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Zhou L, Huang J, Jiang Y, Kong J, Xie X, Yin F. pH Regulates the Formation and Hatching of Cryptocaryon irritans Tomonts, Which Affects Cryptocaryoniasis Occurrence in Larimichthys crocea Aquaculture. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0005822. [PMID: 35254098 PMCID: PMC9004364 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00058-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans are the main pathogens of white spot disease in marine teleost. However, the occurrence of cryptocaryoniasis is influenced by several abiotic factors including the pH. To explore the effect of pH on the life cycle of C. irritans (encystment, cleavage, and hatchability), protomonts and tomonts of C. irritans were incubated in seawater of 10 different pH levels (2-11). pH 8 was used as the control. The change in morphology and infectivity of theronts that hatched from tomonts against Larimichthys crocea were then recorded. We found that pH 6-9 had no significant effect on the encystment, cleavage, and hatching of the parasites. However, pH beyond this limit decreased the cleavage and hatching of the tomonts. Furthermore, extreme pH decreased the number of theronts hatched by each tomont and the pathogenicity of the theronts, but increased the aspect ratio of the theronts. Infectivity experiments further revealed that extreme pH significantly decreased the infectivity of C. irritans against L. crocea. In conclusion, the C. irritans can survive in pH of 5 to 10, but pH 6-9 is the optimal range for the reproduction and infectivity of C. irritans. However, extreme pH negatively affects these aspects. IMPORTANCECryptocaryon irritans is a ciliate parasite that causes "white spot disease" in marine teleosts. The disease outbreak is influenced by hosts and a range of abiotic factors, such as temperature, salinity, and pH. Studies have shown that change in pH of seawater affects the structure (diversity and abundance of marine organisms) of marine ecosystem. However, how pH affects the life cycle and survival of C. irritans, and how future ocean acidification will affect the occurrence of cryptocaryoniasis, are not well understood. In this study, we explored the effect of pH on the formation and hatching of C. irritans tomonts. The findings of this study provide the foundation of the environmental adaptation of C. irritans, the occurrence of cryptocaryoniasis, and better management of marine fish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Jiashuang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yunyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Jindong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Skupień A, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Sikora J. Biocompatibility Studies of Gadolinium Complexes with Iminodiacetic Acid Derivatives. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:426-436. [PMID: 30215189 PMCID: PMC6469645 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apart from using as radiopharmaceuticals, iminodiacetic acid derivatives, after complexation with gadolinium, have been also tested as MRI CAs (magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents) since they show high affinity to hepatocytes and therefore provide high-resolution MRI of the liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of four gadolinium complexes with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) derivatives differing in substituent in aromatic ring by estimating their influence on plasma hemostasis, integrity of erythrocyte membrane, and toxicity towards human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The influence of gadolinium-based CAs on plasma hemostasis was evaluated by measuring PT (prothrombin time), APTT (activated partial tromboplastin time), and TT (thrombin time). The effects of tested compounds on RBCs (Red Blood Cells) were assessed using hemolysis assay and microscopy studies. The influence of gadolinium complexes on the barrier properties of HUVECs was assessed by means of real-time method based on the measurements of the impedance changes of the cells. Gadolinium complexes did not affect significantly PT and TT. APTT measurements revealed significant prolongation in the presence of all tested gadolinium complexes at the concentration higher than 0.5 μmol/mL. Hemolysis assay showed that compounds with alkyl substituents in benzene ring without halogen atom (1-3) do not exert unfavorable effect on the integrity of erythrocyte membrane over the entire concentration range. All gadolinium complexes at 1.0 μmol/mL contribute to the decrease in HUVEC viability and integrity. To conclude, the study describes biocompatibility studies of gadolinium-based CAs, provides additional insight into their potential toxicity associated with systemic administration, and underscores the necessity for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Skupień
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Revin VV, Gromova NV, Revina ES, Grunyushkin IP, Tychkov AY, Samonova AY, Kukina AN, Moskovkin AA, Bourdon JC, Zhelev N. The effect of experimental hyperoxia on erythrocytes’ oxygen-transport function. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1414633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vasilevich Revin
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Natalia Vasilevna Gromova
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Elvira Sergeevna Revina
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Igor Pavlovich Grunyushkin
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexander Yurievich Tychkov
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yurievna Samonova
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Nikolaevna Kukina
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich Moskovkin
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai Zhelev
- CMCBR, School of Science, Engineering & Technology, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
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Red blood cell-derived microparticles: An overview. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 59:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Agglutination of like-charged red blood cells induced by binding of β2-glycoprotein I to outer cell surface. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 73:110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to draw the attention of general readers to the importance of cellular exocytic vesiculation as a normal mechanism of development and subsequent adjustment to changing conditions, focusing on red cell (RBC) vesiculation. Recent studies have emphasized the possible role of these microparticles as diagnostic and investigative tools. RBCs lose membrane, both in vivo and during ex vivo storage, by the blebbing of microvesicles from the tips of echinocytic spicules. Microvesicles shed by RBCs in vivo are rapidly removed by the reticuloendothelial system. During storage, this loss of membrane contributes to the storage lesion and the accumulation of the microvesicles are believed to be thrombogenic and thus to be clinically important.
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Yin Y, Chen Y, Ni D, Shi H, Fan Q. Shape equations and curvature bifurcations induced by inhomogeneous rigidities in cell membranes. J Biomech 2005; 38:1433-40. [PMID: 15922754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2003] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article aims at two objectives: one is the shape equation for the equilibrium configurations of biomembranes with heterogeneous rigidities; another is the possible mechanism for curvature bifurcations in various biomembranes such as human red blood cells (RBC). The shape equation is established by treating the inhomogeneous biomembrane as a lipid bilayer vesicle containing inclusions or impurities. After careful investigation of the equation, the rigidity gradient is found to be an initial "driving force" that may destabilize the biomembrane and stimulate shape transitions, and the concept (or mechanism) termed "curvature bifurcations induced by rigidity gradients" is suggested. Various post-bifurcation modes recording the new equilibrium configurations are disclosed. A few post-bifurcation modes are found to coincide well with some practical shape transitions in cells such as the cup-like shape (stomatocyte) transition and spiculated shape (echinocyte) transition in RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Yin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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Jimenez JJ, Jy W, Mauro LM, Horstman LL, Bidot CJ, Ahn YS. Endothelial Microparticles (EMP) as Vascular Disease Markers. Adv Clin Chem 2005; 39:131-57. [PMID: 16013670 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(04)39005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin J Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Wallace H. Coulter Platelet Laboratory, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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Yao C, Huang Y, Li X, Ruan P. Effects of pH on structure and function of single living erythrocyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03184176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hägerstrand H, Iglic A, Bobrowska-Hägerstrand M, Lindqvist C, Isomaa B, Eber S. Amphiphile-induced vesiculation in aged hereditary spherocytosis erythrocytes indicates normal membrane stability properties under non-starving conditions. Mol Membr Biol 2001; 18:221-7. [PMID: 11681789 DOI: 10.1080/09687680110064473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aged HS erythrocytes with a defined primary defect in band 3 protein or ankyrin were incubated with amphiphiles (detergents) at sublytic concentrations (37 C, 60 min) or glucose-starved (37 C, 24 h). In line with previous studies, the release of AChE (exovesicles) from HS erythrocytes during glucose-starvation was significantly higher (11%) compared to that from control erythrocytes (1%). Control and HS cells responded, however, similarly to amphiphile-treatment (non-starving conditions). Amphiphiles induced similar types of shape alterations and a similar amount of AChE release (14-15%). Furthermore, the size and shape of amphiphile-induced exo- and endovesicles released from control and HS erythrocytes were similar. The results suggest that the stability properties of the membrane are not seriously disturbed in aged HS erythrocytes under non-starving conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hägerstrand
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Abo-Turku, Finland.
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Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A, Bobrowska-Hägerstrand M, Hägerstrand H. Tethers connecting daughter vesicles and parent red blood cell may be formed due to ordering of anisotropic membrane constituents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(00)00721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Iglic A, Kralj-Iglic V, Bozic B, Bobrowska-Hägerstrand M, Isomaa B, Hägerstrand H. Torocyte shapes of red blood cell daughter vesicles. Bioelectrochemistry 2000; 52:203-11. [PMID: 11129244 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(00)00103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The shape of the newly described torocyte red blood cell endovesicles induced by octaethyleneglycol dodecylether (C12E8) is characterized. A possible explanation for the origin and stability of the observed torocyte endovesicles is suggested. Three partly complementary mechanisms are outlined, all originating from the interaction of C12E8 molecules with the membrane. The first is a preferential intercalation of the C12E8 molecule into the inner membrane layer, resulting in a membrane invagination which may finally close, forming an inside-out endovesicle. The second is a preference of the C12E8-induced membrane inclusions (clusters) for small local curvature which would favour torocyte endovesicle shape with large regions of small or even negative membrane mean curvatures, the C12E8 membrane inclusion being defined as a complex composed of the embedded C12E8 molecule and some adjacent phospholipid molecules which are significantly distorted due to the presence of the embedded C12E8 molecule. The preference of the C12E8 inclusions for zero or negative local curvature may also lead to the nonhomogeneous lateral distribution of the C12E8 inclusions resulting in their accumulation in the membrane of torocyte endovesicles. The third possible mechanism is orientational ordering of the C12E8-induced inclusions in the regions of torocyte endovesicles with high local membrane curvature deviator.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iglic
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Hägerstrand H, Danieluk M, Bobrowska-Hägerstrand M, Iglic A, Wróbel A, Isomaa B, Nikinmaa M. Influence of band 3 protein absence and skeletal structures on amphiphile- and Ca(2+)-induced shape alterations in erythrocytes: a study with lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and human erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1466:125-38. [PMID: 10825437 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphiles which induce either spiculated (echinocytic) or invaginated (stomatocytic) shapes in human erythrocytes, and ionophore A23187 plus Ca(2+), were studied for their capacity to induce shape alterations, vesiculation and hemolysis in the morphologically and structurally different lamprey and trout erythrocytes. Both qualitative and quantitative differences were found. Amphiphiles induced no gross morphological changes in the non-axisymmetric stomatocyte-like lamprey erythrocyte or in the flat ellipsoidal trout erythrocyte, besides a rounding up at higher amphiphile concentrations. No shapes with large broad spicula were seen. Nevertheless, some of the 'echinocytogenic' amphiphiles induced plasma membrane protrusions in lamprey and trout erythrocytes, from where exovesicles were shed. In trout erythrocytes, occurrence of corrugations at the cell rim preceded protrusion formation. Other 'echinocytogenic' amphiphiles induced invaginations in lamprey erythrocytes. The 'stomatocytogenic' amphiphiles induced invaginations in both lamprey and trout erythrocytes. Surprisingly, in trout erythrocytes, some protrusions also occurred. Some of the amphiphiles hemolyzed lamprey, trout and human erythrocytes at a significantly different concentration/membrane area. Ionophore A23187 plus Ca(2+) induced membrane protrusions and sphering in human and trout erythrocytes; however, the lamprey erythrocyte remained unperturbed. The shape alterations in lamprey erythrocytes, we suggest, are characterized by weak membrane skeleton-lipid bilayer interactions, due to band 3 protein and ankyrin deficiency. In trout erythrocyte, the marginal band of microtubules appears to strongly influence cell shape. Furthermore, the presence of intermediate filaments and nuclei, additionally affecting the cell membrane shear elasticity, apparently influences cell shape changes in lamprey and trout erythrocytes. The different types of shape alterations induced by certain amphiphiles in the cell types indicates that their plasma membrane phospholipid composition differs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hägerstrand
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Abo/Turku, Finland.
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14
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Kralj-Iglic V, Iglic A, Hägerstrand H, Peterlin P. Stable tubular microexovesicles of the erythrocyte membrane induced by dimeric amphiphiles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:4230-4. [PMID: 11088219 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is experimentally observed that adding a dimeric cationic amphiphile to the erythrocyte suspension results in a release of stable tubular microexovesicles from the erythrocyte membrane. Theoretical description starts from the single-inclusion energy, which takes into account anisotropic shape of the dimeric amphiphile. It is shown explicitly that the tubular shape of the microexovesicle is the extremal to the functional yielding the maximum of the average curvature deviator. It is derived for which intrinsic shapes of the membrane inclusions created by the intercalated amphiphiles the maximum of the average curvature deviator coincides with the minimum of the membrane free energy-thereby determining the stable tubular shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kralj-Iglic
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Lipiceva 2, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Iglic A, Kralj-Iglic V, Majhenc J. Cylindrical shapes of closed lipid bilayer structures correspond to an extreme area difference between the two monolayers of the bilayer. J Biomech 1999; 32:1343-7. [PMID: 10569713 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The shapes of extreme area difference between the outer and the inner layer (deltaA) of the closed lipid bilayer structures at fixed membrane area (A) and fixed volume (V) are determined by stating and analytically solving a variational problem for axisymmetric shapes. It is shown that the spheres with at most two different radii and the cylinder are the solutions of this variational problem. The cylinder ended by a hemisphere on each end is the shape combined from these solutions and is therefore, itself the shape of the extreme deltaA at fixed V and A. The related cylindrical shapes of stearoyl-oleoyl-phosphocholine vesicles are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iglic
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Hägerstrand H, Danieluk M, Bobrowska-Hägerstrand M, Pector V, Ruysschaert J, Kralj-Iglic V, Iglic A. Liposomes composed of a double-chain cationic amphiphile (vectamidine) induce their own encapsulation into human erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1421:125-30. [PMID: 10561477 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vectamidine is a liposome-forming double-chain cationic amphiphile. The present work was aimed to microscopically study the interactions of Vectamidine liposomes with the human erythrocyte plasma membrane. Vectamidine rapidly induced stomatocytic shapes. Attachment of Vectamidine liposomes to the erythrocyte induced a strong local invagination of the membrane. This frequently resulted in a complete encapsulation of the liposome. Liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (neutral) or phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine (anionic) did not perturb the erythrocyte shape. Our results indicate that besides an attraction of Vectamidine liposomes to the plasma membrane, there is a preference of Vectamidine for the inner bilayer leaflet. We suggest that cationic amphiphiles may transfer from membrane-attached liposomes to the plasma membrane and then translocate to the inner bilayer leaflet where they induce a strong local inward bending of the plasma membrane resulting in an encapsulation of the liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hägerstrand
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Biocity, FIN-20520, Abo-Turku, Finland.
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17
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Iglic A, Hägerstrand H. Amphiphile-induced spherical microexovesicle corresponds to an extreme local area difference between two monolayers of the membrane bilayer. Med Biol Eng Comput 1999; 37:125-9. [PMID: 10396854 DOI: 10.1007/bf02513278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that an increase of the area difference between the outer and the inner membrane lipid layers of the skeleton-free membrane segment as a result of exogenously added amphiphilic molecules results in budding of the segment. The process reaches its final point when the segment attains the shape of the local maximal area difference, corresponding to formation of a spherical microexovesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iglic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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