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Structural basis for cooperative oxygen binding and bracelet-assisted assembly of Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9494. [PMID: 25897633 PMCID: PMC5383013 DOI: 10.1038/srep09494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron-containing hemoglobins (Hbs) are essential proteins to serve as oxygen transporters in the blood. Among various kinds of Hbs, the earthworm Hbs are the champions in carrying oxygen due to not only their large size but also the unusually high cooperativity of ligand binding. However, the cooperative oxygen binding mechanisms are still mostly unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Lumbricus terrestris Hb in its native, oxygenated state at 9.1 Å resolution, showing remarkable differences from the carbon monoxide-binding X-ray structure. Our structural analysis first indicates that the cooperative ligand binding of L. terrestris Hb requires tertiary and quaternary transitions in the heme pocket and a global subunit movement facilitated by intra-ring and inter-ring contacts. Moreover, the additional sinusoidal bracelet provides the confirmation for the long-standing debate about the additional electron densities absent in the X-ray crystal structure.
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Riggs AF, Riggs CK. The self-association of the giant hemoglobin from the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1071-5. [PMID: 24631544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The crystallographic structure of the gigantic hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) of the annelid worm, Lumbricus terrestris, provides a molar mass of 3.6MDa for the hexagonal bilayer structure. Prior to this determination, some light-scattering and ultracentrifugal measurements indicated higher masses: 4.1-4.4MDa. Values of 3.6MDa were attributed to dissociation or subunit loss. However, early electron microscopy of the giant hemoglobin from a related annelid, Eumenia crassa by Öster Levin, showed that the hexagonal bilayer molecules were present mostly as oligomers; few were monomeric. METHODS Measurements by light-scattering of solutions of Lumbricus hemoglobin resolved by size-exclusion chromatography have been used to determine the weight-average molar mass of self-associating proteins. The X-ray structure has been re-examined. RESULTS Our measurements show that both 3.6MDa monomers and self-association products are present as a mixture. Analysis of the X-ray structure indicates several different kinds of monomer-monomer interactions. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the measured masses of Lumbricus hemoglobin as high as 4.4MDa, result from oligomerization. These masses would result from the presence of an array of oligomers of various sizes together with monomers of 3.6MDa. Furthermore, several different kinds of monomer-monomer interactions are clearly evident in the X-ray structure as well as in solution. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrate that self-association of monomers of the hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris explains the high molar masses of 4.1-4.4MDa previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen F Riggs
- Section of Neurobiology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station CO920, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Claire K Riggs
- Section of Neurobiology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station CO920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Jernshøj KD, Hassing S, Olsen LF. A combination of dynamic light scattering and polarized resonance Raman scattering applied in the study of Arenicola Marina extracellular hemoglobin. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:065104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4813920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tertiary and quaternary effects in the allosteric regulation of animal hemoglobins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1860-72. [PMID: 23523886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, protein allostery has experienced a major resurgence, boosted by the extension of the concept to systems of increasing complexity and by its exploitation for the development of drugs. Expansion of the field into new directions has not diminished the key role of hemoglobin as a test molecule for theory and experimental validation of allosteric models. Indeed, the diffusion of hemoglobins in all kingdoms of life and the variety of functions and of quaternary assemblies based on a common tertiary fold indicate that this superfamily of proteins is ideally suited for investigating the physical and molecular basis of allostery and firmly maintains its role as a main player in the field. This review is an attempt to briefly recollect common and different strategies adopted by metazoan hemoglobins, from monomeric molecules to giant complexes, exploiting homotropic and heterotropic allostery to increase their functional dynamic range. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins.
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Moreira LM, Poli AL, Lyon JP, Aimbire F, Toledo JC, Costa-Filho AJ, Imasato H. Ligand changes in ferric species of the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistusas function of pH: correlations between redox, spectroscopic and oligomeric properties and general implications with different hemoproteins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461000201x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review is focused on the relationship between oligomeric and heme properties of HbGp, emphasizing the characteristics that can be generalized to other hemoproteins. This study represents the state-of-the-art with respect to the approaches for investigating giant extracellular hemoglobins as well as the correlation between oligomeric assembly alterations and their consequent changes in the first coordination sphere. A wide introduction focused on the properties of this hemoglobin is developed. Indeed, this hemoprotein is considered an interesting prototype of blood substitute and biosensor due to its peculiar properties, such as resistance to autoxidation and oligomeric stability. Previous studies by our group employing UV-vis, EPR and CD spectroscopies have been revised in a complete approach, in agreement with recent and relevant data from the literature. In fact, a consistent and inter-related spectroscopic study is described propitiating a wide assignment of "fingerprint" peaks found in the techniques evaluated in this paper. This review furnishes physicochemical information regarding the identification of ferric heme species of hemoproteins and metallic complexes through their spectroscopic bands. This effort at the attribution of UV-vis, EPR and CD peaks is not restricted to HbGp, and includes a comparative analysis of several hemoproteins involving relevant implications regarding several types of iron-porphyrin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marmo Moreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 12244-000 São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Qualidade Acadêmica (IPQA), Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lima Poli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Lyon
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 12244-000 São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Aimbire
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 12244-000 São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Qualidade Acadêmica (IPQA), Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hidetake Imasato
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
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Elmer J, Palmer AF. Biophysical Properties of Lumbricus terrestris Erythrocruorin and Its Potential Use as a Red Blood Cell Substitute. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:49-60. [PMID: 24956515 PMCID: PMC4031009 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous generations of hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been plagued by key biophysical limitations that result in severe side-effects once transfused in vivo, including protein instability, high heme oxidation rates, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. All of these problems emerge after mammalian Hbs are removed from red blood cells (RBCs) and used for HBOC synthesis/formulation. Therefore, extracellular Hbs (erythrocruorins) from organisms which lack RBCs might serve as better HBOCs. This review focuses on the erythrocruorin of Lumbricus terrestris (LtEc), which has been shown to be extremely stable, resistant to oxidation, and may interact with NO differently than mammalian Hbs. All of these beneficial properties show that LtEc is a promising new HBOC which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Elmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 425 Koffolt Laboratories, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 425 Koffolt Laboratories, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Poli AL, Moreira LM, Imasato H. Autoxidation of giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus: molecular mechanism and oligomeric implications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 82:306-315. [PMID: 21824807 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Giant extracellular hemoglobins present high redox stability due to their supramolecular architecture, high number of polypeptide chains and great compaction of protein subunits. The oligomeric assembly and the changes in the polypeptidic structure can influence the autoxidation rate of the heme proteins, being that different nucleophiles can act in this process due to pH alterations. In the present work, we have studied the autoxidation rate of whole Glossoscolex paulistus (HbGp) giant extracellular hemoglobin, as well as the autoxidation rate of the isolated d monomer of HbGp studied regarding pH variations. The kinetic decay behavior is dependent on pH, presenting mono-exponential or bi-exponential character, depending on the oligomeric state of the protein. Thus, the oligomeric dissociation in specific pH values demonstrated a bi-exponential kinetic decay. A mono-exponential kinetic behavior was verified in the pH range of 5.9-7.3, which is assigned to the native whole protein. In alkaline medium, the presence of hydroxide ions leads the autoxidation of whole hemoglobin to a complex behavior, which is described by the combination of two first-order kinetics. The slow process occurs due to the d monomer autoxidation. At pH 7.0, the kinetic is mono-exponential, indicating a highly conserved oligomeric structure. In acid medium, the proton-catalyzed autoxidation occurs both on the whole hemoglobin and in the d monomer. It has been found that proximal and distal histidines develop determinant roles regarding the autoxidation rate, being that the distal histidine controls the contact of ligands with the ferrous center through a very interesting "swinging door" mechanism. Despite the significant sensitivity of the distal histidine to the presence of protons, water molecules and anions, the influence of chemical changes around the heme, such as pH changes, is much more effective in hemoproteins without this amino acid as distal residue. This fact denotes the ability of HbGp to adapt to environmental disturbances caused by the presence of the distal histidine, which is responsible for the great redox and oligomeric stabilities encountered in HbGp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lima Poli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Moreira LM, Poli AL, Lyon JP, Saade J, Costa-Filho AJ, Imasato H. Ferric species of the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus as function of pH: An EPR study on the irreversibility of the heme transitions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:292-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Moreira LM, Poli AL, Costa-Filho AJ, Imasato H. Ferric species equilibrium of the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus in alkaline medium: HALS hemichrome as a precursor of pentacoordinate species. Int J Biol Macromol 2008; 42:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Moreira LM, Santiago PS, de Almeida EV, Tabak M. Interaction of giant extracellular Glossoscolex paulistus hemoglobin (HbGp) with zwitterionic surfactant N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (HPS): Effects of oligomeric dissociation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 61:153-63. [PMID: 17825537 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the interaction between the zwitterionic surfactant N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (HPS) and the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus (HbGp). Electronic optical absorption, fluorescence emission and circular dichroism spectroscopy techniques, together with Gel-filtration chromatography, were used in order to evaluate the oligomeric dissociation as well as the autoxidation of HbGp as a function of the interaction with HPS. A peculiar behavior was observed for the HPS-HbGp interaction: a complex ferric species formation equilibrium was promoted, as a consequence of the autoxidation and oligomeric dissociation processes. At pH 7.0, HPS is more effective up to 1mM while at pH 9.0 the surfactant effect is more intense above 1mM. Furthermore, the interaction of HPS with HbGp was clearly less intense than the interaction of this hemoglobin with cationic (CTAC) and anionic (SDS) surfactants. Probably, this lower interaction with HPS is due to two factors: (i) the lower electrostatic attraction between the HPS surfactant and the protein surface ionic sites when compared to the electrostatic interaction between HbGp and cationic and anionic surfactants, and (ii) the low cmc of HPS, which probably reduces the interaction of the surfactant in the monomeric form with the protein. The present work emphasizes the importance of the electrostatic contribution in the interaction between ionic surfactants and HbGp. Furthermore, in the whole HPS concentration range used in this study, no folding and autoxidation decrease induced by this surfactant were observed. This is quite different from the literature data on the interaction between surfactants and tetrameric hemoglobins, that supports the occurrence of this behavior for the intracellular hemoglobins at low surfactant concentration range. Spectroscopic data are discussed and compared with the literature in order to improve the understanding of hemoglobin-surfactant interaction as well as the acid isoelectric point (pI) influence of the giant extracellular hemoglobins on their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Moreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira MS, Moreira LM, Tabak M. Partial characterization of giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus: A MALDI-TOF-MS study. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:429-36. [PMID: 17207852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was performed to obtain information on the molecular mass of the different subunits from the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus (HbGp) in the oxy-form. Experiments were performed for the whole protein at pH 7.0, for the partially dissociated protein at pH 9.0, and for the fraction obtained from gel filtration in Sephadex G-200, at pH 9.0, corresponding to the isolated monomer d. Besides that, experiments were performed for the whole protein treated with 2-mercaptoethanol in order to monitor the effects of reduction of the disulfide bonds, which are expected to maintain the trimer (abc) in the native molecule. The results are compared to those reported for the homologous hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris (HbLt) and some tentative assignments are made for the observed polypeptides. The monomer d is found to exist in, at least, two major forms of identical proportions with masses of 16,355+/-25 and 16,428+/-24 Da, respectively. Two minor forms were also observed around 16 kDa for the monomers. Upon disulfide bonds reduction the peak associated to the trimer is absent in the mass spectrum, and new peaks assigned tentatively to the monomers a, b and c on the basis of comparison with Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin literature data are observed. Their molecular masses were 18,258+/-30, 16,492+/-24 and 17,363+/-17 Da, respectively. Two linker chains for HbGp were also observed at 25,817+/-50 and 26,761+/-16 Da, and this result is different from HbLt, where four linker chains were reported in the range 24-32 kDa. Finally, trimers (abc) were observed at 51-52 kDa. This partial characterization, performed for the first time, is an important step in the characterization of subunits of this giant extracellular hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Silva Oliveira
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, C.P. 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Strand K, Knapp JE, Bhyravbhatla B, Royer WE. Crystal Structure of the Hemoglobin Dodecamer from Lumbricus Erythrocruorin: Allosteric Core of Giant Annelid Respiratory Complexes. J Mol Biol 2004; 344:119-34. [PMID: 15504406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2004] [Revised: 08/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocruorins are highly cooperative giant extracellular respiratory complexes found in annelids, where they serve the same function as red blood cells. Our previous 5.5A resolution crystal structure of Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin revealed a hierarchical organization of 144 oxygen-binding hemoglobin chains that are assembled into 12 dodecamers arranged at the periphery of the complex around a central scaffold formed by 36 non-hemoglobin subunits. We present here the 2.6A resolution crystal structure of the Lumbricus hemoglobin dodecameric subassembly, which provides the first atomic models of the erythrocruorin allosteric core. The hemoglobin dodecamer has a molecular 3-fold axis of symmetry that relates three heterotetramers, each of which is composed of two tightly associated heterodimers. The structure reveals details of the interfaces, including key side-chain interactions likely to contribute to ligand-linked allosteric transitions, and shows the crowded nature of the ligand-binding pockets. Comparison of the Lumbricus dimeric assemblies with similar ones from mollusks and echinoderms suggests plausible pH-dependent quaternary transitions that may occur in response to proton binding and ligand release. Thus, these results provide the first step towards elucidating the structural basis for the strong allosteric properties of Lumbricus erythrocruorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Strand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 921, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Dorman SC, Harrington JP, Martin MS, Johnson TV. Determination of the formal reduction potential of Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin using thin layer spectroelectrochemistry. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:185-8. [PMID: 14659648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The formal reduction potential (Eo') of Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin was determined using thin layer spectroelectrochemistry as 0.073 (+/-0.005) V vs Ag/AgCl (0.281 V vs SHE, standard hydrogen electrode). Nernst plots of Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin with tris-bipyridinecobalt(II) as a mediator titrant have similar linear slopes as Nernst plots of horse heart myoglobin with hexaamineruthenium(II) as a mediator titrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Dorman
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham Southern College, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA.
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Madura JD, Salter EA, Wierzbicki A, Dalal P, Harrington JP. Homology models for the tetrameric and dodecameric complexes of Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all the kingdoms of living organisms. Its distribution is episodic among the nonvertebrate groups in contrast to vertebrates. Nonvertebrate Hbs range from single-chain globins found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and plants to large, multisubunit, multidomain Hbs found in nematodes, molluscs and crustaceans, and the giant annelid and vestimentiferan Hbs comprised of globin and nonglobin subunits. Chimeric hemoglobins have been found recently in bacteria and fungi. Hb occurs intracellularly in specific tissues and in circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and freely dissolved in various body fluids. In addition to transporting and storing O(2) and facilitating its diffusion, several novel Hb functions have emerged, including control of nitric oxide (NO) levels in microorganisms, use of NO to control the level of O(2) in nematodes, binding and transport of sulfide in endosymbiont-harboring species and protection against sulfide, scavenging of O(2 )in symbiotic leguminous plants, O(2 )sensing in bacteria and archaebacteria, and dehaloperoxidase activity useful in detoxification of chlorinated materials. This review focuses on the extensive variation in the functional properties of nonvertebrate Hbs, their O(2 )binding affinities, their homotropic interactions (cooperativity), and the sensitivities of these parameters to temperature and heterotropic effectors such as protons and cations. Whenever possible, it attempts to relate the ligand binding properties to the known molecular structures. The divergent and convergent evolutionary trends evident in the structures and functions of nonvertebrate Hbs appear to be adaptive in extending the inhabitable environment available to Hb-containing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Weber
- Danish Centre for Respiratory Adaptation, Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Lamy JN, Green BN, Toulmond A, Wall JS, Weber RE, Vinogradov SN. Giant Hexagonal Bilayer Hemoglobins. Chem Rev 1996; 96:3113-3124. [PMID: 11848854 DOI: 10.1021/cr9600058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean N. Lamy
- Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, CNRS URA 1334, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France, Micromass UK Limited, 3 Tudor Road, Altrincham, Cheshire WA14 5RZ, UK, Equipe d'Ecophysiologie, Station Biologique, UPMC-CNRS-INSU, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff, France, Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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Krebs A, Zipper P, Vinogradov SN. Lack of size and shape alteration of oxygenated and deoxygenated Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1297:115-8. [PMID: 8917610 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(96)00141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The giant extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris was investigated in the oxygenated, deoxygenated and reoxygenated state using small angle X-ray scattering. Scattering experiments of the oxygenated state of the protein yielded a radius of gyration of 10.71 +/- 0.02 nm, a maximum diameter of 29.37 +/- 0.21 nm and a volume of 6200 +/- 200 nm3. The values for the deoxygenated state of the hemoglobin are smaller than the values for the oxygenated state, but the differences hardly exceed the limits of error.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krebs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
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Krebs A, Kuchumov AR, Sharma PK, Braswell EH, Zipper P, Weber RE, Chottard G, Vinogradov SN. Molecular shape, dissociation, and oxygen binding of the dodecamer subunit of Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:18695-704. [PMID: 8702524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.31.18695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small angle x-ray scattering of the 213-kDa dodecamer of Lumbricus terrestris Hb yielded radius of gyration = 3.74 +/- 0.01 nm, maximum diameter = 10.59 +/- 0.01 nm, and volume = 255 +/- 10 nm3, with no difference between the oxy and deoxy states. Sedimentation velocity studies indicate the dodecamer to have a spherical shape and concentration- and Ca2+-dependent equilibria with its constituent subunits, the disulfide-bonded trimer of chains a-c and chain d. Equilibrium sedimentation data were fitted best with a trimer-dodecamer model, ln K4 = 7 (association K in liters3/g3) at 1 degrees C and 4 at 25 degrees C, providing DeltaH = -20 kcal/mol and DeltaS = 4.4 eu/mol. Oxydodecamer dissociation at pH 8.0, in urea, GdmCl, heteropolytungstate K8[SiW11O39] and of metdodecamer at pH 7, was followed by gel filtration. Elution profiles were fitted with exponentially modified gaussians to represent the three peaks. Two exponentials were necessary to fit all the dissociations except in [SiW11O39]-8. Equilibrium oxygen binding measurements at pH 6.5-8. 5, provided P50 = 8.5, 11.5-11.9 and 11.9-13.5 torr, and n50 = 5.2-9. 5, 3.2-4.9, and 1.8-2.7 for blood, Hb, and dodecamer, respectively, at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C. P50 was decreased 3- and 2-fold in approximately 100 mM Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively, with concomitant but smaller increases in cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krebs
- Institüt fur Physilakische Chemie der Universität Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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