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Grabarczyk M, Wardak C. Effect of Temperature on the Removal of Interferences in the Voltammetric Procedure for the Determination of Cr(VI). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3050. [PMID: 38998132 PMCID: PMC11242377 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of temperature on the removal efficiency of surfactant-induced interferences. Surfactants were removed as a result of mixing with XAD-7 resin. The study was carried out using the example of Cr(VI) determination by adsorption stripping voltammetry (AdSV). Measurements were carried out using a solution containing Cr(VI), acetate buffer (pH = 6.2), DTPA, KNO3, and different surfactants. Ten mL of the solution was mixed with 0.5 g of XAD-7 resin at different temperatures for 5 min prior to voltammetric measurement. The effect of the mixing temperature of the sample with the resin on the voltammetric Cr(VI) signal in the presence of different surfactants was studied in the range from 20 to 60 °C. The proposed method of removing interference from surfactants by mixing the sample with the XAD-7 resin at 60 °C was used for the determination of trace amounts of Cr(VI) in river water containing non-ionic, anionic, cationic surfactants, and biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Grabarczyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
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de Jong J, Bos JE, Wezenberg SJ. Stimulus-Controlled Anion Binding and Transport by Synthetic Receptors. Chem Rev 2023; 123:8530-8574. [PMID: 37342028 PMCID: PMC10347431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Anionic species are omnipresent and involved in many important biological processes. A large number of artificial anion receptors has therefore been developed. Some of these are capable of mediating transmembrane transport. However, where transport proteins can respond to stimuli in their surroundings, creation of synthetic receptors with stimuli-responsive functions poses a major challenge. Herein, we give a full overview of the stimulus-controlled anion receptors that have been developed thus far, including their application in membrane transport. In addition to their potential operation as membrane carriers, the use of anion recognition motifs in forming responsive membrane-spanning channels is discussed. With this review article, we intend to increase interest in transmembrane transport among scientists working on host-guest complexes and dynamic functional systems in order to stimulate further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chitosan magnetic hydrogel based ligandless magnetic solid phase extraction for the accurate and sensitive determination of thallium by slotted-quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with matrix matching calibration strategy. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The Effect of Hydrogen Bonding in Enhancing the Ionic Affinities of Immobilized Monoprotic Phosphate Ligands. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080968. [PMID: 28820489 PMCID: PMC5578334 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental remediation requires ion-selective polymers that operate under a wide range of solution conditions. In one example, removal of trivalent and divalent metal ions from waste streams resulting from mining operations before they enter the environment requires treatment at acidic pH. The monoethyl ester phosphate ligands developed in this report operate from acidic solutions. They have been prepared on polystyrene-bound ethylene glycol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol, and it is found that intra-ligand hydrogen bonding affects their metal ion affinities. The affinity for a set of trivalent (Fe(III), Al(III), La(III), and Lu(III)) and divalent (Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) ions is greater than that of corresponding neutral diethyl esters and phosphonic acid. In an earlier study, hydrogen bonding was found important in determining the metal ion affinities of immobilized phosphorylated polyol diethyl ester coordinating ligands; their Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) band shifts indicated that the basicity of the phosphoryl oxygen increased by hydrogen bonding to auxiliary –OH groups on the neighboring polyol. The same mechanism is operative with the monoprotic resins along with hydrogen bonding to the P–OH acid site. This is reflected in the FTIR spectra: the neutral phosphate diethyl ester resins have the P=O band at 1265 cm−1 while the monoethyl ester resins have the band shifted to 1230 cm−1; hydrogen bonding is further indicated by the broadness of this region down to 900 cm−1. The monoprotic pentaerythritol has the highest metal ion affinities of the polymers studied.
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Application of simple ultrasonic assisted extraction coupled with HPLC and GC/MS for the determination of surface active compounds in atmospheric particulate matter. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abdel Ghani SB, Hanafi AH. QuEChERS method combined with GC‒MS for pesticide residues determination in water. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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SOLER-SEGUÍ S, BELENGUER-SAPIÑA CAS, AMORÓS P, MAURI-AUCEJO A. Evaluation of a Cyclodextrin-silica Hybrid Microporous Composite for the Solid-phase Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:659-65. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé SOLER-SEGUÍ
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València
| | | | - Pedro AMORÓS
- Institut de Ciència dels Materials, Universitat de València
| | - Adela MAURI-AUCEJO
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València
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Simultaneous determination of polar and apolar compounds in environmental samples by a polyaniline/hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite-coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kaur A. Applications of organo-silica nanocomposites for SPNE of Hg(II). APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wan Ibrahim WA, Abd Ali LI, Sulaiman A, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY. Application of Solid-Phase Extraction for Trace Elements in Environmental and Biological Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 44:233-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.855607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liu FK. Solid Phase Extraction of Neutral Analytes through Silica Gel Coated with Layers of Au Nanoparticles Self-Assembled with Alkanethiols. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Evaluation and optimization of solid adsorbents for the sampling of gaseous methylated mercury species. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 786:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Amino modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for the determination of phenols in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1300:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Optimisation of stir bar sorptive extraction and in-tube derivatisation–thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of several endocrine disruptor compounds in environmental water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:339-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu FK. Analysis and applications of nanoparticles in the separation sciences: A case of gold nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:9034-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kaur A, Gupta U. Application of 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol Anchored SiO2Nanoparticles for the Preconcentration of Trace Pb2+from Different Water and Food Samples. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pérez-Quintanilla D, Sánchez A, del Hierro I, Fajardo M, Sierra I. Solid phase extraction of Pb(II) in water samples using a new hybrid inorganic-organic mesoporous silica prior to its determination by FAAS. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Simultaneous preconcentration of a wide variety of organic pollutants in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1214:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Preconcentration and separation of neutral steroid analytes using a combination of sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography and a Au nanoparticle-coated solid phase extraction sorbent. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1215:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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MS techniques for analyzing phenols, their metabolites and transformation products of environmental interest. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chemically Modified Submicron Silica Particulate Extractants for Preconcentration of Mercury(II). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.10.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Niu H, Shi Y, Cai Y, Wei F, Jiang G. Solid-phase extraction of sulfonylurea herbicides from water samples with single-walled carbon nanotubes disk. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Coupled in-tube and on-fibre solid-phase microextractions for cleanup and preconcentration of organic micropollutants from aqueous samples and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 618:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fast multiresidue screening of 300 pesticides in water for human consumption by LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:183-97. [PMID: 18311565 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study tested the determination of 300 pesticides in mineral water at levels of 0.1 and 1.0 microg/L. Measurements were conducted by direct sample injection into a liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer without any sample enrichment and/or cleanup. Two separate injections enabled the recording of two transitions per analyte (600 selected reaction monitoring transitions in total). For 285 analytes the sensitivity of direct sample injection (100 microL) was sufficient to quantify residues at 0.1 microg/L. All remaining pesticides were detected at 1.0 microg/L. Calibration functions were linear for more than 80% of analytes. Signal suppression or enhancement compared with signals in high-performance liquid chromatography water was equal to or smaller than 20% for 240 analytes. Even the largest matrix-induced suppression did not result in the disappearance of peaks. Combining the results of seven mineral waters, the relative standard deviation of "recovery" was 20% or less for 87% of the substances. A second transition for confirmatory purposes was often available. Consequently, the proposed direct injection of samples without any sample enrichment and/or cleanup is suitable for screening of many pesticides in mineral and drinking water.
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Lanças FM, Olivares IRB, Alves PM. Development, validation and application of a method to analyze phenols in water samples by solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2007; 42:491-8. [PMID: 17562456 DOI: 10.1080/03601230701391468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work the development, validation and application of method using Solid Phase Microexctration (SPME) for the analyses of five pollutants (phenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloro, 3-methyl phenol) in supplying water, using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID) is described. The optimal conditions obtained for SPME were: fiber type: Poliacrylate (PA); extraction time: 40 minutes; extraction temperature: 70 degrees C; amount of salt added to sample (NaCl): 15%; desorption temperature: 8 minutes. The parameters studied in the method validation were: limit of detection (0.3 and 3.5 microg.L(- 1)); precision, measured by the variation coefficient (between 2.1 and 8.8%); calibration curve and linearity, by using the external standardization method (between 1 and 50 50 microg.L(- 1)). After the methodology development, samples of water collected in Atibaia River (São Paulo - Brazil) were analyzed, using the optimized methodology. Three water samples collected in the rain season showed a peak with retention time close to 4-chloro, 3 methyl phenol further analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the identity confirmation. In spite of the fact that none target compounds were found in the river water samples analyzed, the presence of two phenols different from those investigated (p-terc butyl phenol; butylated hydroxytoluene) were detected. These results together with the results of the limit of detection (that showed to be lower than the maximum concentration of phenols demanded by different environment control agencies), and the results of the validation, indicate the applicability of this method for the analysis of selected phenols in river water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Lanças
- São Paulo University, Institute of Chemistry at São Carlos, São Paulo University, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Saitoh T, Matsushima S, Hiraide M. Flotation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons coprecipitated with aluminum hydroxide containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and magnesium. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tran ATK, Hyne RV, Doble P. Determination of commonly used polar herbicides in agricultural drainage waters in Australia by HPLC. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:944-53. [PMID: 17184816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 10/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the application of different extraction techniques for the preconcentration of ten commonly found acidic and non-acidic polar herbicides (2,4-D, atrazine, bensulfuron-methyl, clomazone, dicamba, diuron, MCPA, metolachlor, simazine and triclopyr) in the aqueous environment. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with dichloromethane, solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB cartridges or SBD-XC Empore disks were compared for extraction efficiency of these herbicides in different matrices, especially water samples from contaminated agricultural drainage water containing high concentrations of particulate matter. Herbicides were separated and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet detector. SPE using SDB-XC Empore disks was applied to determine target herbicides in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (NSW, Australia) during a two-week survey from October 2005 to November 2005. The daily aqueous concentrations of herbicides from 24-h composite samples detected at two sites increased after run-off from a storm event and were in the range of: 0.1-17.8 microg l(-1), < 0.1-0.9 microg l(-1) and 0.2-17.8 microg l(-1) at site 1; < 0.1-3.5 microg l(-1), < 0.1-0.2 microg l(-1) and < 0.2-3.2 microg l(-1) at site 2 for simazine, atrazine and diuron, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T K Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Tran AT, Hyne RV, Pablo F, Day WR, Doble P. Optimisation of the separation of herbicides by linear gradient high performance liquid chromatography utilising artificial neural networks. Talanta 2007; 71:1268-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hernández-Borges J, García-Montelongo FJ, Cifuentes A, Rodríguez-Delgado MA. Analysis of triazolopyrimidine herbicides in soils using field-enhanced sample injection-coelectroosmotic capillary electrophoresis combined with solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1100:236-42. [PMID: 16212970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a combined methodology using off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE), on-line field-enhanced sample injection (FESI) and coelectroosmotic capillary electrophoresis with UV detection (CE-UV) is developed for the trace analysis of five triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide pesticides (i.e., flumetsulam, florasulam, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam and metosulam). An adequate background electrolyte (BGE) was obtained for the separation of these pesticides using hexadimethrine bromide (HDB) as electroosmotic flow (EOF) modifier. This BGE consisted of 0.00042% HDB, 11 mM formic acid, 16 mM ammonium carbonate and 2.5 mM alpha-CD solution at pH 7.6. The use of this running buffer together with the FESI preconcentration method provided limits of detection (LODs) in the low microg/L range (i.e., between 13.0 and 31.5 microg/L). The optimized FESI-CE-UV method was combined with off-line SPE using C(18) cartridges and applied to the determination of the selected group of pesticides in soil samples. Recovery percentages ranged between 50 and 84% in these samples with LODs between 18 and 34 microg/kg. This work shows the great possibilities of the combined use of SPE-FESI-CE-UV to improve CE sensitivity allowing the achievement of LODs similar to other analytical techniques as GC or HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Borges
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Koester
- Forensic Science Center, Technical Information Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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Optimization of a multi-elemental preconcentration procedure for the monitoring survey of dissolved metal species in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McMahon AM, Doyle EM, O’Connor KE. Detection and quantification of 4-substituted phenols: a comparison of mushroom tyrosinase and cell extracts of Pseudomonas putida F6. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhao Q, Huss SA, Autry JK, Reid KR, Conte ED. Investigation of elutions from a surfactant immobilized solid phase extraction sorbent based upon the hydrophobicity of the trapped species. Microchem J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zougagh M, Cano Pavón JM, Garcia de Torres A. Chelating sorbents based on silica gel and their application in atomic spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1103-13. [PMID: 15703917 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-3022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review covers chelating sorbents anchored to silica gel and their analytical applications for the preconcentration, separation and determination of trace metal ions, focussing mainly on the last 20 years. The article summarizes also the experience gathered by our research group in the synthesis and characterization of new modified silica gels "via silanization", and their affinity toward selective extraction and separation of trace elements. The introduction of 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridyl)methylene thiocarbohydrazide silica gel (DPTH-gel) and methylthiosalicylate silica gel (TS-gel) chelating sorbents in trace and ultratrace analysis provide vital breakthroughs in preconcentration methods. These home-made materials allow certain analytes to be selectively extracted from complex matrices without matrix interference and good detection limits. The advantages of these new chelating sorbents in comparison with 8-hydroxyquinoline chelating sorbent immobilized on silica gel are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zougagh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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Chen JL, Liu CY. Optimization of preconcentration and isolation for the determination of 15 phenols by supercritical-fluid extraction and gas chromatography with metallomesogenic stationary phase. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Moreira Vaz J, Komatsu E. Fast Screening Determination of Some Ubiquitous Pesticides with SPME in Water Samples. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120035908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Paik MJ, Park JE, Koo WH, Chung GH, Kim JH, Kim KR. Modification of Soxhlet Extractor for Rapid and Effective Recovery of Phenolic Pollutants Adsorbed on XAD-4 Resin. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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De Jesús MA, Giesfeldt KS, Sepaniak MJ. Factors affecting the sorption of model environmental pollutants onto silver polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite Raman substrates. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2004; 58:1157-1164. [PMID: 15527515 DOI: 10.1366/0003702042336064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The presence of aromatic compounds in water is an important topic in environmental sciences. Silver-polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites (Ag-PDMS) have recently been demonstrated as promising substrates for the detection of model environmental pollutants via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This work discusses how different variables such as pH and matrix composition can affect the sorption and SERS activity of these chemicals. The results show that the conjugate base of weak acids can interact more efficiently with the substrate, leading to an increased signal at higher pH, while amino-aromatic compounds interact more efficiently at a lower pH. The sorption of these chemicals is an essential step in the process and has been attributed to the absorption of the analyte into the PDMS followed by its adsorption to the metallic surface. In addition, the presence of moderate concentrations (1 x 10(-4) M) of a supporting electrolyte such as nitrate or fluoride can improve the sorption of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to the Ag-PDMS nanoparticles. Other ions such as phosphate and chloride cause rapid oxidation of the substrates even at concentrations as low as 1 x 10(-5) M. The effect of these variables in the analysis of real samples is presented. The potential use of liquid chromatography for isolating the model pollutants from detrimental matrix components in nat- ural waters is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A De Jesús
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Chemistry, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
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Hernández-Borges J, Frías-García S, Cifuentes A, Rodríguez-Delgado MA. Pesticide analysis by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:947-63. [PMID: 15352712 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a critical and updated revision of the current situation of the analysis of pesticides by Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is presented. The review has been written in two main sections. The first one presents a thorough revision of the various offline and on-line sample preconcentration procedures that have been used in conjunction with CE to analyze these compounds. The second part reviews the various detection strategies (i.e., UV, LIF, MS, and electrochemical) and CE modes that have been applied to the analysis of pesticides. Future trends that can be expected from this hot research area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hernández-Borges
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
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Regnault C, Kano I, Darbouret D, Mabic S. Ultrapure water for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry studies. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1030:289-95. [PMID: 15043281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in trace enrichment techniques combined with the sensitivity of mass spectrometry offer enhanced opportunities to analyze ever lower concentrations of drugs, metabolites, pesticides or environmental pollutants. To perform HPLC and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses under optimum conditions, the water used for mobile phase preparation needs to be highly purified and delivered on demand. Indeed, both UV photodiode array detection and MS detection methods are sensitive to organic contaminants (total organic carbon, TOC), and the water quality has a direct impact on the achievable detection limits. The benefits of UV photooxidation on TOC reduction for LC-MS studies were highlighted using electrospray ionization MS detection by comparing HPLC-grade bottled water, freshly produced UV185/254-treated water, and freshly produced non-UV-treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Regnault
- Research and Development, Lab Water Division, B.P. 307, Millipore, F-78094 St. Quentin-Yvelines, France
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Giokas D, Eksperiandova L, Blank A, Karayannis M. Comparison and evaluation of cloud point extraction and low-temperature directed crystallization as preconcentration tools for the determination of trace elements in environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Prasada Rao T, Daniel S, Mary Gladis J. Tailored materials for preconcentration or separation of metals by ion-imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction (IIP-SPE). Trends Analyt Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(04)00106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pohl P, Prusisz B. Preconcentration of Mercury Using Duolite GT-73 in the Analysis of Water Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:1367-70. [PMID: 15478351 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Duolite GT-73 resin was used for the preconcentration of Hg(II) from hydrochloric acid media as well as separation of the analyte from diversity of the co-existing metal ions (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in off-line column operation. Due to the high affinity of the resin to the transition metals, Hg was adsorbed alongside with the foreign metals investigated. A complete release of the concomitant metals from the resin without the desorption of Hg was carried out using solutions of HCl and HNO3. A quantitative recovery of Hg was obtained by digestion of the resin using a H2SO4 and H2O2 mixture in an open-vessel system. An enrichment factor of 40 was achieved. The devised procedure was applied for the determination of Hg(II) in tap-water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pohl
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Guy RA, Payment P, Krull UJ, Horgen PA. Real-time PCR for quantification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in environmental water samples and sewage. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:5178-85. [PMID: 12957899 PMCID: PMC194944 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.9.5178-5185.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2003] [Accepted: 06/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan pathogens Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum are major causes of waterborne enteric disease throughout the world. Improved detection methods that are very sensitive and rapid are urgently needed. This is especially the case for analysis of environmental water samples in which the densities of Giardia and Cryptosporidium are very low. Primers and TaqMan probes based on the beta-giardin gene of G. lamblia and the COWP gene of C. parvum were developed and used to detect DNA concentrations over a range of 7 orders of magnitude. It was possible to detect DNA to the equivalent of a single cyst of G. lamblia and one oocyst of C. parvum. A multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for simultaneous detection of G. lamblia and C. parvum resulted in comparable levels of detection. Comparison of DNA extraction methodologies to maximize DNA yield from cysts and oocysts determined that a combination of freeze-thaw, sonication, and purification using the DNeasy kit (Qiagen) provided a highly efficient method. Sampling of four environmental water bodies revealed variation in qPCR inhibitors in 2-liter concentrates. A methodology for dealing with qPCR inhibitors that involved the use of Chelex 100 and PVP 360 was developed. It was possible to detect and quantify G. lamblia in sewage using qPCR when applying the procedure for extraction of DNA from 1-liter sewage samples. Numbers obtained from the qPCR assay were comparable to those obtained with immunofluorescence microscopy. The qPCR analysis revealed both assemblage A and assemblage B genotypes of G. lamblia in the sewage. No Cryptosporidium was detected in these samples by either method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Guy
- University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6.
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Reid KR, Kennedy LJ, Crick EW, Conte ED. Solid-phase extraction sorbent consisting of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants immobilized onto strong cation-exchange polystyrene resin. J Chromatogr A 2002; 975:135-43. [PMID: 12458754 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Presented is a solid-phase extraction sorbent material composed of cationic alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants attached to a strong cation-exchange resin via ion-exchange. The original hydrophilic cation-exchange resin is made hydrophobic by covering the surface with alkyl chains from the hydrophobic portion of the surfactant. The sorbent material now has a better ability to extract hydrophobic molecules from aqueous samples. The entire stationary phase (alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant) is removed along with the analyte during the elution step. The elution step requires a mild elution solvent consisting of 0.25 M Mg2+ in a 50% 2-propanol solution. The main advantage of using a removable stationary phase is that traditionally utilized toxic elution solvents such as methylene chloride, which are necessary to efficiently release strongly hydrophobic species from SPE stationary phases, may now be avoided. Also, the final extract is directly compatible with reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The performance of this procedure is presented using pyrene as a test molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
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Analysis of acidic photosystem II—Interacting herbicides in lake and river water by capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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