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Yang Y, Wang Y, Bao Z, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Ren Q. Progress in the Enantioseparation of β-Blockers by Chromatographic Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020468. [PMID: 33477385 PMCID: PMC7830546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β-adrenergic antagonists (β-blockers) with at least one chiral center are an exceedingly important class of drugs used mostly to treat cardiovascular diseases. At least 70 β-blockers have been investigated in history. However, only a few β-blockers, e.g., timolol, are clinically marketed as an optically pure enantiomer. Therefore, the separation of racemates of β-blockers is essential both in the laboratory and industry. Many approaches have been explored to obtain the single enantiomeric β-blocker, including high performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and simulated moving bed chromatography. In this article, a review is presented on different chromatographic methods applied for the enantioseparation of β-blockers, covering high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yehui Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
| | - Zongbi Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
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Alkasasbeh E, Maher WA, Adly FG, Foster S, Krikowa F. The use of zirconium stationary phase to determine the four major arsenoriboses concentrations in marine organisms by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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Echevarría RN, Keunchkarian S, Villarroel-Rocha J, Sapag K, Reta M. Organic monolithic capillary columns coated with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) for enantioseparations by capillary HPLC. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Padró JM, Keunchkarian S. State-of-the-art and recent developments of immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for enantioseparations by high-performance liquid chromatography (2013–2017). Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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5
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Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography Based on Chitin- and Chitosan-Derived Marine Polysaccharides. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9090190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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6
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Park JM, Park JH. Enantiomer separations of basic chiral compounds by capillary electrochromatography on a phosphated β-cyclodextrin-modified zirconia monolith. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1339:229-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Visweswara Rao K, Padmaja Reddy K, Haldar P. A Validated Chiral LC Method for Enantiomeric Separation of Nebivolol Stereoisomers in Bulk Drugs and Dosage Forms on Amylose-Based Stationary Phase. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:1051-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Hong JS, Park JH. Chiral Separation of Basic Compounds on Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin-Coated Zirconia Monolith by Capillary Electrochromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.6.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Grisales JO, Arancibia JA, Castells CB, Olivieri AC. Determination of enantiomeric composition of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical formulations by partial least-squares regression of strongly overlapped chromatographic profiles. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 910:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Lee JM, Jang MD, Park JH. Chiral Separation on Sulfonated Cellulose Tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-coated Zirconia Monolith by Capillary Electrochromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.8.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Enantioseparation of chiral acids and bases on a clindamycin phosphate-modified zirconia monolith by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1251:244-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Zhou J, Yao H, Shao H, Li Y, Zhang Z. ENANTIOSEPARATION OF β-AGONISTS WITH CARBOXYMETHYL-β-CYCLODEXTRIN BY CE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.593387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- a School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
- b Research Center of Nanotechnology for Drug, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
- c Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Hanchun Yao
- a School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Hong Shao
- a School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
- b Research Center of Nanotechnology for Drug, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
- c Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
- b Research Center of Nanotechnology for Drug, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
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Kumar AP, Park JH. Chiral separation of basic compounds on a cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate-coated zirconia monolithin basic eluents by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6548-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Kumar AP, Park JH. Fast separations of chiral β-blockers on a cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-coated zirconia monolithic column by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5369-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Zhan F, Yu G, Yao B, Guo X, Liang T, Yu M, Zeng Q, Weng W. Solvent effect in the chromatographic enantioseparation of 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol on a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4278-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Weng W, Zhan F, Fu J, Li T, Chen X, Huang X. Enantioseparation of Binaphthol and Its Derivatives on Cellulose Tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate). Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Zizkovský V, Kucera R, Klimes J. Potential employment of non-silica-based stationary phases in pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:1048-55. [PMID: 17537610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The absolute majority of the HPLC applications use silica-based columns for the separation of active substance and its impurities. However, stationary phases based on metal oxides appear as an interesting alternative. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential utilization of metal oxide-based stationary phases in analytical evaluation of ondansetron and its five pharmacopoeial impurities. In our study commercially available ZrO(2)-based columns (e.g. Zr-PBD, Zr-PS, Zr-C18) and TiO(2)-based column were used. The effect of an organic modifier (type and ratio), a buffer (type, pH and concentration) and the influence of temperature was investigated. The separation of ondansetron and its five pharmacopoeial impurities was successfully accomplished on a Zirchrom-PBD column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-ammonium phosphate (25 mM, pH 7.0) (18:82, v/v). Detection was performed at 216 nm and the analysis was completed within 7.5 min. The paper proves metal oxide-based stationary phases as an alternative to classical silica-based stationary phases in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Zizkovský
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Li T, Yu QW, Lin B, Feng YQ. Synthesis and chromatographic properties of a chiral stationary phase derived from bovine serum albumin immobilized on magnesia-zirconia using phosphonate spacers. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:804-12. [PMID: 17536724 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel bovine serum albumin (BSA)-modified magnesia-zirconia stationary phase was prepared using the sodium salt of cis-(3-methyloxiranyl)phosphonic acid (fosfomycin) as spacer and glutaraldehyde as coupler. Baseline separation of six derivatized amino acids (DNB-Leu, Dansyl-Val, etc.) was achieved on this column using ammonium acetate buffer-isopropanol mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The effects of mobile phase composition, eluent pH value, column temperature, and flow rate on the retention and separation of chiral compounds were also investigated. The BSA chiral stationary phase (BSA-CSP) was relatively stable under experimental conditions. The coupling reaction in this method was mild, reliable, and reproducible; thus it was also suitable for the immobilization of various biopolymers with amino groups in the preparation of chromatography stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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20
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Chen J, Shen B, Zhang X, Xu X. Enantioseparation of Benazepril Intermediates by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography on Chiral CDMPC Column. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600952630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Cacciola F, Jandera P, Blahová E, Mondello L. Development of different comprehensive two dimensional systems for the separation of phenolic antioxidants. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2500-13. [PMID: 17154131 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three different comprehensive 2-D HPLC systems for the separation of phenolic antioxidants have been developed on the basis of different selectivities of a PEG-silica column in the first dimension and a packed or monolithic C18 or a ZR-CARBON column, respectively, in the second dimension. Two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography using a serially connected short PEG-silica column and a conventional C18-silica or a ZR-CARBON column in the second dimension was tested to improve the resolution of the earlier eluting compounds in the first dimension. Various types of interface were used to connect the columns in the first and in the second dimension: i) two injection sampling loops of 100 microL in conventional arrangement; ii) a 10-port 2-position valve equipped with two trapping X-Terra columns instead of loops; and iii) two analytical D2 columns in parallel. The mobile phase in the first dimension has a lower elution strength than in the second dimension, allowing band compression of the solutes transferred from the first to the second dimension. This effect was enhanced using trapping columns instead of sampling loops as the interface between the two dimensions, thus allowing a decrease in the time of analysis. These systems were used for the analysis of beer samples. The relative location of the components in the 2-D retention plane varied in relation to their chemical structure in each instrumental set-up and allowed positive peak identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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22
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Zhang X, Shen B, Chen J, Xu B, Xu X. The Study of Separation and Thermodynamics of Adsorption of the Enantiomers of Ethofumasate on a Modified Cellulose. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600669341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Kucera R, Zizkovský V, Sochor J, Klimes J, Dohnal J. Utilization of zirconia stationary phase as a tool in drug control. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:1307-14. [PMID: 16138683 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia-based stationary phases represent an interesting alternative to silica-based materials. Two zirconia-based stationary phases were studied as an option for use in drug analysis. The different properties of zirconia material, distinct from RP silica-columns, were employed for the development of a novel and rapid stability monitoring HPLC method. This method enables simultaneous control of possible degradation processes of active substance (ibuprofen) as well as antimicrobial excipients (methyl-and propylparaben). The separation of ibuprofen, its two main degradation products 2-(4-isobutyrylphenyl)propionic acid and 4-isobutylacetophenone, parabens, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as their degradation product was successfully accomplished on a Zr-CarbonC18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 4.8)-propan-2-ol (27:56:17, v/v/v). Detection was performed at 258 nm and the analysis was completed within 17 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Kucera
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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24
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Shen B, Xu X, Zhang X, Chen J. Enantioseparation and Chiral Recognition Mechanism of Two Novel Organic Phosphonate Derivatives on Chiral Stationary Phases. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Xiong X, Zhang L, Wang Y. Polymer fractionation using chromatographic column packed with novel regenerated cellulose beads modified with silane. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1063:71-7. [PMID: 15700458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Novel microporous beads with the particle size of about 90 microm were prepared, for the first time, from cellulose and konjac glucomannan (RC/KGM3) in 1.5 M NaOH/0.65 M thiourea aqueous solution by emulsification method. The microporous beads were then modified with silane to avoid the adsorption of polymers containing hydroxyl groups, coded as RC/KGM3-Si. A preparative size-exclusion chromatographic (SEC) column (500 mm x 20 mm) was packed with RC/KGM3-Si, and its exclusion limit and fractionation range of the stationary phase were, respectively, weight-average molecular masses (Mw) of 4.8 x 10(5) g/mol and 5.3 x 10(3)-4.8 x 10(5) g/mol for polystyrene in tetrahydrofuran. The preparative SEC column was used to fractionate poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL, Mw = 8.31 x 10(4) g/mol polydispersity index d= 1.55) in tetrahydrofuran and a polysaccharide PC3-2 (Mw = 1.21 x 10(5) g/mol, d= 1.70) in 0.05 M NaOH aqueous solution, respectively. The Mw values of the fractions determined by analytical SEC combined with laser light scattering were from 1.2 x 10(4) to 1.84 x 10(5) for PCL and from 8.5 x 10(4) to 2.13 x 10(5) for PC3-2, as well as d from 1.2 to 1.5. The results indicated that the preparative SEC has good fractionation efficiency in both organic solvent and alkaline aqueous solution for the various polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Dun H, Zhang W, Wei Y, Xiuqing S, Li Y, Chen L. Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Multilayer Zirconia Nanoparticles on Silica Spheres for HPLC Packings. Anal Chem 2004; 76:5016-23. [PMID: 15373436 DOI: 10.1021/ac030389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel zirconia-based HPLC packing material, ZrO2/SiO2, which consists of micrometer-sized silica spheres as core and nanometer-sized zirconia particles as surface coating, was prepared by a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The material exhibits favorable characteristics for HPLC applications, including high surface area and pore volume, good pore structure, narrow particle size, and pore size distribution. Not only the support ZrO2/SiO2 but also the stationary-phase C18 bonded ZrO2/SiO2 exhibits excellent chemical stability. In addition, good permeability was observed for both of them. High specific area surface and good permeability of ZrO2/SiO2 permit a high loading amount of chiral polymer on it and greatly improved the enantioselectivity and resolution for some chiral separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Dun
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Weng W, Wang QH, Yao BX, Zeng QL. Enantioseparation of amino acid derivatives on an immobilized network polymer derived from l-tartaric acid. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1042:81-7. [PMID: 15296391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven structurally related amino acid derivatives were successfully enantioseparated by HPLC with a commercially available column containing a chiral immobilized network polymer derived from L-tartaric acid. The experiments were carried out under normal-phase conditions. All the solutes could be baseline separated using n-hexane/2-propanol (95/5) as eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml/min at 25 degrees C, with reasonable retention time (<12 min). The effects of the polar alcohol modifier (type and content) in the mobile phase and the column temperature on the enantioseparation were studied. Apparent thermodynamic parameters were also calculated from the plots of ln alpha or ln k' versus 1/T. Some mechanistic aspects of chiral recognition were discussed with respect to the structures of the solutes. It was found that the enantioseparations are all enthalpy driven, and the N-acyl groups of the solutes have significant influence on the chiral recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhangzhou Teachers College, Zhangzhou 363000, China.
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28
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Zhang X, Ouyang J, Baeyens WRG, Zhai S, Yang Y, Huang G. Enantiomeric separation of beta-blockers by HPLC using (R)-1-naphthylglycine and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as chiral stationary phase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:1047-57. [PMID: 12667921 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct liquid chromatographic separations of the enantiomers of metoprolol and bisoprolol have been developed, using (R)-1-naphthylglycine and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as chiral stationary phase (CSP). The separations were achieved in a normal phase system employing a mobile phase containing n-hexane, 1,2-dichloroethane and methanol. Column efficiency was strongly dependent on the composition of the mobile phase. The eluent contents of methanol and of 1,2-dichloroethane were optimized, and so was flow-rate and column temperature. Under the optimal conditions, linear responses for (R)-metoprolol and (S)-metoprolol are obtained in the range of 0.079-1.38 and 0.015-5.80 mg/ml, with detection limits of 0.008 and 0.002 mg/ml, respectively. As for bisoprolol, the linear ranges of (R)-isomer and (S)-isomer are 0.05-1.31 and 0.02-1.00 mg/ml with detection limits of 0.001 and 0.008 mg/ml, respectively. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of each enantiomer did not exceed 0.90%. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of enantiomers in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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29
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Comparison of Chiral Separation on Amylose and Cellulose Tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-Coated Zirconia in HPLC. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Bojarski J. Stereoselective chromatography of cardiovascular drugs: an update. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2002; 54:197-220. [PMID: 12543499 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(02)00143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review reports the latest achievements in chromatographic enantioseparations of various classes of cardiovascular drugs and selected applications of these methods in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis. The use of these drugs as test compounds for new chiral stationary phases and different parameters of chromatographic processes is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Bojarski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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