1
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The role of cyclophilins in viral infec and the immune response. J Infect 2022; 85:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Hanhart P, Thieß M, Amari K, Bajdzienko K, Giavalisco P, Heinlein M, Kehr J. Bioinformatic and expression analysis of the Brassica napus L. cyclophilins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1514. [PMID: 28473712 PMCID: PMC5431436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (CYPs) are a group of ubiquitous proteins characterized by their ability to bind to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. The CYP family occurs in a wide range of organisms and contains a conserved peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase domain. In addition to fulfilling a basic role in protein folding, CYPs may also play diverse important roles, e.g. in protein degradation, mRNA processing, development, and stress responses. We performed a genome-wide database survey and identified a total of 94 CYP genes encoding 91 distinct proteins. Sequence alignment analysis of the putative BnCYP cyclophilin-like domains revealed highly conserved motifs. By using RNA-Seq, we could verify the presence of 77 BnCYP genes under control conditions. To identify phloem-specific BnCYP proteins in a complementary approach, we used LC-MS/MS to determine protein abundances in leaf and phloem extracts. We detected 26 BnCYPs in total with 12 being unique to phloem sap. Our analysis provides the basis for future studies concentrating on the functional characterization of individual members of this gene family in a plant of dual importance: as a crop and a model system for polyploidization and long-distance signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Hanhart
- Molecular Plant Genetics, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Thieß
- Molecular Plant Genetics, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khalid Amari
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Krzysztof Bajdzienko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julia Kehr
- Molecular Plant Genetics, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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ATF3 attenuates cyclosporin A-induced nephrotoxicity by downregulating CHOP in HK-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Pemberton TJ, Kay JE. Identification and comparative analysis of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase repertoires of H. sapiens, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, S. cerevisiae and Sz. pombe. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 6:277-300. [PMID: 18629211 PMCID: PMC2447506 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Revised: 05/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) class of proteins comprises three
member families that are found throughout nature and are present in all the major
compartments of the cell. Their numbers appear to be linked to the number of genes in
their respective genomes, although we have found the human repertoire to be smaller
than expected due to a reduced cyclophilin repertoire. We show here that whilst the
members of the cyclophilin family (which are predominantly found in the nucleus
and cytoplasm) and the parvulin family (which are predominantly nuclear) are
largely conserved between different repertoires, the FKBPs (which are predominantly
found in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum) are not. It therefore appears
that the cyclophilins and parvulins have evolved to perform conserved functions,
while the FKBPs have evolved to fill ever-changing niches within the constantly
evolving organisms. Many orthologous subgroups within the different PPIase families
appear to have evolved from a distinct common ancestor, whereas others, such as the
mitochondrial cyclophilins, appear to have evolved independently of one another. We
have also identified a novel parvulin within Drosophila melanogaster that is unique to
the fruit fly, indicating a recent evolutionary emergence. Interestingly, the fission yeast
repertoire, which contains no unique cyclophilins and parvulins, shares no PPIases
solely with the budding yeast but it does share a majority with the higher eukaryotes
in this study, unlike the budding yeast. It therefore appears that, in comparison with
Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a poor representation of the
higher eukaryotes for the study of PPIases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Pemberton
- The Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton ,East Sussex BN1 9PX, United Kingdom.
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5
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Moriishi K, Matsuura Y. Evaluation systems for anti-HCV drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:1213-21. [PMID: 17720275 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of therapeutics for chronic hepatitis C has been hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture system and a small animal model for the hepatitis C virus (HCV). An RNA replicon system, in which the HCV genome replicates autonomously in cells, and replication competent viruses derived from an HCV genotype 2a JFH1 strain efficiently propagating in Huh7 cells have been developed, and these systems have contributed to the evaluation of anti-HCV drugs targeted to viral and host proteins involved in the replication of HCV. Several compounds counteracting the viral enzymes, such as RNA polymerase and proteases, and host proteins involved in the lipid synthesis and protein folding are reported to have anti-HCV activities based on assessments using these in vitro systems. Furthermore, a mouse model transplanted with human liver fragments was shown to be capable of replicating HCV and has been used to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs in vivo. In this review, we summarize information regarding systems for studying the HCV life cycle and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention for chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Hanoulle X, Melchior A, Sibille N, Parent B, Denys A, Wieruszeski JM, Horvath D, Allain F, Lippens G, Landrieu I. Structural and functional characterization of the interaction between cyclophilin B and a heparin-derived oligosaccharide. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34148-58. [PMID: 17855358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706353200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotaxis and integrin-mediated adhesion of T lymphocytes triggered by secreted cyclophilin B (CypB) depend on interactions with both cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and the extracellular domain of the CD147 membrane receptor. Here, we use NMR spectroscopy to characterize the interaction of CypB with heparin-derived oligosaccharides. Chemical shift perturbation experiments allowed the precise definition of the heparan sulfate (HS) binding site of CypB. The N-terminal extremity of CypB, which contains a consensus sequence for heparin-binding proteins was modeled on the basis of our experimental NMR data. Because the HS binding site extends toward the CypB catalytic pocket, we measured its peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity in the absence or presence of a HS oligosaccharide toward a CD147-derived peptide. We report the first direct evidence that CypB is enzymatically active on CD147, as it is able to accelerate the cis/trans isomerization of the Asp(179)-Pro(180) bond in a CD147-derived peptide. However, HS binding has no significant influence on this PPIase activity. We thus conclude that the glycanic moiety of HSPG serves as anchor for CypB at the cell surface, and that the signal could be transduced by CypB via its PPIase activity toward CD147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Hanoulle
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR 8576 CNRS, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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7
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Wittrup A, Sandgren S, Lilja J, Bratt C, Gustavsson N, Mörgelin M, Belting M. Identification of proteins released by mammalian cells that mediate DNA internalization through proteoglycan-dependent macropinocytosis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27897-904. [PMID: 17623661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701611200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked DNA plasmid represents the simplest vehicle for gene therapy and DNA-based vaccination purposes; however, the molecular mechanisms of DNA uptake in mammalian cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that naked DNA uptake occurs via proteoglycan-dependent macropinocytosis, thus challenging the concept of a specific DNA-internalizing receptor. Cells genetically deficient in proteoglycans, which constitute a major source of cell-surface polyanions, exhibited substantially decreased uptake of likewise polyanionic DNA. The apparent paradox was explained by the action of DNA-transporting proteins present in conditioned medium. Complexes between these proteins and DNA require proteoglycans for cellular entry. Mass spectrometry analysis of cell medium components identified several proteins previously shown to associate with DNA and to participate in membrane transport of macromolecular cargo. The major pathway for proteoglycan-dependent DNA uptake was macropinocytosis, whereas caveolae-dependent and clathrin-dependent pathways were not involved, as determined by using caveolin-1 knock-out cells, dominant-negative constructs for dynamin and Eps15, and macropinocytosis-disruptive drugs, as well as confocal fluorescence co-localization studies. Importantly, a significant fraction of internalized DNA was translocated to the nucleus for expression. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanism of DNA uptake by mammalian cells and extend the emerging role of proteoglycans in macromolecular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Wittrup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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8
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major causative agent of blood-borne hepatitis. The majority of HCV-infected individuals develop chronic hepatitis, which eventually progresses to liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the precise mechanisms of entry, replication, assembly, egress and pathogenesis of HCV are largely unknown, information about viral receptor candidates has accumulated by the development of pseudotype viruses and an in vitro replication system of the HCV JFH1 strain. Furthermore, the autonomous RNA replication system based on the artificial viral genome revealed that HCV replicates in the intracellular replication complex composed of viral and host proteins. Recently, an immunosuppress ant, cyclosporin A and inhibitors for sphingolipid synthesis and chaperon were reported to inhibit the replication of HCV by counteracting the interplay between host and viral proteins. This review considers the current knowledge of the host proteins that participate in HCV replication and the possibility of developing novel therapeutics intervention for chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Pemberton TJ, Kay JE. The cyclophilin repertoire of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2005; 22:927-45. [PMID: 16134115 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclophilin repertoire of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is comprised of nine members that are distributed over all three of its chromosomes and range from small single-domain to large multi-domain proteins. Each cyclophilin possesses only a single prolyl-isomerase domain, and these vary in their degree of consensus, including at positions that are likely to affect their drug-binding ability and catalytic activity. The additional identified motifs are involved in putative protein or RNA interactions, while a novel domain that is specific to SpCyp7 and its orthologues may have functions that include an interaction with hnRNPs. The Sz. pombe cyclophilins are found throughout the cell but appear to be absent from the mitochondria, which is unique among the characterized eukaryotic repertoires. SpCyp5, SpCyp6 and SpCyp8 have exhibited significant upregulation of their expression during the meiotic cycle and SpCyp5 has exhibited significant upregulation of its expression during heat stress. All nine have identified members in the repertoires of H. sapiens, D. melanogaster and A. thaliana. However, only three identified members in the cyclophilin repertoire of S. cerevisiae with SpCyp7 identifying a fourth protein that is not a member of the recognized repertoire due to its possession of a degenerate prolyl-isomerase domain. The cyclophilin repertoire of Sz. pombe therefore represents a better model group for the study of cyclophilin function in the higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Pemberton
- The Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9PX, UK.
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Lane-Guermonprez L, Morot-Gaudry-Talarmain Y, Meunier FM, O'Regan S, Onofri F, Le Caer JP, Benfenati F. Synapsin associates with cyclophilin B in an ATP- and cyclosporin A-dependent manner. J Neurochem 2005; 93:1401-11. [PMID: 15935056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunophilins are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for proline isomerisation during protein synthesis and for the chaperoning of several membrane proteins. These activities can be blocked by the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin. It has been shown that all three immunosuppressants have neurotrophic activity and can modulate neurotransmitter release, but the molecular basis of these effects is currently unknown. Here, we show that synapsin I, a synaptic vesicle-associated protein, can be purified from Torpedo cholinergic synaptosomes through its affinity to cyclophilin B, an immunophilin that is particularly abundant in brain. The interaction is direct and conserved in mammals, and shows a dissociation constant of about 0.5 microM in vitro. The binding between the two proteins can be disrupted by cyclosporin A and inhibited by physiological concentrations of ATP. Furthermore, cyclophilin B co-localizes with synapsin I in rat synaptic vesicle fractions and its levels in synaptic vesicle-containing fractions are decreased in synapsin knockout mice. These results suggest that immunophilins are involved in the complex protein networks operating at the presynaptic level and implicate the interaction between cyclophilin B and synapsins in presynaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Lane-Guermonprez
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 9040, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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11
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Vanpouille C, Denys A, Carpentier M, Pakula R, Mazurier J, Allain F. Octasaccharide is the minimal length unit required for efficient binding of cyclophilin B to heparin and cell surface heparan sulphate. Biochem J 2005; 382:733-40. [PMID: 15109301 PMCID: PMC1133832 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 04/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CyPB) is a heparin-binding protein first identified as a receptor for cyclosporin A. In previous studies, we reported that CyPB triggers chemotaxis and integrin-mediated adhesion of T-lymphocytes by way of interaction with two types of binding sites. The first site corresponds to a signalling receptor; the second site has been identified as heparan sulphate (HS) and appears crucial to induce cell adhesion. Characterization of the HS-binding unit is critical to understand the requirement of HS in pro-adhesive activity of CyPB. By using a strategy based on gel mobility shift assays with fluorophore-labelled oligosaccharides, we demonstrated that the minimal heparin unit required for efficient binding of CyPB is an octasaccharide. The mutants CyPB(KKK-) [where KKK- refers to the substitutions K3A(Lys3-->Ala)/K4A/K5A] and CyPB(DeltaYFD) (where Tyr14-Phe-Asp16 has been deleted) failed to interact with octasaccharides, confirming that the Y14FD16 and K3KK5 clusters are required for CyPB binding. Molecular modelling revealed that both clusters are spatially arranged so that they may act synergistically to form a binding site for the octasaccharide. We then demonstrated that heparin-derived octasaccharides and higher degree of polymerization oligosaccharides inhibited the interaction between CyPB and fluorophore-labelled HS chains purified from T-lymphocytes, and strongly reduced the HS-dependent pro-adhesive activity of CyPB. However, oligosaccharides or heparin were unable to restore adhesion of heparinase-treated T-lymphocytes, indicating that HS has to be present on the cell membrane to support the pro-adhesive activity of CyPB. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the octasaccharide is likely to be the minimal length unit required for efficient binding of CyPB to cell surface HS and consequent HS-dependent cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vanpouille
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du CNRS, Institut de Recherche Fédératif No. 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Denys
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du CNRS, Institut de Recherche Fédératif No. 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Carpentier
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du CNRS, Institut de Recherche Fédératif No. 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Rachel Pakula
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du CNRS, Institut de Recherche Fédératif No. 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Joël Mazurier
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du CNRS, Institut de Recherche Fédératif No. 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du CNRS, Institut de Recherche Fédératif No. 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Allain F, Vanpouille C, Denys A, Pakula R, Carpentier M, Mazurier J. Involvement of GAGs in the activity of pro-inflammatory factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 535:95-106. [PMID: 14714891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0065-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Allain
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR no 8576 du CNRS, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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13
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De Ceuninck F, Allain F, Caliez A, Spik G, Vanhoutte PM. High binding capacity of cyclophilin B to chondrocyte heparan sulfate proteoglycans and its release from the cell surface by matrix metalloproteinases: possible role as a proinflammatory mediator in arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2003; 48:2197-206. [PMID: 12905473 DOI: 10.1002/art.11099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study cyclophilin B, a protein newly identified as a secretion product of cultured chondrocytes, in the context of chondrocyte pathobiology. METHODS Cyclophilin B was purified by sequential chromatographic processing of the secretion medium of cultured guinea pig chondrocytes. Its presence both at the surface of chondrocyte monolayers and in cartilage was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Binding sites at the surface of chondrocytes were characterized by Scatchard plot analysis using (125)I-labeled cyclophilin B, and by glycosidase treatments. The release of cyclophilin B from chondrocytes by activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was studied by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cyclophilin B was present at the surface of cultured chondrocytes and within cartilage, both in cells and in the extracellular matrix, with a particularly intense staining in the superficial layer. It was secreted constitutively by chondrocytes and cartilage explants. Its secretion was enhanced after treatment with its pharmacologic binding partner, cyclosporin A (CSA). Experiments with (125)I-labeled cyclophilin B demonstrated the presence of high-capacity, low-affinity, NaCl-sensitive binding sites at the surface of chondrocytes. Cell-bound cyclophilin B could be released by heparinase treatment, demonstrating binding to pericellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Chondroitinase or keratanase treatments had no effect. MMPs 1, 2, 3, 9, and 13 released intact cyclophilin B from the cell surface, probably by cleavage of HSPGs. This effect was reversed by the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, marimastat. CONCLUSION Cyclophilin B is a secreted CSA-binding protein involved in inflammatory events. It can induce chemotaxis in human neutrophils and T lymphocytes. The finding that cyclophilin B is an intrinsic component of cartilage and that it can be released by MMPs suggests that it has a role in the pathogenesis of arthritic diseases, even more so since its signaling receptor is present within the inflamed joint both on T cells and in the rheumatoid synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric De Ceuninck
- Division de Rheumatologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 11 rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France.
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Manzoni C, Duranti M, Eberini I, Scharnag H, März W, Castiglioni S, Lovati MR. Subcellular localization of soybean 7S globulin in HepG2 cells and LDL receptor up-regulation by its alpha' constituent subunit. J Nutr 2003; 133:2149-55. [PMID: 12840170 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.7.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this work were to monitor the subcellular localization of soybean 7S globulin in HepG2 cells and determine its interaction with cell protein components, by using laser-induced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE). Furthermore, we evaluated in the same cell line the involvement of the alpha' constituent subunit from 7S globulin in the modulation of LDL catabolism. The results indicated a main fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged 7S globulin (FITC-7S) component in the cytosolic fraction, that was not present in the nuclear compartment. The electrophoretic mobility of this tagged component suggested either a dissociation of the 7S oligomer or its partial intracellular degradation. Interactions of soybean 7S globulin with FITC-thioredoxin 1 and FITC-cyclophilin B, HepG2 cell membrane proteins, were demonstrated in in vitro assays. In a separate experiment with HepG2 cells, the ability of the alpha' subunit purified from soybean 7S globulin to modulate the activity of the LDL receptors was evaluated by tracking the uptake and degradation of labeled LDL. The up-regulation of LDL receptors by the alpha' subunit, as further confirmed by a LDL receptor promoter assay, was significantly greater than that found in the control cells. In conclusion, this study, while confirming our previous indirect evidence of the key role of alpha' subunit on the cell cholesterol homeostasis, reveals a potentially interesting association of soybean 7S globulin with proteins, such as thioredoxin 1 and cyclophilin B, that are involved in cell protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Manzoni
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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15
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Carpentier M, Allain F, Slomianny MC, Durieux S, Vanpouille C, Haendler B, Spik G. Receptor type I and type II binding regions and the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase site of cyclophilin B are required for enhancement of T-lymphocyte adhesion to fibronectin. Biochemistry 2002; 41:5222-9. [PMID: 11955071 DOI: 10.1021/bi015951j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CyPB), a cyclosporin A (CsA) binding protein, interacts with two types of binding sites at the surface of T-lymphocytes. The type I sites correspond to functional receptors involved in endocytosis and the type II sites to sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Mutational analysis of CyPB has revealed that W128, which is part of the CsA-binding pocket, is implicated in the binding to the functional type I receptors and that two amino acid clusters located in the N-terminus ensure the binding to GAGs. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity of CyPB is not required for receptor binding. We have recently demonstrated that CyPB enhances adhesion of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes to fibronectin, a component of the extracellular matrix. We intended to identify additional amino acids involved in the binding of CyPB to its functional type I receptor and to determine regions responsible for the stimulation of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte adhesion. We determined that residues R76, G77, K132, D155, and D158 of the calcineurin (CN) interacting region were implicated in the recognition of type I receptor but not of GAGs. We also found that two different changes in the N-terminal extension that abated binding to GAGs prevented adhesion of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes to coated CyPB, whereas abbrogation of the PPIase activity had no effect. On the other hand, the adhesion of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes to coated fibronectin was not stimulated by CyPB mutants devoid of either type I receptor or GAGs binding activity or by mutants of the PPIase site. Altogether, the results demonstrate that different regions of CyPB are involved in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte activation and imply a novel important physiological function for peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/blood
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Binding Sites/immunology
- Binding, Competitive/genetics
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cyclosporine/metabolism
- Endocytosis/physiology
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Fibronectins/physiology
- Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/metabolism
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/physiology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptors, Peptide/blood
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Carpentier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Allain F, Vanpouille C, Carpentier M, Slomianny MC, Durieux S, Spik G. Interaction with glycosaminoglycans is required for cyclophilin B to trigger integrin-mediated adhesion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes to extracellular matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:2714-9. [PMID: 11867726 PMCID: PMC122413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.052284899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins A and B (CyPA and CyPB) are cyclosporin A-binding proteins that are involved in inflammatory events. We have reported that CyPB interacts with two types of cell-surface-binding sites. The first site corresponds to a functional receptor and requires interaction with the central core of CyPB. This region is highly conserved in cyclophilins, suggesting that CyPA and CyPB might share biological activities mediated by interaction with this receptor. The second site is identified with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the binding region located in the N terminus of CyPB. The difference in the N-terminal extensions of CyPA and CyPB suggests that a unique interaction with GAGs might account for selective activity of CyPB. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the lymphocyte responses triggered by CyPA, CyPB, and CyPB(KKK-), a mutant unable to interact with GAGs. The three ligands seemed capable enough to elicit calcium signal and chemotaxis by binding to the same signaling receptor. In contrast, only CyPB enhanced firm adhesion of T cells to the extracellular matrix. This activity depended on the interactions with GAGs and signaling receptor. CyPB-mediated adhesion required CD147 presumably because it was a costimulatory molecule and was related to an activation of alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins. Finally, we showed that CyPB was capable mainly to enhance T cell adhesion of the CD4+CD45RO+ subset. The present data indicate that CyPB rather than CyPA is a proinflammatory factor for T lymphocytes and highlight the crucial role of CyPB-GAG interaction in the chemokine-like activity of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Allain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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17
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Abstract
We have recently reported that cyclophilin B (CyPB), a secreted cyclosporine-binding protein, could bind to T lymphocytes through interactions with two types of binding sites. The first ones, referred to as type I, involve interactions with the conserved domain of CyPB and promote the endocytosis of surface-bound ligand, while the second type of binding sites, termed type II, are represented by glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Here, we further investigated the interactions of CyPB with blood cell populations. In addition to lymphocytes, CyPB was found to interact mainly with platelets. The binding is specific, with a dissociation constant (kd) of 9 ± 3 nmol/L and the number of sites estimated at 960 ± 60 per cell. Platelet glycosaminoglycans are not required for the interactions, but the binding is dramatically reduced by active cyclosporine derivatives. We then analyzed the biologic effects of CyPB and found a significant increase in platelet adhesion to collagen. Concurrently, CyPB initiates a transmembranous influx of Ca2+ and induces the phosphorylation of the P-20 light chains of myosin. Taken together, the present results demonstrate for the first time that extracellular CyPB specifically interacts with platelets through a functional receptor related to the lymphocyte type I binding sites and might act by regulating the activity of a receptor-operated membrane Ca2+ channel.
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Carpentier M, Descamps L, Allain F, Denys A, Durieux S, Fenart L, Kieda C, Cecchelli R, Spik G. Receptor-mediated transcytosis of cyclophilin B through the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem 1999; 73:260-70. [PMID: 10386979 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CyPB) is a cyclosporin A (CsA)-binding protein mainly located in intracellular vesicles and secreted in biological fluids. In previous works, we demonstrated that CyPB interacts with T lymphocytes and enhances in vitro cellular incorporation and activity of CsA. In addition to its immunosuppressive activity, CsA is able to promote regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves. However, the crossing of the drug from plasma to neural tissue is restricted by the relative impermeability of the blood-brain barrier. To know whether CyPB might also participate in the delivery of CsA into the brain, we have analyzed the interactions of CyPB with brain capillary endothelial cells. First, we demonstrated that CyPB binds to two types of binding sites present at the surface of capillary endothelial cells from various species of tissues. The first type of binding sites (K(D) = 300 nM; number of sites = 3 x 10(6)) is related to interactions with negatively charged compounds such as proteoglycans. The second type of binding sites, approximately 50,000 per cell, exhibits a higher affinity for CyPB (K(D) = 15 nM) and is involved in an endocytosis process, indicating it might correspond to a functional receptor. Finally, the use of an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier allowed us to demonstrate that CyPB is transcytosed by a receptor-mediated pathway (flux = 16.5 fmol/cm2/h). In these conditions, CyPB did not significantly modify the passage of CsA, indicating that it is unlikely to provide a pathway for CsA brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carpentier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 111 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Carpentier M, Allain F, Haendler B, Denys A, Mariller C, Benaïssa M, Spik G. Two distinct regions of cyclophilin B are involved in the recognition of a functional receptor and of glycosaminoglycans on T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:10990-8. [PMID: 10196180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.16.10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin B is a cyclosporin A-binding protein exhibiting peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity. We have previously shown that it interacts with two types of binding sites on T lymphocytes. The type I sites correspond to specific functional receptors and the type II sites to sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The interactions of cyclophilin B with type I and type II sites are reduced in the presence of cyclosporin A and of a synthetic peptide mimicking the N-terminal part of cyclophilin B, respectively, suggesting that the protein possesses two distinct binding regions. In this study, we intended to characterize the areas of cyclophilin B involved in the interactions with binding sites present on Jurkat cells. The use of cyclophilin B mutants modified in the N-terminal region demonstrated that the 3Lys-Lys-Lys5 and 14Tyr-Phe-Asp16 clusters are probably solely required for the interactions with the type II sites. We further engineered mutants of the conserved central core of cyclophilin B, which bears the catalytic and the cyclosporin A binding sites as an approach to localize the binding regions for the type I sites. The enzymatic activity of cyclophilin B was dramatically reduced after substitution of the Arg62 and Phe67 residues, whereas the cyclosporin A binding activity was destroyed by mutation of the Trp128 residue and strongly decreased after modification of the Phe67 residue. Only the substitution of the Trp128 residue reduced the binding of the resulting cyclophilin B mutant to type I binding sites. The catalytic site of cyclophilin B therefore did not seem to be essential for cellular binding and the cyclosporin A binding site appeared to be partially involved in the binding to type I sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carpentier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 111 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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20
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Denys A, Allain F, Masy E, Dessaint JP, Spik G. Enhancing the effect of secreted cyclophilin B on immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine. Transplantation 1998; 65:1076-84. [PMID: 9583869 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199804270-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophilin B (CyPB) is a cyclosporine (CsA)-binding protein, located within intracellular vesicles and secreted in biological fluids. In previous works, we reported that CyPB specifically interacts with the T-cell membrane and potentiates the ability of CsA to inhibit CD3-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes. METHODS CyPB levels were measured in plasma from healthy donors and transplant patients. The role of extracellular CyPB on the distribution and activity of CsA was investigated first by studies on the uptake of free and CyPB-complexed drug by blood cells, and second by studies on the inhibitory effects of these two compounds on the CD3-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS A significant increase in plasma CyPB level was observed for CsA-treated patients (13+/-6.4 nM, n=42) in comparison with untreated donors (4.3+/-2.1 nM, n=34). In vitro, extracellular CyPB dose dependently modified CsA distribution between plasma, erythrocyte, and lymphocyte contents, by both retaining the complexed drug extracellularly and promoting its specific accumulation within peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, the enhanced ability of CyPB-complexed CsA to suppress CD3-induced T-cell proliferation was preserved in the presence of other blood cells, implying specific targeting of the drug to sensitive cells. Furthermore, although a large interindividual variability of sensitivity to the drug was confirmed for 18 individuals, we found that CyPB potentiated the activity of CsA in restoring a high sensitivity to the immunosuppressant. CONCLUSION These results suggest that plasma CyPB may contribute to the acceptance and the good maintenance of organ transplantation by enhancing the immunosuppressive activity of CsA through a receptor-mediated incorporation of CyPB-complexed CsA within peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Denys
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche no 111 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France
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21
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Sherry B, Zybarth G, Alfano M, Dubrovsky L, Mitchell R, Rich D, Ulrich P, Bucala R, Cerami A, Bukrinsky M. Role of cyclophilin A in the uptake of HIV-1 by macrophages and T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:1758-63. [PMID: 9465090 PMCID: PMC19180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are a family of proteins that bind cyclosporin A (CsA) and possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. In addition, they are secreted by activated cells and act in a cytokine-like manner, presumably via signaling through a cell surface cyclophilin receptor. More recently, host-derived cyclophilin A (CyPA) has been shown to be incorporated into HIV-1 virions and its incorporation essential for viral infectivity. Here we present evidence supporting a role for viral-associated CyPA in the early events of HIV-1 infection. We report that HIV-1 infection of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be inhibited by: (i) an excess of exogenously added CyPA; (ii) a CsA analogue unable to enter the cells; (iii) neutralizing antibodies to CyPA. Taken together with our observations that recombinant CyPA-induced mobilization of calcium in immortalized, as well as primary, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and that incubation of T cells with iodinated CyPA, followed by chemical cross-linking, resulted in the formation of a high molecular mass complex on the cell surface, these results suggest that HIV-1-associated CyPA mediates an early event in viral infection via interaction with a cellular receptor. This interaction may present a target for anti-HIV therapies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sherry
- The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Billich A, Winkler G, Aschauer H, Rot A, Peichl P. Presence of cyclophilin A in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med 1997; 185:975-80. [PMID: 9120404 PMCID: PMC2196160 DOI: 10.1084/jem.185.5.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/1996] [Revised: 10/30/1996] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins have been suggested to act as leukocyte chemotactic factors produced in the course of inflammation. Therefore we looked for the presence of cyclophilins in the synovial fluids (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity (PPIase) was measured in SF from knee punctures of 26 patients with RA and five patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). PPIase was detected in SF from RA patients, but not in samples from OA patients. Enzyme activity was sensitive to inhibition by cyclosporin A (IC50 = 28-50 nM). Estimated concentrations of the SF-derived cyclophilin based on the enzyme activity were in the range of 11 to 705 nM. The presence of cyclophilin in the SF showed disease correlation; its concentration correlated with the number of cells in the SF (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001) and with the percentage of neutrophils in the cellular infiltrate and was higher in more acute cases of joint swelling. In immunoblots of partially purified preparations of SF from RA patients, an approximately 18-kD protein band reacted with polyclonal antibodies that recognize cyclophilin A and B, but not with antibodies specific for cyclophilin B. Sequencing of this protein revealed identity of the NH2-terminal amino acids with those of human cyclophilin A. The finding is unexpected since cyclophilin B rather than A is generally regarded as the secreted isoform, the presence of cyclophilin A being confined to the cytoplasm. Our data support the hypothesis that cyclophilins may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, possibly by acting as cytokines. This may offer a possible explanation of the effectiveness of cyclosporin A in RA, in addition to the known immunosuppressive effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Billich
- Sandoz Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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Mariller C, Allain F, Kouach M, Spik G. Evidence that human milk isolated cyclophilin B corresponds to a truncated form. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1293:31-8. [PMID: 8652625 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(95)00230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CyPB) is a member of the cyclophilin family (cyclosporin A-binding proteins) with specific N- and C-terminal extensions. In contrast to cyclophilin A, CyPB owns a signal sequence leading to its translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum. CyPB was reported to be present in human blood and milk, suggesting it is secreted. For this purpose, CyPB was purified to homogeneity from human milk and compared to recombinant CyPB expressed in E. coli. Ion spray mass spectrometry revealed that CyPB secreted in human milk exhibits a lower molecular mass than the one expected. Identification of phenylalanine as the C-terminus amino-acid residue of human milk CyPB indicates that the difference in molecular mass may be explained by the absence of the five C-terminal amino-acid residues AIAKE. These results suggest that in the sequence VEKPFAIAKE known to be responsible for retention of CyPB in the endoplasmic reticulum, the sequence AIAKE is more particularly necessary. Our findings raise the possibility that the CyPB may be processed to promote its release. As recombinant CyPB was shown to bind specifically to Jurkat cells, a lymphoblastic T-cell line, we then wanted to investigate the binding of human milk CyPB to these cells. Despite lacking the five C-terminal amino-acid residues, human milk CyPB is able to inhibit the binding of recombinant CyPB to Jurkat T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mariller
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche du CNRS no.111, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France
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Galat A, Metcalfe SM. Peptidylproline cis/trans isomerases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 63:67-118. [PMID: 7538221 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(94)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Galat
- Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, D.S.V., C.E.A., C.E. Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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