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Kushiyama A, Takahashi M, Kushiyama S, Kikuchi T, Asano T. Metabolism-dependent Vascular Pathophysiology in Adult Diseases. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:465-471. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sakura Kushiyama
- National College of Nursing, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Takako Kikuchi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Méndez-Salazar EO, Vázquez-Mellado J, Casimiro-Soriguer CS, Dopazo J, Çubuk C, Zamudio-Cuevas Y, Francisco-Balderas A, Martínez-Flores K, Fernández-Torres J, Lozada-Pérez C, Pineda C, Sánchez-González A, Silveira LH, Burguete-García AI, Orbe-Orihuela C, Lagunas-Martínez A, Vazquez-Gomez A, López-Reyes A, Palacios-González B, Martínez-Nava GA. Taxonomic variations in the gut microbiome of gout patients with and without tophi might have a functional impact on urate metabolism. Mol Med 2021; 27:50. [PMID: 34030623 PMCID: PMC8142508 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome in gout patients with and without tophi formation, and predict bacterial functions that might have an impact on urate metabolism. Methods Hypervariable V3–V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from fecal samples of gout patients with and without tophi (n = 33 and n = 25, respectively) were sequenced and compared to fecal samples from 53 healthy controls. We explored predictive functional profiles using bioinformatics in order to identify differences in taxonomy and metabolic pathways. Results We identified a microbiome characterized by the lowest richness and a higher abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group genera in patients with gout without tophi when compared to controls. The Proteobacteria phylum and the Escherichia-Shigella genus were more abundant in patients with tophaceous gout than in controls. Fold change analysis detected nine genera enriched in healthy controls compared to gout groups (Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, Oscillobacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_010, Lachnospiraceae_ND2007_group, Haemophilus, Ruminococcus_1, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Ruminococcaceae_UGC_013). We found that the core microbiota of both gout groups shared Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183, and Bacteroides coprocola DSM 17136. These bacteria might perform functions linked to one-carbon metabolism, nucleotide binding, amino acid biosynthesis, and purine biosynthesis. Finally, we observed differences in key bacterial enzymes involved in urate synthesis, degradation, and elimination. Conclusion Our findings revealed that taxonomic variations in the gut microbiome of gout patients with and without tophi might have a functional impact on urate metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00311-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Orlando Méndez-Salazar
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en ICES, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janitzia Vázquez-Mellado
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos S Casimiro-Soriguer
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,FPS/ELIXIR-Es, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 42013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Francisco-Balderas
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Fernández-Torres
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Lozada-Pérez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pineda
- División de Enfermedades Musculo-Esqueléticas y Reumáticas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis H Silveira
- Departamento de Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana I Burguete-García
- Departamento de Epidemiología Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Citlalli Orbe-Orihuela
- Departamento de Epidemiología Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Departamento de Epidemiología Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alonso Vazquez-Gomez
- Hospital General Regional No. 1 "Ignacio García Tellez", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 38 million individuals in the United States. However, the significance of asymptomatic hyperuricemia - hyperuricemia in the absence of gout - continues to be debated. RECENT FINDINGS Asymptomatic hyperuricemia results in monosodium urate crystal deposition in tissues, which may promote chronic inflammation. Intracellularly, hyperuricemia inhibits the master regulator adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-associated protein kinase and may condition innate immune responses through durable epigenetic modifications. At the population level, asymptomatic hyperuricemia is associated with multiple comorbidities, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, and diabetes; limitations of these studies include that most are retrospective and some do not rigorously distinguish between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout. Treatment studies suggest that urate lowering may reduce the risk of incidence or progression of some of these comorbidities; unfortunately, many of these treatment studies are small or flawed, and not all study results are consistent. SUMMARY Accumulating evidence suggests that asymptomatic hyperuricemia contributes to the comorbidities with which it associates and that proper asymptomatic hyperuricemia treatment may reduce future risk. Additional prospective trials are needed to definitely establish causality and support decision-making as to whether, and which patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia would warrant urate-lowering treatment.
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Park SK, Rosenthal TR, Williams JS, Shelton JM, Takahashi M, Zhang S, Bobulescu IA. Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of chronic mild hyperuricemia in rodents. J Investig Med 2018; 66:1037-1044. [PMID: 30042113 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mildly elevated serum uric acid levels are common in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but whether elevated uric acid has a causal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes remains uncertain. We tested whether chronic mild hyperuricemia in rodents under controlled laboratory conditions can cause glucose intolerance in otherwise healthy animals, or whether it can worsen glucometabolic control in animals that are genetically predisposed to T2DM. We used an established model of experimental hyperuricemia in rodents with potassium oxonate dietary supplementation, which led to sustained, approximately two-fold elevation of uric acid compared with control animals. We also reversed the hyperuricemic effect of oxonate in some animals by treatment with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Manipulation of serum uric acid levels in Sprague-Dawley rats for up to 18 weeks did not affect fasting glucose and glucose tolerance. Blood pressure was also not affected by hyperuricemia in rats fed a Western-type diet. We next sought to determine whether uric acid may aggravate or accelerate the onset of glucometabolic abnormalities in rats already predisposed to T2DM. Chronic oxonate treatment in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean control rats for up to 6 weeks did not affect fasting glucose, insulin, and glucose tolerance in ZDF rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that elevated uric acid does not directly contribute to the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and T2DM in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun K Park
- The Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tara R Rosenthal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica S Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,The Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- The Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ion Alexandru Bobulescu
- The Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Battelli MG, Bortolotti M, Polito L, Bolognesi A. The role of xanthine oxidoreductase and uric acid in metabolic syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2557-2565. [PMID: 29733945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) could contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome through the oxidative stress and the inflammatory response induced by XOR-derived reactive oxygen species and uric acid. Hyperuricemia is strongly linked to hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The serum level of XOR is correlated to triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting glycemia, fasting insulinemia and insulin resistance index. Increased activity of endothelium-linked XOR may promote hypertension. In addition, XOR is implicated in pre-adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. XOR and uric acid play a role in cell transformation and proliferation as well as in the progression and metastatic process. Collected evidences confirm the contribution of XOR and uric acid in metabolic syndrome. However, in some circumstances XOR and uric acid may have anti-oxidant protective outcomes. The dual-face role of both XOR and uric acid explains the contradictory results obtained with XOR inhibitors and suggests caution in their therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Vinuthinee-Naidu MN, Zunaina E, Azreen-Redzal A, Nyi-Nyi N. Correlation of retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness with serum uric acid among type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:91. [PMID: 28615022 PMCID: PMC5471720 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uric acid is a final breakdown product of purine catabolism in humans. It’s a potent antioxidant and can also act as a pro-oxidant that induces oxidative stress on the vascular endothelial cells, thus mediating progression of diabetic related diseases. Various epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that uric acid has a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular thickness with serum uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eye Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan between the period of August 2013 till July 2015 involving type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with no diabetic retinopathy and with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). An evaluation for RNFL and macular thickness was measured using Spectralis Heidelberg optical coherence tomography. Six ml of venous blood was taken for the measurement of serum uric acid and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C). Results A total of 180 diabetic patients were recruited (90 patients with no diabetic retinopathy and 90 patients with NPDR) into the study. The mean level of serum uric acid for both the groups was within normal range and there was no significance difference between the two groups. Based on gender, both male and female gender showed significantly higher level of mean serum uric acid in no diabetic retinopathy group (p = 0.004 respectively). The mean serum uric acid was significantly higher in patient with HbA1C < 6.5% (p < 0.031). Patients with NPDR have thicker RNFL and macular thickness compared to patients with no diabetic retinopathy. However, only the RNFL thickness of the temporal quadrant and the macular thickness of the superior outer, inferior outer and temporal outer subfields were statistically significant (p = 0.038, p = 0.004, 0.033 and <0.001 respectively). There was poor correlation between RNFL and macular thickness with serum uric acid in both the groups. Conclusion Serum uric acid showed a poor correlation with RNFL and macular thickness among type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munisamy-Naidu Vinuthinee-Naidu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, 05460, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Embong Zunaina
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. .,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Anuar Azreen-Redzal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, 05460, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Naing Nyi-Nyi
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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7
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Guo Z, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ang KY, Huang S, Hou Q, Su X, Qiao J, Zheng Y, Wang L, Koh E, Danliang H, Xu J, Lee YK, Zhang H. Intestinal Microbiota Distinguish Gout Patients from Healthy Humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20602. [PMID: 26852926 PMCID: PMC4757479 DOI: 10.1038/srep20602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current blood-based approach for gout diagnosis can be of low sensitivity and hysteretic. Here via a 68-member cohort of 33 healthy and 35 diseased individuals, we reported that the intestinal microbiota of gout patients are highly distinct from healthy individuals in both organismal and functional structures. In gout, Bacteroides caccae and Bacteroides xylanisolvens are enriched yet Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum depleted. The established reference microbial gene catalogue for gout revealed disorder in purine degradation and butyric acid biosynthesis in gout patients. In an additional 15-member validation-group, a diagnosis model via 17 gout-associated bacteria reached 88.9% accuracy, higher than the blood-uric-acid based approach. Intestinal microbiota of gout are more similar to those of type-2 diabetes than to liver cirrhosis, whereas depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and reduced butyrate biosynthesis are shared in each of the metabolic syndromes. Thus the Microbial Index of Gout was proposed as a novel, sensitive and non-invasive strategy for diagnosing gout via fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Zhanli Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, China
| | - Kay Ying Ang
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117597, Singapore
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Xiaoquan Su
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Jianmin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Eileen Koh
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ho Danliang
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Yuan Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117597, Singapore
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
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Rocić B, Vucić-Lovrencić M, Poje N, Poje M, Bertuzzi F. Uric acid may inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion via binding to an essential arginine residue in rat pancreatic β-cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1181-4. [PMID: 15686937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid (1a) suppresses basal insulin release in isolated rat pancreatic islets and inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) occurs right at hyperuricaemic levels (0.4 mM). Conversely, 1 mM guanidinium urate (2a) was completely ineffective, strongly suggesting that binding to an essential arginine residue triggers the inhibitory effect. A specific recognition of 1a molecule at the crucial beta-cell receptor is probably involved in the blocking glucose signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rocić
- University Clinic Vuk Vrhovac, Medical Faculty, Dugi dol 4a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Worlicek H, Grabner W, Riemann JF. [Effects of uric acid on the B cell in the isolated perfused rat pancreas (author's transl)]. RESEARCH IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE EXPERIMENTELLE MEDIZIN EINSCHLIESSLICH EXPERIMENTELLER CHIRURGIE 1981; 178:165-75. [PMID: 7015435 DOI: 10.1007/bf01851491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Methylxanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, show effects increasing the secretion of insulin. Perfusion experiments were intended to find out whether insulin secretion is influenced by uric acid, which is chemically closely related. Besides, it was to be demonstrated that uric acid causes no damages to islet cell structures for it is well established that alloxan, which is chemically related to uric acid, produces necroses in B cells. Isolated rat pancreata were stimulated by glucose at concentrations of 100 mg/100 ml and 300 mg/100 ml. In part of the experiments uric acid was added to the perfusion medium at a concentration of 12 mg/100 ml. We found that uric acid has no influence on insulin secretion if it is stimulated by glucose at a concentration of 100 mg/100 ml. However, if B cells are stimulated by glucose at a concentration of 300 mg/100 ml insulin secretion is enhanced by the addition of uric acid by more than 100%. This indicates that this substance exhibits a glucose-potentiating effect. The characteristic dynamics of insulin secretion demonstrate together with light- and electron-microscopic investigations that uric acid causes a real additional secretion and no leaking of intracellular insulin as a result of destruction of islet cell structures by an effect of uric acid similar to that of alloxan.
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10
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Poje M, Rocić B. Diabetogenic action of alloxan-like derivatives of uric acid. EXPERIENTIA 1980; 36:78-9. [PMID: 6892622 DOI: 10.1007/bf02003985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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12
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Herzberg L. [Diabetes mellitus, serum urate and gout. A study in 314 patients (author's transl)]. ACTA DIABETOLOGICA LATINA 1973; 10:1202-15. [PMID: 4793672 DOI: 10.1007/bf02590711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Wellmann KF, Adachi M, Volk BW. Pancreatic and hepatic ultrastructure in offspring of rabbits with protein malnutrition. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGY. PATHOLOGISCHE ANATOMIE 1973; 360:327-37. [PMID: 4201100 DOI: 10.1007/bf00548353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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15
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MACKENZIE AR, HALL T, WHITMORE WF. The relation between the zinc content of the canine prostate and the histologic effects of dithizone. J Urol 1962; 87:923-9. [PMID: 14467946 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)65069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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GRAY CT, BROOKE MS, GERHART JC. Inhibition of Urease by Alloxan and Alloxanic Acid. Nature 1959; 184 (Suppl 25):1936-7. [PMID: 13829097 DOI: 10.1038/1841936a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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STIRLAND GB, CROSSEN GE. Formulation of pharmaceuticals for the diabetic. I. Preliminary studies in the induction of alloxan diabetes in rabbits. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION 1952; 41:609-11. [PMID: 12999632 DOI: 10.1002/jps.3030411117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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OGILVIE RF. Experimental glycosuria: its production, prevention, and alleviation. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1952; 10:183-215. [PMID: 12995596 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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21
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Grunert R, Phillips PH. THE INABILITY OF LIVER HOMOGENATES TO CONVERT URIC ACID TO ALLOXAN. J Biol Chem 1951. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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