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Joshi A, Nigam A, Narayan Mudgal L, Mondal B, Basak T. ColPTMScape: An open access knowledge base for tissue-specific collagen PTM maps. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 22:100144. [PMID: 38469247 PMCID: PMC10926295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the remodeling of ECM, a remarkable variation in collagen post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurs. This makes collagen a potential target for understanding extracellular matrix remodeling during pathological conditions. Over the years, scientists have gathered a huge amount of data about collagen PTM during extracellular matrix remodeling. To make such information easily accessible in a consolidated space, we have developed ColPTMScape (https://colptmscape.iitmandi.ac.in/), a dedicated knowledge base for collagen PTMs. The identified site-specific PTMs, quantitated PTM sites, and PTM maps of collagen chains are deliverables to the scientific community, especially to matrix biologists. Through this knowledge base, users can easily gain information related to the difference in the collagen PTMs across different tissues in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Joshi
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Ayush Nigam
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Lalit Narayan Mudgal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Bhaskar Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Trayambak Basak
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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2
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Salo AM, Myllyharju J. Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases in collagen synthesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:38-49. [PMID: 32969070 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. They provide a framework to build organs and tissues and give structural support to make them resistant to mechanical load and forces. Several intra- and extracellular modifications are needed to make functional collagen molecules, intracellular post-translational modifications of proline and lysine residues having key roles in this. In this article, we provide a review on the enzymes responsible for the proline and lysine modifications, that is collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases, 3-hydroxylases and lysyl hydroxylases, and discuss their biological functions and involvement in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti M Salo
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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3
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Tonelli F, Cotti S, Leoni L, Besio R, Gioia R, Marchese L, Giorgetti S, Villani S, Gistelinck C, Wagener R, Kobbe B, Fiedler I, Larionova D, Busse B, Eyre D, Rossi A, Witten P, Forlino A. Crtap and p3h1 knock out zebrafish support defective collagen chaperoning as the cause of their osteogenesis imperfecta phenotype. Matrix Biol 2020; 90:40-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Langrock T, Hoffmann R. Analysis of Hydroxyproline in Collagen Hydrolysates. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 2030:47-56. [PMID: 31347109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an imino acid posttranslationally formed by sequence-specific hydroxylases in the repeating collagen Gly-Xaa-Yaa triad present in all collagen types of all species. In both Xaa- and Yaa-positions, Pro is the most common residue, often oxidized to 4-Hyp in the Yaa- and rarely to 3-Hyp in the Xaa-positions. Here we describe the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3- and 4-Hyp-isomers by separating the free imino acids either with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) or after derivatization with reversed-phase chromatography (RPC). In both cases the compounds were detected by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Langrock
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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5
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Chowdhury R, Dubey AK, Ghosh SK. Ag(I)-Fesulphos-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Silylproline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2404-2414. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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6
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Ishikawa Y, Mizuno K, Bächinger HP. Ziploc-ing the structure 2.0: Endoplasmic reticulum-resident peptidyl prolyl isomerases show different activities toward hydroxyproline. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9273-9282. [PMID: 28385890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins are biosynthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), and the triple-helical protein collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix component in the human body. Many enzymes, molecular chaperones, and post-translational modifiers facilitate collagen biosynthesis. Collagen contains a large number of proline residues, so the cis/trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds is the rate-limiting step during triple-helix formation. Accordingly, the rER-resident peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) play an important role in the zipper-like triple-helix formation in collagen. We previously described this process as "Ziploc-ing the structure" and now provide additional information on the activity of individual rER PPIases. We investigated the substrate preferences of these PPIases in vitro using type III collagen, the unhydroxylated quarter fragment of type III collagen, and synthetic peptides as substrates. We observed changes in activity of six rER-resident PPIases, cyclophilin B (encoded by the PPIB gene), FKBP13 (FKBP2), FKBP19 (FKBP11), FKBP22 (FKBP14), FKBP23 (FKBP7), and FKBP65 (FKBP10), due to posttranslational modifications of proline residues in the substrate. Cyclophilin B and FKBP13 exhibited much lower activity toward post-translationally modified substrates. In contrast, FKBP19, FKBP22, and FKBP65 showed increased activity toward hydroxyproline-containing peptide substrates. Moreover, FKBP22 showed a hydroxyproline-dependent effect by increasing the amount of refolded type III collagen in vitro and FKBP19 seems to interact with triple helical type I collagen. Therefore, we propose that hydroxyproline modulates the rate of Ziploc-ing of the triple helix of collagen in the rER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University and.,Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Hans Peter Bächinger
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University and .,Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon 97239
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7
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Mao M, Alavi MV, Labelle-Dumais C, Gould DB. Type IV Collagens and Basement Membrane Diseases. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:61-116. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Fraccalvieri D, Motta S, Galliani G, Cavaletti L, Bonati L. Design of gliadin peptide analogues with low affinity for the celiac disease associated HLA–DQ2 protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:2064-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational study on the binding of celiac disease relevant epitopes and their analogues identified the di-hydroxylation of Pro residues as a promising functionalization to lower the affinity for HLA–DQ2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Fraccalvieri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Motta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Linda Cavaletti
- FIIRV
- Fondazione Istituto Insubrico di Ricerca per la Vita
- 21040 Gerenzano, Italy
| | - Laura Bonati
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano, Italy
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9
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A molecular ensemble in the rER for procollagen maturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2479-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Ishikawa Y, Bächinger HP. An additional function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum protein complex prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1·cartilage-associated protein·cyclophilin B: the CXXXC motif reveals disulfide isomerase activity in vitro. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31437-46. [PMID: 24043621 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.498063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen biosynthesis occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and many molecular chaperones and folding enzymes are involved in this process. The folding mechanism of type I procollagen has been well characterized, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been suggested as a key player in the formation of the correct disulfide bonds in the noncollagenous carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal propeptides. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) forms a hetero-trimeric complex with cartilage-associated protein and cyclophilin B (CypB). This complex is a multifunctional complex acting as a prolyl 3-hydroxylase, a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, and a molecular chaperone. Two major domains are predicted from the primary sequence of P3H1: an amino-terminal domain and a carboxyl-terminal domain corresponding to the 2-oxoglutarate- and iron-dependent dioxygenase domains similar to the α-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylases. The amino-terminal domain contains four CXXXC sequence repeats. The primary sequence of cartilage-associated protein is homologous to the amino-terminal domain of P3H1 and also contains four CXXXC sequence repeats. However, the function of the CXXXC sequence repeats is not known. Several publications have reported that short peptides containing a CXC or a CXXC sequence show oxido-reductase activity similar to PDI in vitro. We hypothesize that CXXXC motifs have oxido-reductase activity similar to the CXXC motif in PDI. We have tested the enzyme activities on model substrates in vitro using a GCRALCG peptide and the P3H1 complex. Our results suggest that this complex could function as a disulfide isomerase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University and Shriners Hospital for Children, Research Department, Portland, Oregon 97239
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11
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Hüttel W. Biocatalytic Production of Chemical Building Blocks in Technical Scale with α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases. CHEM-ING-TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Prolyl 3-hydroxylation is a rare but conserved post-translational modification in many collagen types and, when defective, may be linked to a number of human diseases with musculoskeletal and potentially ocular and renal pathologies. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase-1 (P3H1), the enzyme responsible for converting proline to 3-hydroxyproline (3Hyp) in type I collagen, requires the coenzyme CRTAP for activity. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that the Crtap-/- mouse was missing 3-hydroxyproline in type I collagen α-chains. This finding led to the discovery of mutations in genes encoding the P3H1 complex as a cause of recessively inherited osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease). Since then, many additional 3Hyp sites have been identified in various collagen types and classified based on observed substrate and tissue specificity. P3H1 is part of a family of gene products that also includes isoenzymes P3H2 and P3H3 as well as CRTAP and Sc65. It is believed these isoenzymes and coenzyme proteins have evolved different collagen substrate site and tissue specificities in their activities. The post-translational fingerprinting of collagens will be essential in understanding the basic role and extent of regulated variations of prolyl 3-hydroxylation in collagen. We believe that prolyl 3-hydroxylation is a functionally significant collagen post-translational modification and can be a cause of disease when absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hudson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA
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13
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Yang C, Park AC, Davis NA, Russell JD, Kim B, Brand DD, Lawrence MJ, Ge Y, Westphall MS, Coon JJ, Greenspan DS. Comprehensive mass spectrometric mapping of the hydroxylated amino acid residues of the α1(V) collagen chain. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40598-610. [PMID: 23060441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.406850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1(V) is an extensively modified collagen chain important in disease. RESULTS Comprehensive mapping of α1(V) post-translational modifications reveals unexpectedly large numbers of X-position hydroxyprolines in Gly-X-Y amino acid triplets. CONCLUSION The unexpected abundance of X-position hydroxyprolines suggests a mechanism for differential modification of collagen properties. SIGNIFICANCE Positions, numbers, and occupancy of modified sites can provide insights into α1(V) biological properties. Aberrant expression of the type V collagen α1(V) chain can underlie the connective tissue disorder classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and autoimmune responses against the α1(V) chain are linked to lung transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. The α1(V) collagenous COL1 domain is thought to contain greater numbers of post-translational modifications (PTMs) than do similar domains of other fibrillar collagen chains, PTMs consisting of hydroxylated prolines and lysines, the latter of which can be glycosylated. These types of PTMs can contribute to epitopes that underlie immune responses against collagens, and the high level of PTMs may contribute to the unique biological properties of the α1(V) chain. Here we use high resolution mass spectrometry to map such PTMs in bovine placental α1(V) and human recombinant pro-α1(V) procollagen chains. Findings include the locations of those PTMs that vary and those PTMs that are invariant between these α1(V) chains from widely divergent sources. Notably, an unexpectedly large number of hydroxyproline residues were mapped to the X-positions of Gly-X-Y triplets, contrary to expectations based on previous amino acid analyses of hydrolyzed α1(V) chains from various tissues. We attribute this difference to the ability of tandem mass spectrometry coupled to nanoflow chromatographic separations to detect lower-level PTM combinations with superior sensitivity and specificity. The data are consistent with the presence of a relatively large number of 3-hydroxyproline sites with less than 100% occupancy, suggesting a previously unknown mechanism for the differential modification of α1(V) chain and type V collagen properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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14
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Hatzimichael E, Lo Nigro C, Lattanzio L, Syed N, Shah R, Dasoula A, Janczar K, Vivenza D, Monteverde M, Merlano M, Papoudou-Bai A, Bai M, Schmid P, Stebbing J, Bower M, Dyer MJS, Karran LE, ElguetaKarstegl C, Farrell PJ, Thompson A, Briasoulis E, Crook T. The collagen prolyl hydroxylases are novel transcriptionally silenced genes in lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1423-32. [PMID: 22955849 PMCID: PMC3494450 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl hydroxylation is a post-translational modification that affects the structure, stability and function of proteins including collagen by catalysing hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline through action of collagen prolyl hydroxylases3 (C-P3H) and 4 (C-P4H). Three C-P3Hs (nomenclature was amended according to approval by the HGNC symbols and names at http://www.genenames.org/ and Entrez database at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene) leucineproline-enriched proteoglycan (leprecan) 1 (Lepre1), leprecan-like 1 (Leprel1), leprecan-like 2 (Leprel2) and two paralogs Cartilage-Related Protein (CRTAP) and leprecan-like 4 (Leprel4) are found in humans. The C-P4Hs are tetrameric proteins comprising a variable α subunit, encoded by the P4HA1, P4HA2 and P4HA3 genes and a constant β subunit encoded by P4HB. METHODS We used RT-PCR, qPCR, pyrosequencing, methylation-specific PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry to investigate expression and regulation of the C-P3H and C-P4H genes in B lymphomas and normal bone marrow. RESULTS C-P3H and C-P4H are downregulated in lymphoma. Down-regulation is associated with methylation in the CpG islands and is detected in almost all common types of B-cell lymphoma, but the CpG islands are unmethylated or methylated at lower levels in DNA isolated from normal bone marrow and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Methylation of multiple C-P3H and C-P4H genes is present in some lymphomas, particularly Burkitt's lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Methylation of C-P3H and C-P4H is common in B lymphomas and may have utility in differentiating disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hatzimichael
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital
of Ioannina, St Niarchou Avenue, Ioannina,
Greece
| | - C Lo Nigro
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and
Translational Oncology, S Croce General Hospital, Cuneo,
Italy
| | - L Lattanzio
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and
Translational Oncology, S Croce General Hospital, Cuneo,
Italy
| | - N Syed
- Imperial College London, Charing Cross
Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Shah
- Imperial College London, Charing Cross
Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Dasoula
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital
of Ioannina, St Niarchou Avenue, Ioannina,
Greece
| | - K Janczar
- Imperial College London, Charing Cross
Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Vivenza
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and
Translational Oncology, S Croce General Hospital, Cuneo,
Italy
| | - M Monteverde
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and
Translational Oncology, S Croce General Hospital, Cuneo,
Italy
| | - M Merlano
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department, S
Croce General Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - A Papoudou-Bai
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital
of Ioannina, St Niarchou Avenue, Ioannina,
Greece
| | - M Bai
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital
of Ioannina, St Niarchou Avenue, Ioannina,
Greece
| | - P Schmid
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - J Stebbing
- Imperial College London, Charing Cross
Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Bower
- Department of Oncology, Chelsea and
Westminster Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M J S Dyer
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular
Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - L E Karran
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular
Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - P J Farrell
- Section of Virology, Imperial College
London, London, UK
| | - A Thompson
- Dundee Cancer Center, University of
Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - E Briasoulis
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital
of Ioannina, St Niarchou Avenue, Ioannina,
Greece
| | - T Crook
- Dundee Cancer Center, University of
Dundee, Dundee, UK
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15
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Visser WF, Verhoeven-Duif NM, de Koning TJ. Identification of a human trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline dehydratase, the first characterized member of a novel family of proline racemase-like enzymes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21654-62. [PMID: 22528483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.363218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of eukaryotic proline racemase-like genes has recently been identified. Several members of this family have been well characterized and are known to catalyze the racemization of free proline or trans-4-hydroxyproline. However, the majority of eukaryotic proline racemase-like proteins, including a human protein called C14orf149, lack a specific cysteine residue that is known to be critical for racemase activity. Instead, these proteins invariably contain a threonine residue at this position. The function of these enzymes has remained unresolved until now. In this study, we demonstrate that three enzymes of this type, including human C14orf149, catalyze the dehydration of trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline to Δ(1)-pyrroline-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C). These are the first enzymes of this subclass of proline racemase-like genes for which the enzymatic activity has been resolved. C14orf149 is also the first human enzyme that acts on trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline. Interestingly, a mutant enzyme in which the threonine in the active site is mutated back into cysteine regained 3-hydroxyproline epimerase activity. This result suggests that the enzymatic activity of these enzymes is dictated by a single residue. Presumably, human C14orf149 serves to degrade trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline from the diet and originating from the degradation of proteins that contain this amino acid, such as collagen IV, which is an important structural component of basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter F Visser
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Abstract
Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an imino acid post-translationally formed by sequence-specific hydroxylases in the repeating collagen Gly-Xaa-Yaa triad present in all collagen types of all species. In both Xaa- and Yaa-positions, Pro is the most common residue, often oxidized to 4-Hyp in the Yaa- and rarely to 3-Hyp in the Xaa-positions. Here, we describe the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3- and 4-Hyp-isomers by separating the free imino acids either with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) or after derivatization with reversed-phase chromatography (RPC). In both cases, the compounds were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Langrock
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Posttranslational modifications can cause profound changes in protein function. Typically, these modifications are reversible, and thus provide a biochemical on-off switch. In contrast, proline residues are the substrates for an irreversible reaction that is the most common posttranslational modification in humans. This reaction, which is catalyzed by prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H), yields (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp). The protein substrates for P4Hs are diverse. Likewise, the biological consequences of prolyl hydroxylation vary widely, and include altering protein conformation and protein-protein interactions, and enabling further modification. The best known role for Hyp is in stabilizing the collagen triple helix. Hyp is also found in proteins with collagen-like domains, as well as elastin, conotoxins, and argonaute 2. A prolyl hydroxylase domain protein acts on the hypoxia inducible factor alpha, which plays a key role in sensing molecular oxygen, and could act on inhibitory kappaB kinase and RNA polymerase II. P4Hs are not unique to animals, being found in plants and microbes as well. Here, we review the enzymic catalysts of prolyl hydroxylation, along with the chemical and biochemical consequences of this subtle but abundant posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Gorres
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA
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18
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Weis MA, Hudson DM, Kim L, Scott M, Wu JJ, Eyre DR. Location of 3-hydroxyproline residues in collagen types I, II, III, and V/XI implies a role in fibril supramolecular assembly. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2580-90. [PMID: 19940144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.068726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helices are stabilized by 4-hydroxyproline residues. No function is known for the much less common 3-hydroxyproline (3Hyp), although genetic defects inhibiting its formation cause recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. To help understand the pathogenesis, we used mass spectrometry to identify the sites and local sequence motifs of 3Hyp residues in fibril-forming collagens from normal human and bovine tissues. The results confirm a single, essentially fully occupied 3Hyp site (A1) at Pro(986) in A-clade chains alpha1(I), alpha1(II), and alpha2(V). Two partially modified sites (A2 and A3) were found at Pro(944) in alpha1(II) and alpha2(V) and Pro(707) in alpha2(I) and alpha2(V), which differed from A1 in sequence motif. Significantly, the distance between sites 2 and 3, 237 residues, is close to the collagen D-period (234 residues). A search for additional D-periodic 3Hyp sites revealed a fourth site (A4) at Pro(470) in alpha2(V), 237 residues N-terminal to site 3. In contrast, human and bovine type III collagen contained no 3Hyp at any site, despite a candidate proline residue and recognizable A1 sequence motif. A conserved histidine in mammalian alpha1(III) at A1 may have prevented 3-hydroxylation because this site in chicken type III was fully hydroxylated, and tyrosine replaced histidine. All three B-clade type V/XI collagen chains revealed the same three sites of 3Hyp but at different loci and sequence contexts from those in A-clade collagen chains. Two of these B-clade sites were spaced apart by 231 residues. From these and other observations we propose a fundamental role for 3Hyp residues in the ordered self-assembly of collagen supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Weis
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6500, USA
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The prolyl 3-hydroxylases P3H2 and P3H3 are novel targets for epigenetic silencing in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1687-96. [PMID: 19436308 PMCID: PMC2696763 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of P3H2 (Leprel1) and P3H3 (Leprel2) but not P3H1 (Leprecan) is down-regulated in breast cancer by aberrant CpG methylation in the 5′ regulatory sequences of each gene. Methylation of P3H2 appears specific to breast cancer as no methylation was detected in a range of cell lines from other epithelial cancers or from primary brain tumours or malignant melanoma. Methylation in P3H2, but not P3H3, was strongly associated with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers, whereas methylation in P3H3 was associated with higher tumour grade and Nottingham Prognostic Index. Ectopic expression of P3H2 and P3H3 in cell lines with silencing of the endogenous gene results in suppression of colony growth. This is the first demonstration of epigenetic inactivation of prolyl hydroxylases in human cancer, implying that this gene family represents a novel class of tumour suppressors. The restriction of silencing in P3H2 to breast carcinomas, and its association with oestrogen-receptor-positive cases, suggests that P3H2 may be a breast-cancer-specific tumour suppressor.
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Zervos C, Adams E. S-carboxymethylcysteine sulfone: instability to acid hydrolysis and unreactivity with N-terminal reagents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 10:1-8. [PMID: 881289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1977.tb02770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An examination of the properties and reactivity of S-carboxymethylcysteine sulfone indicated that, unlike S-carboxymethylcysteine, the sulfone is not stable under acid hydrolysis conditions and decomposes to yield alanine. Unlike S-carboxymethylcysteine, the sulfone is resistant to N-derivatization by the dansyl reagent or by phenylisothiocyanate. Efforts were made to determine if spontaneous cyclization of the sulfone to the corresponding thiazane (lactam) accounts for lack of reactivity. These included i.r. spectroscopy, natural abundance 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, but yielded equivocal results concerning the existence of the cyclic form in solution. Solubility behavior of the sulfone after lyophilization from strongly acid solutions was consistent with conversion of the open chain form to the cyclic form on addition of water.
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21
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Adams E. Synthesis of peptides and derivatives of 3- and 4- hydroxyproline. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 8:503-16. [PMID: 965158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1976.tb02531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and properties are reported for a number of peptides and related derivatives of 3-hydroxy-L-proline and 4-hydroxyl-L-proline. These were made for several different purposes, namely, sythesis of N-acetyl-O-tosyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline amide as a model for chemical reduction of peptide-bound hydroxyproline, synthesis of tripeptides with the sequence glycyl-4-hydroxy-L-hydroxy-L-prolyl-X, synthesis of the naturally occurring sequence, glycyl-3-hydroxy-L-prolyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline, and monomers for polymerization to yield the sequence -glycyl-prolyl-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-.
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22
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Ramaswamy SG. Preparation of 14C-3-hydroxyproline from 14C-proline by Peroxidation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Adams E, Rao NV, Ramaswamy S. Collagen-like polypeptides: Synthesis of radioactive polytripeptides with the internal sequence -Gly-Pro-Pro-. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580150149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Taylor CM, Hardré R, Edwards PJB. The impact of pyrrolidine hydroxylation on the conformation of proline-containing peptides. J Org Chem 2005; 70:1306-15. [PMID: 15704965 DOI: 10.1021/jo0490043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] A series of eight dipeptides of the general formula Ac-Phe-Pro-NHMe was synthesized and the thermodynamics of the cis --> trans isomerization about the central amide bond were studied by NMR. Pro* represents the following prolines: l-proline (Pro), l-trans-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp), l-cis-4-hydroxyproline (hyp), l-cis-4-methoxyproline (hyp[OMe]), l-trans-3-hydroxyproline (3-Hyp), l-cis-3-hydroxyproline (3-hyp), l-2,3-trans-3,4-cis-3,4-dihydroxyproline (DHP), and l-2,3-cis-3,4-trans-3,4-dihydroxyproline (dhp). The conformation of the pyrrolidine ring in each case is discussed in light of previous structural studies, analysis of potential stereoelectronic effects, and NMR data. Hydroxy substituents at C-4 have a greater impact on cis --> trans isomerization than analogous substituents at C-3 as a result of the intervening bond distances and bridging groups. The position of the equilibrium and its dependence on temperature are a reflection of both enthalpic and entropic factors, the latter being complicated in this study by an Ar-Pro interaction in the cis conformation. The substituents on the pyrrolidine ring determine the conformation of the five-membered ring, which in turn influences the strength of the Ar-Pro interaction, backbone dihedral angles, and the relative energy of the cis and trans species. The ultimate position of the equilibrium depends on a complex blend of steric, electronic, and conformational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Taylor
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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25
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Chakraborty TK, Srinivasu P, Rao RV, Kumar SK, Kunwar AC. Conformational studies of peptides containing cis-3-hydroxy-D-proline. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7399-402. [PMID: 15471504 DOI: 10.1021/jo048893r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conformational analysis of peptides containing cis-3-hydroxy-d-proline (d-cis-3-Hyp) by NMR studies revealed that the 3-hydroxyl group in this amino acid plays a significant role in the overall three-dimensional structures of the peptides. When the d-cis-3-Hyp had its 3-hydroxyl group protected as the benzyl (Bn) ether, the peptide displayed a beta-hairpin structure in both CDCl(3) and DMSO-d(6). Even after the removal of the Bn group, the resulting deprotected compound retained the same structure as in the protected version in CDCl(3). However, in polar solvent DMSO-d(6), the C-terminal strand of the hydroxyl-deprotected peptide flipped to the side of the hydroxyl group, breaking the hairpin to form a pseudo beta-turn-like nine-membered ring structure involving an intramolecular hydrogen bond between LeuNH --> HypC3-OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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27
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Vranka JA, Sakai LY, Bächinger HP. Prolyl 3-Hydroxylase 1, Enzyme Characterization and Identification of a Novel Family of Enzymes. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:23615-21. [PMID: 15044469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312807200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The collagen prolyl hydroxylases are enzymes that are required for proper collagen biosynthesis, folding, and assembly. They reside within the endoplasmic reticulum and belong to the group of 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent dioxygenases. Although prolyl 4-hydroxylase has been characterized as an alpha2beta2 tetramer in which protein disulfide isomerase is the beta subunit with two different alpha subunit isoforms, little is known about the enzyme prolyl 3-hydroxylase (P3H). It was initially characterized and shown to have an enzymatic activity distinct from that of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, but no amino acid sequences or genes were ever reported for the mammalian enzyme. Here we report the characterization of a novel prolyl 3-hydroxylase enzyme isolated from embryonic chicks. The primary structure of the enzyme, which we now call P3H1, demonstrates that P3H1 is a member of a family of prolyl 3-hydroxylases, which share the conserved residues present in the active site of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase. P3H1 is the chick homologue of mammalian leprecan or growth suppressor 1. Two other P3H family members are the genes previously called MLAT4 and GRCB. In this study we demonstrate prolyl 3-hydroxylase activity of the purified enzyme P3H1 on a full-length procollagen substrate. We also show it to specifically interact with denatured collagen and to exist in a tight complex with other endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins. Immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific for chick P3H1 localizes P3H1 specifically to tissues that express fibrillar collagens, suggesting that other P3H family members may be responsible for modifying basement membrane collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Vranka
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Mizuno K, Hayashi T, Peyton DH, Bachinger HP. The Peptides Acetyl-(Gly-3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2 and Acetyl-(Gly-Pro-3(S)Hyp)10-NH2 Do Not Form a Collagen Triple Helix. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:282-7. [PMID: 14576161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308181200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of proline residues in the Yaa position of the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeated sequence to 4(R)-hydroxyproline is essential for the formation of the collagen triple helix. A small number of 3(S)-hydroxyproline residues are present in most collagens in the Xaa position. Neither the structural nor a biological role is known for 3(S)-hydroxyproline. To characterize the structural role of 3(S)-hydroxyproline, the peptide Ac-(Gly-3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2 was synthesized and analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At 4 degrees C in water the circular dichroism spectrum indicates that this peptide was in a polyproline-II-like secondary structure with a positive peak at 225 nm similar to Ac-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2. The positive peak at 225 nm almost linearly decreases with increasing temperature to 95 degrees C without an obvious transition. Although the peptide Ac-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2 forms a trimer at 10 degrees C, sedimentation equilibrium experiments indicate that Ac-(Gly-3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2 is a monomer in water at 7 degrees C. To study the role of 3(S)-hydroxyproline in the Yaa position, we synthesized Ac-(Gly-Pro-3(S)Hyp)10-NH2. This peptide also does not form a triple helix in water. 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data (including line widths and nuclear Overhauser effects) are entirely consistent, with neither Ac-(Gly-3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)10-NH2 nor Ac-(Gly-Pro-3(S)Hyp)10-NH2 forming a triple helix in water. Therefore 3(S)-hydroxyproline destabilizes the collagen triple helix in either position. In contrast, when 3(S)-hydroxyproline is inserted as a guest in the highly stable -Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyperepeated host sequence, Ac-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)3-Gly-3(S)Hyp-4(R)Hyp-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)4-Gly-Gly-NH2 forms as stable a trimer (Tm=49.6 degrees C) as Ac-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)8-Gly-Gly-NH2 (Tm=48.9 degrees C). Given that Ac-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)3-Gly-4(R)Hyp-Pro-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)4-Gly-Gly-NH2 forms a triple helix nearly as stable as the above two peptides (Tm=45.0 degrees C) and the knowledge that Ac-(Gly-4(R)Hyp-Pro)10-NH2 does not form a triple helix, we conclude that the host environment dominates the structure of host-guest peptides and that these peptides are not necessarily accurate predictors of triple helical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Mizuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Research Department, Portland, Oregon 97239
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29
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Jenkins CL, Bretscher LE, Guzei IA, Raines RT. Effect of 3-hydroxyproline residues on collagen stability. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:6422-7. [PMID: 12785781 DOI: 10.1021/ja034015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is an integral part of many types of connective tissue in animals, especially skin, bones, cartilage, and basement membranes. A fibrous protein, collagen has a triple-helical structure, which is comprised of strands with a repeating Xaa-Yaa-Gly sequence. l-Proline (Pro) and 4(R)-hydroxy-l-proline (4-Hyp) residues occur most often in the Xaa and Yaa positions. The 4-Hyp residue is known to increase markedly the conformational stability of a collagen triple helix. In natural collagen, a 3(S)-hydroxy-l-proline (3-Hyp) residue occurs in the sequence: 3-Hyp-4-Hyp-Gly. Its effect on collagen stability is unknown. Here, two host-guest peptides containing 3-Hyp are synthesized: (Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)(3)-3-Hyp-4-Hyp-Gly-(Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)(3) (peptide 1) and (Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)(3)-Pro-3-Hyp-Gly-(Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)(3) (peptide 2). The 3-Hyp residues in these two peptides diminish triple-helical stability in comparison to Pro. This destabilization is small when 3-Hyp is in the natural Xaa position (peptide 1). There, the inductive effect of its 3-hydroxyl group diminishes slightly the strength of the interstrand 3-HypC=O.H-NGly hydrogen bond. The destabilization is large when 3-Hyp is in the nonnatural Yaa position (peptide 2). There, its pyrrolidine ring pucker leads to inappropriate mainchain dihedral angles and interstrand steric clashes. Thus, the natural regioisomeric residues 3-Hyp and 4-Hyp have distinct effects on the conformational stability of the collagen triple helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Jenkins
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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30
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Abstract
Recent data concerning the thermostability and the primary structure of type IV collagens, some invertebrate collagens, and for the stability of synthetic collagen-like polypeptides, show that our earlier analysis of the phylogenetic change of thermostability has some shortcomings. The results of the analysis were corrected and it has been shown that the dependence of denaturation temperature Td on 4-hydroxyproline content is hyperbolic and the total Gly-Pro-Hyp sequence content is a main, but not exclusive, factor influencing the change of collagen thermostability. It appears possible that the same mechanism underlies the thermostability of fibril-forming collagens of all animal life, ranging from Antarctic ice fish to at least one annelid (Alvinella pompejana) living at very high temperatures at the bottom of the ocean near thermal vents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Burjanadze
- A. Natishvili Institute of Experimental Morphology, Georgian Academy of Science, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia.
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Burjanadze TV, Veis A. A thermodynamic analysis of the contribution of hydroxyproline to the structural stability of the collagen triple helix. Connect Tissue Res 1998; 36:347-65. [PMID: 9610892 DOI: 10.3109/03008209709160233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T V Burjanadze
- A. Natishvili Institute of Experimental Morphology, Georgian Academy of Science, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
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Bozas SE, Panaccio M, Creaney J, Dosen M, Parsons JC, Vlasuk GV, Walker ID, Spithill TW. Characterisation of a novel Kunitz-type molecule from the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1995; 74:19-29. [PMID: 8719242 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(95)02478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A low molecular mass monomeric protein termed Fh-KTM (Fasciola hepatica Kunitz-type molecule) was isolated from the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Fh-KTM is a single polypeptide of 58 amino acids and a Mr of 6751. The complete amino acid sequence of Fh-KTM was determined and revealed significant similarity to the Kunitz-type (BPTI) family of proteinase inhibitors. Several polymorphisms were observed suggesting that more than one Fh-KTM molecule may be expressed by this parasite. Modified proline residues were shown to occur at all four positions in this protein as 3-hydroxy derivatives. This is the first report of 3-hydroxyproline residues in a Kunitz-type molecule. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling revealed that Fh-KTM is an abundant molecule within the parasite localised to the gut, the parenchymal tissue and the tegument of adult F. hepatica. Serine protease inhibition assays revealed that Fh-KTM exhibited little or no inhibition against chymotrypsin, kallikrein, urokinase or key serine proteases of the blood coagulation pathways. However, Fh-KTM was able to inhibit trypsin even though the P1 reactive amino acid of Fh-KTM was a leucine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Bozas
- Immunoparasitology Department, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Victoria, Australia.
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34
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Ramaswamy SG. Hydroxyproline 2-epimerase of Pseudomonas. Subunit structure and active site studies. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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36
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Burjanadze TV, Kisiriya EL. Dependence of thermal stability on the number of hydrogen bonds in water-bridged collagen structure. Biopolymers 1982; 21:1695-701. [PMID: 7126753 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360210902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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37
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Burjanadze TV. Evidence for the role of 4-hydroxyproline localized in the third position of the triplet (Gly-X-Y) in adaptational changes of thermostability of a collagen molecule and collagen fibrils. Biopolymers 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360210803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Stone BL, Gray WR. Occurrence of hydroxyproline in a toxin from the marine snail Conus geographus. Arch Biochem Biophys 1982; 216:765-7. [PMID: 7114859 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(82)90268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Asghar A, Henrickson RL. Chemical, biochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of collagen in food systems. ADVANCES IN FOOD RESEARCH 1982; 28:231-372. [PMID: 6762058 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2628(08)60113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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40
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Heathcote JG, Grant ME. The molecular organization of basement membranes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH 1981; 9:191-264. [PMID: 7040276 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-363709-3.50011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Prockop DJ, Kivirikko KI, Tuderman L, Guzman NA. The biosynthesis of collagen and its disorders (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 1979; 301:13-23. [PMID: 449904 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197907053010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 849] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Steiner W, Niederwieser A. Peptide analysis as amino alcohols by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Application to hyperoligopeptiduria. Detection of Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp and Gly-Pro-4Hyp-Gly. Clin Chim Acta 1979; 92:431-41. [PMID: 436283 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(79)90224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A method for the qualitative analysis of oligopeptides in human urine in cases of peptiduria is described. After sample precleaning on a strongly acidic ion exchanger, the trifluoroacetyl/methyl esters were formed and the peptide derivatives were transformed into trifluoroethyl oligoamino alcohols according to Nau and Biemann. It was found that oligoamino alcohols could be isolated selectively on a weakly acidic ion exchanger. The O-trimethylsilylated trifluoroethyl oligoamino alcohols were separated on a SE-30 glass capillary column and analyzed by computer-assisted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In order to increase specificity and to facilitate mass spectrometric interpretation, aliquots of the sample were reduced separately with lithium-aluminium deuteride and hydride. Each peptide gave a pair of derivatives with characteristic mass differences of the ions, namely 2 mass units per reduced oxo group (deuterium-hydrogen-labelling of oxo groups by reduction). Correct identification is assumed only if both mass spectral patterns fit the theory. Sample volumes of 5--100 ml of urine are needed. About six samples can be derivatized per week. Three cases with suspected peptiduria were investigated and the following peptides were found: Gly-Pro-4Hyp-Gly; Gly-Pro-4Hyp; Gly-Hyp-Hyp (postulated isomer Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp); Pro-4Hyp and Gly-Pro. With exception of the tetrapeptide, these compounds could be detected also in the urine of a healthy child.
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44
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Kefalides NA, Alper R, Clark CC. Biochemistry and metabolism of basement membranes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1979; 61:167-228. [PMID: 389868 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Partial reaction of prolyl hydroxylase. (Gly-PRO-Ala)n stimulates alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylation without prolyl hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)46933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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46
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Horáková M, Deyl Z. Chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour of amino acids arising from post-translational reactions in proteins. J Chromatogr A 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)93923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Lee KS, Drescher DG. Fluorometric amino-acid analysis with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA). THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 9:457-67. [PMID: 28966 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(78)90075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Carlson EC, Brendel K, Hjelle JT, Meezan E. Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses of isolated basement membranes from kidney glomeruli and tubules and brain and retinal microvessels. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1978; 62:26-53. [PMID: 564975 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(78)80028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Prolyl hydroxylase of earthworms. Substrate specificity of an enzyme from the subcuticular epithelium. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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Chang Y, Adams E. Glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas. Purification, properties, and relation to L-lysine catabolism. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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