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Wünschiers R, Senger H, Schulz R. Electron pathways involved in H(2)-metabolism in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1503:271-8. [PMID: 11115639 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The green alga Scenedesmus obliquus is capable of both uptake and production of H(2) after anaerobic adaptation (photoreduction of CO(2) or photohydrogen production). The essential enzyme for H(2)-metabolism is a NiFe-hydrogenase with a [2Fe-2S]-ferredoxin as its natural redox partner. Western blot analysis showed that the hydrogenase is constitutively expressed. The K(m) values were 79.5 microM and 12.5 microM, determined with ferredoxin and H(2), respectively, as electron donor for the hydrogenase. In vitro, NADP(+) was reduced by H(2) in the presence of the hydrogenase, the ferredoxin and a ferredoxin-NADP reductase. From these results and considerations on the stoichiometry we propose that this light-independent electron transfer is part of the photoreduction of CO(2) in vivo. For ATP synthesis, necessary for the photoreduction of CO(2), light-dependent cyclic electron transfer around Photosystem (PS) I accompanies this 'dark reaction'. PS II fluorescence data suggest that (a) in S. obliquus H(2)-reduction might function as the anaerobic counterpart of the O(2)-dependent Mehler reaction, and (b) the presence of either a ferredoxin quinone-reductase or NAD(P)-dehydrogenase (complex I) in S. obliquus chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wünschiers
- Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik, Philipps-Universität, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Matsubara H, Saeki K. Structural and Functional Diversity of Ferredoxins and Related Proteins. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Otaka E, Ooi T. Examination of protein sequence homologies: V. New perspectives on evolution between bacterial and chloroplast-type ferredoxins inferred from sequence evidence. J Mol Evol 1989; 29:246-54. [PMID: 2506358 DOI: 10.1007/bf02100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sequence homologies among 34 chloroplast-type ferredoxins were examined using a computer program that quantitatively evaluates the extent of sequence similarity as a correlation coefficient. The resultant alignment contains six gaps representing insertions or deletions of some residues, all of which are located such that they precisely preserve the domains of structural fragments as determined by crystallographic data on Spirulina platensis ferredoxin. In the search for any total correlation between the chloroplast-type and 27 bacterial ferredoxins, 1891 comparison matrices prepared for possible combinations indicated that the bacterial basal sequence of 55 residues has been conserved evolutionarily in the chloroplast-type sequences corresponding to residue positions 36-90 of Spirulina platensis ferredoxin. In addition, the bacterial "connector sequence" region was found to be conserved. These findings strongly suggest that the bacterial and chloroplast-type ferredoxins descended from a common ancestor, and branched off after the bacterial gene duplication, whereas the chloroplast-type ferredoxins originally were generated by duplicating the already duplicated bacterial gene, i.e., by "double-duplication."
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Affiliation(s)
- E Otaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Schmitter JM, Jacquot JP, de Lamotte-Guéry F, Beauvallet C, Dutka S, Gadal P, Decottignies P. Purification, properties and complete amino acid sequence of the ferredoxin from a green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 172:405-12. [PMID: 3350005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ferredoxin was purified from the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The protein showed typical absorption and circular dichroism spectra of a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin. When compared with spinach ferredoxin, the C. reinhardtii protein was less effective in the catalysis of NADP+ photoreduction, but its activity was higher in the light activation of C. reinhardtii malate dehydrogenase (NADP). The complete amino acid sequence was determined by automated Edman degradation of the whole protein and of peptides obtained by trypsin and chymotrypsin digestions and by CNBr cleavage. The protein consists of 94 residues, with Tyr at both NH2 and COOH termini. The positions of the four cysteines binding the two iron atoms are similar to those found in other [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins. The primary structure of C. reinhardtii ferredoxin showed a great homology (about 80%) with ferredoxins from two other green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Schmitter
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale Moléculaire, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Ivanov OC, Förtsch B. Universal regularities in protein primary structure: preference in bonding and periodicity. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 1986; 17:35-49. [PMID: 3796966 DOI: 10.1007/bf01809811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the whole protein data base as well as parts of it (groups and individual representatives), the universal character of the regularities in protein primary structure - preference in bonding (self-ordering) and periodicity - is shown by means of an improved procedure of checking statistical significance. In the vast majority of the cases there is a preference in bonding with the same or with very similar amino acid. Taken as a whole, both regularities show a universal character. The results obtained provide evidence in favour of the conception about the priority of proteins as information polymers.
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Yasunobu KT, Tanaka M. [20] The isolation and primary structures of various types of ferredoxin. Methods Enzymol 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)69022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hase T, Wakabayashi S, Wada K, Matsubara H, Jüttner F, Rao K, Fry I, Hall D. Cyanidium caldariumferredoxin: a red ag̵al type? FEBS Lett 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)81058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Tel-Or E, Cammack R, Rao KK, Rogers LJ, Stewart WD, Hall DO. Comparative immunochemistry of bacterial, algal and plant ferredoxins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 490:120-31. [PMID: 836867 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(77)90112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Antibodies were produced in rabbits to the 4Fe-4S ferrodoxins from Bacillus stearothermophilus, the 2 [4Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum, and the 2Fe-2S ferredoxins from the blue-green algia Spirulina maxima, the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus, and the higher plant Beta vulgaris. The antibodies were tested for immunoprecipitation activity with seven bacterial, twelve blue-green algal, six eukaryotic algal and six higher plant ferredoxins. 2. Antibodies to the bacterial ferredoxins reacted to a significant extent only with their homologous proteins. On the other hand, antibodies to the plant and algal ferredoxins showed cross-reaction with other ferredoxins. There was a correlation between the degrees of immunoprecipitation and the similarity in amino acid sequences. These results suggest that the method can be used as a marker in taxonomic studies. 3. The interaction of the antibodies with the five native ferredoxins was compared with the reactions with their apoproteins. In each case the degree of interaction was different. This behaviour was interpreted as due to an influence of tertiary structure on the antibody-antigen interaction.
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Andrew PW, Rogers LJ, Boulter D, Haslett BG. Ferredoxin from a red alga, Porphyra umbilicalis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 69:243-8. [PMID: 11097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A plant-algal type ferredoxin was isolated from the red alga, Porphyra umbilicalis. In its oxidised form the ferredoxin had absorption maxima at 277, (281), 323, 420 and 462 nm. Two atoms each of non-haem iron and labile sulphur were present per molecule protein. The midpoint potential of the protein was -400 mV and it effectively mediated electron transport in the NADP-photoreduction system of barley. The amino acid composition of Porphyra umbilicalis ferredoxin was determined as (Lys4, His2, Arg1, Asx10, Thr8, Ser7, Glx16-17, Pro3, Gly7, Ala8, Cys5, Val6, Met1, Ile5, Leu8, Tyr5, Phe2). The minimum molecular weight of approximately 11000 was confirmed by sedimentation-equilibrium studies in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Approaching half of the total amino acid sequence was determined by means of an automatic sequencer.
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Tanaka M, Haniu M, Yasunobu KT. The complete amino acid sequence of the Spirulina platensis ferredoxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 69:759-65. [PMID: 817723 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Matsubara H, Wada K, Masaki R. Structure and function of chloroplast-type ferredoxins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1976; 74:1-15. [PMID: 785973 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3270-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of various chloroplast-type ferredoxin sequences, chemical and enzymic modifications, reconstitution experiments, and fluorescence measurement of chloroplast-type ferredoxins have led to the following conclusions. 1. Tyrosine, histidine, and tryptophan residues are not directly involved in the oxidation-reduction mechanism of ferredoxins. The four indispensible cysteine residues in spinach ferredoxin which constitutes a part of the iron-sulfur cluster are located at residues 39, 44. 47 and 77. Two out of six cysteine residues in Spirulina ferredoxin could be easily modified with vinylpyridine without the loss of reconstitutive ability i.e. the apoferredoxin could be converted to the holoform by the addition of iron and sulfide. 2. Spinach ferredoxin was digested with carboxypeptidase A and the terminal alanine could be removed without loss of the spectral properties of native ferredoxin. However, the removal of the terminal three residues gave rise to the loss of reconstitutive ability. 3. The amino groups of spinach ferredoxin were modified by acetic anhydride and four residues were acetylated. The acetylated preparation of ferredoxin had an unique spectrum. Upon the addition of high concentration of ions the spectrum of this derivative resembled the spectrum of native ferredoxin. Acetylferredoxin did not combine with ferredoxin-NADP reductase, but upon the addition of moderate concentrations of cations, it did bind to this enzyme.
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Drum J, Yasunobu KT, Cramer RE. Structural investigations of the environment of the iron-sulfur cluster of the 2-iron ferredoxins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1976; 74:16-35. [PMID: 961530 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3270-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Fitch WM, Yasunobu KT. Phylogenies from amino acid sequences aligned with gaps: the problem of gap weighting. J Mol Evol 1975; 5:1-24. [PMID: 1177324 DOI: 10.1007/bf01732010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The common but generally overlooked problem of how best to construct phylogenies from orthologous amino acid sequences, when their alignment requires the placement therein of gaps denoting insertions/deletions in the evolutionary history of their genes since their common ancestor, has been studied. Three diverse methods were examined: 1. each missing residue in a gap is weighted as equivalent to the average number of minimum nucleotide replacements in known conjugate amino acid pairs of those same two sequences, which weight necessarily differs for each pair of sequences; 2. each missing residue in a gap is weighted as equivalent to a fixed number of nucleotide replacements; and 3. each gap, regardless of length, is weighted as equivalent to a fixed number of nucleotide replacements. For the flavodoxins, each method yielded a different best tree and suggests that the choice of method may be crucial. For the plant ferredoxins, all methods give results inconsistent with botanical classification and suggests the sequences may not all be orthologous. For the bacterial ferredoxins, the method was less germane than the actual weight used, five different best trees being obtained depending upon the weight. The best tree for all ferredoxins (prokaryotic plus eukaryotic) combined proved to be greatly dependent upon the gap locations with several reasonable aligments yielding different best trees. They also suggest that functional equivalence may well prove to be a poor guide to which residues have a common ancestral codon. The rubredoxin sequences show that a partial internal gene duplication occurred in the Pseudomonas line, probably very soon after its divergence from the other genera. Together, the results clearly indicate that the phylogenetic answer one gets may greatly depend upon how one treats the gaps but they fail to indicate what treatment may be best.
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Kirschenbaum DM. A compilation of amino acid analyses of proteins. VII. Residues per molecule-5. Anal Biochem 1975; 66:123-50. [PMID: 1096669 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(75)90732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Tanaka M, Haniu M, Zeitlin S, Yasunobu KT, Evans MC, Rao KK, Hall DO. Amino acid sequence of the Spirulina maxima ferredoxin, a ferredoxin from a procaryote. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 64:399-407. [PMID: 807207 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hall DO, Cammack R, Rao KK. Ferredoxins in the evolution of photosynthetic systems from anaerobic bacteria to higher plants. SPACE LIFE SCIENCES 1973; 4:455-68. [PMID: 4203768 DOI: 10.1007/bf00930357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Mason R, Zubieta JA. Iron-sulfur proteins: structural chemistry of their chromophores and related systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1973; 12:390-9. [PMID: 4200279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.197303901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mason R, Zubieta JA. Eisen-Schwefel-Proteine: Strukturchemie ihrer Chromophore und verwandter Systeme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1973. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19730850904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hall DO, Cammack R, Rao KK. Role for ferredoxins in the origin of life and biological evolution. Nature 1971; 233:136-8. [PMID: 12058758 DOI: 10.1038/233136a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fee JA, Palmer G. The properties of parsley ferredoxin and its selenium-containing homolog. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 245:175-95. [PMID: 4332097 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(71)90020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Lee SS, Travis J, Black CC. Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and other species with a high photosynthetic capacity. Arch Biochem Biophys 1970; 141:676-89. [PMID: 4395695 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Matsubara H, Sasaki RM, Tsuchiya DK, Evans M. The Amino Acid Sequence of Chromatium Ferredoxin. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Spande TF, Witkop B, Degani Y, Patchornik A. Selective cleavage and modification of peptides and proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1970; 24:97-260. [PMID: 4915251 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Newman DJ, Ihle JN, Dure L. Chemical composition of a ferredoxin isolated from cotton. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 36:947-50. [PMID: 5344726 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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