1
|
Bauwe H. Photorespiration - Rubisco's repair crew. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153899. [PMID: 36566670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of chloroplasts. These prokaryotes developed the capacity for oxygenic photosynthesis, i.e. the use of water as a source of electrons and protons (with O2 as a by-product) for the sunlight-driven synthesis of ATP and NADPH for CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle. However, the CO2-binding enzyme, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (known under the acronym Rubisco), is not absolutely selective for CO2 and can also use O2 in a side reaction. It then produces 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), the accumulation of which would inhibit and potentially stop the Calvin cycle and subsequently photosynthetic electron transport. Photorespiration removes the 2-PG and in this way prevents oxygenic photosynthesis from poisoning itself. In plants, the core of photorespiration consists of ten enzymes distributed over three different types of organelles, requiring interorganellar transport and interaction with several auxiliary enzymes. It goes together with the release and to some extent loss of freshly fixed CO2. This disadvantageous feature can be suppressed by CO2-concentrating mechanisms, such as those that evolved in C4 plants thirty million years ago, which enhance CO2 fixation and reduce 2PG synthesis. Photorespiration itself provided a pioneer variant of such mechanisms in the predecessors of C4 plants, C3-C4 intermediate plants. This article is a review and update particularly on the enzyme components of plant photorespiration and their catalytic mechanisms, on the interaction of photorespiration with other metabolism and on its impact on the evolution of photosynthesis. This focus was chosen because a better knowledge of the enzymes involved and how they are embedded in overall plant metabolism can facilitate the targeted use of the now highly advanced methods of metabolic network modelling and flux analysis. Understanding photorespiration more than before as a process that enables, rather than reduces, plant photosynthesis, will help develop rational strategies for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Ullah S, Hu S, Zhang X. Investigation and Separation of Chromogenic Substances in Glyoxylic Acid Generated by Electrochemical Reduction of Oxalic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Siraj Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shuozhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The determination of enzyme activities in organ or organellar extracts is an important means of investigating metabolic networks and allows testing the success of enzyme-targeted genetic engineering. It also delivers information on intrinsic enzyme parameters such as kinetic properties or impact of effector molecules. This chapter provides protocols on how to assess activities of the enzymes of the core photorespiratory pathway, from 2-phosphoglycolate phosphatase to glycerate 3-kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brikis CJ, Zarei A, Trobacher CP, DeEll JR, Akama K, Mullen RT, Bozzo GG, Shelp BJ. Ancient Plant Glyoxylate/Succinic Semialdehyde Reductases: GLYR1s Are Cytosolic, Whereas GLYR2s Are Localized to Both Mitochondria and Plastids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:601. [PMID: 28484477 PMCID: PMC5399074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant NADPH-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (GLYR1 and GLYR2) are considered to be involved in detoxifying harmful aldehydes, thereby preserving plant health during exposure to various abiotic stresses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two GLYR isoforms appeared in the plant lineage prior to the divergence of the Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, which occurred approximately 750 million years ago. Green fluorescent protein fusions of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana [L.] Heynh GLYRs were transiently expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) suspension cells or Arabidopsis protoplasts, as well in methoxyfenozide-induced, stably transformed Arabidopsis seedlings. The localization of apple GLYR1 confirmed that this isoform is cytosolic, whereas apple, rice and Arabidopsis GLYR2s were localized to both mitochondria and plastids. These findings highlight the potential involvement of GLYRs within distinct compartments of the plant cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adel Zarei
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer R. DeEll
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs, SimcoeON, Canada
| | - Kazuhito Akama
- Department of Biological Science, Shimane UniversityMatsue, Japan
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | - Gale G. Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Barry J. Shelp,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoover GJ, Jørgensen R, Rochon A, Bajwa VS, Merrill AR, Shelp BJ. Identification of catalytically important amino acid residues for enzymatic reduction of glyoxylate in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2663-71. [PMID: 24076009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NADPH-dependent glyoxylate reductases from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGLYR) convert both glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde into their corresponding hydroxyacid equivalents. The primary sequence of cytosolic AtGLYR1 reveals several sequence elements that are consistent with the β-HAD (β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase) protein family, whose members include 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, tartronate semialdehyde reductase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Here, site-directed mutagenesis was utilized to identify catalytically important amino acid residues for glyoxylate reduction in AtGLYR1. Kinetic studies and binding assays established that Lys170 is essential for catalysis, Phe231, Asp239, Ser121 and Thr95 are more important in substrate binding than in catalysis, and Asn174 is more important in catalysis. The low activity of the mutant enzymes precluded kinetic studies with succinic semialdehyde. The crystal structure of AtGLYR1 in the absence of substrate was solved to 2.1Å by molecular replacement using a previously unrecognized member of the β-HAD family, cytokine-like nuclear factor, thereby enabling the 3-D structure of the protein to be modeled with substrate and co-factor. Structural alignment of AtGLYR1 with β-HAD family members provided support for the essentiality of Lys170, Phe173, Asp239, Ser121, Asn174 and Thr95 in the active site and preliminary support for an acid/base catalytic mechanism involving Lys170 as the general acid and a conserved active-site water molecule. This information established that AtGLYR1 is a member of the β-HAD protein family. Sequence and activity comparisons indicated that AtGLYR1 and the plastidial AtGLYR2 possess structural features that are absent in Arabidopsis hydroxypyruvate reductases and probably account for their stronger preference for glyoxylate over hydroxypyruvate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Hoover
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Degradation of glyoxylate and glycolate with ATP synthesis by a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, Moorella sp. strain HUC22-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 74:1447-52. [PMID: 18083850 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01421-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermophilic homoacetogenic bacterium Moorella sp. strain HUC22-1 ferments glyoxylate to acetate roughly according to the reaction 2 glyoxylate --> acetate + 2 CO(2). A batch culture with glyoxylate and yeast extract yielded 11.7 g per mol of cells per substrate, which was much higher than that obtained with H(2) plus CO(2). Crude extracts of glyoxylate-grown cells catalyzed the ADP- and NADP-dependent condensation of glyoxylate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to pyruvate and CO(2) and converted pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), which are the key reactions of the malyl-CoA pathway. ATP generation was also detected during the key enzyme reactions of this pathway. Furthermore, this bacterium consumed l-malate, an intermediate in the malyl-CoA pathway, and produced acetate. These findings suggest that Moorella sp. strain HUC22-1 can generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation during glyoxylate catabolism through the malyl-CoA pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Tsiafoulis CG, Prodromidis MI, Karayannis MI. Development of amperometric biosensors for the determination of glycolic acid in real samples. Anal Chem 2002; 74:132-9. [PMID: 11795781 DOI: 10.1021/ac0106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first enzyme-based biosensors capable of determining glycolic acid in various complex matrixes, such as cosmetics, instant coffee, and urine, are presented in this paper. Two separate designs, both based on a three-membrane configuration consisting of an inner cellulose acetate membrane (CA) and an outer polycarbonate membrane (PC), which sandwich a membrane bearing the biomolecule(s), are proposed. Glycolate oxidase was immobilized onto a modified polyethersulfonate membrane by means of chemical bonding, and glycolate oxidase/catalase enzyme mixture was immobilized into a mixed-ester cellulose acetate membrane through physical adsorption. The membrane assemblies were mounted on an amperometric flow cell (hydrogen peroxide detection at a platinum anode poised at +0.65 V vs Ag/AgCl/3 KCl) or on an oxygen electrode, respectively. Both configurations were optimized with respect to various working parameters. The proposed biosensors are interference-free to common electroactive species and were successfully applied for the determination of glycolic acid in various samples, showing an excellent agreement with a reference photometric method. The validity of the proposed method in samples, in which the reference method was not applicable, was tested with recovery studies. Values of 102 +/- % were obtained. Inherent interference of oxalic acid was manipulated by using a primary amine-containing buffer and the enzyme catalase. Both systems were designed in order to be compatible with the current technology of the most widely used commercial analyzers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
A novel plant tissue-based chemiluminescence (CL) biosensor for glycolic acid combined with flow injection analysis is proposed in this paper. The spinach tissue acts as the molecular recognition element. Glycolic acid is oxidized by oxygen under the catalysis of glycolate oxidase in the tissue column to produce hydrogen peroxide, which can react with luminol in the presence of peroxidase of spinach tissue to generate a CL signal. The CL emission intensity was linear with glycolic acid concentration in the range of 4 x 10(-3)-4 x 10(-6) mol/L and the detection limit was 1.3 x 10(-6) mol/L. The biosensor was stable for about 3 weeks. A complete analysis, including sampling and washing, could be performed in 1.5 min with a relative standard deviation of 1.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gavagan JE, Fager SK, Seip JE, Clark DS, Payne MS, Anton DL, DiCosimo R. Chemoenzymic Synthesis of N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John E. Gavagan
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Susan K. Fager
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - John E. Seip
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Dawn S. Clark
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Mark S. Payne
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - David L. Anton
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Robert DiCosimo
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
An amperometric bi-enzyme sensor for glycolic acid determination based on spinach tissue and ferrocene-mediation. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)80332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Oliver MJ, Ferguson DL, Burke JJ, Velten J. Inhibition of tobacco NADH-hydroxypyruvate reductase by expression of a heterologous antisense RNA derived from a cucumber cDNA: implications for the mechanism of action of antisense RNAs. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1993; 239:425-34. [PMID: 8316213 DOI: 10.1007/bf00276941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco plants were genetically transformed to generate antisense RNA from a gene construct comprised of a full-length cucumber NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) cDNA placed in reverse orientation between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a nopaline synthase termination/polyadenylation signal sequence. In vivo accumulation of antisense HPR RNA within eight independent transgenic tobacco plants resulted in reductions of up to 50% in both native HPR activity and protein accumulation relative to untransformed tobacco plants (mean transgenote HPR activity = 67% wild type, mean transgenote HPR protein = 63% wild type). However, in contrast to previous reports describing antisense RNA effects in plants, production of the heterologous HPR antisense RNA did not systematically reduce levels of native tobacco HPR mRNA (mean transgenote HPR mRNA level = 135% wild type). Simple regression comparison of the steady-state levels of tobacco HPR mRNA to those of HPR antisense RNA showed a weak positive correlation (r value of 0.548, n = 9; n is wild type control plus eight independent transformants; significant at 85% confidence level), supporting the conclusion that native mRNA levels were not reduced within antisense plants. Although all transgenic antisense plants examined displayed an apparent reduction in both tobacco HPR protein and enzyme activity, there is no clear correlation between HPR activity and the amount of either sense (r = 0.267, n = 9) or antisense RNA (r = 0.175, n = 9). This compares to a weak positive correlation between HPR mRNA levels and the amount of HPR activity observed in wild-type SR1 tobacco plants (r = 0.603, n = 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Oliver
- United States Department of Agriculture, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, Texas 79401
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gietl C. Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes: cellular locations and role in the flow of metabolites between the cytoplasm and cell organelles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1100:217-34. [PMID: 1610875 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90476-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenases belong to the most active enzymes in glyoxysomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts and the cytosol. In this review, the properties and the role of the isoenzymes in different compartments of the cell are compared, with emphasis on molecular biological aspects. Structure and function of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from plants, mammalian cells and ascomycetes (yeast, Neurospora) are considered. Significant information on evolutionary aspects and characterisation of functional domains of the enzymes emanates from bacterial malate and lactate dehydrogenases modified by protein engineering. The review endeavours to give up-to-date information on the biogenesis and intracellular targeting of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes as well as enzymes cooperating with them in the flow of metabolites of a given pathway and organelle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gietl
- Institute of Botany, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Friedrich M, Schink B. Fermentative degradation of glyoxylate by a new strictly anaerobic bacterium. Arch Microbiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00248716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
Greenler JM, Sloan JS, Schwartz BW, Becker WM. Isolation, characterization and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA clone encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase from cucumber. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1989; 13:139-50. [PMID: 2519111 DOI: 10.1007/bf00016133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), a photorespiratory enzyme localized in leaf peroxisomes, was isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library made by reverse transcription of poly(A)+ RNA from cucumber cotyledons. In vitro transcription and translation of this clone yielded a major polypeptide which was identical in size, 43 kDA, to the product of in vitro translation of cotyledonary poly(A)+ RNA and subsequent immunoprecipitation with HPR antiserum. Escherichia coli cultures transformed with a plasmid construct containing the cDNA insert were induced to express HPR enzyme activity. RNA blot analysis showed that HPR transcript levels rise significantly in the first eight days of light-grown seedling development. This closely resembles the pattern seen for HPR-specific translatable mRNA. DNA blot analysis indicated that a single HPR gene is likely present per haploid genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1146 bases which encodes a polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 41.7 kDa. The derived amino acid sequence from this open reading frame is 26% identical and 50% similar to the amino acid sequence of the E. coli enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes a similar reaction and functions in a related pathway. Statistical analyses show that this similarity is significant (z greater than 10). The derived amino acid sequence for HPR also contains the characteristics of an NAD-binding domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Greenler
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Husic DW, Tolbert NE. NADH:hydroxypyruvate reductase and NADPH:glyoxylate reductase in algae: partial purification and characterization from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Arch Biochem Biophys 1987; 252:396-408. [PMID: 3545081 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate reductase activities were measured in extracts from the unicellular green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella miniata, and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Only trace levels of these activities were detectable in the blue-green algae, Anabaena variabilis and Synechococcus leopoliensis. A NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase was purified 130-fold from Chlamydomonas to a specific activity of 18 mumol NADH oxidized X min-1 X mg protein-1. The pH optimum was 5.0 to 7.0 in the presence of phosphate and the Km(hydroxypyruvate) was 0.05 mM. Substrate inhibition by hydroxypyruvate could be partially relieved by phosphate. The molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, was 96,000. NADH-dependent glyoxylate reductase activity copurified with the hydroxypyruvate reductase. The Km(glyoxylate) was 10 mM, and the pH optimum was 4.5 to 8.5. A specific NADPH:glyoxylate reductase was also partially purified which did not reduce hydroxypyruvate or pyruvate. The NADPH:glyoxylate reductase had a Km(glyoxylate) of 0.1 mM and a pH optimum of 5.0 to 9.5. These reductases were compared with the pyruvate reductase of Chlamydomonas which also catalyzes the reduction of both hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate.
Collapse
|
17
|
Asker H, Davies D. Purification of rat liver enzymes involved in the oxidation of glyoxylate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 761:103-8. [PMID: 6357283 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(83)90367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of Sepharose aminohexyl oxamate for the purification of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase is described. The kinetics of both enzymes are reported in relation to their possible roles in the production of oxalate. A model is proposed in which glycolate oxidase in the peroxisomes and lactate dehydrogenase in the cytosol cooperate in the production of oxalate.
Collapse
|
18
|
Betsche T, Bosbach K, Gerhardt B. L-lactate dehydrogenase from leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med. : I. Identification and partial characterization. PLANTA 1979; 146:567-574. [PMID: 24318328 DOI: 10.1007/bf00388833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/1979] [Accepted: 05/08/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration an enzyme preparation which catalyzed NAD(+)-dependent L-lactate oxidation (10(-4) kat kg(-1) protein), as well as NADH-dependent pyruvate reduction (10(-3) kat kg(-1) protein), was obtained from leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris. This lactate dehydrogenase activity was not due to an unspecific activity of either glycolate oxidase, glycolate dehydrogenase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, or a malate oxidizing enzyme. These enzymes could be separated from the protein displaying lactate dehydrogenase activity by gel filtration and electrophoresis and distinguished from it by their known properties. The enzyme under consideration does not oxidize D-lactate, and reduces pyruvate to L-lactate (the configuration of which was determined using highly specific animal L-lactate dehydrogenase). Based on these results the studied Capsella leaf enzyme is classified as L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). It has a Km value of 0.25 mmol l(-1) (pH 7.0, 0.3 mmol l(-1) NADH) for pyruvate and of 13 mmol l(-1) (pH 7.8, 3 mmol l(-1) NAD(+)) for L-lactate. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was also detected in the leaves of several other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Betsche
- Botanisches Institut der Universität, Schloßgarten 3, D-4400, Münster, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grodzinski B, Colman B. The effect of osmotic stress on the oxidation of glycolate by the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. PLANTA 1975; 124:125-133. [PMID: 24435229 DOI: 10.1007/bf00384754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/1975] [Accepted: 03/13/1975] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anacystis nidulans Richt. was shown to assimilate glycolic acid, and uptake was light-stimulated. In the dark 90% of the glycolate taken up was oxidised to CO2. Both light and dark uptake was completely inhibited by α-hydroxysulphonates but was unaffected by isonicotinyl hydrazide. 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) reduced the rate of light uptake but not to the uptake level of the dark control. Subjecting the algal cells to osmotic stress by incubation in 0.6 M mannitol for 1 h, which reduces the photosynthetic activity of this alga, causes an 80% reduction in both light and dark glycolate uptake although the uptake of glyoxylate, formate, acetate, and glycine is not markedly affected. Osmotic stress had no effect on the uptake and metabolism of glycolate by Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngbye) Bred. and Oscillatoria sp. The activity of glycolate dehydrogenase in Anacystis was also reduced by osmotic shock while the activity of other enzymes was unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Grodzinski
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, M3J 1P3, Downsview(Toronto), Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
TOLBERT N. Glycolate Biosynthesis* *Supported in part by NSF grant GB 32040X. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152807-2.50009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
21
|
[65] Isolation of leaf peroxisomes. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)23141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
22
|
Tolbert N, Yamazaki R, Oeser A. Localization and Properties of Hydroxypyruvate and Glyoxylate Reductases in Spinach Leaf Particles. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
Tolbert NE, Yamazaki RK. Leaf peroxisomes and their relation to photorespiration and photosynthesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1969; 168:325-41. [PMID: 5270941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb43119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Thompson CM, Whittingham CP. Glycollate metabolism in photosynthesising tissue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 153:260-9. [PMID: 5638395 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(68)90168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
30
|
Merrett MJ, Goulding KH. Glycollate formation during the photoassimilation of acetate by Chlorella. PLANTA 1967; 75:275-278. [PMID: 24549310 DOI: 10.1007/bf00386326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/1967] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When (3)H-(14)C-acetate was supplied to Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the light, glycollic acid became rapidly labelled with tritium and (14)C. The [Formula: see text]ratio of glycollate was 10, whilst the ratio was 4 in the acetate added. Both (3)H and (14)C from acetate were present in glycollate before they were present in Calvin cycle intermediates, so that glycollate was not formed as a C2-fragment from the Calvin cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Merrett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bradford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Homann P, Gaffron H. PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND METAL CATALYSIS: STUDIES ON A FLAVIN SENSITIZED: OXIDATION OF ASCORBATE. Photochem Photobiol 1964. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1964.tb08170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
FREDERICK EW, RABKIN MT, RICHIE RH, SMITH LH. STUDIES ON PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA. I. IN VIVO DEMONSTRATION OF A DEFECT IN GLYOXYLATE METABOLISM. N Engl J Med 1963; 269:821-9. [PMID: 14052264 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196310172691601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
When roots of tomato plants are infected with Fusarium, systemic changes are induced in the activities of glycolic acid oxidase and glyoxylic reductase of the leaves. A marked decrease in glycolic acid oxidase activity is apparent 8–16 days after inoculation when the leaves show chlorotic symptoms. The depressed activity of this enzyme is due to a general decrease in the concentration of its flavin coenzyme, FMN. Both FMN and FAD begin to decrease after 8 days. On the other hand glyoxylic acid reductase shows an increased activity 20 days after infection. These alterations in enzymic activity result in a twofold accumulation of glycolic acid 20 days after infection even though the fungus is never present in the leaves.
Collapse
|
34
|
Franke W, Jilge G, Eichhorn G. Zum enzymatischen Umsatz von C2-S�uren durch Mikroorganismen. Arch Microbiol 1961. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00406530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Respiration and Cellular Work and the Regulation of the Respiration Rate in Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1957. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4832-0002-6.50010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
41
|
LIEBERMAN H, RAMSTAD E, CHRISTIAN JE. Study of glycolic acid metabolism in Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION 1956; 45:295-300. [PMID: 13319114 DOI: 10.1002/jps.3030450507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
42
|
Zelitch I. THE ISOLATION AND ACTION OF CRYSTALLINE GLYOXYLIC ACID REDUCTASE FROM TOBACCO LEAVES. J Biol Chem 1955. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
43
|
|
44
|
Recent Studies on Plant Mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1955. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
45
|
|
46
|
|
47
|
Stafford HA, Magaldi A, Vennesland B. THE ENZYMATIC REDUCTION OF HYDROXYPYRUVIC ACID TO d-GLYCERIC ACID IN HIGHER PLANTS. J Biol Chem 1954. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
48
|
SINGER TP, KEARNEY EB. Chemistry metabolism, and scope of action of the pyridine nucleotide coenzymes. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED SUBJECTS OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1954; 15:79-139. [PMID: 13158178 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122600.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
|