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Jones RA, Trejo B, Sil P, Little KA, Pasolli HA, Joyce B, Posfai E, Devenport D. An mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse model allows for live visualization of mammalian basement membrane development. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309074. [PMID: 38051393 PMCID: PMC10697824 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized sheets of extracellular matrix that underlie epithelial and endothelial tissues. BMs regulate the traffic of cells and molecules between compartments, and participate in signaling, cell migration, and organogenesis. The dynamics of mammalian BMs, however, are poorly understood, largely due to a lack of models in which core BM components are endogenously labeled. Here, we describe the mTurquoise2-Col4a1 mouse in which we fluorescently tag collagen IV, the main component of BMs. Using an innovative planar-sagittal live imaging technique to visualize the BM of developing skin, we directly observe BM deformation during hair follicle budding and basal progenitor cell divisions. The BM's inherent pliability enables dividing cells to remain attached to and deform the BM, rather than lose adhesion as generally thought. Using FRAP, we show BM collagen IV is extremely stable, even during periods of rapid epidermal growth. These findings demonstrate the utility of the mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse to shed new light on mammalian BM developmental dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon Trejo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Parijat Sil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - H. Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley Joyce
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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2
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Jones RA, Trejo B, Sil P, Little KA, Pasolli HA, Joyce B, Posfai E, Devenport D. A Window into Mammalian Basement Membrane Development: Insights from the mTurq2-Col4a1 Mouse Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559396. [PMID: 37808687 PMCID: PMC10557719 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized sheets of extracellular matrix that underlie epithelial and endothelial tissues. BMs regulate traffic of cells and molecules between compartments, and participate in signaling, cell migration and organogenesis. The dynamics of mammalian BMs, however, are poorly understood, largely due to a lack of models in which core BM components are endogenously labelled. Here, we describe the mTurquoise2-Col4a1 mouse, in which we fluorescently tag collagen IV, the main component of BMs. Using an innovative Planar-Sagittal live imaging technique to visualize the BM of developing skin, we directly observe BM deformation during hair follicle budding and basal progenitor cell divisions. The BM's inherent pliability enables dividing cells to remain attached to and deform the BM, rather than lose adhesion as generally thought. Using FRAP, we show BM collagen IV is extremely stable, even during periods of rapid epidermal growth. These findings demonstrate the utility of the mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse to shed new light on mammalian BM developmental dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Brandon Trejo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Parijat Sil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Katherine A Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065
| | - Bradley Joyce
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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3
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Jud MC, Lowry J, Padilla T, Clifford E, Yang Y, Fennell F, Miller AK, Hamill D, Harvey AM, Avila-Zavala M, Shao H, Nguyen Tran N, Bao Z, Bowerman B. A genetic screen for temperature-sensitive morphogenesis-defective Caenorhabditis elegans mutants. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6169531. [PMID: 33713117 PMCID: PMC8133775 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis involves coordinated cell migrations and cell shape changes that generate tissues and organs, and organize the body plan. Cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton are important for executing morphogenesis, but their regulation remains poorly understood. As genes required for embryonic morphogenesis may have earlier roles in development, temperature-sensitive embryonic-lethal mutations are useful tools for investigating this process. From a collection of ∼200 such Caenorhabditis elegans mutants, we have identified 17 that have highly penetrant embryonic morphogenesis defects after upshifts from the permissive to the restrictive temperature, just prior to the cell shape changes that mediate elongation of the ovoid embryo into a vermiform larva. Using whole genome sequencing, we identified the causal mutations in seven affected genes. These include three genes that have roles in producing the extracellular matrix, which is known to affect the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues in multicellular organisms: the rib-1 and rib-2 genes encode glycosyltransferases, and the emb-9 gene encodes a collagen subunit. We also used live imaging to characterize epidermal cell shape dynamics in one mutant, or1219ts, and observed cell elongation defects during dorsal intercalation and ventral enclosure that may be responsible for the body elongation defects. These results indicate that our screen has identified factors that influence morphogenesis and provides a platform for advancing our understanding of this fundamental biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Jud
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Josh Lowry
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Thalia Padilla
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Erin Clifford
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Francesca Fennell
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Alexander K Miller
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Danielle Hamill
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA
| | - Austin M Harvey
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Martha Avila-Zavala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Hong Shao
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nhan Nguyen Tran
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bruce Bowerman
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
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4
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Fidler AL, Darris CE, Chetyrkin SV, Pedchenko VK, Boudko SP, Brown KL, Gray Jerome W, Hudson JK, Rokas A, Hudson BG. Collagen IV and basement membrane at the evolutionary dawn of metazoan tissues. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28418331 PMCID: PMC5395295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the cellular microenvironment in enabling metazoan tissue genesis remains obscure. Ctenophora has recently emerged as one of the earliest-branching extant animal phyla, providing a unique opportunity to explore the evolutionary role of the cellular microenvironment in tissue genesis. Here, we characterized the extracellular matrix (ECM), with a focus on collagen IV and its variant, spongin short-chain collagens, of non-bilaterian animal phyla. We identified basement membrane (BM) and collagen IV in Ctenophora, and show that the structural and genomic features of collagen IV are homologous to those of non-bilaterian animal phyla and Bilateria. Yet, ctenophore features are more diverse and distinct, expressing up to twenty genes compared to six in vertebrates. Moreover, collagen IV is absent in unicellular sister-groups. Collectively, we conclude that collagen IV and its variant, spongin, are primordial components of the extracellular microenvironment, and as a component of BM, collagen IV enabled the assembly of a fundamental architectural unit for multicellular tissue genesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24176.001 The emergence of the diversity of multicellular animals involved cells joining together to form tissues and organs. The ‘glue’ that enabled the cells to work together is made of rope-like molecules called collagen, which assemble into scaffolds. These smart scaffolds tether proteins forming basement membranes that connect cells, provide strength to tissues, and transmit information that influences how the cells behave. How did collagen evolve over millions of years to enable the ever-increasing complexity, size and diversity of animals? To investigate, Fidler, Darris, Chetyrkin et al. explored the tissues of the most ancient of currently living animals – the comb jellies and sponges. This revealed that among all the collagens that make up the human body, a type called collagen IV was a key innovation that enabled single celled organisms to evolve into multicellular animals. Collagen IV, as molecular glue, enabled the formation of a fundamental architectural unit of basement membrane and cells that allowed multicellular tissues and organs to evolve. The findings presented by Fidler, Darris, Chetyrkin et al. pose questions about how collagen IV glues cells together, and how information is stored in the rope-like scaffolds to influence cell behavior. Understanding these processes could ultimately lead to the development of new treatments for diseases in which the collagen smart scaffolds play a key role, such as in kidney diseases and cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24176.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, United States
| | - Carl E Darris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sergei V Chetyrkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Vadim K Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Kyle L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - W Gray Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Julie K Hudson
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Medical Education and Administration, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
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5
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Fidler AL, Vanacore RM, Chetyrkin SV, Pedchenko VK, Bhave G, Yin VP, Stothers CL, Rose KL, McDonald WH, Clark TA, Borza DB, Steele RE, Ivy MT, Hudson JK, Hudson BG. A unique covalent bond in basement membrane is a primordial innovation for tissue evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:331-6. [PMID: 24344311 PMCID: PMC3890831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318499111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane, a specialized ECM that underlies polarized epithelium of eumetazoans, provides signaling cues that regulate cell behavior and function in tissue genesis and homeostasis. A collagen IV scaffold, a major component, is essential for tissues and dysfunctional in several diseases. Studies of bovine and Drosophila tissues reveal that the scaffold is stabilized by sulfilimine chemical bonds (S = N) that covalently cross-link methionine and hydroxylysine residues at the interface of adjoining triple helical protomers. Peroxidasin, a heme peroxidase embedded in the basement membrane, produces hypohalous acid intermediates that oxidize methionine, forming the sulfilimine cross-link. We explored whether the sulfilimine cross-link is a fundamental requirement in the genesis and evolution of epithelial tissues by determining its occurrence and evolutionary origin in Eumetazoa and its essentiality in zebrafish development; 31 species, spanning 11 major phyla, were investigated for the occurrence of the sulfilimine cross-link by electrophoresis, MS, and multiple sequence alignment of de novo transcriptome and available genomic data for collagen IV and peroxidasin. The results show that the cross-link is conserved throughout Eumetazoa and arose at the divergence of Porifera and Cnidaria over 500 Mya. Also, peroxidasin, the enzyme that forms the bond, is evolutionarily conserved throughout Metazoa. Morpholino knockdown of peroxidasin in zebrafish revealed that the cross-link is essential for organogenesis. Collectively, our findings establish that the triad-a collagen IV scaffold with sulfilimine cross-links, peroxidasin, and hypohalous acids-is a primordial innovation of the ECM essential for organogenesis and tissue evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
| | - Roberto M. Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Sergei V. Chetyrkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Vadim K. Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Viravuth P. Yin
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672
| | | | | | - W. Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center
| | | | - Dorin-Bogdan Borza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Robert E. Steele
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Michael T. Ivy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| | | | | | - Billy G. Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672
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6
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Pozzolini M, Bruzzone F, Berilli V, Mussino F, Cerrano C, Benatti U, Giovine M. Molecular characterization of a nonfibrillar collagen from the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo 1847 and positive effects of soluble silicates on its expression. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:281-293. [PMID: 22072047 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report here the complete cDNA sequence of a nonfibrillar collagen (COLch) isolated from the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis, Nardo 1847 using a PCR approach. COLch cDNA consists of 2,563 nucleotides and includes a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 136 nucleotides, a 3' UTR of 198 nucleotides, and an open reading frame encoding for a protein of 743 amino acids with an estimated M (r) of 72.12 kDa. The phylogenetic analysis on the deduced amino acid sequence of C-terminal end shows that the isolated sequence belongs to the short-chain spongin-like collagen subfamily, a nonfibrillar group of invertebrate collagens similar to type IV collagen. In situ hybridization analysis shows higher expression of COLch mRNA in the cortical part than in the inner part of the sponge. Therefore, COLch seems to be involved in the formation of C. reniformis ectosome, where it could play a key role in the attachment to the rocky substrata and in the selective sediment incorporation typical of these organisms. qPCR analysis of COLch mRNA level, performed on C. reniformis tissue culture models (fragmorphs), also demonstrates that this matrix protein is directly involved in sponge healing processes and that soluble silicates positively regulate its expression. These findings confirm the essential role of silicon in the fibrogenesis process also in lower invertebrates, and they should give a tool for a sustainable production of marine collagen in sponge mariculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department for the Study of Territory and its Resources, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
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7
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Fleury C, Serpentini A, Kypriotou M, Renard E, Galéra P, Lebel JM. Characterization of a non-fibrillar-related collagen in the mollusc Haliotis tuberculata and its biological activity on human dermal fibroblasts. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:1003-1016. [PMID: 21271271 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In invertebrates, members of the collagen family have been found in various phyla. Surprisingly, in mollusc, little is known about such molecules. In this study, we characterize the full-length abalone type IV collagen and we analysed its biological effects on human fibroblast in order to gain insights about this molecule in molluscs and particularly clues about its roles. We screened a cDNA library of Haliotis tuberculata hemocytes. The expression pattern of the transcript is determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. The close identity between α1(IV) C-terminal domain and the vertebrate homologue led us to produce, purify and test in vitro a recombinant protein corresponding to this region using human dermal fibroblasts cell culture. The biological effects were evaluated on proliferation and on differentiation. We found that the 5,334-bp open reading frame transcript encodes a protein of 1,777 amino acids, including an interrupted 1,502-residue collagenous domain and a 232-residue C-terminal non-collagenous domain. The expression pattern of this transcript is mainly found in the mantle and hemocytes. The recombinant protein corresponding α1(IV) C-terminal domain increased fibroblast proliferation by 69% and doubled collagen synthesis produced in primary cultures. This work provides the first complete primary structure of a mollusc non-fibrillar collagen chain and the biological effects of its C-terminal domain on human cells. In this study, we prove that the NC1 domain from a molluscan collagen can improve human fibroblast proliferation as well as differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Fleury
- UMR 100 IFREMER Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins-IFR 146 ICORE-IBFA-Esplanade de la Paix, Université de Caen Basse-normandie, 14032, Caen, France
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8
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Martinek N, Shahab J, Saathoff M, Ringuette M. Haemocyte-derived SPARC is required for collagen-IV-dependent stability of basal laminae in Drosophila embryos. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1671-80. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SPARC is an evolutionarily conserved collagen-binding extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein whose morphogenetic contribution(s) to embryonic development remain elusive despite decades of research. We have therefore used Drosophila genetics to gain insight into the role of SPARC during embryogenesis. In Drosophila embryos, high levels of SPARC and other basal lamina components (such as network-forming collagen IV, laminin and perlecan) are synthesized and secreted by haemocytes, and assembled into basal laminae. A SPARC mutant was generated by P-element mutagenesis that is embryonic lethal because of multiple developmental defects. Whereas no differences in collagen IV immunostaining were observed in haemocytes between wild-type and SPARC-mutant embryos, collagen IV was not visible in basal laminae of SPARC-mutant embryos. In addition, the laminin network of SPARC-mutant embryos appeared fragmented and discontinuous by late embryogenesis. Transgenic expression of SPARC protein by haemocytes in SPARC-mutant embryos restored collagen IV and laminin continuity in basal laminae. However, transgenic expression of SPARC by neural cells failed to rescue collagen IV in basal laminae, indicating that the presence of collagen IV deposition requires SPARC expression by haemocytes. Our previous finding that haemocyte-derived SPARC protein levels are reduced in collagen-IV-mutant embryos and the observation that collagen-IV-mutant embryos showed a striking phenotypic similarity to SPARC-mutant embryos suggests a mutual dependence between these major basal laminae components during embryogenesis. Patterning defects and impaired condensation of the ventral nerve cord also resulted from the loss SPARC expression prior to haemocyte migration. Hence, SPARC is required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord during Drosophila embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Martinek
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Jaffer Shahab
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Manuela Saathoff
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Maurice Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
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9
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Nicholas A. K, Jacques P. B. Internal Organization of Basement Membranes. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(05)56009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Yurchenco PD, Amenta PS, Patton BL. Basement membrane assembly, stability and activities observed through a developmental lens. Matrix Biol 2004; 22:521-38. [PMID: 14996432 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2003] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes are cell surface associated extracellular matrices containing laminins, type IV collagens, nidogens, perlecan, agrin, and other macromolecules. Biochemical and ultrastructural studies have suggested that basement membrane assembly and integrity is provided through multiple component interactions consisting of self-polymerizations, inter-component binding, and cell surface adhesions. Mutagenesis in vertebrate embryos and embryoid bodies have led to revisions of this model, providing evidence that laminins are essential for the formation of an initial polymeric scaffold of cell-attached matrix which matures in stability, ligand diversity, and functional complexity as additional matrix components are integrated into the scaffold. These studies also demonstrate that basement membrane components differentially promote cell polarization, organize and compartmentalize developing tissues, and maintain adult tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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11
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Page AP, Winter AD. Enzymes involved in the biogenesis of the nematode cuticle. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2003; 53:85-148. [PMID: 14587697 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(03)53003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes include species that are significant parasites of man, his domestic animals and crops, and cause chronic debilitating diseases in the developing world; such as lymphatic filariasis and river blindness caused by filarial species. Around one third of the World's population harbour parasitic nematodes; no vaccines exist for prevention of infection, limited effective drugs are available and drug resistance is an ever-increasing problem. A critical structure of the nematode is the protective cuticle, a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms the exoskeleton, and is critical for viability. This resilient structure is synthesized sequentially five times during nematode development and offers protection from the environment, including the hosts' immune response. The detailed characterization of this complex structure; it's components, and the means by which they are synthesized, modified, processed and assembled will identify targets that may be exploited in the future control of parasitic nematodes. This review will focus on the nematode cuticle. This structure is predominantly composed of collagens, a class of proteins that are modified by a range of co- and post-translational modifications prior to assembly into higher order complexes or ECMs. The collagens and their associated enzymes have been comprehensively characterized in vertebrate systems and some of these studies will be addressed in this review. Conversely, the biosynthesis of this class of essential structural proteins has not been studied in such detail in the nematodes. As with all morphogenetic, functional and developmental studies in the Nematoda phylum, the free-living species Caenorhabditis elegans has proven to be invaluable in the characterization of the cuticle and the cuticle collagen gene family, and is now proving to be an excellent model in the study of cuticle collagen biosynthetic enzymes. This model system will be the main focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony P Page
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, The Anderson College, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NU, UK
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12
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Gare DC, Piertney SB, Billingsley PF. Anopheles gambiae collagen IV genes: cloning, phylogeny and midgut expression associated with blood feeding and Plasmodium infection. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33:681-90. [PMID: 12814648 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A prerequisite for understanding the role that mosquito midgut extracellular matrix molecules play in malaria parasite development is proper isolation and characterisation of the genes coding for components of the basal lamina. Here we have identified genes coding for alpha1 and alpha2 chains of collagen IV from the major malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. Conserved sequences in the terminal NC1 domain were used to obtain partial gene sequences of this functional region, and full sequence was isolated from a pupal cDNA library. In a DNA-derived phylogeny, the alpha1 and alpha2 chains cluster with dipteran orthologs, and the alpha2 is ancestral. The expression of collagen alpha1(IV) peaked during the pupal stage of mosquito development, and was expressed continuously in the adult female following a blood meal with a further rise detected in older mosquitoes. Collagen alpha1(IV) is also upregulated when the early oocyst of Plasmodium yoelii was developing within the mosquito midgut and may contribute to a larger wound healing response. A model describing the expression of basal lamina proteins during oocyst development is presented, and we hypothesise that the development of new basal lamina between the oocyst and midgut epithelium is akin to a wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Gare
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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13
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Exposito JY, Cluzel C, Garrone R, Lethias C. Evolution of collagens. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 2002; 268:302-16. [PMID: 12382326 DOI: 10.1002/ar.10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is often defined as the substance that gives multicellular organisms (from plants to vertebrates) their structural integrity, and is intimately involved in their development. Although the general functions of extracellular matrices are comparable, their compositions are quite distinct. One of the specific components of metazoan extracellular matrices is collagen, which is present in organisms ranging from sponges to humans. By comparing data obtained in diploblastic, protostomic, and deuterostomic animals, we have attempted to trace the evolution of collagens and collagen-like proteins. Moreover, the collagen story is closely involved with the emergence and evolution of metazoa. The collagen triple helix is one of numerous modules that arose during the metazoan radiation which permit the formation of large multimodular proteins. One of the advantages of this module is its involvement in oligomerization, in which it acts as a structural organizer that is not only relatively resistant to proteases but also permits the creation of multivalent supramolecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Exposito
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
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14
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Sundaramoorthy M, Meiyappan M, Todd P, Hudson BG. Crystal structure of NC1 domains. Structural basis for type IV collagen assembly in basement membranes. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:31142-53. [PMID: 11970952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201740200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV collagen, which is present in all metazoan, exists as a family of six homologous alpha(IV) chains, alpha1-alpha6, in mammals. The six chains assemble into three different triple helical protomers and self-associate as three distinct networks. The network underlies all epithelia as a component of basement membranes, which play important roles in cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, tissue repair and molecular ultrafiltration. The specificity of both protomer and network assembly is governed by amino acid sequences of the C-terminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain of each chain. In this study, the structural basis for protomer and network assembly was investigated by determining the crystal structure of the ubiquitous [(alpha1)(2).alpha2](2) NC1 hexamer of bovine lens capsule basement membrane at 2.0 A resolution. The NC1 monomer folds into a novel tertiary structure. The (alpha1)(2).alpha2 trimer is organized through the unique three-dimensional domain swapping interactions. The differences in the primary sequences of the hypervariable region manifest in different secondary structures, which determine the chain specificity at the monomer-monomer interfaces. The trimer-trimer interface is stabilized by the extensive hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions without a need for disulfide cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirathinam Sundaramoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7421, USA
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15
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Hill KL, Harfe BD, Dobbins CA, L'Hernault SW. dpy-18 encodes an alpha-subunit of prolyl-4-hydroxylase in caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2000; 155:1139-48. [PMID: 10880476 PMCID: PMC1461137 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/155.3.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component encoded by a large multigene family in multicellular animals. Procollagen is post-translationally modified by prolyl-4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) before secretion and participation in ECM formation. Therefore, collagen processing and regulation can be studied by examining this required interaction of prolyl-4-hydroxylase with procollagen. High-resolution polymorphism mapping was used to place the Caenorhabditis elegans dpy-18 gene on the physical map, and we show that it encodes a prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha catalytic subunit. The Dpy phenotype of dpy-18(e364) amber mutants is more severe when this mutation is in trans to the noncomplementing deficiency tDf7, while the dpy-18(e499) deletion mutant exhibits the same phenotype as dpy-18(e499)/tDf7. Furthermore, dpy-18 RNA interference (RNAi) in wild-type worms results in Dpy progeny, while dpy-18 (RNAi) in dpy-18(e499) mutants does not alter the Dpy phenotype of their progeny. These observations suggest that the dpy-18 null phenotype is Dpy. A dpy-18::gfp promoter fusion construct is expressed throughout the hypodermis within the cells that abundantly produce the cuticle collagens, as well as in certain head and posterior neurons. While prolyl-4-hydroxylase has been studied extensively by biochemical techniques, this is the first report of a mutationally defined prolyl-4-hydroxylase in any animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hill
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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16
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Zhu X, Joh K, Hedgecock EM, Hori K. Identification of epi-1 locus as a laminin alpha chain gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and characterization of epi-1 mutant alleles. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 2000; 10:207-17. [PMID: 10727078 DOI: 10.3109/10425179909033950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A new genetic locus, epi-1, has been identified and mapped, which affects epithelialization of various tissues in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Seven independent epi-1 mutant alleles have been obtained. These mutants have a wide spectrum of abnormalities, all seem to be caused by a primary defect of basement membrane. We have identified the epi-1 gene as a structural gene of laminin alpha chain. The sequence analyses of the gene and cDNAs revealed that the gene consists of 15 exons and encodes a protein of 3704 amino acids in an open reading frame of 11115 base pairs. The nematode alpha chain is similar to its vertebrate and fly orthologs in the domain structure. The mRNA is trans-spliced to SL1 leader RNA as many of the nematode mRNAs. Mutation sites have been identified in four alleles. Two alleles have nonsense mutations and produce truncated proteins lacking the domain necessary for the formation of a heterotrimeric laminin molecule. The other two alleles have missense mutations in domains VI and IIIb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Japan
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17
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Serpentini A, Ghayor C, Poncet J, Hebert V, Gal�ra P, Pujol JP, Boucaud-Camou E, Lebel JM. Collagen study and regulation of the de novo synthesis by IGF-I in hemocytes from the gastropod mollusc,Haliotis tuberculata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-010x(20000901)287:4<275::aid-jez2>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garrone
- CNRS Institute of Biology and Chemistry of Proteins, Claude Bernard University, Lyons, France
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19
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Gastrulation initiation in Caenorhabditis elegans requires the function of gad-1, which encodes a protein with WD repeats. Dev Biol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(98)80003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Yasothornsrikul S, Davis WJ, Cramer G, Kimbrell DA, Dearolf CR. viking: identification and characterization of a second type IV collagen in Drosophila. Gene 1997; 198:17-25. [PMID: 9370260 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have taken an enhancer trap approach to identify genes that are expressed in hematopoietic cells and tissues of Drosophila. We conducted a molecular analysis of two P-element insertion strains that have reporter gene expression in embryonic hemocytes, strain 197 and vikingICO. This analysis has determined that viking encodes a collagen type IV gene, alpha2(IV). The viking locus is located adjacent to the previously described DCg1, which encodes collagen alpha1(IV), and in the opposite orientation. The alpha2(IV) and alpha1(IV) collagens are structurally very similar to one another, and to vertebrate type IV collagens. In early development, viking and DCg1 are transcribed in the same tissue-specific pattern, primarily in the hemocytes and fat body cells. Our results suggest that both the alpha1 and alpha2 collagen IV chains may contribute to basement membranes in Drosophila. This work also provides the foundation for a more complete genetic dissection of collagen type IV molecules and their developmental function in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yasothornsrikul
- Developmental Genetics Group, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Gupta MC, Graham PL, Kramer JM. Characterization of alpha1(IV) collagen mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans and the effects of alpha1 and alpha2(IV) mutations on type IV collagen distribution. J Cell Biol 1997; 137:1185-96. [PMID: 9166417 PMCID: PMC2136222 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.137.5.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/1997] [Revised: 03/22/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IV collagen is a major component of basement membranes. We have characterized 11 mutations in emb-9, the alpha1(IV) collagen gene of Caenorhabditis elegans, that result in a spectrum of phenotypes. Five are substitutions of glycines in the Gly-X-Y domain and cause semidominant, temperature-sensitive lethality at the twofold stage of embryogenesis. One is a glycine substitution that causes recessive, non-temperature-sensitive larval lethality. Three putative null alleles, two nonsense mutations and a deletion, all cause recessive, non-temperature-sensitive lethality at the threefold stage of embryogenesis. The less severe null phenotype indicates that glycine substitution containing mutant chains dominantly interfere with the function of other molecules. The emb-9 null mutants do not stain with anti-EMB-9 antisera and show intracellular accumulation of the alpha2(IV) chain, LET-2, indicating that LET-2 assembly and/or secretion requires EMB-9. Glycine substitutions in either EMB-9 or LET-2 cause intracellular accumulation of both chains. The degree of intracellular accumulation differs depending on the allele and temperature and correlates with the severity of the phenotype. Temperature sensitivity appears to result from reduced assembly/secretion of type IV collagen, not defective function in the basement membrane. Because the dominant interference of glycine substitution mutations is maximal when type IV collagen secretion is totally blocked, this interference appears to occur intracellularly, rather than in the basement membrane. We suggest that the nature of dominant interference caused by mutations in type IV collagen is different than that caused by mutations in fibrillar collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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22
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Graham PL, Johnson JJ, Wang S, Sibley MH, Gupta MC, Kramer JM. Type IV collagen is detectable in most, but not all, basement membranes of Caenorhabditis elegans and assembles on tissues that do not express it. J Cell Biol 1997; 137:1171-83. [PMID: 9166416 PMCID: PMC2136211 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.137.5.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/1997] [Revised: 03/22/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IV collagen in Caenorhabditis elegans is produced by two essential genes, emb-9 and let-2, which encode alpha1- and alpha2-like chains, respectively. The distribution of EMB-9 and LET-2 chains has been characterized using chain-specific antisera. The chains colocalize, suggesting that they may function in a single heterotrimeric collagen molecule. Type IV collagen is detected in all basement membranes except those on the pseudocoelomic face of body wall muscle and on the regions of the hypodermis between body wall muscle quadrants, indicating that there are major structural differences between some basement membranes in C. elegans. Using lacZ/green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter constructs, both type IV collagen genes were shown to be expressed in the same cells, primarily body wall muscles, and some somatic cells of the gonad. Although the pharynx and intestine are covered with basement membranes that contain type IV collagen, these tissues do not express either type IV collagen gene. Using an epitope-tagged emb-9 construct, we show that type IV collagen made in body wall muscle cells can assemble into the pharyngeal, intestinal, and gonadal basement membranes. Additionally, we show that expression of functional type IV collagen only in body wall muscle cells is sufficient for C. elegans to complete development and be partially fertile. Since type IV collagen secreted from muscle cells only assembles into some of the basement membranes that it has access to, there must be a mechanism regulating its assembly. We propose that interaction with a cell surface-associated molecule(s) is required to facilitate type IV collagen assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Graham
- Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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23
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Bisoffi M, Betschart B. Identification and sequence comparison of a cuticular collagen of Brugia pahangi. Parasitology 1996; 113 ( Pt 2):145-55. [PMID: 8760314 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000066397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle of filarial nematodes is a specialized extracellular matrix that covers the parasite and protects it from adverse conditions of the environment. As a surface structure it is in direct contact with the host defence mechanisms and therefore plays an important role in the molecular host-parasite relationship. Using polyclonal antisera raised against the insoluble components of the cuticle of the adult filarial parasite Brugia pahangi, we have isolated cDNA clones encoding collagen molecules of the cuticle. The protein domain structure of cDNA clone Bpcol-1 was compared with the known structures of cuticular collagens of the nematodes Brugia malayi, Caenorhabditis elegans, Ascaris suum and Haemonchus contortus, confirming interspecies similarities. Using affinity-purified anti-Bpcol-1 antibodies we identified Bpcol-1 antigenic determinants in different nematode extracts, and determined the localization of such epitopes within the cuticle of B. pahangi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bisoffi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Araujo A, Souto-Padron T, de Souza W. Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the cuticle of adult Wuchereria bancrofti (Nematoda: Filarioidea). Int J Parasitol 1995; 25:569-77. [PMID: 7543460 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(94)00167-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Because of the practical limitations of obtaining viable adult forms of the Wuchereria bancrofti, the major species responsible for human lymphatic filariasis, only few ultrastructural studies were carried out. Adult worms present the cuticle as the interface structure between host and parasite. Cuticle structure and the demonstration of the presence of basic proteins, lipids, small amounts of terminal carbohydrate residues, phospholipids and collagen in the cuticle was undertaken on thin sections of embedded parasites. Using immunocytochemical methods, antigenic epitopes similar to those found in the extra cellular matrix of vertebrates were localized on thin sections of the Lowicryl embedded adult filariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Araujo
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Leinonen A, Mariyama M, Mochizuki T, Tryggvason K, Reeders ST. Complete primary structure of the human type IV collagen alpha 4(IV) chain. Comparison with structure and expression of the other alpha (IV) chains. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Identification of a cell lineage-specific gene coding for a sea urchin alpha 2(IV)-like collagen chain. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Hudson BG, Reeders ST, Tryggvason K. Type IV collagen: structure, gene organization, and role in human diseases. Molecular basis of Goodpasture and Alport syndromes and diffuse leiomyomatosis. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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28
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Schmidt C, Fischer G, Kadner H, Genersch E, Kühn K, Pöschl E. Differential effects of DNA-binding proteins on bidirectional transcription from the common promoter region of human collagen type IV genes COL4A1 and COL4A2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1174:1-10. [PMID: 8334157 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90085-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the heterotrimeric collagen IV (alpha 1(IV))2 alpha 2(IV) is essential for the structural integrity and functional properties of basement membranes. The genes COL4A1 and COL4A2 coding for both subunits are located close to each other on the same chromosome and are transcribed from a common bidirectional promoter element. Binding of at least three different nuclear proteins could be detected within this promoter, a CCAAT-binding protein, Sp1 and a newly identified factor, designated 'CTCBF'. Mutagenesis of binding sites proved that these factors are essential for the efficient transcription of both genes, but revealed differential gene-specific effects. Therefore, the common promoter region of collagen IV does not represent an equally functional bidirectional element, but may be better understood as two overlapping gene-specific promoters with shared elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung für Bindegewebsforschung, Am Klopferspitz, Martinsried, Germany
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29
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30
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Complete primary structure of a sea urchin type IV collagen alpha chain and analysis of the 5' end of its gene. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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31
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Zhou J, Gregory MC, Hertz JM, Barker DF, Atkin C, Spencer ES, Tryggvason K. Mutations in the codon for a conserved arginine-1563 in the COL4A5 collagen gene in Alport syndrome. Kidney Int 1993; 43:722-9. [PMID: 8455372 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1993.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have screened 110 unrelated Alport syndrome kindreds for mutations in the exon 48 region of the COL4A5 collagen gene. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the PCR-amplified region of exon 48 revealed sequence variants in DNA from affected males and carriers of three unrelated kindreds. All three kindreds have classical Alport syndrome of the juvenile type. DNA-sequencing analyses demonstrated two different single base changes in the codon for arginine-1563 located in exon 48. In Utah kindred 2103, there was a substitution of C by T resulting in the change of the CGA codon for arginine to the translation stop codon TGA. In Utah kindred 2123 and in the Danish kindred A13, there was a C-->T mutation in the noncoding strand changing the same codon to CAA for glutamine. Both mutations were confirmed by allele-specific hybridization on PCR-amplified DNA from other family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Biocenter and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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32
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Quinones S, Bernal D, García-Sogo M, Elena S, Saus J. Exon/intron structure of the human alpha 3(IV) gene encompassing the Goodpasture antigen (alpha 3(IV)NC1). Identification of a potentially antigenic region at the triple helix/NC1 domain junction. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)88621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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33
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Mariyama M, Zheng K, Yang-Feng TL, Reeders ST. Colocalization of the genes for the alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) chains of type IV collagen to chromosome 2 bands q35-q37. Genomics 1992; 13:809-13. [PMID: 1639407 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90157-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Each type of basement membrane in man contains between two and five genetically distinct type IV collagens: alpha 1(IV)-alpha 5(IV). Genes for alpha 1(IV), alpha 2(IV), alpha 3(IV), and alpha 5(IV) have been isolated. We have recently isolated partial cDNAs for the fifth member of the family, designated alpha 4(IV). On the basis of comparison of the deduced peptide sequences of all five chains, the type IV collagens can be divided into two families: alpha 1-like, comprising alpha 1(IV), alpha 3(IV), and alpha 5(IV); and alpha 2-like, comprising alpha 2(IV) and alpha 4(IV). Genes encoding the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) chains (COL4A1 and COL4A2) both map to human chromosome 13q34 and have been shown to be transcribed from opposite DNA strands using a common bidirectional promoter that allows coordinate regulation of the two chains. Indeed, these two chains are commonly found together in basement membrane and form [alpha 1]2.[alpha 2] heterotrimers. Whereas alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) have been found in all basement membranes studied hitherto, it has been shown that alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) are found in only a subset of basement membranes. In basement membranes where either of these molecules is present, however, they are found together. In view of this relationship and the structural similarities between alpha 1(IV) and alpha 3(IV) and between alpha 2(IV) and alpha 4(IV), we hypothesized that COL4A3 and COL4A4, the genes encoding alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV), respectively, have a genomic organization similar to that of COL4A1 and COL4A2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mariyama
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536-0812
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34
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Smeets HJ, Melenhorst JJ, Lemmink HH, Schröder CH, Nelen MR, Zhou J, Hostikka SL, Tryggvason K, Ropers HH, Jansweijer MC. Different mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene in two patients with different features of Alport syndrome. Kidney Int 1992; 42:83-8. [PMID: 1635357 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1992.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alport syndrome is a hereditary renal disease in which progressive renal failure is often accompanied by sensorineural deafness and ocular abnormalities. Recently, mutations were detected in the type IV collagen alpha 5 chain gene in Alport syndrome patients. We searched for mutations in this gene in 18 unrelated patients, and in two patients abnormalities were detected. In the gene of patient BB we identified a complex deletion, which included the exons encoding the non-collagenous domain and part of the collagenous region. This patient showed early onset nephritis (end-stage renal disease at 17 years) with deafness. Within a year after receiving a kidney from an unrelated donor, he developed an antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis. In patient WJ a point-mutation was detected, changing a tryptophane into a serine in the non-collagenous domain. His clinical features are milder (renal failure at 33 years, no hearing loss), and a recent renal allograft did not provoke antiglomerular basement membrane disease. These initial data suggest that differences in the extent of disruption of the non-collagenous domain may correlate with the severity and/or heterogeneity of Alport syndrome and with the development of nephritis in renal allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Smeets
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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35
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The alpha 4(IV) chain of basement membrane collagen. Isolation of cDNAs encoding bovine alpha 4(IV) and comparison with other type IV collagens. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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36
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Exposito J, Le Guellec D, Lu Q, Garrone R. Short chain collagens in sponges are encoded by a family of closely related genes. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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37
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Pettitt J, Kingston I. The complete primary structure of a nematode alpha 2(IV) collagen and the partial structural organization of its gene. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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38
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Caulagi VR, Werner C, Rajan TV. Isolation and partial sequence of a collagen gene from the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991; 45:57-64. [PMID: 2052040 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation and sequence of a part of a gene encoding a collagen from the genome of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. The deduced amino acid sequence of the sequenced portion of this gene, which we have designated BmCol1, differs from the most catalogued nematode collagens in that it is composed predominantly of the glycine-X-Y motif, where either X or Y (or both) may be proline. The gene appears to be similar to two recently described Caenorhabditis elegans collagen genes whose deduced amino acid sequences resemble mammalian basement membrane collagens. BmCol1 is a single copy gene and appears to be present in several other parasitic nematodes examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Caulagi
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030
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Embryonic lethality caused by mutations in basement membrane collagen of C. elegans. Nature 1991; 349:707-9. [PMID: 1996137 DOI: 10.1038/349707a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are specialized forms of extracellular matrix with important functions in development. A major structural component of basement membranes is type IV collagen, a heterotrimer of two alpha 1(IV) and one alpha 2(IV) chains, which forms a complex, polygonal network associated with other basement membrane components. Here we report that the alpha 1(IV) collagen chain of Caenorhabditis elegans is encoded by the genetic locus emb-9. Mutations in emb-9 cause temperature-sensitive lethality during late embryogenesis. We have identified single nucleotide alterations that substitute glutamic acid for glycine in the triple-helical Gly-X-Y repeat region of the alpha 1(IV) collagen in three emb-9 mutant strains. These results are direct evidence that defects in basement membranes can disrupt embryonic development and form a basis for the genetic analysis of basement membrane function.
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Abstract
The collagen genes of nematodes encode proteins that have a diverse range of functions. Among their most abundant products are the cuticular collagens, which include about 80% of the proteins present in the nematode cuticle. The structures of these collagens have been found to be strikingly similar in the free-living and parasitic nematode species studied so far, and the genes that encode them appear to constitute a large multigene family whose expression is subject to developmental regulation. Collagen genes that may have a role in cell-cell interactions and collagen genes that correspond to the vertebrate type IV collagen genes have also been identified and studied in nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Kingston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Zhou J, Barker DF, Hostikka SL, Gregory MC, Atkin CL, Tryggvason K. Single base mutation in alpha 5(IV) collagen chain gene converting a conserved cysteine to serine in Alport syndrome. Genomics 1991; 9:10-8. [PMID: 1672282 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a point mutation in the type IV collagen alpha 5 chain gene (COL4A5) in Alport syndrome. Variant PstI (Barker et al., 1990, Science 248, 1224-1227), and BglII restriction sites with complete linkage with the Alport phenotype have been found in the 3' end of the COL4A5 gene in the large Utah Kindred P. The approximate location of the variant sites was determined by restriction enzyme mapping, after which this region of the gene (1028 bp) was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA of normal and affected individuals for sequencing analysis. The PCR products showed the absence or presence of the variant PstI and BglII sites in DNA from normal and affected individuals, respectively. DNA sequencing revealed a single base change in exon 3 (from the 3' end) in DNA from affected individuals, changing the TGT codon of cysteine to the TCT codon for serine. This single base mutation also generated new restriction sites for PstI and BglII. The mutation involves a cysteine residue that has remained conserved in the carboxyl-end noncollagenous domain (NC domain) of all known type IV collagen alpha chains from Drosophila to man. It is presumably crucial for maintaining the right conformation of the NC domain, which is important for both triple-helix formation and the formation of intermolecular cross-links of type IV collagen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Butticè G, Kaytes P, D'Armiento J, Vogeli G, Kurkinen M. Evolution of collagen IV genes from a 54-base pair exon: a role for introns in gene evolution. J Mol Evol 1990; 30:479-88. [PMID: 2115927 DOI: 10.1007/bf02101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The exon structure of the collagen IV gene provides a striking example for collagen evolution and the role of introns in gene evolution. Collagen IV, a major component of basement membranes, differs from the fibrillar collagens in that it contains numerous interruptions in the triple helical Gly-X-Y repeat domain. We have characterized all 47 exons in the mouse alpha 2(IV) collagen gene and find two 36-, two 45-, and one 54-bp exons as well as one 99- and three 108-bp exons encoding the Gly-X-Y repeat sequence. All these exons sizes are also found in the fibrillar collagen genes. Strikingly, of the 24 interruption sequences present in the alpha 2-chain of mouse collagen IV, 11 are encoded at the exon/intron borders of the gene, part of one interruption sequence is encoded by an exon of its own, and the remaining interruptions are encoded within the body of exons. In such "fusion exons" the Gly-X-Y encoding domain is also derived from 36-, 45-, or 54-bp sequence elements. These data support the idea that collagen IV genes evolved from a primordial 54-bp coding unit. We furthermore interpret these data to suggest that the interruption sequences in collagen IV may have evolved from introns, presumably by inactivation of splice site signals, following which intronic sequences could have been recruited into exons. We speculated that this mechanism could provide a role for introns in gene evolution in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Butticè
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854
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