1
|
Modification of N-terminal α-amine of proteins via biomimetic ortho-quinone-mediated oxidation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2257. [PMID: 33859198 PMCID: PMC8050078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally abundant quinones are important molecules, which play essential roles in various biological processes due to their reduction potential. In contrast to their universality, the investigation of reactions between quinones and proteins remains sparse. Herein, we report the development of a convenient strategy to protein modification via a biomimetic quinone-mediated oxidation at the N-terminus. By exploiting unique reactivity of an ortho-quinone reagent, the α-amine of protein N-terminus is oxidized to generate aldo or keto handle for orthogonal conjugation. The applications have been demonstrated using a range of proteins, including myoglobin, ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO2). The effect of this method is further highlighted via the preparation of a series of 17 macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) analogs, followed by preliminary anti-HIV activity and cell viability assays, respectively. This method offers an efficient and complementary approach to existing strategies for N-terminal modification of proteins. Methods for selective modification of the N-terminus of proteins are of high interest, but mostly require specific amino acid residues. Here, the authors report a selective and fast method for N-terminal modification of proteins based on quinone-mediated oxidation of the alpha-amine to aldehyde or ketone, and apply it to diverse proteins.
Collapse
|
2
|
Prosser JA, Speir TW, Stott DE. Soil Oxidoreductases and FDA Hydrolysis. SSSA BOOK SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser9.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom W. Speir
- ESR Ltd.; 34 Kenepuru Dr. Porirua 5240 New Zealand
| | - Diane E. Stott
- USDA-ARS, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory; 275 S. Russell St. West Lafayette IN 47907
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
ElSohly AM, Francis MB. Development of oxidative coupling strategies for site-selective protein modification. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1971-8. [PMID: 26057118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As the need to prepare ever more complex but well-defined materials has increased, a similar need for reliable synthetic strategies to access them has arisen. Accordingly, recent years have seen a steep increase in the development of reactions that can proceed under mild conditions, in aqueous environments, and with low concentrations of reactants. To enable the preparation of well-defined biomolecular materials with novel functional properties, our laboratory has a continuing interest in developing new bioconjugation reactions. A particular area of focus has been the development of oxidative reactions to perform rapid site- and chemoselective couplings of electron rich aromatic species with both unnatural and canonical amino acid residues. This Account details the evolution of oxidative coupling reactions in our laboratory, from initial concepts to highly efficient reactions, focusing on the practical aspects of performing and developing reactions of this type. We begin by discussing our rationale for choosing an oxidative coupling approach to bioconjugation, highlighting many of the benefits that such strategies provide. In addition, we discuss the general workflow we have adopted to discover protein modification reactions directly in aqueous media with biologically relevant substrates. We then review our early explorations of periodate-mediated oxidative couplings between primary anilines and p-phenylenediamine substrates, highlighting the most important lessons that were garnered from these studies. Key mechanistic insights allowed us to develop second-generation reactions between anilines and anisidine derivatives. In addition, we summarize the methods we have used for the introduction of aniline groups onto protein substrates for modification. The development of an efficient and chemoselective coupling of anisidine derivatives with tyrosine residues in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate is next described. Here, our logic and workflow are used to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with the optimization of site-selective chemistries that target native amino acids. We close by discussing the most recent reports from our laboratory that have capitalized on the unique reactivity of o-iminoquinone derivatives. We discuss the various oxidants and conditions that can be used to generate these reactive intermediates from appropriate precursors, as well as the product distributions that result. We also describe our work to determine the nature of iminoquinone reactivity with proteins and peptides bearing free N-terminal amino groups. Through this discussion, we hope to facilitate the use of oxidative approaches to protein bioconjugation, as well as inspire the discovery of new reactions for the site-selective modification of biomolecular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel M. ElSohly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- The
Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rohn S. Possibilities and limitations in the analysis of covalent interactions between phenolic compounds and proteins. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
5
|
Obermeyer A, Jarman JB, Francis MB. N-terminal modification of proteins with o-aminophenols. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9572-9. [PMID: 24963951 PMCID: PMC4353012 DOI: 10.1021/ja500728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic modification of proteins plays an important role in chemical biology and biomaterials science. These fields provide a constant need for chemical tools that can introduce new functionality in specific locations on protein surfaces. In this work, an oxidative strategy is demonstrated for the efficient modification of N-terminal residues on peptides and N-terminal proline residues on proteins. The strategy uses o-aminophenols or o-catechols that are oxidized to active coupling species in situ using potassium ferricyanide. Peptide screening results have revealed that many N-terminal amino acids can participate in this reaction, and that proline residues are particularly reactive. When applied to protein substrates, the reaction shows a stronger requirement for the proline group. Key advantages of the reaction include its fast second-order kinetics and ability to achieve site-selective modification in a single step using low concentrations of reagent. Although free cysteines are also modified by the coupling reaction, they can be protected through disulfide formation and then liberated after N-terminal coupling is complete. This allows access to doubly functionalized bioconjugates that can be difficult to access using other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allie
C. Obermeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John B. Jarman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nicolai M, Gonçalves G, Natalio F, Humanes M. Biocatalytic formation of synthetic melanin: the role of vanadium haloperoxidases, L-DOPA and iodide. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:887-93. [PMID: 21507323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The vanadium haloperoxidase (V-HPO) enzyme, extracted from the brown alga Laminaria saccharina, is able to catalyze the formation of a black precipitate, using as precursor the amino acid L-dopa in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iodide, in one-pot synthesis. The L-dopa oxidation is a multistep reaction with a crucial role played by the iodide in the enzyme catalyzed peroxidative production of dopachrome, a well known intermediate in the synthesis of melanin. Dopachrome is then converted to a synthetic form of melanin through a polymerization reaction. Factors, such as buffer composition and pH, influence significantly the reaction first steps, but further steps of melanin production are hardly influenced. The biosynthetic melanin produced through the combination V-HPO/I/H(2)O(2), was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis and FT-IR) as well as XRD. Moreover, this biopolymer is light sensitive, decomposing into oligo- and monomeric units. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed different morphologies when compared with commercial available melanin. The biosynthetic production of melanin can have a wide range of applications from photosensitive cells to biomedicine with the advantage of being produced under eco-friendly and mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Nicolai
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Natalio F, André R, Pihan SA, Humanes M, Wever R, Tremel W. V2O5 nanowires with an intrinsic iodination activity leading to the formation of self-assembled melanin-like biopolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Raghavendra M, Kumar PR, Prakash V. Mechanism of Inhibition of Rice Bran Lipase by Polyphenols: A Case Study with Chlorogenic Acid and Caffeic Acid. J Food Sci 2007; 72:E412-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
MASON HS. Comparative biochemistry of the phenolase complex. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED SUBJECTS OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2006; 16:105-84. [PMID: 14376212 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122617.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
10
|
Li HT, Lin DH, Luo XY, Zhang F, Ji LN, Du HN, Song GQ, Hu J, Zhou JW, Hu HY. Inhibition of alpha-synuclein fibrillization by dopamine analogs via reaction with the amino groups of alpha-synuclein. Implication for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. FEBS J 2005; 272:3661-72. [PMID: 16008565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillization of alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) is closely associated with the formation of Lewy bodies in neurons and dopamine (DA) is a potent inhibitor for the process, which is implicated in the causative pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate any molecular mechanism that may have biological relevance, we tested the inhibitory abilities of DA and several analogs including chemically synthetic and natural polyphenols in vitro. The MS and NMR characterizations strongly demonstrate that DA and its analogs inhibit alpha-Syn fibrillization by a mechanism where the oxidation products (quinones) of DA analogs react with the amino groups of alpha-Syn chain, generating alpha-Syn-quinone adducts. It is likely that the amino groups of alpha-Syn undergo nucleophilic attack on the quinone moiety of DA analogs to form imino bonds. The covalently cross-linked alpha-Syn adducts by DA are primarily large molecular mass oligomers, while those by catechol and p-benzoquinone (or hydroquinone) are largely monomers or dimers. The DA quinoprotein retains the same cytotoxicity as the intact alpha-Syn, suggesting that the oligomeric intermediates are the major elements that are toxic to the neuronal cells. This finding implies that the reaction of alpha-Syn with DA is relevant to the selective dopaminergic loss in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rawel HM, Rohn S, Kruse HP, Kroll J. Structural changes induced in bovine serum albumin by covalent attachment of chlorogenic acid. Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Nüsslein B, Kurzmann M, Bauer R, Kreis W. Enzymatic degradation of cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea preparations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1615-1618. [PMID: 11141099 DOI: 10.1021/np0002839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cichoric acid (2R,3R-O-dicaffeoyltartaric acid) (1) is highly susceptible to enzymatic degradation during the preparation of Echinacea purpurea products. Degradation of 1 and other caffeic acid derivatives can be inhibited by antioxidants added to the extraction solvent or in buffered protein extracts saturated with nitrogen. Inhibitor studies conducted with protein extracts prepared from dried overground parts of E. purpurea revealed that polyphenol oxidases (PPO) but not peroxidases are responsible for the oxidative degradation of exogenous and endogenous caffeic acid derivatives. With a view to stabilizing aqueous extracts with respect to their content of 1, the effects of ascorbic acid and ethanol were tested. Compound 1 was not stable under conditions where oxidative processes could almost be excluded. It was found that an esterase hydrolyzing the ester bonds between tartaric acid and caffeic acid is still active under PPO inhibitory conditions. Finally, addition of 40% ethanol and 50 mM ascorbic acid to aqueous extracts of "Echinaceae purpureae herba" resulted in a constant amount of cichoric acid over four weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Nüsslein
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Mussel adhesive protein (MAP) is the adhesive agent used by the blue sea mussel (Mytilus edulis) to attach the animal to various underwater surfaces. It is composed of 75-->85 repeating decameric units with the reported primary sequence NH2-A(1)-K(2)-P(3)-S(4)-Y(5)-Hyp(6)-Hyp(7)-T(8)-DOPA(9)-K(10)-COOH. This study identifies and compares the surface properties of the decameric unit, selected fragments and individual amino acid constituents with the complete MAP preparation. These molecular systems were examined: (a) in the solid state as thin films formed on germanium substrata using multiple-attenuated-internal-reflectance infrared (MAIR-IR) spectroscopy, ellipsometry and contact angle analysis; and (b) in the solution state using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Extensive molecular modelling of the decamer was performed making integral use of the experimentally derived data. These cumulative semi-empirical and empirical results suggest a conformation for the decamer that closely associates the L-DOPA and tyrosine residues with the solid substratum. This model provides the first representation of MAP derived from a rational integration of theoretical and experimental data. On the basis of this model, a possible explanation for the bioadhesive properties of MAP is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Olivieri
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Biophysics Department, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Rzepecki LM, Waite JH. A chromogenic assay for catecholoxidases based on the addition of L-proline to quinones. Anal Biochem 1989; 179:375-81. [PMID: 2774185 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The coupling reaction between L-proline and the quinone products of the oxidation of various catechols serves as a sensitive assay for catecholoxidases. The chromogenic products, 4-N-prolyl-o-quinones, were unique and stable over the course of the reaction. The spectra of these adducts typically had two absorbance maxima, in the ranges 309-340 and 526-540 nm. Assay conditions in which the oxidation of catechols was rate limiting were developed, and initial rates of reaction, monitored spectrophotometrically at the lambda max of the adducts, showed improved initial linearity when compared with the direct spectrophotometric determination of quinone formation. The molar extinction coefficients (epsilon) of a number of adducts ranged between 5310 and 9630 M-1 cm-1, about five- to sevenfold greater than those of the corresponding quinones. Since 2 mol catechol must be oxidized to their quinones to generate 1 mol of adduct, this assay improves catecholoxidase detection sensitivity by approximately three- to fourfold compared with direct estimation of quinone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Rzepecki
- College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes 19958
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cabanes J, García-Cánovas F, García-Carmona F. Chemical and enzymatic oxidation of 4-methylcatechol in the presence and absence of L-serine. Spectrophotometric determination of intermediates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 914:190-7. [PMID: 3111537 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A pathway for 4-methylcatechol oxidation by tyrosinase (monophenol, dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) in the presence of L-serine is proposed. Characterization of intermediates in this oxidative reaction and stoichiometry determination have both been performed. It has been possible to detect spectrophotometrically 4-methyl-o-benzoquinone as the first intermediate in this pathway after oxidizing 4-methylcatechol with epidermis tyrosinase or sodium periodate at pH 6.5. The steps for 4-methylcatechol transformation in the presence of L-serine could be: 4-methylcatechol----4-methyl-o-benzoquinone----5-methyl-4N-serine-catechol----5 - methyl-4N-serine-o-benzoquinone. Matrix analysis of the spectra obtained with a rapid-scan spectrophotometer verified that 4-methyl-o-benzoquinone was transformed into 5-methyl-4N-serine-o-benzoquinone at a constant ratio, the stoichiometry for this conversion being the equation: 2-(4-methyl-o-benzoquinone) + L-serine----4-methylcatechol + 5-methyl-4N-serine-o-benzoquinone.
Collapse
|
17
|
Semiquinone anion radicals from addition of amino acids, peptides, and proteins to quinones derived from oxidation of catechols and catecholamines. An ESR spin stabilization study. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
18
|
Kamel MY, Hamed RR. Oxidation of o-dihydroxyphenols by catalase and its application to the colorimetric determination and visualization of catalase on polyacrylamide gel. Microchem J 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0026-265x(85)90126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
MATHEIS GÜNTER, WHITAKER JOHNR. MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS BY POLYPHENOL OXIDASE AND PEROXIDASE AND THEIR PRODUCTS. J Food Biochem 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1984.tb00322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Thomas P, Delincée H, Diehl JF. Thin-layer isoelectric focusing of polyphenoloxidase of Sephadex and its detection by the print technique. Anal Biochem 1978; 88:138-48. [PMID: 100022 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Morrison M, Steele W, Danner DJ. The reaction of benzoquinone with amines and proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 134:515-23. [PMID: 5354774 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
24
|
Yamaguchi M, Henderson HM, Hwang PM, Campbell JD. Effect of oxygen concentration on o-diphenol oxidase activity. Anal Biochem 1969; 32:178-82. [PMID: 4991602 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(69)90121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
25
|
Byck JS, Dawson CR. Assay of protein-quinone coupling involving compounds structurally related to the active principle of poison ivy. Anal Biochem 1968; 25:123-35. [PMID: 4178697 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(68)90086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
26
|
Summers NM. Cuticle sclerotization and blood phenol oxidase in the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1967; 23:129-38. [PMID: 4965430 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(67)90480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
27
|
Biehl B. Proteinhydrolyse w�hrend der Kakaofermentation in Abh�ngigkeit von Wechselwirkungen mit Polyphenolen unter anaeroben und aeroben Bedingungen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01460617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
NAGASAWA HT, OSTERAAS AJ. The biological arylation of proteins in vitro by a metabolite of the carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Biochem Pharmacol 1964; 13:713-23. [PMID: 14181274 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(64)90007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
BURTON HS, MCWEENY DJ, PANDHI PN. Non-Enzymatic Browning : Browning of Phenols and its Inhibition by Sulphur Dioxide. Nature 1963; 199:659-61. [PMID: 14074551 DOI: 10.1038/199659a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Lissitzky S, Rolland M, Reynaud J, Lasry S. Oxydation de la tyrosine et de peptides ou protéines la contenant par la polyphenoloxydase de champignon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
|
36
|
Nagasawa H, Gutmann H. The Oxidation of o-Aminophenols by Cytochrome c and Cytochrome Oxidase. J Biol Chem 1959. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
37
|
SELA M, KATCHALSKI E. Biological Properties of Poly-α- Amino Acids. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1959; 14:391-478. [PMID: 14444673 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
38
|
HESS EH. The polyphenolase of tobacco and its participation in amino acid metabolism. I. Manometric studies. Arch Biochem Biophys 1958; 74:198-208. [PMID: 13522237 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(58)90213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
GLASSMAN E. Tyrosinase-produced quinones and the disappearance of kynurenine in larval extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Arch Biochem Biophys 1957; 67:74-89. [PMID: 13412121 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(57)90246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|