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Zhong J, Li J, Burton GJ, Koistinen H, Cheung KW, Ng EHY, Yao Y, Yeung WSB, Lee CL, Chiu PCN. The functional roles of protein glycosylation in human maternal-fetal crosstalk. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:81-108. [PMID: 37699855 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of maternal-fetal crosstalk is vital to a successful pregnancy. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification in which glycans (monosaccharide chains) are attached to an organic molecule. Glycans are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Human endometrial epithelium, endometrial gland secretions, decidual immune cells, and trophoblasts are highly enriched with glycoconjugates and glycan-binding molecules important for a healthy pregnancy. Aberrant glycosylation in the placenta and uterus has been linked to repeated implantation failure and various pregnancy complications, but there is no recent review summarizing the functional roles of glycosylation at the maternal-fetal interface and their associations with pathological processes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to summarize recent findings on glycosylation, glycosyltransferases, and glycan-binding receptors at the maternal-fetal interface, and their involvement in regulating the biology and pathological conditions associated with endometrial receptivity, placentation and maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Current knowledge limitations and future insights into the study of glycobiology in reproduction are discussed. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: glycosylation, glycosyltransferases, glycan-binding proteins, endometrium, trophoblasts, maternal-fetal immunotolerance, siglec, selectin, galectin, repeated implantation failure, early pregnancy loss, recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Relevant reports published between 1980 and 2023 and studies related to these reports were retrieved and reviewed. Only publications written in English were included. OUTCOMES The application of ultrasensitive mass spectrometry tools and lectin-based glycan profiling has enabled characterization of glycans present at the maternal-fetal interface and in maternal serum. The endometrial luminal epithelium is covered with highly glycosylated mucin that regulates blastocyst adhesion during implantation. In the placenta, fucose and sialic acid residues are abundantly presented on the villous membrane and are essential for proper placentation and establishment of maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Glycan-binding receptors, including selectins, sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) and galectins, also modulate implantation, trophoblast functions and maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Aberrant glycosylation is associated with repeated implantation failure, early pregnancy loss and various pregnancy complications. The current limitation in the field is that most glycobiological research relies on association studies, with few studies revealing the specific functions of glycans. Technological advancements in analytic, synthetic and functional glycobiology have laid the groundwork for further exploration of glycans in reproductive biology under both physiological and pathological conditions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS A deep understanding of the functions of glycan structures would provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in the physiological and pathological regulation of early pregnancy. Glycans may also potentially serve as novel early predictive markers and therapeutic targets for repeated implantation failure, pregnancy loss, and other pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Graham J Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ka Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Focarelli R, Luddi A, De Leo V, Capaldo A, Stendardi A, Pavone V, Benincasa L, Belmonte G, Petraglia F, Piomboni P. Dysregulation of GdA Expression in Endometrium of Women With Endometriosis: Implication for Endometrial Receptivity. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:579-586. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117718276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Capaldo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Anita Stendardi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Linda Benincasa
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
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Schwartz LB, Naftolin F, Lyttle CR, Penzias AS, Meaddough EL, Kliman HJ. Mouse Ascites Golgi (MAG) Mucin Expression and Regulation by Progesterone in the Rat Uterus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760100800406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erika L. Meaddough
- Department of Obstetrics of Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey J. Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics of Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Reproductive and Placental Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gnecology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, 312 FMB, New Haven, CT 06520-8063 http://info.med.yale.edu/obgyn/kliman
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Nass N, Dittmer A, Hellwig V, Lange T, Beyer JM, Leyh B, Ignatov A, Weiβenborn C, Kirkegaard T, Lykkesfeldt AE, Kalinski T, Dittmer J. Expression of transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) in breast cancer and its association with drug response. Oncotarget 2016; 7:38408-38426. [PMID: 27224909 PMCID: PMC5122400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that stromal cells desensitize breast cancer cells to the anti-estrogen fulvestrant and, along with it, downregulate the expression of TMEM26 (transmembrane protein 26). In an effort to study the function and regulation of TMEM26 in breast cancer cells, we found that breast cancer cells express non-glycosylated and N-glycosylated isoforms of the TMEM26 protein and demonstrate that N-glycosylation is important for its retention at the plasma membrane. Fulvestrant induced significant changes in expression and in the N-glycosylation status of TMEM26. In primary breast cancer, TMEM26 protein expression was higher in ERα (estrogen receptor α)/PR (progesterone receptor)-positive cancers. These data suggest that ERα is a major regulator of TMEM26. Significant changes in TMEM26 expression and N-glycosylation were also found, when MCF-7 and T47D cells acquired fulvestrant resistance. Furthermore, patients who received aromatase inhibitor treatment tend to have a higher risk of recurrence when tumoral TMEM26 protein expression is low. In addition, TMEM26 negatively regulates the expression of integrin β1, an important factor involved in endocrine resistance. Data obtained by spheroid formation assays confirmed that TMEM26 and integrin β1 can have opposite effects in breast cancer cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that, in ERα-positive breast cancer, TMEM26 may function as a tumor suppressor by impeding the acquisition of endocrine resistance. In contrast, in ERα-negative breast cancer, particularly triple-negative cancer, high TMEM26 expression was found to be associated with a higher risk of recurrence. This implies that TMEM26 has different functions in ERα-positive and -negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Nass
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Pathologie, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angela Dittmer
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Vicky Hellwig
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Theresia Lange
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirjam Beyer
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Benjamin Leyh
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsfrauenklinik, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christine Weiβenborn
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsfrauenklinik, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tove Kirkegaard
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Present address: Department of Surgery, Koege Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Anne E Lykkesfeldt
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Pathologie, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Dittmer
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Alvarado-Díaz CP, Núñez MT, Devoto L, González-Ramos R. Endometrial expression and in vitro modulation of the iron transporter divalent metal transporter-1: implications for endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:393-401. [PMID: 27117373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) expression in healthy women's and endometriosis patients' endometrium and to analyze DMT1 and ferritin light chain (Fn-L) expression modulation by iron overload and IL-1β in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). DESIGN Observational and experimental study. SETTING University hospital research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Thirty-one healthy women and 24 endometriosis patients. INTERVENTION(S) Menstrual, proliferative, and secretory endometrial biopsies. Isolated ESCs from seven endometrial biopsies incubated with IL-1β or FeSO4 overload for 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Divalent metal transporter-1 endometrial protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Divalent metal transporter-1 and Fn-L proteins expression in stimulated ESCs evaluated by Western blot. RESULT(S) Divalent metal transporter-1 is expressed throughout the menstrual cycle in human endometrium. Four endometrial DMT1 variants were identified accordingly to their molecular weight: DMT-80, -65, -55, and -50. Endometrial expression of DMT-80 and -55 is higher in endometriosis patients than in healthy women. In ESCs, iron overload induces an overexpression of DMT-80, DMT-50, and Fn-L, whereas IL-1β increases DMT-80 and -50 expressions and decreases Fn-L expression. CONCLUSION(S) Divalent metal transporter-1 overexpression in endometriosis patients' endometrium can increase iron influx to endometrial cells, inducing oxidative stress-mediated proinflammatory signaling. In turn, endometriosis-related conditions, as iron overload and inflammation (IL-1β), enhance endometriosis patients endometrial DMT1 expression, creating a vicious circle on DMT-1-modulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Patricio Alvarado-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Tulio Núñez
- Instituto de Dinámica Celular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Devoto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Gao J, Xu D, Sabat G, Valdivia H, Xu W, Shi NQ. Disrupting KATP channels diminishes the estrogen-mediated protection in female mutant mice during ischemia-reperfusion. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:19. [PMID: 24936167 PMCID: PMC4047774 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen has been shown to mediate protection in female hearts against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) stress. Composed by a Kir6.2 pore and an SUR2 regulatory subunit, cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) remain quiescent under normal physiological conditions but they are activated by stress stimuli to confer protection to the heart. It remains unclear whether KATP is a regulatory target of estrogen in the female-specific I-R signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed at delineating the molecular mechanism underlying estrogen modulation on KATP channel activity during I-R. Materials and methods We employed KATP knockout mice in which SUR2 is disrupted (SUR2KO) to characterize their I-R response using an in vivo occlusion model. To test the protective effects of estrogen, female mice were ovariectomized and implanted with 17β-estradiol (E2) or placebo pellets (0.1 μg/g/day, 21-day release) before receiving an I-R treatment. Comparative proteomic analyses were performed to assess pathway-level alterations between KO-IR and WT-IR hearts. Results and discussion Echocardiographic results indicated that KO females were pre-disposed to cardiac dysfunction at baseline. The mutant mice were more susceptible to I-R stress by having bigger infarcts (46%) than WT controls (31%). The observation was confirmed using ovariectomized mice implanted with E2 or placebo. However, the estrogen-mediated protection was diminished in KO hearts. Expression studies showed that the SUR2 protein level, but not RNA level, was up-regulated in WT-IR mice relative to untreated controls possibly via PTMs. Our antibodies detected different glycosylated SUR2 receptor species after the PNGase F treatment, suggesting that SUR2 could be modified by N-glycosylation. We subsequently showed that E2 could further induce the formation of complex-glycosylated SUR2. Additional time-point experiments revealed that I-R hearts had increased levels of N-glycosylated SUR2; and DPM1, the first committed step enzyme in the N-glycosylation pathway. Comparative proteomic profiling identified 41 differentially altered protein hits between KO-IR and WT-IR mice encompassing those related to estrogen biosynthesis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that KATP is likely a downstream regulatory target of estrogen and it is indispensable in female I-R signaling. Increasing SUR2 expression by N-glycosylation mediated by estrogen may be effective to enhance KATP channel subunit expression in I-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiong Gao
- Computational Biology Center and Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science and CS Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Grzegorz Sabat
- Biotechnology Center, Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hector Valdivia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Ave., 26-235 N, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, 1400 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nian-Qing Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Room 8418, WIMR II, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Augustyniak D, Hirnle L, Kątnik-Prastowska I. Lectin-based analysis of fucose and sialic acid expressions on human amniotic IgA during normal pregnancy. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:599-608. [PMID: 23250795 PMCID: PMC3717160 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sugar moiety of IgA is known to provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Terminally located glycotopes on IgA are potential ligands engaged in the interactions which may modulate the biological activities of IgA. In the present work the expressions of Maackia amurensis (MAA), Sambucus nigra (SNA), Lens culinaris (LCA), Tetragonolobus purpureus (LTA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA) reactive glycotopes on maternal plasma and amniotic IgA were evaluated in relation to the progression of a normal human pregnancy, from the 2nd trimester, throughout the 3rd trimester, perinatal period, post-date pregnancy and delivery, by lectin-IgA-ELISA, using specific biotinylated lectins. The amniotic and maternal plasma IgA concentrations and a degree of SNA and LCA reactivity of maternal plasma IgA were almost unaltered during the normal pregnancy. The amniotic IgA from the 2nd trimester was decorated by MAA-, SNA-reactive and LCA-, LTA-, and UEA-reactive glycotopes. At the turn of the 2nd and 3rd trimesters the expression of MAA-, SNA-, LTA-, and UEA-reactive glycotopes, except for LCA-reactive, increased and remained almost at unaltered levels throughout the perinatal period and delivery. However, in the post-date pregnancy the expression of LCA-, LTA-, and UEA-reactive and SNA-reactive glycotopes were significantly higher. The unique fucosylated and sialylated glycovariants of amniotic IgA associated with the progression of the normal pregnancy may illustrate a general importance of carbohydrate-lectin receptor interactions in the control and modulation of biological events to ensuring homeostasis during pregnancy, protection and well-being of fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
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Choi HJ, Chung TW, Kim CH, Jeong HS, Joo M, Youn B, Ha KT. Estrogen induced β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 expression regulates proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:620-5. [PMID: 22982306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) synthesizes galactose β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) groups on N-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins, which play important roles in many biological events, including the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. A previous microarray study reported that this gene is expressed by estrogen treatment in breast cancer. In this study, we examined the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of estrogen-induced B4GALT1 expression. Our data showed that estrogen-induced expression of B4GALT1 is localized in intracellular compartments and in the plasma membrane. In addition, B4GALT1 has an enzyme activity involved in the production of the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure. The result from a promoter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that 3 different estrogen response elements (EREs) in the B4GALT1 promoter are critical for responsiveness to estrogen. In addition, the estrogen antagonists ICI 182,780 and ER-α-ERE binding blocker TPBM inhibit the expression of estrogen-induced B4GALT1. However, the inhibition of signal molecules relating to the extra-nuclear pathway, including the G-protein coupled receptors, Ras, and mitogen-activated protein kinases, had no inhibitory effects on B4GALT1 expression. The knock-down of the B4GALT1 gene and the inhibition of membrane B4GALT1 function resulted in the significant inhibition of estrogen-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Considering these results, we propose that estrogen regulates the expression of B4GALT1 through the direct binding of ER-α to ERE and that the expressed B4GALT1 plays a crucial role in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells through its activity as a membrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Banerjee DK. N-glycans in cell survival and death: cross-talk between glycosyltransferases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1820:1338-46. [PMID: 22326428 PMCID: PMC3499948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most important protein modifications. N-glycans with "high mannose", "hybrid", or "complex" type sugar chains participate in a multitude of cellular processes. These include cell-cell/cell-matrix/receptor-ligand interaction, cell signaling/growth and differentiation, to name a few. Many diseases such as disorders of blood clotting, congenital disorder of glycosylation, diseases of blood vessels, cancer, neo-vascularization, i.e., angiogenesis essential for breast and other solid tumor progression and metastasis are associated with N-glycan expression. Biosynthesis of N-glycans requires multiple steps and multiple cellular compartments. Following transcription and translation the proteins migrate to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen to acquire glycan chain(s) with a defined glycoform, i.e., a tetradecasaccharide. These are further modified, i.e., edited in ER lumen and in Golgi prior to moving to their respective destinations. The tetradecasaccharide is pre-assembled on a poly-isoprenoid lipid called dolichol, and becomes an essential component of the supply chain. Therefore, dolichol cycle synthesizing the lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) is a hallmark for all N-linked glycoproteins. It is expected that there is a great deal of cross-talk between the participating glycosyltransferases and any missed step would express defective N-glycans that could have fatal consequences. The positive impact of the structurally altered N-glycans could lead to discovery of an N-glycan signature for a disease and/or help developing glycotherapeutic treating cancer or other human diseases. The purpose of this review is to identify the gaps of N-glycan biology and help developing appropriate technology for biomedical applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak K Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936-5067.
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Chen G, Wang Y, Qiu L, Qin X, Liu H, Wang X, Wang Y, Song G, Li F, Guo Y, Li F, Guo S, Li Z. Human IgG Fc-glycosylation profiling reveals associations with age, sex, female sex hormones and thyroid cancer. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2824-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Degree of sialylation and fucosylation of plasma and amniotic immunoglobulin G changes progressively during normal pregnancy. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:432-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jadid N, Mialoundama AS, Heintz D, Ayoub D, Erhardt M, Mutterer J, Meyer D, Alioua A, Van Dorsselaer A, Rahier A, Camara B, Bouvier F. DOLICHOL PHOSPHATE MANNOSE SYNTHASE1 mediates the biogenesis of isoprenyl-linked glycans and influences development, stress response, and ammonium hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:1985-2005. [PMID: 21558543 PMCID: PMC3123950 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant posttranslational modification in nature is the attachment of preassembled high-mannose-type glycans, which determines the fate and localization of the modified protein and modulates the biological functions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored and N-glycosylated proteins. In eukaryotes, all mannose residues attached to glycoproteins from the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) derive from the polyprenyl monosaccharide carrier, dolichol P-mannose (Dol-P-Man), which is flipped across the ER membrane to the lumen. We show that in plants, Dol-P-Man is synthesized when Dol-P-Man synthase1 (DPMS1), the catalytic core, interacts with two binding proteins, DPMS2 and DPMS3, that may serve as membrane anchors for DPMS1 or provide catalytic assistance. This configuration is reminiscent of that observed in mammals but is distinct from the single DPMS protein catalyzing Dol-P-Man biosynthesis in bakers' yeast and protozoan parasites. Overexpression of DPMS1 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in disorganized stem morphology and vascular bundle arrangements, wrinkled seed coat, and constitutive ER stress response. Loss-of-function mutations and RNA interference-mediated reduction of DPMS1 expression in Arabidopsis also caused a wrinkled seed coat phenotype and most remarkably enhanced hypersensitivity to ammonium that was manifested by extensive chlorosis and a strong reduction of root growth. Collectively, these data reveal a previously unsuspected role of the prenyl-linked carrier pathway for plant development and physiology that may help integrate several aspects of candidate susceptibility genes to ammonium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Jadid
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Department of Biology, Botanical and Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Sepuluh Nopember Institut of Technology (Its), Gedung H Kampus Its Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, East-Java, Indonesia
| | - Alexis Samba Mialoundama
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Erhardt
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Mutterer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Denise Meyer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Abdelmalek Alioua
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Alain Rahier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Bilal Camara
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Florence Bouvier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Address correspondence to
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Hirnle L, Kątnik-Prastowska I. HIGH EXPRESSION OF α1,2- AND α1,6-LINKED FUCOSES ON AMNIOTIC AGP AS A BIOMARKER OF FETAL POSTMATURITY RISK. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 32:103-13. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2010.543220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Lee CL, Chiu PC, Pang PC, Chu IK, Lee KF, Koistinen R, Koistinen H, Seppälä M, Morris HR, Tissot B, Panico M, Dell A, Yeung WS. Glycosylation failure extends to glycoproteins in gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence from reduced α2-6 sialylation and impaired immunomodulatory activities of pregnancy-related glycodelin-A. Diabetes 2011; 60:909-17. [PMID: 21300843 PMCID: PMC3046852 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy. Patients with GDM are at risk for high fetal mortality and gestational complications associated with reduced immune tolerance and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Glycodelin-A (GdA) is an abundant decidual glycoprotein with glycosylation-dependent immunomodulatory activities. We hypothesized that aberrant carbohydrate metabolism in GDM was associated with changes in glycosylation of GdA, leading to defective immunomodulatory activities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GdA in the amniotic fluid from women with normal (NGdA) and GDM (DGdA) pregnancies was purified by affinity chromatography. Structural analysis of protein glycosylation was preformed by lectin-binding assay and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity, cell death, cytokine secretion, and GdA binding of the GdA-treated lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were determined. The sialidase activity in the placental tissue from normal and GDM patients was measured. RESULTS GDM affected the glycosylation but not the protein core of GdA. Specifically, DGdA had a lower abundance of α2-6-sialylated and high-mannose glycans and a higher abundance of glycans with Sda (NeuAcα2-3[GalNAcβ1-4]Gal) epitopes compared with NGdA. DGdA had reduced immuosuppressive activities in terms of cytotoxicity on lymphocytes, inhibitory activities on interleukin (IL)-2 secretion by lymphocytes, stimulatory activities on IL-6 secretion by NK cells, and binding to these cells. Desialylation abolished the immunomodulation and binding of NGdA. Placental sialidase activity was increased in GDM patients, which may account for the reduced sialic acid content of DGdA. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study provides the first direct evidence for altered enzymatic glycosylation and impaired bioactivity of GdA in GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip C.N. Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author: Philip C.N. Chiu,
| | - Poh-Choo Pang
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Ivan K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Riitta Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Howard R. Morris
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Bérangère Tissot
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Maria Panico
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - William S.B. Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Malagutti KS, da Silva AP, Braga HC, Mitozo PA, Soares Dos Santos AR, Dafre AL, de Bem AF, Farina M. 17β-estradiol decreases methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 27:293-297. [PMID: 21783955 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that health effects of toxic metals, including methylmercury (MeHg), differ in prevalence or are manifested differently in men and women. The present study was aimed at investigating the potential differential susceptibility of male and female Swiss mice against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, which was evaluated by biochemical (cerebellar oxidative stress-related parameters) and behavioral (locomotor activity and motor performance) variables. We also aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of 17β-estradiol against such toxicity in MeHg-exposed male animals. MeHg exposure (40mg/L, diluted in tap water, during 2 weeks) decreased locomotor activity and motor performance in both male and female animals, but such phenomena were higher in males. 17β-estradiol co-treatment (10μg/animal, in alternate days) prevented MeHg-induced locomotor deficits in males. MeHg exposure caused a significant increase (60%) in cerebellar lipid peroxidation in male mice, but did not in females. In close agreement, MeHg exposure decreased (43%) cerebellar glutathione peroxidase activity in males, but did not in females. These events were prevented by 17β-estradiol administration. Cerebellar GR activity was increased (25%) in MeHg-exposed males and such event was partially prevented by 17β-estradiol administration. These results indicate that the low susceptibility of female mice to the neurotoxicity elicited by MeHg is linked to neuroprotective effects of sex steroids, which appear to modulate the activities of glutathione-related enzymes. Our experimental observation corroborates previous epidemiological studies showing the greater developmental effects in male than in female humans exposed to MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keller Samara Malagutti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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16
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Li RW, Capuco AV. Canonical pathways and networks regulated by estrogen in the bovine mammary gland. Funct Integr Genomics 2007; 8:55-68. [PMID: 17668254 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-007-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to identify estrogen-responsive genes using high-throughput approaches such as microarray, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), and in silico prediction. However, few studies have systematically analyzed regulatory networks and pathways affected by estrogen. In this report, we analyzed transcript profiles obtained from 16 prepubertal heifers in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment, with ovarian status (intact or ovariectomized) as the first factor and estrogen treatment as the second (control or estradiol). After 54 h of estrogen treatment, gene expression was evaluated in the parenchyma and fat pad of the bovine mammary gland using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray. The genes significantly regulated by estrogen were subject to pathway and regulatory network analysis using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software. Approximately 2,344 genes responded significantly to estrogen treatment. Of these, 1016 genes were influenced by estrogen regardless of tissue or ovarian status, while the remaining genes were significant in one of four specific effects of tissue or ovarian status. The canonical pathways significantly regulated by estrogen (P < 0.05) included protein ubiquitination, G2/M cell cycle control, IGF1 signaling, N-glycan biosynthesis, sterol biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation. A total of 23 regulatory networks were identified as estrogen responsive. The results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms through which estrogen regulates bovine mammary gland growth and development, supporting the concept that interaction between tissues within the mammary gland promotes mammary epithelial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Li
- Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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17
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Floriański J, Zalewski J, Katnik-Prastowska I. Relative amounts of sialic acid and fucose of amniotic fluid glycoconjugates in relation to pregnancy age. Glycoconj J 2006; 22:433-42. [PMID: 16311888 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-005-4437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present knowledge concerning the glycan structures and role of glycoconjugates derived from amniotic fluid is fragmentary and mainly focuses on the individual glycoproteins. The question has arisen as whether the general glycosylation pattern of amniotic fluid glycoconjugates can change with the progression of a normal pregnancy. In the present work we have described the dynamic, quantitative alterations in relative amounts of sialic acid and fucose linked by a variety of anomeric linkages to subterminal oligosaccharide structures of amniotic fluid glycoconjugates in relation to pregnancy age. The analysis was performed in the following groups of amniotic fluids derived from normal pregnancy by lectin dotting method: "2nd trimester" (14-19 weeks), "3rd trimester" (29-37 weeks), "perinatal period" (38-40 weeks) , "delivery at term" (39-41 weeks) and "post date pregnancy" (41-43 weeks). In the "3rd trimester" the amniotic fluid glycoconjugates contained higher relative amounts of glycans terminated by alpha2-6-linked sialic acid (p < 0.00002) and by alpha1-6 innermost fucose (p < 0.000001) than those in the 2nd trimester. In contrast, they showed the lower relative amount of fucose linked alpha1-3 (p < 0.02). At the perinatal period the relative amount of alpha2-6-linked sialic acid increased (p < 0.03), and it then decreased during delivery (p < 0.02) to the level found in the "3rd trimester" group. In the post date pregnancy all parameters studied increased. The sialyl- and fucosyl-glycotopes of the amniotic fluid glycoconjugates may play an critical role in growth and tissue remodeling of the foetus, as well as may might reflect maturation of a foetus. Additionally, a determination of the glycotope expressions might be helpful in prenatal diagnosis as predictor factors for well being of mother and child.
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18
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Hirnle L, Katnik-Prastowska I. Alterations of N-glycan branching and expression of sialic acid on amniotic fluid alpha-1-acid glycoprotein derived from second and third trimesters of normal and prolonged pregnancies. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 367:86-92. [PMID: 16405881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the AGP glycoform pattern are not only disease related, but also can occur during physiological processes such as pregnancy. In this paper, possible changes in human amniotic fluid AGP glycan branching and in the type of sialic acid glycosidic attachment to glycans were analyzed with regard to different stages of human pregnancy. METHODS Crossed-affinity immunoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A was used to study AGP branching and lectin-ELISA with two agglutinins from Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra was applied to differentiate alpha2,3 and alpha2,6 type sialic acid attachments. RESULTS Despite almost unchanged levels of total amniotic fluid AGP during pregnancy, alterations in N-glycan branching and in the expression of sialic acid linkage on AGP were found to be associated with different stages of normal pregnancy. Amniotic fluid AGP glycans derived from third trimester compared with those from the second trimester had a higher percentage of tri- and tetra-antennary sialylated N-glycans. In the second trimester, sialic acid alpha2,6 linkage occurred twice as frequently as alpha2,3 linkage, while during the third trimester alpha2,3 linkage increased and both types of linkage appeared in equal proportion. CONCLUSIONS Branched and alpha2,3-sialylated AGP glycoforms in amniotic fluid could contribute to natural innate fetomaternal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinic of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Chang Q, Hoefs S, van der Kemp AW, Topala CN, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG. The beta-glucuronidase klotho hydrolyzes and activates the TRPV5 channel. Science 2005; 310:490-3. [PMID: 16239475 DOI: 10.1126/science.1114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood calcium concentration is maintained within a narrow range despite large variations in dietary input and body demand. The Transient Receptor Potential ion channel TRPV5 has been implicated in this process. We report here that TRPV5 is stimulated by the mammalian hormone klotho. Klotho, a beta-glucuronidase, hydrolyzes extracellular sugar residues on TRPV5, entrapping the channel in the plasma membrane. This maintains durable calcium channel activity and membrane calcium permeability in kidney. Thus, klotho activates a cell surface channel by hydrolysis of its extracellular N-linked oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chang
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Koistinen H, Easton RL, Chiu PCN, Chalabi S, Halttunen M, Dell A, Morris HR, Yeung WSB, Seppala M, Koistinen R. Differences in glycosylation and sperm-egg binding inhibition of pregnancy-related glycodelin. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:1545-51. [PMID: 12826581 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.017830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin is a glycoprotein produced in many glands, particularly those of reproductive tissues. It appears as different glycoforms in amniotic fluid (glycodelin-A) and seminal plasma (glycodelin-S), but only glycodelin-A inhibits gamete adhesion. In the present study, glycodelin from secretory-phase endometrium, first-trimester pregnancy decidua, and midtrimester amniotic fluid was studied with respect to physicochemical properties, including glycosylation patterns and inhibitory activity of sperm-egg binding. Purified glycodelins from all these sources were similar in isoelectric focusing and in lectin immunoassays using lectins from Wisteria floribunda and Sambucus nigra. Likewise, the glycodelins inhibited sperm-egg binding in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by hemizona-binding assay. However, subtle quantitative physicochemical and biological differences were found between glycodelins from different sources as well as within the same tissue/fluid between different individuals. Differences were most pronounced between endometrial glycodelins from nonpregnancy and first-trimester pregnancy. The glycan structures studied by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry of individual amniotic fluid glycodelin-A samples also showed interindividual quantitative differences. In conclusion, glycodelins from different female reproductive tract tissues and amniotic fluid share substantial similarity, allowing all of them to be called glycodelin-A. However, these glycodelins exhibit quantitative physicochemical and functional differences between different sources and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 HUS, Finland
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21
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Elliot SJ, Karl M, Berho M, Potier M, Zheng F, Leclercq B, Striker GE, Striker LJ. Estrogen deficiency accelerates progression of glomerulosclerosis in susceptible mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 162:1441-8. [PMID: 12707027 PMCID: PMC1851210 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency may contribute to the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis in postmenopausal women. The responsiveness to estrogens could be controlled by genetic traits related to those that determine the susceptibility to glomerular scarring. This study was undertaken to determine whether the intensity of the sclerotic response was modified by the estrogen status in sclerosis-prone ROP Os/+ mice. Ovariectomized ROP Os/+ mice developed more severe renal dysfunction and glomerulosclerosis than intact, ie, estrogen sufficient age-matched female mice. Ovariectomized ROP Os/+ exhibited increased accumulation of extracellular matrix, predominantly of laminin, and a marked distortion of the glomerular architecture. We found an increase in macrophage infiltration in the mesangium of ovariectomized ROP Os/+. Estrogen deficiency decreased glomerular estrogen receptor expression in ROP Os/+ mice, which we had previously found to be low in the parental ROP strain. Thus, although physiological estrogen levels in young ROP Os/+ mice could not prevent the development of glomerulosclerosis, estrogen deficiency accelerated the progression of glomerular scarring in this mouse strain. This suggests that estrogen replacement will slow but not prevent the progression of glomerulosclerosis. It underscores the importance of the genetic composition of individuals that determines the susceptibility to diseases as well as the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Elliot
- Vascular Biology Institute and Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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22
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Kean EL. The dolichol pathway in the retina and its involvement in the glycosylation of rhodopsin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1473:272-85. [PMID: 10594365 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E L Kean
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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23
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Kean EL, Wei Z, Anderson VE, Zhang N, Sayre LM. Regulation of the biosynthesis of N-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol, feedback and product inhibition. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34072-82. [PMID: 10567375 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the core oligosaccharide region of asparagine-linked glycoproteins proceeds by means of the dolichol pathway. The first step of this pathway, the reaction of dolichol phosphate with UDP-GlcNAc to form N-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol (GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol), is under investigation as a possible site of metabolic regulation. This report describes feedback inhibition of this reaction by the second intermediate of the pathway, N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol (GlcNAc-GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol), and product inhibition by GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol itself. These influences were revealed when the reactions were carried out in the presence of showdomycin, a nucleoside antibiotic, present at concentrations that block the de novo formation of GlcNAc-GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol but not that of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol. The apparent K(i) values for GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and GlcNAc-GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol under basal conditions were 4.4 and 2.8 microM, respectively. Inhibition was also observed under conditions where mannosyl-P-dolichol (Man-P-dol) stimulated the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol; the apparent K(i) values for GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and GlcNAc-GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol were 2.2 and 11 microM, respectively. Kinetic analysis of the types of inhibition indicated competitive inhibition by GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol toward the substrate UDP-GlcNAc and non-competitive inhibition toward dolichol phosphate. Inhibition by GlcNAc-GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol was uncompetitive toward UDP-GlcNAc and competitive toward dolichol phosphate. A model is presented for the kinetic mechanism of the synthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol. GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol also exerts a stimulatory effect on the biosynthesis of Man-P-dol, i.e. a reciprocal relationship to that previously observed between these two intermediates of the dolichol pathway. This network of inhibitory and stimulatory influences may be aspects of metabolic control of the pathway and thus of glycoprotein biosynthesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Kean
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Tiede A, Bastisch I, Schubert J, Orlean P, Schmidt RE. Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositols in mammals and unicellular microbes. Biol Chem 1999; 380:503-23. [PMID: 10384957 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane anchoring of cell surface proteins via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) occurs in all eukaryotic organisms. In addition, GPI-related glycophospholipids are important constituents of the glycan coat of certain protozoa. Defects in GPI biosynthesis can retard, if not abolish growth of these organisms. In humans, a defect in GPI biosynthesis can cause paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a severe acquired bone marrow disorder. Here, we review advances in the characterization of GPI biosynthesis in parasitic protozoa, yeast and mammalian cells. The GPI core structure as well as the major steps in its biosynthesis are conserved throughout evolution. However, there are significant biosynthetic differences between mammals and microbes. First indications are that these differences could be exploited as targets in the design of novel pharmacotherapeutics that selectively inhibit GPI biosynthesis in unicellular microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiede
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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25
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Sidhu SS, Kimber SJ. Hormonal control of H-type alpha(1-2)fucosyltransferase messenger ribonucleic acid in the mouse uterus. Biol Reprod 1999; 60:147-57. [PMID: 9858499 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod60.1.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The H epitope, an alpha(1-2)fucosylated carbohydrate structure, has been implicated in initial attachment of the murine blastocyst to luminal uterine epithelial cells in vitro. In this study, the expression of the H-type alpha(1-2)fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene was examined in endometrium of mice. Northern blotting of luminal epithelial RNA identified a single 6.2-kilobase transcript. In situ hybridization studies showed a signal for FUT1 mRNA on Days 1-3 of pregnancy in glands and luminal epithelium. The signal diminished by Day 4 and could not be detected on Day 5 of pregnancy. The in situ signal in endometrial epithelia was highest at estrus and metestrus and was absent at diestrus. Estrogen treatment after ovariectomy gave strong FUT1 mRNA expression in epithelia, but with progesterone, progesterone + estrogen, or vehicle, no message could be detected. A semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of FUT1 mRNA from luminal epithelium generated large amounts of PCR product on Day 1 of pregnancy; this diminished on Days 2, 3, and 4, and the product was barely detectable on Day 5. A kinetic analysis of FUT1 activity on Day 1 of pregnancy suggested a single enzyme with a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 0.29 mM towards phenyl-beta-D-galactoside and of 1.75 mM towards Galbeta(1-3)GalNAc. These results suggest that expression of the H epitope is regulated at the level of FUT1 transcription and that transcription is stimulated by estrogen in the endometrial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sidhu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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26
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DeSouza MM, Lagow E, Carson DD. Mucin functions and expression in mammalian reproductive tract tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 247:1-6. [PMID: 9636643 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M DeSouza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Pimental RA, Julian J, Gendler SJ, Carson DD. Synthesis and intracellular trafficking of Muc-1 and mucins by polarized mouse uterine epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:28128-37. [PMID: 8910427 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins function as a protective layer rendering the apical surface of epithelial cells nonadhesive to a variety of microorganisms and macromolecules. Muc-1 is a transmembrane mucin expressed at the apical cell surface of mouse uterine epithelial cells (UEC) that disappears as UEC become receptive for embryo implantation (Surveyor, G. A., Gendler, S. J., Pemberton, L., Das, S. K., Chakraborty, I., Julian, J., Pimental, R. A., Wegner, C. W., Dey, S. K., and Carson, D. D. (1995) Endocrinology 136, 3639-3647). In the present study, the kinetics of Muc-1 assembly, cell surface expression, release, and degradation were examined in polarized mouse UEC in vitro. Mucins were identified as the predominant glycoconjugates synthesized, apically expressed, and vectorially released in both wild-type and Muc-1 null mice. When mucins were released, greater than 95% were directed to the apical compartment. Approximately half of the cell-associated mucins lost during a 24-h period were found in the apical compartment. Vectorial biotinylation detected apically disposed, cell-surface mucin and indicated that at least 34% of these mucins are released apically within 24 h. This suggests that release of mucin ectodomains is part of the mechanism of mucin removal from the apical cell surface of UEC. The half-lives of total cell-associated mucins and Muc-1 were 19.5 +/- 1 and 16.5 +/- 0.8 h, respectively. Muc-1 represented approximately 10% of the [3H]glucosamine-labeled, cell-associated mucins. Studies of the kinetics of intracellular transport of Muc-1 indicated transit times of 21 +/- 15 min from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus and 111 +/- 28 min from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface. Collectively, these studies provide the first comprehensive description of Muc-1 and mucin maturation, metabolism, and release by polarized cells, as well as defining a major metabolic fate for mucins expressed by UEC. Normal metabolic processing appears to be sufficient to account for the removal of Muc-1 protein during the transition of UEC to a receptive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pimental
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Kean EL. Site of stimulation by mannosyl-P-dolichol of GlcNAc-lipid formation by microsomes of embryonic chick retina. Glycoconj J 1996; 13:675-80. [PMID: 8872125 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mannosyl-P-dolichol (man-P-dol) has been shown to stimulate the early reactions of the dolichol pathway, specifically, the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dol and GlcNAc-GlcNAc-P-P-dol, and thus may play a regulatory role in glycoprotein biosynthesis. The site of action of man-P-dol has previously been suggested to be the GlcNAc-transferase concerned with the formation of the monoglucosaminyl derivative. Since the concentration of the chitobiosyl compound also increases as a result of the presence of man-P-dol, the immediate site of the activation was reexamined. The effect of man-P-dol on the formation of GlcNAc-GlcNAc-P-P-dol using GlcNAc-P-P-dol synthesized in situ or added exogenously as the substrate was investigated. In addition, the distribution of radioactivity in the glucosaminyl constituents of the products under the stimulatory conditions was determined. The results of these studies supported the conclusion that the stimulation of GlcNAc-lipid synthesis by man-P-dol is due to the enhanced synthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dol. It is not a result of the activation of the GlcNAc-transferase catalyzing the attachment of the second GlcNAc residue for the biosynthesis of the chitobiosyl derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Kean
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Kean EL, Rush JS, Waechter CJ. Activation of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol synthesis by mannosylphosphoryldolichol is stereospecific and requires a saturated alpha-isoprene unit. Biochemistry 1994; 33:10508-12. [PMID: 8068690 DOI: 10.1021/bi00200a036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous mannosylphosphoryldolichol (Man-P-Dol) has previously been shown to stimulate UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl phosphate N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase (GPT1), the enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of N-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol (GlcNAc-P-P-Dol). To define the structural specificity of the mannolipid-mediated activation of GPT1, the ability of a variety of mannosylphosphorylisoprenols to stimulate GlcNAc-lipid biosynthesis in microsomal preparations from retinas of the embryonic chick has been tested. For these comparisons several Man-P-isoprenols were synthesized enzymatically and chemically. The catalytic efficiency of activation expressed as the Vmax/Ka ratio was substantially higher for Man-P-Dol95 than for mannosylphosphorylpolyprenol95 (Man-P-Poly95), demonstrating that the saturated alpha-isoprene unit of the dolichyl moiety influences the mannolipid-enzyme interaction. The degree of activation increased with chain length and hydrophobicity of the dolichyl moiety when Man-P-dolichols containing 2, 11, and 19 isoprene units were evaluated. A strict stereospecificity was exhibited as beta-Man-P-Dol95 provided a 100-fold greater stimulation than the corresponding alpha-stereoisomer. The recognition of the saturated alpha-isoprene unit, the influence of chain length, and the strict stereospecificity of the interaction between beta-Man-P-Dol and GPT1 extend the description of the mannolipid-enzyme interaction and provide strong new evidence that Man-P-Dol levels can influence the rate of GlcNAc-P-P-Dol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Kean
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Rajput B, Muniappa N, Vijay I. Developmental and hormonal regulation of UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol phosphate GlcNAc-1-P transferase in mouse mammary gland. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Post-transcriptional Control. Mol Endocrinol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-111231-8.50019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Potter SW, Morris JE. Changes in histochemical distribution of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan in mouse uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1992; 234:383-90. [PMID: 1443665 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092340308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the changes in immunolocalization of a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle and at the time of implantation in early pregnancy. A monoclonal antibody prepared against syndecan, a cell surface HSPG from mouse mammary epithelium (gift of Dr. M. Bernfield), was reacted with unfixed and fixed frozen sections of uteri from normally cycling, 3.5 and 4.5 days pregnant, and estradiol-treated immature and ovariectomized mature mice. A polyclonal antibody prepared against basal lamina HSPG from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor cells (gift of Dr. John Hassell) was used as a positive control. The latter showed no variation during the estrous cycle or early pregnancy. Localization of syndecan in uterine epithelium changed from basolateral to predominantly basal as the cycle progressed from metestrus toward estrus. A similar pattern was seen in immature and ovariectomized mature females that had received estradiol injections. With the onset of pregnancy, the basolateral localization became progressively less intense from 3.5 days through 4.5 days of pregnancy. Thus, cell surface HSPG distribution is modulated by hormonally dependent changes in cycling and pregnant mice, supporting previous suggestions that early pregnancy in mice is accompanied by a turnover and rearrangement of uterine epithelial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Potter
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-2914
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Valdizan MC, Julian J, Carson DD. WGA-binding, mucin glycoproteins protect the apical cell surface of mouse uterine epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 1992; 151:451-65. [PMID: 1295897 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041510304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression of apical cell surface proteins and glycoproteins was examined in polarized primary cultures of mouse uterine epithelial cells (UEC). Lectin-gold cytochemistry revealed that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) bound specifically to the components of the apical glycocalyx as well as intracellular vesicles. Double labeling with the pH sensitive dye 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3'amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP) demonstrated the acidic nature of the WGA-staining intracellular vesicles. The enzymatic and chemical sensitivities of the WGA binding sites on the apical cell surface were monitored both by WGA-gold staining as well as by 125I-WGA binding assays. In thin sections, a large fraction of these sites were removed by pronase; however, application of a wide variety of proteases, glycosidases, or chemical treatments to the apical surface of intact UEC failed to reduce WGA binding. In no case did treatments designed to remove sialic acids reduce 125I-WGA binding more than 12%. In contrast, endo-beta-galactosidase as well as a combination of beta-galactosidase with beta-hexosaminidase succeeded in removing 28% and 77% of these sites, respectively. These studies suggested that the majority of the apically disposed WGA binding sites involved N-acetylglucosamine residues rather than sialic acids and included lactosaminoglycans. Many of the proteins detected at the apical cell surface by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination were WGA-binding glycoproteins. A major class of these glycoproteins displayed Mr > 200 kDa by SDS-PAGE and was heavily labeled metabolically by 3H-glucosamine or by vectorial labeling at the apical cell surface with galactosyl transferase and UDP-3H-galactose. Analyses of the 3H-labeled oligosaccharides labeled by either procedure indicated that a large fraction of the apically disposed WGA-binding oligosaccharides consisted of neutral, O-linked mucin-type structures with median MW of approximately 1,500. Oligosaccharides in this fraction were partially (15%) sensitive to endo-beta-galactosidase digestion and bound to Datura stramonium agglutinin (68%), demonstrating the presence of lactosaminoglycan sequences. UEC were an extremely effective barrier to attachment or invasion by either a highly invasive melanoma cell line, B16-BL6, or implantation-competent mouse blastocysts. In contrast, neither uterine stromal cells nor a non-polarizing UEC cell line, RL95, prevented B16-BL6 attachment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Valdizan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Capony F, Rougeot C, Cavailles V, Rochefort H. Estradiol increases the secretion by MCF7 cells of several lysosomal pro-enzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 171:972-8. [PMID: 2222457 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90779-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and secretion of pro-cathepsin D is increased by estrogens in MCF7 cells. We quantified the effect of estradiol on other lysosomal enzymes in order to investigate the mechanism of this hypersecretion. Precursors of beta-hexosaminidase, cathepsin B and beta-galactosidase, which are routed to lysosomes via the mannose-6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor, were secreted in much lower amounts than pro-cathepsin D, but their secretion was also increased by estradiol. The activity of acid phosphatase, which is routed to lysosomes via a different transmembrane mechanism, was not altered by estradiol. While estradiol stimulated gene expression of pro-cathepsin D, it had no effect on that of pro-cathepsin B. We conclude that estradiol stimulates the secretion of several lysosomal pro-enzymes in MCF7 cells, suggesting that a general mechanism is responsible for this derouting rather than a specific alteration of cathepsin D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capony
- INSERM U 148, Unit Hormones and Cancer, Montpellier, France
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Zhu X, Lehrman M. Cloning, sequence, and expression of a cDNA encoding hamster UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)77293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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