Diacyl Myoinositol Monomannoside from Propionibacterium shermanii

Natural products from the Lithistida: a review of the literature since 2000

Lithistid sponges are known to produce a diverse array of compounds ranging from polyketides, cyclic and linear peptides, alkaloids, pigments, lipids, and sterols. A majority of these structurally complex compounds have very potent and interesting biological activities. It has been a decade since a thorough review has been published that summarizes the literature on the natural products reported from this amazing sponge order. This review provides an update on the current taxonomic classification of the Lithistida, describes structures and biological activities of 131 new natural products, and discusses highlights from the total syntheses of 16 compounds from marine sponges of the Order Lithistida providing a compilation of the literature since the last review published in 2002.

Glycolipids from sponges. Part 16.(1) discoside, a rare myo-inositol-containing glycolipid from the caribbean sponge Discodermia dissoluta

Discoside (1a), a glycolipid composed of 4,6-O-diacylated mannose attached to the 2-hydroxyl group of a myo-inositol unit, was isolated as a mixture of homologues from the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta. The complete stereostructure of this new glycolipid was solved by interpretation of mass spectrometric and NMR data and CD analysis of degradation products.

Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 1. Glycosides of fatty acids and alcohols

Alkyl and fatty acid glycosides have become of great commercial interest in general and specifically for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Natural surfactants are good sources for future chemical preparation of these glycosides. This review article shows an astonishing diversity of natural surfactants that could be used in laboratories and industry. More than 250 natural surfactants, including their chemical structures and biological activities, are described in this review article.

Glycerophosphoryl phosphatidyl kojibiosyl diacylglycerol, a novel phosphoglucolipid from Streptococcus faecalis

1. From Streptococcus faecalis a third novel phosphoglucolipid was isolated. It contained D-glucose, glycerol, acyl groups and phosphorus in a molar ratio of approx. 2 : 3 : 4 : 2. 2. The structure was shown to be 3(1)-O-[6 inches-(sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl), 6 foot-(1,2 diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoryl)-2 foot-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]-1(3),2-diacylglycerol. The novel lipid is related to the earlier described phosphatidyl and glycerophosphoryl kojibiosyl diacylglycerol from Streptococcus faecalis by combininb their substituents in its structure. 3. The structure of the deacylated core was accomplished by analyses of the breakdown products obtained on Smith degradation and strong alkaline hydrolysis. The location of the acyl groups was achieved by degradation of the intact lipid with 60% HF (w/v) which resulted in the formation of inorganic phosphate, glycerol, diacylglycerol and diglucosyl diacylglycerol. The sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl and 3-sn-phosphatidyl substituents were located by hydrolysis of the lipid with 98% acetic acid (v/v) and subsequent analysis of the resultant phosphatidyl diglucosyl diacylglycerol. 4. The composition and positional distribution of the constituent fatty acids at the two diacylglycerol portions was studied by combination of chemical and enzymatic degradations. The fatty acids are the same as with the other polar lipids of S. faecalis, they are present in nearly the same proportions and display the same non-random distribution pattern. 5. A possible relationship between sn-glycerol 1-phosphate containing phosphoglucolipids and lipoteichoic acid will be discussed.