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Brunelli C, Osborne R, Yule G, Dixon T, Bruce I, Taylor M. Automated multifactorial design of experiment and Bayesian optimisation algorithm approaches to method development for the green analysis by supercritical fluid chromatography of a pharmaceutical ingredient. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465214. [PMID: 39116684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
During drug development, chromatography is frequently used for purity and stability testing of both drug substance and drug product. Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is one of the most widely used methodologies due to its wide scope of application. In the later stages of drug development, the specified impurities and degradation products that define the critical quality attribute of the final API, also known as Key Predictive Sample Set (KPSS), are usually well defined and controlled. At this point, a method review enables selecting the most appropriate technique which should be the one providing optimal robustness (ICH-Q14[1]), with the support of Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) is a preferred technique for its proven diversity in selectivity. The adoption of a technique which presents the most favourable environmental impact, such as, but not limited to, SFC, is also becoming increasingly important as laboratories strive to reduce carbon footprint. Re-developing a method requires high resource-demands in terms of staff, materials, and time. Any step of the process that can be automated can facilitate this approach, speeding up the delivery of the method whilst preserving robustness. In this article we describe how an SFC method was developed for the purity profiling of a late-stage oncology candidate, taking advantage of the superior selectivity of SFC towards structurally similar analytes, owed to the high orthogonality with R2 as low as 0.014 towards the KPSS. We describe two approaches to automate the method development. Firstly, a multifactorial design of experiments (DoE) and secondly, an optimization via a Bayesian algorithm, which was completed in one night, highlighting the potential and limitations, with an insight into the robustness. Both methods achieved baseline separation with varying levels of automation embedded into the process and a large reduction of the resource demands when compared to traditional optimisation methods. Finally, we describe the beneficial environmental impact that implementing SFC methods can yield, with a calculated green score reduced to a value between 17 and 30 % compared to RPLC, depending on the number of runs per sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Brunelli
- Pfizer UK R&D Ltd, Analytical R&D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich -Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan Osborne
- Pfizer UK R&D Ltd, Analytical R&D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich -Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Yule
- Pfizer UK R&D Ltd, Analytical R&D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich -Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Dixon
- University of Leeds, Institute of process research and development (iPRD). Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel Bruce
- Pfizer UK R&D Ltd, Analytical R&D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich -Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Taylor
- Pfizer UK R&D Ltd, Analytical R&D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich -Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
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2
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Manzi SJ, Ranzuglia GA, Centres PM, Pereyra VD. Relevance of the calculation of the diffusion coefficient in a capillary electrophoresis experiment. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:300-309. [PMID: 37946567 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the role of the diffusion coefficient in the movement of analytes that can reversibly react with a selector given a product in the presence of drift. The problem mimics the movement of enantiomers in a capillary electrophoresis experiment. As is well known, the signal in the capillary must be sharp enough to make a good determination of the effective mobility of the analytes being analyzed. The essence of the technique is based on fast interconversion rates. Therefore, the effective diffusion coefficient must be negligible during the experiment. In the present work, an exact expression for both the apparent mobility and the diffusion coefficient is obtained. This is done by writing the rate equations governing the process and solving them using the generating function technique. The effective mobility coincides with the Wren and Rowe equation, whereas the diffusion coefficient allows us to determine the values of the parameters to be taken into account so that this quantity is minimal or close to zero. On the other hand, the numerical solution of the kinetic equations and Monte Carlo simulations allow us to follow the signal in the capillary and to determine its space-time evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J Manzi
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física Aplicada San Luis (INFAP) - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Ranzuglia
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física Aplicada San Luis (INFAP) - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Paulo M Centres
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física Aplicada San Luis (INFAP) - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Víctor D Pereyra
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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3
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A perspective on enantioselective chromatography by comparing ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and normal-phase liquid chromatography through the use of a Pirkle-type stationary phase. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Wu D, Ma C, Fan GC, Pan F, Tao Y, Kong Y. Recent advances of the ionic chiral selectors for chiral resolution by chromatography, spectroscopy and electrochemistry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:325-337. [PMID: 34117714 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic chiral selectors have been received much attention in the field of asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, and preparative separation. It has been shown that the addition of ionic chiral selectors can enhance the recognition efficiency dramatically due to the presence of multiple intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bond, π-π interaction, van der Waals force, electrostatic ion-pairing interaction, and ionic-hydrogen bond. In the initial research stage of the ionic chiral selectors, most of work center on the application in chromatographic separation (capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography). Differently, more and more attention has been paid on the spectroscopy (nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence, ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum, and circular dichroism spectrum) and electrochemistry in recent years. In this tutorial review as regards the ionic chiral selectors, we discuss in detail the structural features, properties, and their application in chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
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Nagai K, Shibata T, Shinkura S, Ohnishi A. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) based novel stationary phase investigated under supercritical fluid chromatography conditions. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Poly(butylene terephthalate) based novel achiral stationary phase investigated under supercritical fluid chromatography conditions. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Lee SS, Park S, Hong Y, Lee JU, Kim JH, Yoon D, Kong X, Lee S, Oh HB. Chiral differentiation of d- and l-alanine by permethylated β-cyclodextrin: IRMPD spectroscopy and DFT methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:14729-14737. [PMID: 28540941 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gaseous chiral differentiation of alanine by permethylated β-cyclodextrin was studied using IRMPD spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The protonated non-covalent complexes of permethylated β-cyclodextrin and d- or l-alanine were mass-selected and investigated by IR laser pulses in the wavelength region of 2650-3800 cm-1. The remarkably different features of the IRMPD spectra for d- and l-alanine are described, and their origin is elucidated by quantum chemical calculations. We show that the differentiation of the experimentally observed spectral features is the result of different local interactions of d- and l-alanine with permethylated β-cyclodextrin. We also assign the extremely high-frequency (>3700 cm-1) bands in the observed spectra to the stretch motions of completely isolated alanine -OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sik Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Calcaterra A, D’Acquarica I. The market of chiral drugs: Chiral switches versus de novo enantiomerically pure compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:323-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Asokan K, Shaikh KM, Tele SS, Chauthe SK, Ansar S, Vetrichelvan M, Nimje R, Gupta A, Gupta AK, Sarabu R, Wu DR, Mathur A, Bajpai L. Applications of 2, 2, 2 trifluoroethanol as a versatile co-solvent in supercritical fluid chromatography for purification of unstable boronate esters, enhancing throughput, reducing epimerization, and for additive free purifications. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1531:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Aboul-Enein HY, Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AA, Saleh OA, Hassan RM, Amin KM. Enantioseparation of Substituted 1, 3-Diazaspiro [4.5]Decan-4-Ones: HPLC Comparative Study on Different Polysaccharide Type Chiral Stationary Phases. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 56:160-165. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Comparing the selectivity and chiral separation of d- and l- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride protected amino acids in analytical high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography; evaluating throughput, economic and environmental impact. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1493:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Nováková L, Douša M. General screening and optimization strategy for fast chiral separations in modern supercritical fluid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 950:199-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Preparative supercritical fluid chromatography: A powerful tool for chiral separations. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:33-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Wu H, Yu S, Zeng L. Effects of Hexane in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for the Separation of Enantiomers. Chirality 2016; 28:192-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Wu
- Takeda California, Inc.; San Diego California USA
| | - Stanley Yu
- Takeda California, Inc.; San Diego California USA
| | - Lu Zeng
- Takeda California, Inc.; San Diego California USA
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15
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Rossi D, Marra A, Rui M, Brambilla S, Juza M, Collina S. “Fit-for-purpose” development of analytical and (semi)preparative enantioselective high performance liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography for the access to a novel σ 1 receptor agonist. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 118:363-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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17
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Shen J, Okamoto Y. Efficient Separation of Enantiomers Using Stereoregular Chiral Polymers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1094-138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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18
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Rapid chiral separation of atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol and the zwitterionic metoprolol acid using supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry – Application to wetland microcosms. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1409:251-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Lee J, Lee J, Watts WL, Barendt J, Yan TQ, Huang Y, Riley F, Hardink M, Bradow J, Franco P. On the method development of immobilized polysaccharide chiral stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography using an extended range of modifiers. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:238-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Tabani H, Mahyari M, Sahragard A, Fakhari AR, Shaabani A. Evaluation of sulfated maltodextrin as a novel anionic chiral selector for the enantioseparation of basic chiral drugs by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:305-11. [PMID: 25262990 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introducing a new class of chiral selectors is an interesting work and this issue is still one of the hot topics in separation science and chirality. In this study, for the first time, sulfated maltodextrin (MD) was synthesized as a new anionic chiral selector and then it was successfully applied for the enantioseparation of five basic drugs (amlodipine, hydroxyzine, fluoxetine, tolterodine, and tramadol) as model chiral compounds using CE. This chiral selector has two recognition sites: a helical structure and a sulfated group which contribute to three corresponding driving forces; inclusion complexation, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen binding. Under the optimized condition (buffer solution: 50 mM phosphate (pH 3.0) and 2% w/v sulfated MD; applied voltage: 18 kV; temperature: 20°C), baseline enantioseparation was observed for all mentioned chiral drugs. When instead of sulfated MD neutral MD was used under the same condition, no enantioseparation was observed which means the resolution power of sulfated MD is higher than neutral MD due to the electrostatic interaction between sulfated groups and protonated chiral drugs. Also, the countercurrent mobility of negatively charged MD (sulfated MD) allows more interactions between the chiral selector and chiral drugs and this in turn results in a successful resolution for the enantiomers. Furthermore, a higher concentration of neutral MD (approximately five times) is necessary to achieve the equivalent resolution compared with the negatively charged MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tabani
- Department of Pure Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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21
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Generic chiral method development in supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:311-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Use of dichloromethane for preparative supercritical fluid chromatographic enantioseparations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:323-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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The adsorption of naproxen enantiomers on the chiral stationary phase (R,R)-whelk-O1 under supercritical fluid conditions. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Płotka JM, Biziuk M, Morrison C, Namieśnik J. Pharmaceutical and forensic drug applications of chiral supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Frenkel J, Wess C, Vyverman W, Pohnert G. Chiral separation of a diketopiperazine pheromone from marine diatoms using supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 951-952:58-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Lorenz H, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Processes To Separate Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1218-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1557-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Kamarei F, Tarafder A, Gritti F, Vajda P, Guiochon G. Determination of the adsorption isotherm of the naproxen enantiomers on (S,S)-Whelk-O1 in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1314:276-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Updating a generic screening approach in sub- or supercritical fluid chromatography for the enantioresolution of pharmaceuticals. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Wu L, Vogt FG, Liu DQ. Flow-Injection MS/MS for Gas-Phase Chiral Recognition and Enantiomeric Quantitation of a Novel Boron-Containing Antibiotic (GSK2251052A) by the Mass Spectrometric Kinetic Method. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4869-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401079x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Wu
- Analytical Sciences, Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, United States
| | - Frederick G. Vogt
- Analytical Sciences, Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, United States
| | - David Q. Liu
- Analytical Sciences, Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, United States
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32
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Efficient immobilization of polysaccharide derivatives as chiral stationary phases via copolymerization with vinyl monomers. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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On-line enantioseparation of chlorpheniramine using β-cyclodextrin and carbon nanotubes after multivariate optimization. Talanta 2013; 105:167-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Samokhin AS, Revelsky IA, Chepelyansky DA, Parenago OO, Pokrovsky OI, Lepeshkin FD, Ustinovich KB, Revelsky AI. Supercritical fluid chromatography and its application to analysis and preparation of high-purity compounds. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793111080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Frühauf D, Juza M. Development, optimization and validation of a sub-minute analytical enantioselective high performance liquid chromatographic separation for a folic acid precursor in normal phase mode. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:242-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Chankvetadze B. Recent developments on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for liquid-phase separation of enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:26-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Imprinted polymers for chiral resolution of (±)-ephedrine, 4: Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography using molecularly imprinted chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1264:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Chester TL. Maximizing the speed of separations for industrial problems. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:69-77. [PMID: 22989488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvement efforts in chromatography have provided great improvements in the rate of plate production, but less attention has been spent on optimizing the kinds of problems that are most often encountered in industry. When factors are not independent in their effects on the responses of a chromatographic separation, all adjustable factors must be considered in concert in seeking the best or optimum condition that solves the problem. This requires careful attention to specifying the goals, the adjustable factors, and the constraints required to make sure the outcome can actually be implemented. Strategies for optimizing assay and screening methods in the context of industrial needs are presented. Expanding the factor space of the system being investigated can lead to better outcomes. The prospect of adding column-outlet pressure control and expanding the mobile phase composition to include condensed gases or supercritical fluids is explored. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography are contiguous with regard to mobile phase characteristics. Adjustment of selectivity through instrument-controlled factors can benefit method development. Opportunities obtained by blending modifiers, varying temperature and pressure with compressible mobile phases, and controlling pH are discussed in the context of optimizing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Chester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
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39
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Design of preparative-supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:227-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Pell R, Lindner W. Potential of chiral anion-exchangers operated in various subcritical fluid chromatography modes for resolution of chiral acids. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1245:175-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Oromí-Farrús M, Torres M, Canela R. Acylation of Chiral Alcohols: A Simple Procedure for Chiral GC Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:452949. [PMID: 22649749 PMCID: PMC3357535 DOI: 10.1155/2012/452949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of iodine as a catalyst and either acetic or trifluoroacetic acid as a derivatizing reagent for determining the enantiomeric composition of acyclic and cyclic aliphatic chiral alcohols was investigated. Optimal conditions were selected according to the molar ratio of alcohol to acid, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature. Afterwards, chiral stability of chiral carbons was studied. Although no isomerization was observed when acetic acid was used, partial isomerization was detected with the trifluoroacetic acid. A series of chiral alcohols of a widely varying structural type were then derivatized with acetic acid using the optimal conditions. The resolution of the enantiomeric esters and the free chiral alcohols was measured using a capillary gas chromatograph equipped with a CP Chirasil-DEX CB column. The best resolutions were obtained with 2-pentyl acetates (α = 3.00) and 2-hexyl acetates (α = 1.95). This method provides a very simple and efficient experimental workup procedure for analyzing chiral alcohols by chiral-phase GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercè Torres
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ramon Canela
- Chemistry Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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42
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A review of recent advances in mass spectrometric methods for gas-phase chiral analysis of pharmaceutical and biological compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 69:133-47. [PMID: 22579598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chirality has been of great interest in pharmaceutical and biological sciences. The capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS) for rapid analysis of complex mixtures have encouraged its exploration for gas-phase chiral differentiation. Although particular instances of successful discrimination between enantiomers have been reported over the past three decades, a general method of quantitative chiral analysis by MS has only been demonstrated recently. This review describes the current state of the chiral MS methods without chiral chromatographic separation, which fall into five main categories: (1) the kinetic method, (2) host-guest (H-G) diastereomeric adduct formation, (3) ion/molecule (equilibrium) reactions, (4) collision-induced dissociation (CID) of diastereomeric adducts, and (5) the emerging technique for gas-phase separation using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). It emphasizes tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which provides several unique analytical advantages for quantitative chiral analysis. These include intrinsically high sensitivity, molecular specificity, and tolerance to impurities as well as the simplicity and speed of the mass spectrometric measurements. Practical prospects and current challenges in quantitative chiral MS techniques for QbD (quality-by-design)-based pharmaceutical applications are also discussed.
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43
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Xie J, Han H, Sun L, Zeng H, Sun B. Resolution of racemic 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon) by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing; 100048; P.R. China
| | - Huilan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing; 100048; P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing; 100048; P.R. China
| | - Huiying Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing; 100048; P.R. China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing; 100048; P.R. China
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44
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Hamman C, Schmidt DE, Wong M, Hayes M. The use of ammonium hydroxide as an additive in supercritical fluid chromatography for achiral and chiral separations and purifications of small, basic medicinal molecules. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7886-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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A high throughput approach to purifying chiral molecules using 3μm analytical chiral stationary phases via supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3529-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Nakahashi A, Yaguchi Y, Miura N, Emura M, Monde K. A vibrational circular dichroism approach to the determination of the absolute configurations of flavorous 5-substituted-2(5H)-furanones. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:707-711. [PMID: 21381697 DOI: 10.1021/np1007763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sotolon (1) and maple furanone (2) are naturally occurring chiral furanones. These 5-substituted-2(5H)-furanones are industrially significant aroma compounds due to their characteristic organoleptic properties and extraordinarily low odor thresholds. Each enantiomer of 1 and 2 was successfully obtained by preparative enantioselective supercritical fluid chromatography. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed as (R)-(-)-1 and (S)-(+)-1 by adopting the vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) approach. The absolute configuration of 2, which has remained ambiguous since its discovery in 1957, was determined as (R)-(+)-2 and (S)-(-)-2 for the first time by the VCD technique. Surprisingly, the signs of the optical rotation of 2 are opposite of those of 1 regardless of their identical absolute configurations. This observation emphasizes the risk in absolute configurational assignments based on comparison of optical rotation signs of similar structures. Odor evaluation of the enantiomers of 2 revealed different odor intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsufumi Nakahashi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Nojavan S, Fakhari AR. Chiral separation and quantitation of cetirizine and hydroxyzine by maltodextrin-mediated CE in human plasma: Effect of zwitterionic property of cetirizine on enantioseparation. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:764-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Enantioseparation of the New Antifungal Drug Iodiconazole and Structurally Related Triadimenol Analogues by CE with Neutral Cyclodextrin Additives. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Xie J, Cheng J, Han H, Sun B, Yanik GW. Resolution of racemic γ-lactone flavors on Chiralpak AD by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Guiochon G, Tarafder A. Fundamental challenges and opportunities for preparative supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1037-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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