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Rezaei F, Jafari S, Hemmati-Sarapardeh A, Mohammadi AH. Modeling viscosity of methane, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon gas mixtures at ultra-high pressures and temperatures using group method of data handling and gene expression programming techniques. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Sambo C, Yin Y, Djuraev U, Ghosh D. Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Optimization Algorithms for Predicting Methane Gas Viscosity at High Pressures and High temperatures Conditions. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Dargahi-Zarandi A, Hemmati-Sarapardeh A, Hajirezaie S, Dabir B, Atashrouz S. Modeling gas/vapor viscosity of hydrocarbon fluids using a hybrid GMDH-type neural network system. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Prabhu AV, Luu W, Li D, Sharpe LJ, Brown AJ. DHCR7: A vital enzyme switch between cholesterol and vitamin D production. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:138-151. [PMID: 27697512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, the final step of cholesterol synthesis in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway, is catalyzed by the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in DHCR7 lead to the developmental disease Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, which can also result in fetal mortality, highlighting the importance of this enzyme in human development and survival. Besides serving as a substrate for DHCR7, 7-dehydrocholesterol is also a precursor of vitamin D via the action of ultraviolet light on the skin. Thus, DHCR7 exerts complex biological effects, involved in both cholesterol and vitamin D production. Indeed, we argue that DHCR7 can act as a switch between cholesterol and vitamin D synthesis. This review summarizes current knowledge about the critical enzyme DHCR7, highlighting recent findings regarding its structure, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and its links to vitamin D synthesis. Greater understanding about DHCR7 function, regulation and its place within cellular metabolism will provide important insights into its biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika V Prabhu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Winnie Luu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dianfan Li
- National Center for Protein Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Laura J Sharpe
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Nishino H, Ishibashi T. Evidence for requirement of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase in the microsomal NADPH-sterol Delta7-reductase system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 374:293-8. [PMID: 10666310 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit antibodies raised against the hydrophilic part of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (denoted fpT) demonstrated a marked ability to inhibit NADPH-sterol Delta7-reductase activity. In addition, trypsin and proteinase K treatment of microsomes removed almost all microsomal electron transfer constituents from the microsomes, but the Delta7-reductase activity could be reconstituted by adding detergent-solubilized NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (denoted OR). Furthermore, after solubilization from microsomes, the Delta7-reductase activity could be reconstituted with OR in a DEAE-cellulose column chromatography eluate fraction, which contained little OR activity. In the microsomal system, carbon monoxide, ketoconazole, and miconazole, specific inhibitors of cytochrome P450, had no effect on Delta7-reductase activity. These results provide the first evidence of an essential requirement of OR, which is distinct from cytochrome P450, in the NADPH-sterol Delta7-reductase system. EDTA, o-phenanthroline and KCN markedly lowered Delta7-reductase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Among metal ions tested, only ferric ion restored the reductase activity in the EDTA-treated microsomes. These results sugguest that NADPH-sterol Delta7-reductase is membrane-bound iron-dependent protein embedded in the microsomal lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nishino
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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6
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Caughman GB, Schuster GS, Dirksen TR. Sterol metabolism and oral epithelial cell growth. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1993; 29A:693-8. [PMID: 8407712 DOI: 10.1007/bf02631425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that as the density of cultured oral epithelial cells increases, there is a concomitant increase in phospholipids and cholesterol ester synthesis and a decrease in that of cholesterol and sterol precursors. Other studies have suggested that the effects of exogenous cholesterol sulfate may be similar to growth responses and influence metabolic steps related to cell density. To further examine this possibility, in the present study lipid synthesis was monitored in hamster cheek pouch epithelial cells in cultures established at different cells densities and in the presence of varying amounts of exogenous cholesterol sulfate. Cell [14C]acetate incorporation into lipids was measured in cultures established at four densities ranging from very subconfluent to very dense (postconfluent) in two media, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 5% fetal bovine serum and KSFM, a non-serum containing keratinocyte medium. Results indicated that the relative proportion of radiolabel incorporated into different lipid classes changed with cell density. In DMEM, the percentage of radiolabel incorporated into total phospholipids and fatty acids increased significantly with increasing cell density whereas percent incorporation into cholesterol, sterol precursors, and cholesterol esters significantly decreased. In KSFM cultures, proportionate phospholipids labeling was significantly increased in more dense cultures whereas cholesterol and cholesterol esters labeling was significantly decreased. In subconfluent and confluent cultures exposed to 10 or 25 microM cholesterol sulfate, the relative proportions of phospholipid labeling also increased significantly compared to dimethyl sulfoxide (solvent) controls, whereas sterol precursors, fatty acids, and cholesterol esters labeling was significantly decreased. These results indicate that cholesterol sulfate can affect cellular lipid synthesis in a manner similar to that which occurs with increasing cell density, and strengthen the hypothesis that cholesterol sulfate may regulate lipid metabolic pathways related to growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Caughman
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, U.K
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8
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Taton M, Rahier A. Identification of delta 5,7-sterol-delta 7-reductase in higher plant microsomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 181:465-73. [PMID: 1958214 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A microsomal preparation from seedlings of Zea mays catalyzed the NADPH dependent reduction of the delta 7-bond of delta 5,7-cholestadienol (1) giving the first in vitro evidence for the intermediacy of delta 5,7-sterols in plant sterol biosynthesis. Using a GC assay developed to detect the cholesterol (2) produced, the properties of the microsomal enzyme have been established with respect to cofactor requirements and kinetics. The potent in vitro inhibition of the plant delta 5,7-sterol-delta 7-reductase by the ammonium-ion containing fungicides, tridemorph2 (3), fenpropimorph (4) and AY 9944 (5) was demonstrated. The high affinities observed for these derivatives, especially for (4) (I50 = 8 x 10(-8) M, I50/Km = 2 x 10(-4)), are in full accordance with the previously proposed cationic mechanism involved in this reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taton
- Departement d'Enzymologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de l'IBMP, CNRS UPR 406, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France
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9
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Caspi E. The mode of incorporation of C-2 hydrogen atoms of mevalonic acid into protosterols and sterols. Tetrahedron 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Holick SA, Lezin MS, Young D, Malaikal S, Holick MF. Isolation and identification of 24-dehydroprovitamin D3 and its photolysis to 24-dehydroprevitamin D3 in mammalian skin. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
The overall conclusion to be made from the information presented here is that for many reasons SCP is a highly unusual protein. Some of these reasons are, first, SCP serves as cofactor for a number of different membrane-bound enzymes catalyzing specific steps in lipid metabolism. Second, SCP is involved in intracellular transport or movement of both cholesterol and fatty acids. Third, SCP is remarkably abundant and ubiquitous; its structure is conserved throughout nature. Fourth, SCP is exported to the blood stream from its site of synthesis by some, perhaps unique, mechanism and then rapidly taken up by specific tissues, e.g., the adrenal. Fifth, SCP is free in the cytosol and can also move to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is tightly bound. Sixth, SCP undergoes a dramatic diurnal variation in amount, reflecting changes in synthetic rate. Its half-life is less than an hour. Seventh, the diurnal variation in amount is triggered by feeding and influenced by several hormones. The diurnal variation is lost but a high level of SCP is maintained in the face of debilitating conditions, i.e., starvation, diabetes. Eighth, malignant cells exhibit defects in the uptake, synthesis, or turnover of SCP. Ninth, the synthesis of SCP is regulated by the efficiency of translation of its ever abundant mRNA. Tenth, there is much more to be learned about the functions and regulation of SCP.
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12
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Formation of fatty acid esterified vitamin D3 in rat skin by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. J Lipid Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Song MK, Dempsey ME. Requirement for a major soluble protein in the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol by membrane-bound enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 211:523-9. [PMID: 7305386 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Koroly MJ, Dempsey ME. Synthesis of delta 5,22-cholestadien-3 beta-ol from delta 5,7,22-cholestatrien-3 beta-ol by a liver enzyme. Lipids 1981; 16:755-8. [PMID: 6170859 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The rat liver enzyme system, which catalyzes reduction of delta 5,7,24-cholestatrien-3 beta-ol to cholesterol (delta 5-cholesten-3 beta-ol), converted radiolabeled delta 5,7,22-cholestatrien-3 beta-ol to delta 5,22-cholestadien-3 beta-ol, but not to cholesterol. This enzyme system thus contains membrane-bound delta 7- and delta 24-reductase and no delta 22-reductase. Kinetic and competition studies showed that the enzyme system contains a single delta 5,7-sterol delta 7-reductase, which is not influenced by unsaturation at the delta 22-position of the sterol side chain. The identity of delta 5,22-cholestadienol was established by chromatographic, spectral and chemical analyses. Use of the enzyme system and readily available delta 5,7,22-cholestatrienol provides a facile procedure for specific production of delta 5,22-cholestadien-3 beta-ol in quantity.
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Dempsey M, McCoy K, Baker H, Dimitriadou-Vafiadou A, Lorsbach T, Howard J. Large scale purification and structural characterization of squalene and sterol carrier protein. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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17
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Akhtar M, part) C. Jones (. Some biological transformations involving unsaturated linkages: the importance of charge separation and charge neutralization in enzyme catalysis. Tetrahedron 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(78)88126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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19
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Schuster GS, Dirksen TR, Harms WS. Effect of exogenous lipid on lipid synthesis by bone and bone cell cultures. J Dent Res 1975; 54:131-9. [PMID: 1053753 DOI: 10.1177/00220345750540010701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn rat calvaria and isolated calvaria cells are capable of de novo lipid synthesis when grown in the presence or absence of exogenous lipid sources. Synthesis decreases when exogenous lipids are supplied. Several cholesterol precursors were found in these tissues and the presence of dihydrocholesterol was established for the first time.
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20
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Scala A, Galli-Kienle M, Anastasia M, Galli G. The reversibility of the isomerization of the delta8 to delta7 bond in cholesterol biosynthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 48:263-9. [PMID: 4475632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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22
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Chemical Synthesis of Δ7,24-[3α-3H]Cholestadien-3β-ol and Its Conversion to Cholesterol in the Rat. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Bojesen I, Roepstorff P. Identification of C sterols produced by rat renal inner medulla in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 316:83-90. [PMID: 4722467 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Johnson RC, Shah SN. Evidence for the participation of two soluble noncatalytic proteins in hepatic microsomal cholesterol synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 53:105-11. [PMID: 4741538 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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26
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27
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28
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The Fate of the 6α-Hydrogen of 5α-Cholest-7-en-3β-ol in the Conversion to 7-Dehydrocholesterol by Rat Liver Microsomes. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)76985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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29
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Ritter MC, Dempsey ME. Specificity and Role in Cholesterol Biosynthesis of a Squalene and Sterol Carrier Protein. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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31
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Rothblat GH, Burns CH, Conner RL, Landrey JR. Desmosterol as the major sterol in L-cell mouse fibroblasts grown in sterol-free culture medium. Science 1970; 169:880-2. [PMID: 5432584 DOI: 10.1126/science.169.3948.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The principal sterol synthesized by L-cell mouse fibroblasts is desmosterol. Cholesterol was not detected in these cells when they were grown in a sterol-free culture medium. These findings indicate that, in cells, cholesterol can be replaced by desmosterol. Sterol analyses of six other tissue culture cell lines revealed cholesterol synthesis.
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32
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Ritter MC, Dempsey ME. Purification and characterization of a naturally occurring activator of cholesterol biosynthesis from delta 5,7-cholestadienol and other precursors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 38:921-9. [PMID: 4392360 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Lee WH, Lutsky BN, Schroepfer GJ. 5α-Cholest-8(14)-en-3β-ol, a Possible Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Cholesterol. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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34
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Studies on the Mechanism of the Enzymatic Conversion of Δ8-Cholesten-3β-ol to Δ7-Cholesten-3β-ol. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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35
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[21] Rat liver sterol Δ24-reductase. Methods Enzymol 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(69)15023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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37
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[20] Δ7-sterol Δ5-dehydrogenase and Δ5,7-sterol Δ7-reductase of rat liver. Methods Enzymol 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(69)15022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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38
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Dempsey ME. The Effect of Hypoglycemic Agents on Cholesterol Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6866-7_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Swindell AC, Gaylor JL. Investigation of the Component Reactions of Oxidative Sterol Demethylation. J Biol Chem 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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40
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Black ML, Rodney G, Capps DB. Simultaneous inhibition of alternative pathways of cholesterol biosynthesis by two related hypocholesteremic agents. Biochem Pharmacol 1968; 17:1803-14. [PMID: 5688268 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(68)90096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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41
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Fried J, Dudowitz A, Brown JW. Enzymatic conversion of 32-oxygenated delta-7-lanosterol derivatives and of delta-8(14)-4,4-dimethyl-cholestenol to cholesterol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1968; 32:568-74. [PMID: 5666740 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(68)90701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Nair PP, Gordon M, Tepper SA, Kritchevsky D. Conversion of Δ5,7-Cholestadien-3β-ol to 3α, 7α, 12α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholanoic Acid in the Bile Fistula Rat. J Biol Chem 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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43
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Canonica L, Fiecchi A, Galli Kienle M, Scala A. The stereochemistry of hydrogen elimination in the biological conversion of 5 alpha-cholest-8-en-3 beta-ol to 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol. Steroids 1968; 11:749-53. [PMID: 5671483 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(68)80091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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44
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Gershengorn MC, Smith AR, Goulston G, Goad LJ, Goodwin TW, Haines TH. The sterols of Ochromonas danica and Ochromonas malhamensis. Biochemistry 1968; 7:1698-706. [PMID: 4297052 DOI: 10.1021/bi00845a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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46
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Canonica L, Fiecchi A, Kienle MG, Scala A, Galli G, Paoletti EG, Paoletti R. The biological conversion of 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol to 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Steroids 1968; 11:287-98. [PMID: 5642322 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(68)80141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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47
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Paliokas AM, Schroepfer GJ. Stereospecificity in the Enzymatic Conversion of Δ7-Cholesten-3β-ol to 7-Dehydrocholesterol. J Biol Chem 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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48
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49
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Scallen TJ, Krueger W. Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra of Δ24- and C-24 saturated steroids. J Lipid Res 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)43152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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50
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Horning EC, Brooks CJ, Vanden Heuvel WJ. Gas phase analytical methods for the study of steroids. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1968; 6:273-392. [PMID: 4886232 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9942-9.50014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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