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Yu HC, Jeon YG, Na AY, Han CY, Lee MR, Yang JD, Yu HC, Son JB, Kim ND, Kim JB, Lee S, Bae EJ, Park BH. p21-activated kinase 4 counteracts PKA-dependent lipolysis by phosphorylating FABP4 and HSL. Nat Metab 2024; 6:94-112. [PMID: 38216738 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue lipolysis is mediated by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent intracellular signalling. Here, we show that PKA targets p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), leading to its protein degradation. Adipose tissue-specific overexpression of PAK4 in mice attenuates lipolysis and exacerbates diet-induced obesity. Conversely, adipose tissue-specific knockout of Pak4 or the administration of a PAK4 inhibitor in mice ameliorates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance while enhancing lipolysis. Pak4 knockout also increases energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning activity. Mechanistically, PAK4 directly phosphorylates fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) at T126 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at S565, impairing their interaction and thereby inhibiting lipolysis. Levels of PAK4 and the phosphorylation of FABP4-T126 and HSL-S565 are enhanced in the visceral fat of individuals with obesity compared to their lean counterparts. In summary, we have uncovered an important role for FABP4 phosphorylation in regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, and PAK4 inhibition may offer a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang Chan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Mi Rin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae Bum Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
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2
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Mechanick JI, Zhao S, Garvey WT. The Adipokine-Cardiovascular-Lifestyle Network. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:1785-1803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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3
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Bag S, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A. fabp4 is central to eight obesity associated genes: A functional gene network-based polymorphic study. J Theor Biol 2015; 364:344-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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4
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Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is an important hub in insulin signaling and its activation is tightly regulated. Upon insulin stimulation, IR is activated through autophosphorylation, and consequently phosphorylates several insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, including IRS1-6, Shc and Gab1. Certain adipokines have also been found to activate IR. On the contrary, PTP, Grb and SOCS proteins, which are responsible for the negative regulation of IR, are characterized as IR inhibitors. Additionally, many other proteins have been identified as IR substrates and participate in the insulin signaling pathway. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the signals mediated through IR, we reviewed the upstream and downstream signal molecules of IR, summarized the positive and negative modulators of IR, and discussed the IR substrates and interacting adaptor proteins. We propose that the molecular events associated with IR should be integrated to obtain a better understanding of the insulin signaling pathway and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Du
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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5
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Berberián G, Podjarny A, DiPolo R, Beaugé L. Metabolic regulation of the squid nerve Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger: recent kinetic, biochemical and structural developments. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 108:47-63. [PMID: 21964458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchangers are structural membrane proteins, essential for the extrusion of Ca²⁺ from most animal cells. Apart from the transport sites, they have several interacting ionic and metabolic sites located at the intracellular loop of the exchanger protein. One of these, the intracellular Ca²⁺ regulatory sites, are essential and must be occupied by Ca²⁺ to allow any type of ion (Na⁺ or Ca²⁺) translocation. Intracellular protons and Na⁺ are inhibitory by reducing the affinity of the regulatory sites for Ca²⁺; MgATP stimulates by antagonizing H⁺ and Na⁺. We have proposed a kinetic scheme to explain all ionic and metabolic regulation of the squid nerve Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger. This model uniquely accounts for most of the new kinetic data provided here; however, none of the existing models can explain the trans effects of the Ca(i)²⁺-regulatory sites on external cation transport sites; i.e. all models are incomplete. MgATP up-regulation of the squid Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger requires a cytosolic protein, which has been recently identified as a member of the lipocalin super family of Lipid Binding Proteins (LBP or FABP) of 132 amino acids (ReP1-NCXSQ, access to GenBank EU981897). This protein was cloned, expressed and purified. To be active, ReP1-NCXSQ must be phosphorylated from MgATP by a kinase present in the plasma membrane. Phosphorylated ReP1-NCXSQ can stimulate the exchanger in the absence of ATP. Experiments with proteoliposomes proved that this up-regulation can take place just with the lipid membrane and the exchanger protein. The structure of ReP1-NCXSQ predicted from the amino acid sequence has been confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis; it has a "barrel" formed by ten beta sheets and two alpha helices, with a lipid coordinated by hydrogen bonds with Arg 126 and Tyr 128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Berberián
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Instituto de Investigación Médica "Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra" (INIMEC-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 389, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Jordanova R, Groves MR, Kostova E, Woltersdorf C, Liebau E, Tucker PA. Fatty acid- and retinoid-binding proteins have distinct binding pockets for the two types of cargo. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:35818-26. [PMID: 19828452 PMCID: PMC2791011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.022731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes cause serious diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They have limited lipid metabolism and are reliant on lipid-binding proteins to acquire these metabolites from their hosts. Several structurally novel families of lipid-binding proteins in nematodes have been described, including the fatty acid- and retinoid-binding protein family (FAR). In Caenorhabditis elegans, used as a model for studying parasitic nematodes, eight C. elegans FAR proteins have been described. The crystal structure of C. elegans FAR-7 is the first structure of a FAR protein, and it exhibits a novel fold. It differs radically from the mammalian fatty acid-binding proteins and has two ligand binding pockets joined by a surface groove. The first can accommodate the aliphatic chain of fatty acids, whereas the second can accommodate the bulkier retinoids. In addition to demonstrating lipid binding by fluorescence spectroscopy, we present evidence that retinol binding is positively regulated by casein kinase II phosphorylation at a conserved site near the bottom of the second pocket. far-7::GFP (green fluorescent protein) expression shows that it is localized in the head hypodermal syncytia and the excretory cell but that this localization changes under starvation conditions. In conclusion, our study provides the basic structural and functional information for investigation of inhibitors of lipid binding by FAR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rositsa Jordanova
- From the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, 22603 Hamburg, Germany and
| | - Matthew R. Groves
- From the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, 22603 Hamburg, Germany and
| | - Elena Kostova
- From the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, 22603 Hamburg, Germany and
| | | | - Eva Liebau
- the Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Paul A. Tucker
- From the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, 22603 Hamburg, Germany and
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7
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Gorbenko O, Filonenko V, Gout I. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against FABP4. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2006; 25:86-90. [PMID: 16704309 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2006.25.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a key mediator of intracellular transport and metabolism of fatty acids in adipose tissues. FABP4 binds fatty acids with high affinity and transports them to various compartments in the cell. When in complex with fatty acids, FABP4 interacts with and modulates the activity of two important regulators of metabolism: hormone-sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Genetic studies in mice clearly indicated that deregulation of FABP4 function may lead to the development of severe diseases such as diabetes II type and atherosclerosis. In this study, we report the production and detailed characterization of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against FABP4. Recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-FABP4 or His-FABP4 was expressed in bacteria, affinity purified, and used for immunization of mice, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening, and characterization of selected clones. We have isolated two hybridoma clones that produced antibodies specific for recombinant and native FABP4, as shown by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. The specificity of generated antibodies was further tested in a cell-based model of adipogenesis. In this analysis, the accumulation of FABP4 during NIH 3T3-L1 differentiation into adipocytes was detected by generated antibodies, which correlates well with previously published data. Taken together, we produced MAbs that will be useful for the scientific community working on fatty acid-binding proteins and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Gorbenko
- Department of Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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8
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Tchoukalova YD, Sarr MG, Jensen MD. Measuring committed preadipocytes in human adipose tissue from severely obese patients by using adipocyte fatty acid binding protein. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R1132-40. [PMID: 15284082 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00337.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To understand the significance of the reported depot differences in preadipocyte dynamics, we developed a procedure to identify committed preadipocytes in the stromovascular fraction of fresh human adipose tissue. We documented that adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) is expressed in human preadipocyte clones capable of replication, indicating that can be used as a marker of committed preadipocytes. Because aP2 expression can be induced in macrophages, stromovascular cells were also stained for the macrophage marker CD68. We found aP2+CD68- cells (designated as committed preadipocytes) that did not have lipid droplets (true preadipocytes) and that did have lipid droplets < 6.5 microm in diameter (very immature adipocytes). Adipose tissue from subcutaneous, omental, and mesenteric depots was obtained from nine patients undergoing bariatric surgery for measurement of stromovascular cell number, the number of committed preadipocytes (aP2+CD68-), aP2+ macrophages (aP2+CD68+), and aP2- macrophages (aP2-CD68+). The number of committed preadipocytes did not differ significantly between depots but varied >20-fold among individuals. Total cell number, stromovascular cell number, and the number of aP2- macrophages was less (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous than in omental fat (means +/- SE, in millions: subcutaneous, 2.3 +/- 0.3, 1.4 +/- 0.3, and 0.17 +/- 0.08; and omental, 4.8 +/- 0.7, 3.8 +/- 0.5, and 0.34 +/- 0.06); mesenteric depot was intermediate. These data indicate that the cellular composition of adipose tissue varies between depots and between individuals. The ability to quantify committed preadipocytes in fresh adipose tissue should facilitate study of adipose tissue biology.
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9
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Abstract
The characteristics and possible functions of the most abundant proteins associated with the bovine milk-fat globule membrane are reviewed. Under the auspices of the Milk Protein Nomenclature Committee of the ADSA, a revised nomenclature for the major membrane proteins is proposed and discussed in relation to earlier schemes. We recommend that proteins be assigned specific names as they are identified by molecular cloning and sequencing techniques. The practice of identifying proteins according to their Mr, electrophoretic mobility, or staining characteristics should be discontinued, except for uncharacterized proteins. The properties and amino acid sequences of the following proteins are discussed in detail: MUC1, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, CD36, butyrophilin, adipophilin, periodic acid Schiff 6/7 (PAS 6/7), and fatty acid binding protein. In addition, a compilation of less abundant proteins associated with the bovine milk-fat globule membrane is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Mather
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.
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10
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Preparation of an unprotected phosphotyrosine building block and its application in solid-phase synthesis of phosphopeptides. Int J Pept Res Ther 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02443506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Kido T, Namiki H. Evidence that the PERF 15 Germ Cell Specific Protein Associates with DNA in the Presence of Ca2+. Zoolog Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.16.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Trigatti BL, Anderson RG, Gerber GE. Identification of caveolin-1 as a fatty acid binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 255:34-9. [PMID: 10082651 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify high affinity, fatty acid binding proteins present in 3T3-L1 adipocytes plasma membranes, we labeled proteins in purified plasma membranes with the photoreactive fatty acid analogue, 11-m-diazirinophenoxy[11-3H]undecanoate. A single membrane protein of 22 kDa was covalently labeled after photolysis. This protein fractionated with caveolin-1 containing caveolae and was immunoprecipitated by an anti-caveolin-1 monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, 2D-PAGE analysis revealed that both the alpha and beta isoforms of caveolin-1 could be labeled by the photoreactive fatty acid upon photolysis, indicating that both bind fatty acids. The saturable binding of the photoreactive fatty acid suggests caveolin-1 has a lipid binding site that may either operate during intracellular lipid traffic or regulate caveolin-1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
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13
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Glatz JF, van der Vusse GJ. Cellular fatty acid-binding proteins: their function and physiological significance. Prog Lipid Res 1996; 35:243-82. [PMID: 9082452 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(96)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Glatz
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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14
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Schnütgen F, Börchers T, Müller T, Spener F. Heterologous expression and characterisation of mouse brain fatty acid binding protein. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1996; 377:211-5. [PMID: 8722323 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1996.377.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel brain-type member of the fatty acid binding protein family (B-FABP) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, either as inclusion bodies at 37 degrees C or in soluble form at 22 degrees C. Both B-FABP renatured from inclusion bodies and the solubly expressed protein could be purified to homogeneity by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration in a functional conformation as they bound oleic acid with high affinity. None of the five cysteines of B-FABP was involved in disulphide bond formation. Isoelectric focusing revealed heterogeneity of the renatured protein but not of the solubly expressed protein. By Western blotting using affinity purified rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant B-FABP it was demonstrated that in adult mice, B-FABP is predominantly expressed in the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schnütgen
- Institut für Biochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Veerkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Prinsen CF, Werten PJ, Maassen JA, Veerkamp JH. No significant tyrosine phosphorylation of muscle fatty acid-binding protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1215:103-8. [PMID: 7947990 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)90097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As suggested by the work on adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), other FABPs with a tyrosine kinase consensus sequence could possibly be phosphorylated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Upon stimulation with insulin, recombinant human muscle fatty acid-binding protein (M-FABP) was phosphorylated in vitro by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase only to a slight extent (< 0.1%). Rat soleus muscle shows at incubation autophosphorylation of insulin receptors but not phosphorylation of M-FABP after insulin stimulation. Vanadate and phenylarsine oxide had no effect on the extent of phosphorylation of M-FABP in vitro and in soleus muscle. Our results do not indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of M-FABP is an important physiological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Prinsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Haunerland NH. Fatty acid binding protein in locust and mammalian muscle. Comparison of structure, function and regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1994; 109:199-208. [PMID: 7553341 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The flight muscle of adult desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, contains a fatty acid binding protein (FABP) that is homologous to mammalian M-FABP (cardiac FABP. In spite of the evolutionary distance between invertebrates and vertebrates, locust muscle FABP is similar to cardiac FABP in its amino acid sequence, structure, and binding behavior. While cardiac FABP is present already in the prenatal period, locust FABP is an adult specific protein; its expression is directly linked to metamorphosis. A correlation seems to exist between fatty acid oxidative capacity and FABP content in both locust and mammals. To accomplish the higher metabolic rate encountered during migratory flight, locust flight muscle cytosol contains more than three times as much FABP as that in mammalian heart. Increased fatty acid utilization by exercise or endurance training apparently induces FABP expression. Similarities and differences between vertebrate and invertebrate M-FABP are discussed in light of the proposed functions of muscle FABP as fatty acid transporter and cytoprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Haunerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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18
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Maatman RG, Degano M, Van Moerkerk HT, Van Marrewijk WJ, Van der Horst DJ, Sacchettini JC, Veerkamp JH. Primary structure and binding characteristics of locust and human muscle fatty-acid-binding proteins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 221:801-10. [PMID: 8174560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The conservation between muscle fatty-acid-binding proteins (M-FABP) of Locusta migratoria flight muscle and human skeletal muscle was investigated. The locust M-FABP cDNA (632 bp) was isolated by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The identities of the locust and human M-FABP on the cDNA and protein levels were 54% and 42%, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence of locust M-FABP indicated a molecular mass of 14935 Da and isoelectric point 6.1. The locust M-FABP was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatographies and compared with the recombinant human M-FABP with respect to immunological and binding properties. In spite of the high sequence similarity, the proteins did not show immunological cross-reactivity. The binding parameters of locust M-FABP were analyzed with radiolabeled oleic acid by the Lipidex assay and titration microcalorimetry. Both methods revealed a Kd for oleic acid of 0.5 microM and a binding stoichiometry of 1 mol fatty acid/mol FABP. The delta H, delta G and delta S for oleic acid binding were -146 kJ.mol-1 and -36 J.mol-1 and -369 J.mol-1.K-1 respectively. All the information obtained from binding, fluorescence and displacement studies indicated that locust M-FABP has binding characteristics similar to human M-FABP. Finally the recombinant locust M-FABP was crystallized with and without oleic acid. All crystals were trigonal in the P3(1)21 space group. The unit cell dimensions were a = b = 5.89 nm and c = 14.42 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Maatman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Banaszak L, Winter N, Xu Z, Bernlohr DA, Cowan S, Jones TA. Lipid-binding proteins: a family of fatty acid and retinoid transport proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1994; 45:89-151. [PMID: 8154375 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Banaszak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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20
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Ricquier D, Cassard-Doulcier AM. The biochemistry of white and brown adipocytes analysed from a selection of proteins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 218:785-96. [PMID: 8281930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Ricquier
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et le Développement, CNRS-UPR, Meudon, France
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21
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Veerkamp JH, van Kuppevelt TH, Maatman RG, Prinsen CF. Structural and functional aspects of cytosolic fatty acid-binding proteins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993; 49:887-906. [PMID: 8140117 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(93)90174-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Veerkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Melki SA, Abumrad NA. Expression of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein in streptozotocin-diabetes: effects of insulin deficiency and supplementation. J Lipid Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)36945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Fatty acid-binding protein from rat heart is phosphorylated on Tyr19 in response to insulin stimulation. J Lipid Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)36965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
A new oral agent, 5-[4-[2-(5-ethyl-12-pyridyl)ethoxy]-benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione, or pioglitazone, has been developed for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We examined its effectiveness in high-fat-fed rats resistant to insulin. Administration of the agent (10 mg.kg-1 x d-1) for 2 weeks resulted in decreases in hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, indicating that insulin sensitivity had increased in vivo in high-fat-fed rats. To clarify the mechanism of the drug, we examined insulin binding and kinase activity of insulin receptors from muscles of both untreated and treated high-fat-fed rats. Pioglitazone treatment did not change insulin binding in high-fat-fed rats, but increased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of insulin receptors to the level of control animals. Kinase activity toward an exogenous substrate, poly Glu4-Tyr1, in pioglitazone-treated high-fat-fed rats was also increased to the level of control animals. These results suggest that pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity by activating tyrosine kinase activity of receptors in high-fat-fed rats, and this drug appears to be a useful one with a new mode of action for the treatment of NIDDM with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwanishi
- First Department of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan
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25
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The adipocyte lipid-binding protein at 1.6-A resolution. Crystal structures of the apoprotein and with bound saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Greenwood
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616
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Strauch MA, de Mendoza D, Hoch JA. cis-unsaturated fatty acids specifically inhibit a signal-transducing protein kinase required for initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 1992; 6:2909-17. [PMID: 1479883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by the Spo0A transcription factor which is activated by phosphorylation through a phosphorelay mechanism that is dependent upon the activity of one or more protein kinases. The enzymatic activity of one of these protein kinases, KinA, was found to be inhibited in vitro by certain fatty acids. The most potent inhibitors have at least one unsaturated double bond in the cis configuration and a chain length of 16-20 carbon atoms. Homologous isomers with a trans double bond are not inhibitory. Saturated straight- or branched-chain fatty acids are either much weaker inhibitors or have no effect. The inhibitors prevent autophosphorylation of KinA and are non-competitive with ATP. B. subtilis phospholipids were found to contain at least one as yet unidentified type of fatty acid that, when present in an unesterified form, inhibited KinA. The results suggest that the concentration of a specific unsaturated fatty acid may act as a signal linking the initiation of sporulation to the status of membrane synthesis and septation or some other specific membrane-associated activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Strauch
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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28
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Zanotti G, Scapin G, Spadon P, Veerkamp J, Sacchettini J. Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human muscle fatty acid-binding protein. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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29
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Price HM, Ryan RO, Haunerland NH. Primary structure of locust flight muscle fatty acid binding protein. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 297:285-90. [PMID: 1497348 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90674-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from flight muscle of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, has been determined. The sequence of the N-terminal 39 amino acid residues, determined by automated Edman degradation, was used to prepare a degenerate oligonucleotide that corresponded to amino acid residues 16-23. cDNA coding for FABP was constructed from flight muscle mRNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using the degenerate oligonucleotide and an oligo dT-NotI primer adapter as primers. The amplification product was cloned and sequenced. Additionally, a cDNA library of flight muscle mRNA was prepared and screened with a 414-bp probe prepared from the clone. The primary structure of locust FABP was compared with the proteins in the Swiss protein databank and found to have significant homology with mammalian FABPs over the entire 133-residue sequence. The best match was versus human heart FABP (41% identity), attesting to the highly conserved nature of this protein. The results suggest that locust muscle FABP is a member of the lipid binding protein superfamily and may provide valuable insight into the evolution of this abundant protein class.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Price
- Lipid and Lipoprotein Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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30
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Vancura A, Haldar D. Regulation of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipid synthesis by liver fatty acid-binding protein. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Shekels LL, Smith AJ, Van Etten RL, Bernlohr DA. Identification of the adipocyte acid phosphatase as a PAO-sensitive tyrosyl phosphatase. Protein Sci 1992; 1:710-21. [PMID: 1304913 PMCID: PMC2142247 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have partially purified an 18-kDa cytoplasmic protein from 3T3-L1 cells, which dephosphorylates pNPP and the phosphorylated adipocyte lipid binding protein (ALBP), and have identified it by virtue of kinetic and immunological criteria as an acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2). The cytoplasmic acid phosphatase was inactivated by phenylarsine oxide (PAO) (Kinact = 10 microM), and the inactivation could be reversed by the dithiol, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (Kreact = 23 microM), but not the monothiol, 2-mercaptoethanol. Cloning of the human adipocyte acid phosphatase revealed that two isoforms exist, termed HAAP alpha and HAAP beta (human adipocyte acid phosphatase), which are distinguished by a 34-amino acid isoform-specific domain. Sequence analysis shows HAAP alpha and HAAP beta share 74% and 90% identity with the bovine liver acid phosphatase, respectively, and 99% identity with both isoenzymes of the human red cell acid phosphatase but no sequence similarity to the protein tyrosine phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.48). HAAP beta has been cloned into Escherichia coli, expressed, and purified as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. Recombinant HAAP beta was shown to dephosphorylate pNPP and phosphoALBP and to be inactivated by PAO and inhibited by vanadate (Ki = 17 microM). These results describe the adipocyte acid phosphatase as a cytoplasmic enzyme containing conformationally vicinal cysteine residues with properties that suggest it may dephosphorylate tyrosyl phosphorylated cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Shekels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Glenney JR. Tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins: mediators of signal transduction from the tyrosine kinases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1134:113-27. [PMID: 1554748 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(92)90034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Glenney
- Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536-0093
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Xu Z, Buelt M, Banaszak L, Bernlohr D. Expression, purification, and crystallization of the adipocyte lipid binding protein. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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