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Sohraby F, Nunes-Alves A. Characterization of the Bottlenecks and Pathways for Inhibitor Dissociation from [NiFe] Hydrogenase. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:4193-4203. [PMID: 38728115 PMCID: PMC11134402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
[NiFe] hydrogenases can act as efficient catalysts for hydrogen oxidation and biofuel production. However, some [NiFe] hydrogenases are inhibited by gas molecules present in the environment, such as O2 and CO. One strategy to engineer [NiFe] hydrogenases and achieve O2- and CO-tolerant enzymes is by introducing point mutations to block the access of inhibitors to the catalytic site. In this work, we characterized the unbinding pathways of CO in the complex with the wild-type and 10 different mutants of [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio fructosovorans using τ-random accelerated molecular dynamics (τRAMD) to enhance the sampling of unbinding events. The ranking provided by the relative residence times computed with τRAMD is in agreement with experiments. Extensive data analysis of the simulations revealed that from the two bottlenecks proposed in previous studies for the transit of gas molecules (residues 74 and 122 and residues 74 and 476), only one of them (residues 74 and 122) effectively modulates diffusion and residence times for CO. We also computed pathway probabilities for the unbinding of CO, O2, and H2 from the wild-type [NiFe] hydrogenase, and we observed that while the most probable pathways are the same, the secondary pathways are different. We propose that introducing mutations to block the most probable paths, in combination with mutations to open the main secondary path used by H2, can be a feasible strategy to achieve CO and O2 resistance in the [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio fructosovorans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Sohraby
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariane Nunes-Alves
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Maia LB, Maiti BK, Moura I, Moura JJG. Selenium-More than Just a Fortuitous Sulfur Substitute in Redox Biology. Molecules 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 38202704 PMCID: PMC10779653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms use selenium mainly in the form of selenocysteine in the active site of oxidoreductases. Here, selenium's unique chemistry is believed to modulate the reaction mechanism and enhance the catalytic efficiency of specific enzymes in ways not achievable with a sulfur-containing cysteine. However, despite the fact that selenium/sulfur have different physicochemical properties, several selenoproteins have fully functional cysteine-containing homologues and some organisms do not use selenocysteine at all. In this review, selected selenocysteine-containing proteins will be discussed to showcase both situations: (i) selenium as an obligatory element for the protein's physiological function, and (ii) selenium presenting no clear advantage over sulfur (functional proteins with either selenium or sulfur). Selenium's physiological roles in antioxidant defence (to maintain cellular redox status/hinder oxidative stress), hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and repair (maintain genetic stability) will be also highlighted, as well as selenium's role in human health. Formate dehydrogenases, hydrogenases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and iodothyronine deiodinases will be herein featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - Biplab K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - José J. G. Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
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Greening C, Kropp A, Vincent K, Grinter R. Developing high-affinity, oxygen-insensitive [NiFe]-hydrogenases as biocatalysts for energy conversion. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1921-1933. [PMID: 37743798 PMCID: PMC10657181 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The splitting of hydrogen (H2) is an energy-yielding process, which is important for both biological systems and as a means of providing green energy. In biology, this reaction is mediated by enzymes called hydrogenases, which utilise complex nickel and iron cofactors to split H2 and transfer the resulting electrons to an electron-acceptor. These [NiFe]-hydrogenases have received considerable attention as catalysts in fuel cells, which utilise H2 to produce electrical current. [NiFe]-hydrogenases are a promising alternative to the platinum-based catalysts that currently predominate in fuel cells due to the abundance of nickel and iron, and the resistance of some family members to inhibition by gases, including carbon monoxide, which rapidly poison platinum-based catalysts. However, the majority of characterised [NiFe]-hydrogenases are inhibited by oxygen (O2), limiting their activity and stability. We recently reported the isolation and characterisation of the [NiFe]-hydrogenase Huc from Mycobacterium smegmatis, which is insensitive to inhibition by O2 and has an extremely high affinity, making it capable of oxidising H2 in air to below atmospheric concentrations. These properties make Huc a promising candidate for the development of enzyme-based fuel cells (EBFCs), which utilise H2 at low concentrations and in impure gas mixtures. In this review, we aim to provide context for the use of Huc for this purpose by discussing the advantages of [NiFe]-hydrogenases as catalysts and their deployment in fuel cells. We also address the challenges associated with using [NiFe]-hydrogenases for this purpose, and how these might be overcome to develop EBFCs that can be deployed at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Carbon Utilisation and Recycling, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Kropp
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kylie Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Rhys Grinter
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Centre for Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Weiner I, Shahar N, Feldman Y, Landman S, Milrad Y, Ben-Zvi O, Avitan M, Dafni E, Schweitzer S, Eilenberg H, Atar S, Diament A, Tuller T, Yacoby I. Overcoming the expression barrier of the ferredoxin‑hydrogenase chimera in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii supports a linear increment in photosynthetic hydrogen output. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Metabolic response of Clostridium ljungdahlii to oxygen exposure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:8379-91. [PMID: 26431975 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02491-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium ljungdahlii is an important synthesis gas-fermenting bacterium used in the biofuels industry, and a preliminary investigation showed that it has some tolerance to oxygen when cultured in rich mixotrophic medium. Batch cultures not only continue to grow and consume H2, CO, and fructose after 8% O2 exposure, but fermentation product analysis revealed an increase in ethanol concentration and decreased acetate concentration compared to non-oxygen-exposed cultures. In this study, the mechanisms for higher ethanol production and oxygen/reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification were identified using a combination of fermentation, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) differential expression, and enzyme activity analyses. The results indicate that the higher ethanol and lower acetate concentrations were due to the carboxylic acid reductase activity of a more highly expressed predicted aldehyde oxidoreductase (CLJU_c24130) and that C. ljungdahlii's primary defense upon oxygen exposure is a predicted rubrerythrin (CLJU_c39340). The metabolic responses of higher ethanol production and oxygen/ROS detoxification were found to be linked by cofactor management and substrate and energy metabolism. This study contributes new insights into the physiology and metabolism of C. ljungdahlii and provides new genetic targets to generate C. ljungdahlii strains that produce more ethanol and are more tolerant to syngas contaminants.
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Vedha SA, Velmurugan G, Jagadeesan R, Venuvanalingam P. Insights from the computational studies on the oxidized as-isolated state of [NiFeSe] hydrogenase from D. vulgaris Hildenborough. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26205195 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A density functional theory study of the active site structure and features of the oxygen tolerant [NiFeSe] Hase in the oxidized as-isolated state of the enzyme D. vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) is reported here. The three conformers reported to be present in the X-ray structure (PDB ID: ) have been studied. The novel bidentate interchalcogen ligand (S-Se) in Conf-I of the [NiFeSe] Hase reported for the first time in hydrogenases (Hase) is found to be of donor-acceptor type with an uneven η(2) L → M σ-bond. The symmetry mismatch at the sp orbital of Se and at the dz(2) orbital of Ni has been identified to be the reason for the inability of Conf-II to convert to Conf-I. NBO analysis shows that the sulfinate ligand peculiar to the state stabilizes the active site through n →π* interactions. The results reveal that the isolated oxidized state of the [NiFeSe] Hase is significantly different from the well-known [NiFe] Hase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan Angeline Vedha
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, India.
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Greene BL, Joseph CA, Maroney MJ, Dyer RB. Direct evidence of active-site reduction and photodriven catalysis in sensitized hydrogenase assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11108-11. [PMID: 22716776 DOI: 10.1021/ja3042367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report photocatalytic H(2) production by hydrogenase (H(2)ase)-quantum dot (QD) hybrid assemblies. Quenching of the CdTe exciton emission was observed, consistent with electron transfer from the quantum dot to H(2)ase. GC analysis showed light-driven H(2) production in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor with an efficiency of 4%, which is likely a lower limit for these hybrid systems. FTIR spectroscopy was employed for direct observation of active-site reduction in unprecedented detail for photodriven H(2)ase catalysis with sensitivity toward both H(2)ase and the sacrificial electron donor. Photosensitization with Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) showed distinct FTIR photoreduction properties, generating all of the states along the steady-state catalytic cycle with minimal H(2) production, indicating slow, sequential one-electron reduction steps. Comparing the H(2)ase activity and FTIR results for the two systems showed that QDs bind more efficiently for electron transfer and that the final enzyme state is different for the two sensitizers. The possible origins of these differences and their implications for the enzymatic mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Greene
- Chemistry Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Osz J, Bodó G, Branca RMM, Bagyinka C. Theoretical calculations on hydrogenase kinetics: explanation of the lag phase and the enzyme concentration dependence of the activity of hydrogenase uptake. Biophys J 2005; 89:1957-64. [PMID: 15951384 PMCID: PMC1366698 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two models of the hydrogenase reaction cycle were investigated by means of theoretical calculations and model simulations. The first model is the widely accepted triangular hydrogenase reaction cycle with minor modifications; the second is a modified triangular model, where we have introduced an autocatalytic step into the reaction cycle. Both models include a one-step activation reaction. The theoretical calculations and model simulations corroborate the assumed autocatalytic reaction step concluded from the experimental characteristics of the hydrogenase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Osz
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Osz J, Bagyinka C. An autocatalytic step in the reaction cycle of hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina can explain the special characteristics of the enzyme reaction. Biophys J 2005; 89:1984-9. [PMID: 15951385 PMCID: PMC1366701 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.059220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A moving front has been observed as a special pattern during the hydrogenase-catalyzed reaction of hydrogen uptake with benzyl viologen as electron acceptor in a thin-layer reaction chamber. Such fronts start spontaneously and at random times at different points of the reaction chamber; blue spheres are seen expanding at constant speed and amplitude. The number of observable starting points depends on the hydrogenase concentration. Fronts can be initiated by injecting either a small amount of completed reaction mixture or activated hydrogenase, but not by injecting a low concentration of reduced benzyl viologen. These characteristics are consistent with an autocatalytic reaction step in the enzyme reaction. The special characteristics of the hydrogen-uptake reaction in the bulk reaction (a long lag phase, and the enzyme concentration dependence of the lag phase) support the autocatalytic nature. We conclude that there is at least one autocatalytic reaction step in the hydrogenase-catalyzed reaction. The two possible autocatalytic schemes for hydrogenase are prion-type autocatalysis, in which two enzyme forms interact, and product-activation autocatalysis, where a reduced electron acceptor and an inactive enzyme form interact. The experimental results strongly support the occurrence of prion-type autocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Osz
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Bagyinka C, Osz J, Száaraz S. Autocatalytic oscillations in the early phase of the photoreduced methyl viologen-initiated fast kinetic reaction of hydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:20624-7. [PMID: 12663658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300623200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetic characteristics of the hydrogen uptake reaction of hydrogenase, obtained by conventional activity measurements, led to the proposal of an autocatalytic reaction step in the hydrogenase cycle or during the activation process. The autocatalytic behavior of an enzyme reaction may result in oscillating concentrations of enzyme intermediates and/or products contributing to the autocatalytic step. This behavior has been investigated in the early phase of the hydrogenase-methyl viologen reaction. To measure fast hydrogenase kinetics, flash-reduced methyl viologen has been used as a light-induced trigger in transient kinetic phenomena associated with intermolecular electron transfer to hydrogenase. Here we report fast kinetic measurements of the hydrogenase-methyl viologen reaction by use of the excimer laser flash-reduced redox dye. The results are evaluated on the assumption of an autocatalytic reaction in the hydrogenase kinetic cycle. The kinetic constants of the autocatalytic reaction, i.e. the methyl viologen binding to and release from hydrogenase, were determined, and limits of the kinetic constants relating to the intramolecular (intraenzyme) reactions were set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Bagyinka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box Szeged H-6701, Hungary.
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PICHINOTY F. [Inhibition by oxygen of the biosynthesis and activity of hydrogenase and hydrogenlyase in some anaerobic bacteria]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 64:111-24. [PMID: 13943284 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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UPADHYAY J, STOKES JL. TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE HYDROGENASE AND HYDROGENASE SYNTHESIS IN A PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIUM. J Bacteriol 1996; 86:992-8. [PMID: 14080812 PMCID: PMC278557 DOI: 10.1128/jb.86.5.992-998.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upadhyay, J. (Washington State University, Pullman) and J. L. Stokes. Temperature-sensitive hydrogenase and hydrogenase synthesis in a psychrophilic bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 86:992-998. 1963.-Hydrogenase and its synthesis were more heat-sensitive in psychrophilic strain 82 than in mesophilic Escherichia coli. The enzyme was not formed above 20 C by the psychrophile, whereas it was formed by E. coli and other mesophiles at 45 C. Aerobically grown cells of strain 82 do not contain hydrogenase but could be induced to form the enzyme by incubation with glucose and amino acids. Hydrogenase adaptation proceeded best at pH 8.0. The psychrophile hydrogenase was destroyed 50% by exposure to 60 C for 2 hr compared with 25% destruction of mesophile hydrogenase under the same conditions. The psychrophile hydrogenase was most active at pH 9.0, and the mesophile hydrogenase was most active at pH 10.0 or higher.
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Albracht SP. Nickel hydrogenases: in search of the active site. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1188:167-204. [PMID: 7803444 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S P Albracht
- E.C. Slater Institute, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nishihara H, Igarashi Y, Kodama T. Growth characteristics and high cell-density cultivation of a marine obligately chemolithoautotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Hydrogenovibrio marinus strain MH-110 under a continuous gas-flow system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(91)90087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Okura I, Kurabayashi K, Aono S. Regeneration of NADPH and Hydrogenation of Ketones to Alcohols with the Combination of Hydrogenase, Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase, and Alcohol Dehydrogenase. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Teixeira M, Fauque G, Moura I, Lespinat PA, Berlier Y, Prickril B, Peck HD, Xavier AV, Le Gall J, Moura JJ. Nickel-[iron-sulfur]-selenium-containing hydrogenases from Desulfovibrio baculatus (DSM 1743). Redox centers and catalytic properties. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 167:47-58. [PMID: 3040402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio baculatus (DSM 1743) was purified from each of three different fractions: soluble periplasmic (wash), soluble cytoplasmic (cell disruption) and membrane-bound (detergent solubilization). Plasma-emission metal analysis detected in all three fractions the presence of iron plus nickel and selenium in equimolecular amounts. These hydrogenases were shown to be composed of two non-identical subunits and were distinct with respect to their spectroscopic properties. The EPR spectra of the native (as isolated) enzymes showed very weak isotropic signals centered around g approximately 2.0 when observed at low temperature (below 20 K). The periplasmic and membrane-bound enzymes also presented additional EPR signals, observable up to 77 K, with g greater than 2.0 and assigned to nickel(III). The periplasmic hydrogenase exhibited EPR features at 2.20, 2.06 and 2.0. The signals observed in the membrane-bound preparations could be decomposed into two sets with g at 2.34, 2.16 and approximately 2.0 (component I) and at 2.33, 2.24, and approximately 2.0 (component II). In the reduced state, after exposure to an H2 atmosphere, all the hydrogenase fractions gave identical EPR spectra. EPR studies, performed at different temperatures and microwave powers, and in samples partially and fully reduced (under hydrogen or dithionite), allowed the identification of two different iron-sulfur centers: center I (2.03, 1.89 and 1.86) detectable below 10 K, and center II (2.06, 1.95 and 1.88) which was easily saturated at low temperatures. Additional EPR signals due to transient nickel species were detected with g greater than 2.0, and a rhombic EPR signal at 77 K developed at g 2.20, 2.16 and 2.0. This EPR signal is reminiscent of the Ni-signal C (g at 2.19, 2.14 and 2.02) observed in intermediate redox states of the well characterized Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase (Teixeira et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 8942]. During the course of a redox titration at pH 7.6 using H2 gas as reductant, this signal attained a maximal intensity around -320 mV. Low-temperature studies of samples at redox states where this rhombic signal develops (10 K or lower) revealed the presence of a fast-relaxing complex EPR signal with g at 2.25, 2.22, 2.15, 2.12, 2.10 and broad components at higher field. The soluble hydrogenase fractions did not show a time-dependent activation but the membrane-bound form required such a step in order to express full activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Rosenkrans AM, Krasna AI. Stimulation of hydrogen photoproduction in algae by removal of oxygen by reagents that combine reversibly with oxygen. Biotechnol Bioeng 1984; 26:1334-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260261111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Rosenkrans AM, Rosen MM, Krasna AI. Effect of oxygen removal on hydrogen photoproduction in algae. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983; 25:1897-904. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260250716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Krab K, Oltmann L, Stouthamer A. Reduction of oxygen by hydrogen in cells of anaerobically grown Proteus mirabilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Lien S, Pietro AS. Effect of uncouplers on anaerobic adaptation of hydrogenase activity in C reinhardtii. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 103:139-47. [PMID: 7032520 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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23
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Schink B, Probst I. Competitive inhibition of the membrane-bound hydrogenase of Alcaligenes eutrophus by molecular oxygen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 95:1563-9. [PMID: 7417333 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(80)80076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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24
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Rosen MM, Krasna AI. LIMITING REACTIONS IN HYDROGEN PHOTOPRODUCTION BY CHLOROPLASTS AND HYDROGENASE. Photochem Photobiol 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1980.tb03715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Lim ST, Shanmugam KT. Regulation of hydrogen utilisation in Rhizobium japonicum by cyclic AMP. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1979; 584:479-92. [PMID: 222344 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(79)90121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Utilisation (uptake) of hydrogen gas by whole cells of Rhizobium japonicum was found to be influenced by the carbon source(s) present in the growth medium, with activity being highest in a medium containing sugars. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as malate, significantly reduced H2 utilisation. No reduction in the hydrogenase activity is observed when the enzyme is assayed directly by the tritium exchange method, indicating that the decrease in hydrogen uptake activity is not due to repression of hydrogenase biosynthesis. Cyclic AMP was found to alleviate the inhibition of H2 uptake by malate, and this requires new protein synthesis. Addition of chloramphenicol or rifampicin simultaneously with cyclic AMP eliminated the stimulation of H2 uptake in the malate medium. These results show that in R. japonicum cyclic AMP plays a major role in the regulation of H2 metabolism.
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Pow T, Krasna AI. Photoproduction of hydrogen from water in hydrogenase-containing algae. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 194:413-21. [PMID: 443812 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Erbes DL, Burris RH. The kinetics of methyl viologen oxidation and reduction by the hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 525:45-54. [PMID: 28770 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism for the reduction and oxidation of methyl viologen by Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase (hydrogen:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, EC 1.12.7.1) is proposed. Double reciprocal plots for methyl viologen reduction and oxidation at pH values 7.0-9.85 are linear, and the plots for reduction and oxidation are intersecting. Such data are consistent with a mechanism in which the H2 and one methyl viologen bind (either in order or randomly) with subsequent reduction and release of the methyl viologen. A second methyl viologen then is bound, reduced and released. Comparison of the calculated Keq' with the Haldane expression in which both methyl viologens react at the same rate show a large difference. This difference indicates that the two methyl viologens react at different rates. Addition of oxidized electron carriers inhibits the hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction (i.e., the exchange of protons between H2 and 2H2O). CO reversibly inhibits methyl viologen reduction and is competitive vs. H2. O2 acts as an irreversible inhibitor.
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Peterson RB, Burris RH. Hydrogen metabolism in isolated heterocysts of Anabaena 7120. Arch Microbiol 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00406027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schneider K, Schlegel HG. Purification and properties of soluble hydrogenase from Alcaligenes eutrophus H 16. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 452:66-80. [PMID: 186126 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(76)90058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The soluble hydrogenase (hydrogen: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.12.1.2) from Alcaligenes eutrophus H 16 was purified 68-fold with a yield of 20% and a final specific activity (NAD reduction) of about 54 mumol H2 oxidized/min per mg protein. The enzyme was shown to be homogenous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight and isoelectric point were determined to be 205 000 and 4.85 respectively. The oxidized hydrogenase, as purified under aerobic conditions, was of high stability but not reactive. Reductive activation of the enzyme by H2, in the presence of catalytic amounts of NADH, or by reducing agents caused the hydrogenase to become unstable. The purified enzyme, in its active state, was able to reduce NAD, FMN, FAD, menaquinone, ubiquinone, cytochrome c, methylene blue, methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, phenazine methosulfate, janus green, 2,6-dichlorophenoloindophenol, ferricyanide and even oxygen. In addition to hydrogenase activitiy, the enzyme exhibited also diaphorase and NAD(P)H oxidase activity. The reversibility of hydrogenase function (i.e. H2 evolution from NADH, methyl viologen and benzyl viologen) was demonstrated. With respect to H2 as substrate, hydrogenase showed negative cooperativity; the Hill coefficient was n = 0.4. The apparent Km value for H2 was found to be 0.037 mM. The absorption spectrum of hydrogenase was typical for non-heme iron proteins, showing maxima (shoulders) at 380 and 420 nm. A flavin component could be extracted from native hydrogenase characterized by its absorption bands at 375 and 447 nm and a strong fluorescense at 526 nm.
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Chen JS, Mortenson LE, Palmer G. The iron-sulfur centers and the function of hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1976; 74:68-82. [PMID: 183483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3270-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenase from C. pasteurianum is an iron-sulfur protein containing at least two tetrameric iron-sulfur centers. Information on the structure of the remaining iron atoms must await future investigation. Although the EPR spectra of dithionite-reduced hydrogenase and eight-iron Fd showed some similarity, the CD spectra clearly indicated a difference. The tetrameric iron-sulfur centers of hydrogenase were shown to undergo redox changes when hydrogenase was oxidized or reduced. However, no evidence is now available to support a role for the tetrameric Fe-S centers, responsible for the EPR spectrum A, as the primary site for H2 binding and activation. Because we have found that the [Fe4S4(SR)4]-containing ferredoxins do not have hydrogenase activity, it is conceivable that the additional iron atoms and/or certain amino acid residues of hydrogenase also contribute to the unique catalytic properties of this enzyme. Chemical synthesis of Fe-S clusters with different peptide environments and with hydrogenase function would lead to the identification of these functional groups. X-ray diffraction studies on hydrogenase will certainly complement the other approaches. Knowledge of the structure of the active site of hydrogenase will certainly accelerate research into: (1) the synthesis of a stable catalyst to replace hydrogenase in systems designed to produce H2 by coupling this catalyst to a photoreducing system; and (2) the elucidation of the active sites of more complicated iron-sulfur enzymes such as nitrogenase.
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Aggag M, Schlegel HG. Studies on a gram-positive hydrogen bacterium, Nocardia opaca 1 b. III. Purification, stability and some properties of the soluble hydrogen dehydrogenase. Arch Microbiol 1974; 100:25-39. [PMID: 4374147 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Evidence for the involvement of non-heme iron in the active site of hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - BIOENERGETICS 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(71)90222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schengrund C, Krasna AI. Purification and properties of the light-activated hydrogenase of Proteus vulgaris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 185:332-7. [PMID: 5808699 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(69)90426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Feigenblum E, Krasna AI. Evolution of hydrogen gas from nicotinamide nucleotides by Proteus vulgaris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 141:250-9. [PMID: 4382999 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(67)90098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gingras G, Goldsby RA, Calvin M. Carbon dioxide metabolism in hydrogen-adapted Scenedesmus. Arch Biochem Biophys 1963. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(63)90059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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PECK HD, GEST H. Formic dehydrogenase and the hydrogenlyase enzyme complex in coli-aerogenes bacteria. J Bacteriol 1957; 73:706-21. [PMID: 13449036 PMCID: PMC289855 DOI: 10.1128/jb.73.6.706-721.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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PACKER L, VISHNIAC W. Chemosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide and characteristics of hydrogenase in resting cell suspensions of Hydrogenomonas ruhlandii nov. spec. J Bacteriol 1955; 70:216-23. [PMID: 13251989 PMCID: PMC357665 DOI: 10.1128/jb.70.2.216-223.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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[152] Assay and properties of hydrogenases. Methods Enzymol 1955. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(55)02316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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