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An Effective and Safe Enkephalin Analog for Antinociception. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070927. [PMID: 34206631 PMCID: PMC8308721 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids account for 69,000 overdose deaths per annum worldwide and cause serious side effects. Safer analgesics are urgently needed. The endogenous opioid peptide Leu-Enkephalin (Leu-ENK) is ineffective when introduced peripherally due to poor stability and limited membrane permeability. We developed a focused library of Leu-ENK analogs containing small hydrophobic modifications. N-pivaloyl analog KK-103 showed the highest binding affinity to the delta opioid receptor (68% relative to Leu-ENK) and an extended plasma half-life of 37 h. In the murine hot-plate model, subcutaneous KK-103 showed 10-fold improved anticonception (142%MPE·h) compared to Leu-ENK (14%MPE·h). In the formalin model, KK-103 reduced the licking and biting time to ~50% relative to the vehicle group. KK-103 was shown to act through the opioid receptors in the central nervous system. In contrast to morphine, KK-103 was longer-lasting and did not induce breathing depression, physical dependence, and tolerance, showing potential as a safe and effective analgesic.
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Wang ZL, Pan JX, Song JJ, Tang HH, Yu HP, Li XH, Li N, Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang MN, Xu B, Fang Q, Wang R. Structure-Based Optimization of Multifunctional Agonists for Opioid and Neuropeptide FF Receptors with Potent Nontolerance Forming Analgesic Activities. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10198-10208. [PMID: 27798836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hong-Hai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hong-Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Run Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Meng-Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Biao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Dolle RE, Michaut M, Martinez-Teipel B, Belanger S, Graczyk TM, DeHaven RN. Further studies of tyrosine surrogates in opioid receptor peptide ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2656-60. [PMID: 17350835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of opioid peptide ligands containing modified N-terminal tyrosine (Tyr) residues was prepared and evaluated against cloned human mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. This work extends the recent discovery that (S)-4-carboxamidophenylalanine (Cpa) is an effective tyrosine bioisostere. Amino acids containing negatively charged functional groups in place of tyrosine's phenolic hydroxyl lacked receptor affinity, while exchange of Tyr for (S)-4-aminophenylalanine was modestly successful. Peptides containing the new amino acids, (S)-4-carboxamido-2,6-dimethylphenylalanine (Cdp) and (S)-beta-(2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)alanine (Aba), displayed binding (K(i)) and functional (EC(50)) profiles comparable to the parent ligands at the three receptors. Cdp represents the best performing Tyr surrogate in terms of overall activity, while Cpa and Aba show a subtle proclivity toward the delta receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Cloning, Molecular
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Models, Chemical
- Molecular Conformation
- Peptides/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Tyrosine/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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Fujita Y, Tsuda Y, Motoyama T, Li T, Miyazaki A, Yokoi T, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Niizuma H, Jinsmaa Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Studies on the structure–activity relationship of 2′,6′-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) derivatives: bioactivity profile of H–Dmt–NH–CH3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:599-602. [PMID: 15664820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) enhances receptor affinity, functional bioactivity and in vivo analgesia of opioid peptides. To further investigate its direct influence on these opioid parameters, we developed a series of compounds (H-Dmt-NH-X). Among them, H-Dmt-NH-CH(3) showed the highest affinity (K(i)mu=7.45 nM) equal to that of morphine, partial mu-opioid agonism (E(max)=66.6%) in vitro and a moderate antinociception in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Fujita
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
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Dolle RE, Machaut M, Martinez-Teipel B, Belanger S, Cassel JA, Stabley GJ, Graczyk TM, DeHaven RN. (4-Carboxamido)phenylalanine is a surrogate for tyrosine in opioid receptor peptide ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:3545-8. [PMID: 15177470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
(S)-4-(Carboxamido)phenylalanine (Cpa) is examined as a bioisosteric replacement for the terminal tyrosine (Tyr) residue in a variety of known peptide ligands for the mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors. The Cpa-containing peptides, assayed against cloned human opioid receptors, display comparable binding affinity (Ki), and agonist potency (EC50) to the parent ligands at the three receptors. Cpa analogs of delta selective peptides show an increase in delta selectivity relative to the mu receptor. Cpa is the first example of an amino acid that acts as a surrogate for Tyr in opioid peptide ligands, challenging the long-standing belief that a phenolic residue is required for high affinity binding.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids, Aromatic/chemical synthesis
- Amino Acids, Aromatic/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line
- Humans
- Ligands
- Molecular Structure
- Opioid Peptides/metabolism
- Phenol/chemistry
- Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylalanine/chemical synthesis
- Phenylalanine/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Tyrosine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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Čudić M, Kojić-Prodić B, Milinković V, Horvat J, Horvat Š, Elofsson M, Kihlberg J. Preparation and structural characterization of N-glycated amino acid and linear or cyclic dipeptides containing the 6-amino-6-deoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranose moiety. Carbohydr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(96)00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Blum K, Briggs AH, Trachtenberg MC. Ethanol ingestive behavior as a function of central neurotransmission. EXPERIENTIA 1989; 45:444-52. [PMID: 2566510 DOI: 10.1007/bf01952026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrollable alcohol ingestive behavior has been linked to deficits of central neurotransmission. The pineal gland plays an important role in modulating ethanol intake in numerous animal species. The opioidergic (i.e. beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin) system is involved in both the actions of alcohol and opiates, as well as craving and/or genetic predisposition towards abuse of these two agents. Furthermore, there is significant evidence to link ingestive behaviors with the ventral tegmental accumbens-hypothalamic axis, whereby the biogenic amines dopamine and serotonin are reciprocally involved. Evidence is presented which implicates the striatum and the hypothalamus as possible specific loci for regional differences between alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring mice. We believe that photoperiod-induced alcohol ingestive behavior may involve alterations in both pineal and hypothalamic opioid peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Blum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas, San Antonio 78484-7764
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Mihara H, Lee S, Shimohigashi Y, Aoyagi H, Kato T, Izumiya N, Costa T. Tyr1-substituted and fluorescent Pya1-enkephalins bind strongly and selectively to mu and delta opiate receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 136:1170-6. [PMID: 3013169 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescent enkephalins in which an essential Tyr1 residue is replaced by L-1-pyrenylalanine (Pya) were synthesized and examined in the receptor binding assays. [Pya1, Leu5]Enkephalin and its methyl ester showed binding characteristics specific for the opiate receptors, exhibiting a potent inhibition of Tyr1-containing enkephalins. Surprisingly, the methyl ester displayed almost the same potencies to those of DAGO-enkephalin. This analog bound 24-fold more strongly to mu than to delta-receptors. C-terminal free analog Pya1-Enk-OH was delta-preferential with a fairly good affinity. These results indicate that Tyr1 in enkephalin is not necessary to recognition of the opiate receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine/analogs & derivatives
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Crystallography
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
- Enkephalin, Leucine/analogs & derivatives
- Enkephalin, Leucine/metabolism
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine
- Enkephalins/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/metabolism
- Pyrenes
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta
- Receptors, Opioid, mu
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tyrosine
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Neuser D, Stasch JP, Witteler M, Kuhn W, Gerlach M, Jutzi P, Przuntek H. The interactions of 1-alkyl-4,4-diphenylpiperidines with opiate receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1983; 87:315-8. [PMID: 6301858 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(83)90344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1-Alkyl-4,4-diphenylpiperidines inhibit the binding of mu- and delta-opiate receptor agonists to crude synaptosomal membranes of rat brain. Opiate receptor affinity is dependent on the nature of the 1-alkyl substitution. In displacing [3H]etorphine, [3H]dihydromorphine and [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5] enkephalin, the 1-methyl-derivative was most effective (IC50 [3H]etorphine = 9 microM, IC50 [3H]dihydromorphine = 0.71 microM, IC50 [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin = 2.1 microM). 1-t-Butyl-4,4-diphenylpiperidine and its 1-isopropyl analogue, used as antiparkinsonism drugs, exhibit distinctly lower inhibiting concentration values (50% inhibition, IC50 values).
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Abstract
This paper is the fourth of an annual series reviewing the research concerning the endogenous opiate peptides. This installment covers only work published during 1981 and attempts to provide a comprehensive, but not exhaustive, survey of the area. Previous papers in the series have dealt with research done before 1981. Topics concerning endogenous opiates reviewed here include a delineation of their receptors, their distribution, their precursors and degradation, behavioral effects resulting from their administration, their possible involvement in physiological responses, and their interactions with other peptides and hormones. Due to the burgeoning literature in this field, the comprehensive nature of this review in the future will be limited to considerations of behavioral phenomena related to the endogenous opiates.
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