylation. When phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a membrane-permeable inhibitor of phosphotyrosine phosphatases, was added to Jurkat T leukemia or LSTRA thymoma cells, the phosphate content of p56lck increased rapidly. The sites of increased phosphorylation were mapped to Tyr-192, Tyr-394 and Tyr-505. Hyperphosphorylated p56lck displayed retarded mobility on SDS gels, unaltered or marginally increased cytoskeletal association, and its catalytic activity changed in a biphasic manner; during the first 10-20 min of PAO-treatment the activity increased and then it declined to very low values within 1-2 hr. Our data suggest that p56lck contains both positive and negative regulatory sites which are constantly dephosphorylated at an unexpectedly high rate by cellular phosphotyrosine phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oetken
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, California 92037
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4
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Jullien P, Bougeret C, Camoin L, Bodeus M, Durand H, Disanto JP, Fischer S, Benarous R. Tyr394 and Tyr505 are autophosphorylated in recombinant Lck protein-tyrosine kinase expressed in Escherichia coli. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 224:589-96. [PMID: 7523116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the Src family protein-tyrosine kinase p56lck is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of two critical tyrosine residues Tyr394 and Tyr505. Tyr394 is autophosphorylated after p56lck activation, whereas phosphorylation of Tyr505 is believed to be due to p50csk which negatively modulates p56lck activity. To determine whether Tyr505 could be autophosphorylated, we used the prokaryotic glutathione S-transferase expression system to express wild-type Lck, the mutants [Y394F]Lck and [Y505F]Lck, a kinase-deficient p56lck with a mutation of the ATP-binding site [K273E]Lck and a double mutant [Y394F, Y505F]Lck. We studied the kinase activities and the patterns of autophosphorylation for tyrosine residues in these mutants and wild-type Lck both in vivo and in vitro. Wild-type Lck, [Y505F]Lck and [Y394F]Lck were phosphorylated on tyrosine. Both the kinase-deficient mutant[K273E]Lck and the double mutant [Y394F, Y505F]Lck did not react with monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody [anti-Y(P) mAb], thus providing evidence that (a) the bacterial strains used lacked intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activities, and therefore tyrosine phosphorylations of wild-type Lck, [Y505F]Lck and [Y394F]Lck are due to autophosphorylation occurring in vivo in bacteria, and (b) that p56lck can only be autophosphorylated on two tyrosine residues, namely Tyr394 and Tyr505. Phosphopeptide mapping analysis confirmed that p56lck can undergo autophosphorylation on these two tyrosine residues. We propose that autophosphorylation at Tyr505 of p56lck may represent an accessory mechanism for the down-regulation of the tyrosine kinase activity of p56lck.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jullien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 332, Université Paris René Descartes, France
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5
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Weil R, Veillette A. Intramolecular and extramolecular mechanisms repress the catalytic function of p56lck in resting T-lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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6
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Marie-Cardine A, Maridonneau-Parini I, Fischer S. Activation and internalization of p56lck upon CD45 triggering of Jurkat cells. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:1255-61. [PMID: 7911421 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830240603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between CD45 and p56lck have been suggested by co-immunoprecipitation of both proteins and by dephosphorylation of the p56lck regulatory site, Tyr 505, by CD45 in vitro. We investigated whether the kinase activity of p56lck is modulated in T cells triggered via CD45. We showed that incubation of Jurkat cells with a combination of two anti-CD45 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (MC5/2 + D3/9) induced an increase in p56lck kinase activity, while a single mAb did not. Under these conditions, p56lck underwent two consecutive waves of activation. This was accompanied by internalization of the kinase and by a time-dependent increased accessibility of CD45 phosphatase at the plasma membrane. Similarly, activation and internalization of p56lck were observed using a combination of anti-CD45 (MC5/2) and anti-CD2 (T11(2)) mAb, suggesting that a functional complex consisting of CD45, CD2 and p56lck was formed upon cell triggering. Taken together, these results suggests that: (i) CD45 participates in the regulation of p56lck kinase activity in vivo and that (ii) CD45 could play a mediator role in the stimulation and endocytosis of p56lck through the CD2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marie-Cardine
- INSERUM U332, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
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7
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Soula M, Rothhut B, Camoin L, Guillaume JL, Strosberg D, Vorherr T, Burn P, Meggio F, Fischer S, Fagard R. Anti-CD3 and phorbol ester induce distinct phosphorylated sites in the SH2 domain of p56lck. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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8
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Paige L, Nadler M, Harrison M, Cassady J, Geahlen R. Reversible palmitoylation of the protein-tyrosine kinase p56lck. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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Srinivas PR, Hutchcroft JE, Aube BD, Harrison ML. p56lck stably associates with a 115 kDa substrate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 186:537-42. [PMID: 1632788 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using antibodies directed against p56lck, we have identified a 115 kDa protein (p115) that is specifically immunoprecipitated with p56lck from whole cell lysates. The p56lck/p115 complex is stable in the presence of nonionic detergents. p115 becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in p56lck immune-complex kinase assays. Treatment of whole cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate decreases the subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of p115 in immune-complex kinase assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Srinivas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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10
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Synthetic fragments of the CD4 receptor cytoplasmic domain and large polycations alter the activities of the pp56lck tyrosine protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Juszczak R, Turchin H, Truneh A, Culp J, Kassis S. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus gp120 glycoprotein on the association of the protein tyrosine kinase p56lck with CD4 in human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Bolen JB, Thompson PA, Eiseman E, Horak ID. Expression and interactions of the Src family of tyrosine protein kinases in T lymphocytes. Adv Cancer Res 1991; 57:103-49. [PMID: 1950702 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J B Bolen
- Laboratory of Tumor Virus Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abraham
- McGill Cancer Center, Montreal, Canada
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Hall BS, Hoffbrand AV, Wickremasinghe RG. Multiple tyrosine protein kinases structurally related to p56 lck are down-regulated following mitogenic stimulation of human T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 170:127-33. [PMID: 2372282 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)91249-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
p56 lck is a well-characterized tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) which is thought to play a role in mitogenic signal transduction in T lymphocytes. Immunoblot analysis of human lymphocyte proteins using an antiserum cross-reactive with phosphotyrosine resulted in the detection of a 55-60 kDa protein band (presumably p56 lck) as well as several additional phosphotyrosyl proteins in lymphocyte extracts. All of these phosphotyrosyl proteins were down-regulated following mitotic stimulation. Autophosphorylation of lymphocyte microsomal fractions in the presence of [gamma-32P] ATP resulted in the labelling of p56 lck as well as other proteins of different molecular weights. Analysis of these labelled proteins by tryptic digestion resulted in strikingly similar peptide maps. The data suggest that lymphocytes may contain a family of TPKs structurally related to p56 lck. The down-regulation of the putative TPKs following mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin suggests that this family of TPKs may participate in mitotic signalling events, followed by their down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Hall
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
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15
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Danielian S, Fagard R, Boulet I, Fischer S. The retarded electrophoretic migration of p56lck induced by vanadate in lymphoma cells correlates with modified kinase activity. Biochimie 1990; 72:315-22. [PMID: 2119816 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(90)90026-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
p56lck is a src related lymphocyte specific tyrosine protein kinase which undergoes specific changes during T-cell activation, particularly the appearance of slow migrating forms. To analyze these forms, LSTRA cells were treated with vanadate. This resulted in increased phosphorylation of p56lck with the appearance of slow migrating forms. Renaturation of the p56lck bands after gel migration showed that vanadate mostly increased the activity of the lower band of p56lck. The upper bands had a reduced specific activity. In addition, the upper bands from vanadate treated cells displayed additional phosphorylated sites.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- A Altman
- Department of Immunology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California 92037
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17
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Danielian S, Fagard R, Alcover A, Acuto O, Fischer S. The lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56lck is hyperphosphorylated on serine and tyrosine residues within minutes after activation via T cell receptor or CD2. Eur J Immunol 1989; 19:2183-9. [PMID: 2481585 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830191202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human T cells can be activated and induced to proliferate through either the antigen-specific receptor complex (TcR-CD3) or the CD2 surface molecule. Following stimulation, both serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular protein have been demonstrated to occur. p56lck, a protein tyrosine kinase associated to the inner face of the plasma membrane, is almost exclusively expressed in lymphoid cells, especially T cells. Within minutes after activation of a human T cell-derived line (Jurkat) via stimulation of either the TcR-CD3 complex or the CD2 glycoprotein, we observed a hyperphorphosylation of p56lck. A concomitant shift to a higher molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel was also observed. Similar changes were obtained with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Tryptic phosphopeptide analysis of the hyperphosphorylated form of p56lck yielded new phosphorylated sites in serine residues and an increased tyrosine phosphorylation. These results suggest that p56lck may be intimately connected to the signaling pathway in T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Danielian
- Unité 15, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Paris, France
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18
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Allée G, Fagard R, Danielian S, Boulet I, Soula M, Fischer S. Phosphorylation of p56lck by external ATP in intact cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 162:51-7. [PMID: 2751668 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)91960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a role for extracellular ATP. In this report we show that extracellular labelled ATP crosses the plasma membrane of intact lymphoma cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes and phosphorylates p56lck a tyrosine protein kinase specific of lymphoid cells. Two other phosphoproteins of 92Kd and 35Kd become detectable on alkali treated gels. Phosphorylation occurs within minutes following addition of ATP. ATP, GTP, ADP and an ATP analog prevent phosphorylation but not AMP nor Pi; trypsinization of cells abolishes labelling. The possible involvement of P2 purinergic receptors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Allée
- Unité INSERM U15, Paris, France
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19
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Abstract
Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation plays an important role in signal transduction in T lymphocytes. In this review, Denis Alexander and Doreen Cantrell focus on the identification, regulation and functions of the kinases and phosphatases that control phosphorylation events in T cells.
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20
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Perlmutter RM, Marth JD, Ziegler SF, Garvin AM, Pawar S, Cooke MP, Abraham KM. Specialized protein tyrosine kinase proto-oncogenes in hematopoietic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 948:245-62. [PMID: 2465780 DOI: 10.1016/0304-419x(89)90001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Perlmutter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195
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21
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Swift AM, Davidson SO, Berger AE. Phosphorylation of a Mr 70,000 protein is associated with interleukin 2 receptor expression. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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22
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Boulet I, Fagard R, Fischer S. Correlation between phosphorylation and kinase activity of a tyrosine protein kinase: p56lck. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 149:56-64. [PMID: 3318838 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
P56lck is the product of a cellular oncogene highly expressed in lymphoid cells. Tyrosine kinase activity was measured by using an exogenous substrate: polyamino acid glutamic acid-tyrosine (4:1) (PGT). Different levels of phosphorylation of p56lck were achieved by the utilisation of SH reagents and different lengths of incubation time. The phosphorylation of PGT was proportional to the level of phosphorylation of p56lck. Identical results were obtained with crude membrane preparations and with p56lck partially purified on immunecomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Boulet
- INSERM U.15, Institut de Pathologie Moléculaire, Paris, France
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