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Gkountanas K, Malenović A, Dotsikas Y. Determination of Bupropion and Its Impurities via a Chaotropic Chromatography Method Following Analytical Quality-by-Design Principles for Method Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101196. [PMID: 36297308 PMCID: PMC9608554 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel chaotropic chromatography method for the quantitative determination of bupropion and its impurities, following analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) principles, is presented. The analytical target profile (ATP) was defined on the basis of the efficient separation and reliable determination of bupropion and its five impurities in tablets. Preliminary experiments revealed the need for the addition of a gradient elution part. A screening fractional factorial experimental design was employed to select the critical method parameters (CMPs) and a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to investigate their influence on predefined critical method attributes (CMAs). In order to compute the design space (DS), where CMPs meet predefined acceptance limits with a high level of probability (π ≥ 85%), Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The working point selected from the DS corresponded to the following conditions: 37.5% acetonitrile at the start of the gradient program (up to 70% at the end of the gradient program), 45 mM of potassium hexafluorophosphate in the water phase, and the start of the linear gradient step in the gradient program at 10 min. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and applied to the analysis of Wellbutrin® tablets containing bupropion hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Gkountanas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, GR-157 71 Athens, Greece
- Greek Military Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Pireos 174, Tavros, GR-117 78 Athens, Greece
| | - Anđelija Malenović
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11152 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yannis Dotsikas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, GR-157 71 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7274696
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2
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A closer study of overloaded elution bands and their perturbation peaks in ion-pair chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463491. [PMID: 36122513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is strong renewed interest in ion-pair chromatography (IPC) because of its great importance for separating new-generation biosimilar pharmaceuticals such as oligonucleotides. Due to the complexity of the IPC process, its mathematical modeling is challenging, especially in preparative mode. In a recent study, Leśko et al. (2021) developed a mathematical model for predicting, with good accuracy, overloaded concentration profiles for sodium benzenesulfonate, describing how the overloaded solute concentration profiles change from Langmuirian to complicated U-shaped, and then back again to Langmuirian profiles, with increasing concentration of the ion-pair reagent in the mobile phase. This study identifies and explains the underlying mechanism generating these complex peak shapes and band-shape transformations; this was only possible by visualizing and modeling the underlying equilibrium perturbations that occur upon injection in preparative IPC. In the 2021 study, the model was derived based on the concentration profiles obtained using a conventional UV detector principle, so the concentration gradients and perturbation zones of the mobile-phase components were not visualized. In this study, the necessary mechanistic information was obtained via complementary experiments combining two detection principles, i.e., refractive index detection and UV detection, with modeling efforts. The models correctly described the invisible equilibrium perturbations and how these formed internal gradients of the mobile-phase components. The models also explained the complex overloaded solute-band deformations reported in the recent study. In addition, a rule of thumb was developed for predicting experimental conditions that could result in deformed solute elution profiles and/or for avoiding these deformations. The latter is crucial for the practical chromatographer, since such U-shaped solute-band profiles are undesirable in preparative separation due to the broader elution zones, resulting in lower productivity than that of normal band shapes.
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Rmandić M, Malenović A. Chaotropic chromatography method development for the determination of aripiprazole and its impurities following analytical quality by design principles. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3242-3250. [PMID: 32535999 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, development of robust and reliable chaotropic chromatography method for the determination of aripiprazole and its impurities, following Analytical Quality by Design principles is presented. The efficient baseline separation and accurate determination of aripiprazole and its four impurities from tablets were set as Analytical Target Profile. In line with it, the influence of Critical Method Parameters (acetonitrile content, concentration of perchloric acid in water phase, and column temperature) on predefined Critical Method Attributes (separation of the critical pair of peaks, retention of the first and last eluting peak) was investigated with aid of the Central Composite Design. Further on Design Space, where Critical Method Parameters meet predefined acceptance limits with a high level of probability (π ≥ 85%), was computed as a result of performed Monte Carlo simulations. A normal operating conditions corresponding to 34% of acetonitrile, 66% of 42.5 mM perchloric acid, and column temperature at 35°C were selected from created Design Space. Robustness testing of the quantitative performances of the developed method was conducted combining Plackett-Burman design with alias matrix approach. Through the additional validation testing, reliability of the developed method for the use in the routine practice was completely confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rmandić
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anħelija Malenović
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Robust Optimization of Chaotropic Chromatography Assay for Lamotrigine and its Two Impurities in Tablets. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Čolović J, Kalinić M, Vemić A, Erić S, Malenović A. Influence of the mobile phase and molecular structure parameters on the retention behavior of protonated basic solutes in chaotropic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1511:68-76. [PMID: 28697932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present novel insights into the pH-dependent retention behavior of protonated basic solutes in chaotropic chromatography. To this end, two sets of experiments were performed to distinguish between mobile phase pH and ionic strength effects. In the first set, the ionic strength (I) was varied with the concentration of NaPF6 and additives that adjusted the mobile phase pH, while in the second set, I was kept constant by adding the appropriate amount of NaCl. In each set, the retention behavior of 13 analytes was qualitatively examined in 21 chromatographic systems, which were defined by the NaPF6 concentration in their aqueous phases (1-50mM) and the pH of their mobile phases (2, 3 or 4); the acetonitrile content was fixed at 40%. The addition of NaCl significantly reduced the differences among retention factors at studied pH values due to the effect of the Na+ ions on PF6-adsorption to the stationary phase and the magnitude of the consequential development of the surface potential. A quantitative description of the observed phenomenon was obtained by an extended thermodynamic approach. The contribution of ion-pair formation in the stationary phase to the retention of the solutes was confirmed across models at the studied pH values in the set with varying I. In the systems with a constant I, the shielding effect of the Na+ ions on the surface charge lowered the attractive surface potential and diminished the aforementioned interactions and hence the effect of the mobile phase pH on analyte retention. Eventually, we developed a readily interpretable empirical retention model that simultaneously takes into account analyte molecular structures and the most relevant chromatographic factors. Its coefficients have clear physical meaning, and owing to its good predictive capabilities, the model could be successfully used to clarify the contributions of analyte molecular structures and chromatographic factors to the specific processes underlying separation in chaotropic chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Čolović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Kalinić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, VojvodeStepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Vemić
- Slaviamed, Bulevar oslobođenja 177, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Erić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, VojvodeStepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđelija Malenović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
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6
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Development of aqueous mobile phase using chaotrope for the chromatographic determination of melamine in infant formula. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:174-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Design of Experiments–Design Space Approach for Development of Chaotropic Chromatography Method for Determination of Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride and Two Impurities. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Čolović J, Kalinić M, Vemić A, Erić S, Malenović A. Investigation into the phenomena affecting the retention behavior of basic analytes in chaotropic chromatography: Joint effects of the most relevant chromatographic factors and analytes’ molecular properties. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1425:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Zhong JJ, Liao N, Ding T, Ye X, Liu DH. Liquid chromatographic method for toxic biogenic amines in foods using a chaotropic salt. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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The influence of salt chaotropicity, column hydrophobicity and analytes’ molecular properties on the retention of pramipexole and its impurities. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1386:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Search for improved fluorinated stationary phases for separation of fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals from their desfluoro analogs. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1380:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Mechanistic insights on chaotropic interactions of liophilic ions with basic pharmaceuticals in polar ionic mode liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Cecchi T. Theoretical Models of Ion Pair Chromatography: A Close Up of Recent Literature Production. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.941267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cecchi
- a Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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14
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Flieger J, Czajkowska-Żelazko A. Aqueous two phase system based on ionic liquid for isolation of quinine from human plasma sample. Food Chem 2014; 166:150-157. [PMID: 25053040 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous two phase system was applied for selective extraction of quinine from human plasma. Bi-phase was constructed from ionic liquid: butyl-methyl-imidazolium chloride after addition kosmotropic salts K₃PO₄ or KH₂PO₄. Quinine was determined in plasma samples after drinking of tonic containing quinine. Determination was performed by HPLC on 5-μm Zorbax SB-CN column and eluent containing 40% acetonitrile (v/v), 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 3 and 40 mM NaPF₆ using external standard method. The spectrophotometric detection was set λ=214 nm. Selective fluorescence detection was performed at excitation of 325 nm and emission of 375 nm. Proposed strategy provides suitable sample purification and gives extraction yields in the range of 89-106%. The determination coefficient (R(2)) has a value ≥0.997 in the range of 50-800 ng/ml quinine concentration. The limit of quantification was set at 27.9 ng/ml and the detection limit was found to be 8.4 ng/ml under fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - A Czajkowska-Żelazko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Colović J, Vemić A, Kostić N, Malenović A, Medenica M. Testing the capability of a polynomial-modified gaussian model in the description and simulation of chromatographic peaks of amlodipine and its impurity in ion-interaction chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1797-804. [PMID: 24798430 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the capability of a polynomial-modified Gaussian model to relate the peak shape of basic analytes, amlodipine, and its impurity A, with the change of chromatographic conditions was tested. For the accurate simulation of real chromatographic peaks the authors proposed the three-step procedure based on indirect modeling of peak width at 10% of peak height (W0.1), individual values of left-half width (A) and right-half width (B), number of theoretical plates (N), and tailing factor (Tf). The values of retention factors corresponding to the peak beginning (k(B)), peak apex (k(A)), peak ending (k(E)), and peak heights (H0) of the analytes were directly modeled. Then, the investigated experimental domain was divided to acquire a grid of appropriate density, which allowed the subsequent calculation of W0.1, A, B, N, and Tf. On the basis of the predicted results for Tf and N, as well as the defined criteria for the simulation the following conditions were selected: 33% acetonitrile/67% aqueous phase (55 mM perchloric acid, pH 2.2) at 40°C column temperature. Perfect agreement between predicted and experimental values was obtained confirming the ability of polynomial modified Gaussian model and three-step procedure to successfully simulate the real chromatograms in ion-interaction chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Colović
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Selective separation and purification of highly polar basic compounds using a silica-based strong cation exchange stationary phase. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:304-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Marchetti P, Butté A, Livingston AG. NF in organic solvent/water mixtures: Role of preferential solvation. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Marchetti P, Butté A, Livingston AG. Quality by Design for peptide nanofiltration: Fundamental understanding and process selection. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Reversed phase ion-pairing chromatography of an oligolysine mixture in different mobile phases: effort of searching critical chromatography conditions. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1304:127-32. [PMID: 23876768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier study [J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 7765] on separation of an oligolysine mixture consisting of chains with 2-8 lysine residues (number of lysine residues, dp=2-8) by ion-pairing reversed-phase chromatography using heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) as an ion pairing reagent at fixed mobile phase acetonitrile (ACN) content was extended to isocratic elution conditions with different ACN percentages. The present work explored how manipulating the mobile phase HFBA concentration ([HFBA]) and %-ACN content influences separations of the oligolysine mixture. The closed pairing model was used to analyze variation of the retention factor as a function of [HFBA]. The partition coefficient of the paired peptide decreased with increasing %-ACN. Pairing of HFBA to oligolysine was cooperative, and the effect increased when %-ACN in the mobile phase was lowered. A plot of the partition coefficient as a function of %-ACN for oligolysines varying in dp converged at one ACN content, indicating a critical condition in which components of different dp co-elute.
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20
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Florez C, Kazakevich Y. INFLUENCE OF IONIC MOBILE PHASE ADDITIVES WITH LOW CHARGE DELOCALIZATION ON THE RETENTION OF IONIC ANALYTES IN REVERSED-PHASE HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.670183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Florez
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , South Orange , New Jersey , USA
| | - Yuri Kazakevich
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , South Orange , New Jersey , USA
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21
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Effect of the pH and the ionic strength on overloaded band profiles of weak bases onto neutral and charged surface hybrid stationary phases in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1282:113-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Flieger J, Siwek A, Pizoń M. Usefulness of chaotropic salt additive in RP-HPLC of organic nonionized compounds. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:469-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry; Technical University of Łódź; Łódź Poland
| | - Magdalena Pizoń
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
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23
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Gétaz D, Hariharan SB, Butté A, Morbidelli M. Modeling of ion-pairing effect in peptide reversed-phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1249:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Kamińska M, Choma I. THE INFLUENCE OF PERCHLORATE ION CONCENTRATION ON THE RETENTION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES ON CYANO-SILICA PLATES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.676885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Choma
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , UMCS , Lublin , Poland
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25
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Strategies for the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals Using HPLC with Charged Aerosol Detection. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Flieger J, Czajkowska-Żelazko A. IONIC LIQUIDS AS MOBILE PHASE ADDITIVES IN REVERSED-PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.587220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Flieger
- a Department of Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
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27
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Cecchi T. Retention Mechanism for Ion-Pair Chromatography with Chaotropic Reagents. ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY 2011; 49:1-35. [DOI: 10.1201/b10721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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28
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Lu J, Wei Y, Rustum AM. A stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous assay of two corticosteroids and estimation of their related compounds in a pharmaceutical injectable formulation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6932-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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The role of ion-pairing in peak deformations in overloaded reversed-phase chromatography of peptides. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7065-73. [PMID: 20875642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports a study on the role of ion-pairing behind peak deformations, e.g. peak splitting and even peak disappearance, during the elution of a peptide at highly overloaded conditions in reversed-phase chromatography. Deformation of component peaks is not uncommon in chromatography. There are reports which discuss their occurrence, but mostly at analytical scale, while their occurrence is quite common also in the preparative scale, as in the case discussed in this work. This paper first describes the conditions leading to peak splitting and peak disappearance of an industrial peptide, then explains the plausible reasons behind such behaviour, and finally with experimental analysis demonstrates the role of ion-pairing in causing such behaviour.
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30
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Makarov A, LoBrutto R, Kazakevich Y. Liophilic Mobile Phase Additives in Reversed Phase HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802125918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Makarov
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rosario LoBrutto
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuri Kazakevich
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , Orange, New Jersey, USA
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31
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Kamińska M, Choma I. THE INFLUENCE OF PERCHLORATE ION CONCENTRATION ON THE RETENTION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES IN RP-TLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826071003766351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Choma
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , UMCS , Lublin, Poland
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Petruczynik A. Effect of chromatographic conditions on separation and system efficiency in HPTLC of selected quinoline standards on cyanopropyl stationary phases. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abbood A, Smadja C, Taverna M, Herrenknecht C. High performance liquid chromatography separation of structurally related enkephalins on quaternary ammonium-embedded stationary phase in isocratic mode. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:450-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Petruczynik A. Optimization of Chromatographic Systems for Determination of Lipophilicity for Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903163016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petruczynik
- a Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
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Flieger J. Effect of Ionic Liquids as Mobile-Phase Additives on Chromatographic Parameters of Neuroleptic Drugs in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902994157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kamińska M, Choma I. Influence of Perchlorate Ion on the Retention of Fluoroquinolones in RP-TLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902854789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Choma
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , UMCS , Lublin, Poland
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Makarov A, Lobrutto R, Christodoulatos C, Jerkovich A. The use of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography for studying hydrolysis kinetics of CL-20 and related energetic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:1034-1040. [PMID: 18644671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) utilizes columns packed with sub-2-mum stationary-phase particles and allows operation with pressures of up to 15,000 psi to yield increased resolution, speed, and sensitivity versus conventional HPLC. This promising new technology was used for the analysis of energetic compounds (RDX, HMX and CL-20) and a selective method was developed on an Acquity UPLC. A fast UHPLC method was applied to determine alkaline hydrolysis reaction kinetics of major energetic compounds. Activation energies of alkaline hydrolysis reaction for CL-20, RDX and HMX were comparable to those in literature, however they were determined in a shorter amount of time due to the speed of analysis of the chromatographic method. The use of liophilic salts (KPF(6)) as mobile-phase additives for the enhancement of separation selectivity of energetic compounds was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Makarov
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936, United States.
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Flieger J. Improvement of Chiral Discrimination of Acidic Enantiomers on Teicoplanin Stationary Phase by the Use of Chaotropic Effect. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902787401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Flieger
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin, Lublin , Poland
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39
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Retention mechanism for ion-pair chromatography with chaotropic reagents. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1789-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with alcohol as a weak eluent. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2362-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Overloaded elution band profiles of ionizable compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: Influence of the competition between the neutral and the ionic species. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3657-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Jinno K, Quiming NS, Denola NL, Saito Y. Modeling of retention of adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on polar stationary phases in hydrophilic interaction chromatography: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:137-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Wang Y, Grinberg N, McCaffrey J, Norwood DL. Effects of Perchloric Acid on High Temperature Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802281695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - John McCaffrey
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel L. Norwood
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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LoBrutto R, Makarov A, Jerkovich A, McGill R, Kazakevich Y, Vivilecchia R. Enhancing Productivity in the Analytical Laboratory Through the Use of Ultra Fast-HPLC in Preformulation/Formulation Development. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802279467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario LoBrutto
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexey Makarov
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anton Jerkovich
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymond McGill
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuri Kazakevich
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard Vivilecchia
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Su HL, Lan MT, Lin KW, Hsieh YZ. Chaotropic salts: Novel modifiers for the capillary electrophoretic analysis of benzodiazepines. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3384-90. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Petruczynik A, Brończyk M, Tuzimski T, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Analysis of Selected Anti-Depressive Drugs by High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802194831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petruczynik
- a Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Brończyk
- a Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tuzimski
- b Department of Physical Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
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Luo H, Ma L, Paek C, Carr PW. Application of silica-based hyper-crosslinked sulfonate-modified reversed stationary phases for separating highly hydrophilic basic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1202:8-18. [PMID: 18617181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The separation and determination of hydrophilic basic compounds are of great importance in many fields including clinical and biological research, pharmaceutical development and forensic analysis. However, the most widely used analytical separation technique in these disciplines, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), usually does not provide sufficient retention for several important classes of highly hydrophilic basic compounds including catecholamines, many drug metabolites and many drugs of abuse. Commonly eluents having little or no organic modifier and/or strong ion pairing agents must be used to achieve sufficient retention and separation. Use of highly aqueous eluents can lead to column failure by dewetting, resulting in poor retention, low selectivity and irreproducibility and slow recovery of performance. The use of a strong ion pairing agent to increase retention renders the separation incompatible with mass spectrometric detection and complicates preparative separations. This paper describes the successful applications of a novel type of silica-based, hyper-crosslinked, sulfonate-modified reversed stationary phase, denoted as (-)SO(3)-HC-C(8)-L, for the separation of highly hydrophilic cations and related compounds by a hydrophobically assisted cation-exchange mechanism. Compared to conventional reversed-phases, the (-)SO(3)-HC-C(8)-L phase showed significantly improved retention and separation selectivity for hydrophilic amines. Concurrently, due to the presence of both cation-exchange and reversed-phase retention mechanisms and the high acid stability of hyper-crosslinked phases, the separation can be optimized by changing the type or concentration of ionic additive or organic modifier, and by varying the column temperature. In addition, gradients generated by programming the concentration of either the ionic additive or the organic modifier can be applied to reduce the analysis time without compromising resolution. Furthermore, remarkably different chromatographic selectivities, especially toward cationic solutes, were observed upon comparing the (-)SO(3)-HC-C(8)-L phase with conventional reversed-phases. We believe that the combination of these two types of stationary phases will be very useful in two-dimensional liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Smith and Kolthoff Hall, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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49
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Flieger J, Świeboda R. Application of chaotropic effect in reversed-phase liquid chromatography of structurally related phenothiazine and thioxanthene derivatives. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1192:218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Quiming NS, Denola NL, Samsuri SRB, Saito Y, Jinno K. Development of retention prediction models for adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on a polyvinyl alcohol-bonded stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1537-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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