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Ahmady IM, Hameed MK, Almehdi AM, Arooj M, Workie B, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Mohamed AA. Green and cytocompatible carboxyl modified gold-lysozyme nanoantibacterial for combating multidrug-resistant superbugs. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:5016-5026. [PMID: 31620700 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dissemination of multi-drug resistant (MDR) superbugs in hospital environments, communities and food animals and the very dynamic bacterial mutation frequency require the development of prolonged therapeutic strategies to gain mastery over antibiotic resistance. A AuNP-lysozyme nanoantibacterial was fabricated by the conjugation of AuNPs-C6H4-4-COOH with lysozyme via green reduction of aryldiazonium gold(iii) salt [HOOC-4-C6H4N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N]AuCl4. Results from molecular docking calculations aimed at revealing the binding mode of benzoic acid with the lysozyme structure clearly showed the lowest energy conformation with benzoic acid bound in the deep buried hydrophobic cavity of the protein active site through strong hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, thus validating the experimental outcomes of the current study which also exhibited the binding of -COOH functional groups in the interior of the protein structure. The superiority of the lysozyme bioconjugate against superbugs was demonstrated by the enhanced and broadened lysozyme antibacterial activities of 98-99% against extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and a selection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive standard ATCC strains. Selective toxicity against bacteria was confirmed by the high viability of HeLa and fibroblast cell lines and the outstanding hemocompatibility at the minimum bacterial inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Turbidimetric enzyme kinetic assay showed the enhancement of the lysozyme hydrolytic activity by gold nanoparticles on the Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacterial substrate. Using gel electrophoresis, the induced cell wall breakdown was confirmed by detecting the leaked-out bacterial genomic DNA. The integrity and morphology changes of the E. coli bacteria were investigated using a scanning electron microscope after one hour of contact with the lysozyme-gold bioconjugate. The antibacterial functionalities showed little or no damage to healthy human cells and can be applied to wound dressings and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Ahmady
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Bonilla S, Tran H, Allen DG. Enhancing pulp and paper mill biosludge dewaterability using enzymes. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:692-700. [PMID: 25462773 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There have been limited studies on the potential use of enzymes for enhancing the dewaterability of biosludge. The mechanisms for such enhancement have not been investigated despite the environmental advantages of using enzymes over synthetic polymers for biosludge conditioning. In order to find enzymes with this potential, a screening of commercially available enzymes was carried out using capillary suction time to assess biosludge dewaterability. The only enzyme that showed dewatering improvements in the screening tests was a lysozyme which reduced the capillary suction time by 36% and increased the cake solids content from 5.6 to 8.9 DS%. Lysozyme aided in the flocculation of particles reducing the polymer demand from 11% to 6%. Active and inactive lysozyme exhibited a similar ability for enhancing sludge dewatering, indicating that the conditioning mechanism of lysozyme is similar to that of a flocculant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bonilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Nawrocki KL, Crispell EK, McBride SM. Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Positive Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 3:461-92. [PMID: 25419466 PMCID: PMC4239024 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides, or AMPs, play a significant role in many environments as a tool to remove competing organisms. In response, many bacteria have evolved mechanisms to resist these peptides and prevent AMP-mediated killing. The development of AMP resistance mechanisms is driven by direct competition between bacterial species, as well as host and pathogen interactions. Akin to the number of different AMPs found in nature, resistance mechanisms that have evolved are just as varied and may confer broad-range resistance or specific resistance to AMPs. Specific mechanisms of AMP resistance prevent AMP-mediated killing against a single type of AMP, while broad resistance mechanisms often lead to a global change in the bacterial cell surface and protect the bacterium from a large group of AMPs that have similar characteristics. AMP resistance mechanisms can be found in many species of bacteria and can provide a competitive edge against other bacterial species or a host immune response. Gram-positive bacteria are one of the largest AMP producing groups, but characterization of Gram-positive AMP resistance mechanisms lags behind that of Gram-negative species. In this review we present a summary of the AMP resistance mechanisms that have been identified and characterized in Gram-positive bacteria. Understanding the mechanisms of AMP resistance in Gram-positive species can provide guidelines in developing and applying AMPs as therapeutics, and offer insight into the role of resistance in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Nawrocki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.L.N.); (E.K.C.)
| | - Emily K Crispell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.L.N.); (E.K.C.)
| | - Shonna M McBride
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.L.N.); (E.K.C.)
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Sullivan NP, Manville IA. Relationship of the Diet to the Self-Regulatory Defence Mechanism : II. Lysozyme in Vitamin A and in Uronic Acid Deficiencies. Am J Public Health Nations Health 2008; 27:1108-15. [PMID: 18014729 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.27.11.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Salton MR. Structure--function relationships of Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes: a bacterial membrane model system. Subcell Biochem 1980; 7:309-73. [PMID: 6449765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7948-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kobayashi S. Acid mucopolysaccharides in calcified tissues. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1971; 30:257-371. [PMID: 4332845 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Saint-Blancard J, Chuzel P, Mathieu Y, Perrot J, Jollès P. Influence of pH and ionic strength of the lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells by six human and four avian lysozymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 220:300-6. [PMID: 5487883 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kuettner KE, Soble LW, Eisenstein R, Yaeger JA. The influence of lysozyme on the appearance of epiphyseal cartilage in organ culture. CALCIFIED TISSUE RESEARCH 1968; 2:93-105. [PMID: 4175291 DOI: 10.1007/bf02279198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kuettner KE, Guenther HL, Ray RD, Schumacher GF. Lysozyme in preosseous cartilage. CALCIFIED TISSUE RESEARCH 1968; 1:298-305. [PMID: 5654988 DOI: 10.1007/bf02008101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Sasaki S, Asboe-Hansen G. Serum and Urinary Lysozyme in Patients with Mastocytosis (Urticaria Pigmentosa), Systemic Scleroderma and Psoriasis*. J Invest Dermatol 1967. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.1967.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nakamura S, Nagao M, Suzuno R. Distribution of trypsin inhibitors in the egg white proteins of various birds. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1966; 18:937-50. [PMID: 5967418 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(66)90224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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SALTON MR, GHUYSEN JM. Acetylhexosamine compounds enzymically released from Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls. III. The structure of DI- and tetra-saccharides released from cell walls by lysozyme and Streptomyces F1 enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1960; 45:355-63. [PMID: 13745745 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(60)91458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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GHUYSEN JM. Acetylhexosamine compounds enzymically released from micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960; 40:473-80. [PMID: 13827780 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(60)91388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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BERGER LR, WEISER RS. The beta-glucosaminidase activity of egg-white lysozyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1957; 26:517-21. [PMID: 13499409 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(57)90098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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SALTON MR. Studies of the bacterial cell wall. V. The action of lysozyme on cell walls of some lysozyme-sensitive bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1956; 22:495-506. [PMID: 13382879 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(56)90060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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ERICSSON Y, LUNDBECK H. Antimicrobial effect in vitro of the ascorbic acid oxidation. II. Influence of various chemical and physical factors. ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1955; 37:507-27. [PMID: 13301730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1955.tb00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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HAWTHORNE JR. Note on the products formed on lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by egg white lysozyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1950; 6:94-6. [PMID: 14791398 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(50)90080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Scheidegger E. Experimentelle Untersuchungen �ber die Wirkung von Lysozym auf menschen- und tierpathogene Virusarten. Arch Virol 1940. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01245550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Meyer K, Dubos R, Smyth EM. THE HYDROLYSIS OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE ACIDS OF VITREOUS HUMOR, OF UMBILICAL CORD, AND OF STREPTOCOCCUS BY THE AUTOLYTIC ENZYME OF PNEUMOCOCCUS. J Biol Chem 1937. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)74518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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