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Badminton MN, Anderson KE, Deybach JC, Harper P, Sandberg S, Elder GH. From chemistry to genomics: A concise history of the porphyrias. Liver Int 2024; 44:2144-2155. [PMID: 38767598 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We describe developments in understanding of the porphyrias associated with each step in the haem biosynthesis pathway and the role of individuals whose contributions led to major advances over the past 150 years. The first case of erythropoietic porphyria was reported in 1870, and the first with acute porphyria in 1889. Photosensitisation by porphyrin was confirmed by Meyer-Betz, who self-injected haematoporphyrin. Günther classified porphyrias into haematoporphyria acuta, acuta toxica, congenita and chronica. This was revised by Waldenström into porphyria congenita, acuta and cutanea tarda, with the latter describing those with late-onset skin lesions. Waldenström was the first to recognise porphobilinogen's association with acute porphyria, although its structure was not solved until 1953. Hans Fischer was awarded the Nobel prize in 1930 for solving the structure of porphyrins and the synthesis of haemin. After 1945, research by several groups elucidated the pathway of haem biosynthesis and its negative feedback regulation by haem. By 1961, following the work of Watson, Schmid, Rimington, Goldberg, Dean, Magnus and others, aided by the availability of modern techniques of porphyrin separation, six of the porphyrias were identified and classified as erythropoietic or hepatic. The seventh, 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase deficiency porphyria, was described by Doss in 1979. The discovery of increased hepatic 5-aminolaevulinate synthase activity in acute porphyria led to development of haematin as a treatment for acute attacks. By 2000, all the haem biosynthesis genes were cloned, sequenced and assigned to chromosomes and disease-specific mutations identified in all inherited porphyrias. These advances have allowed definitive family studies and development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Deybach
- French Porphyria Reference Center (CRMR Porphyries France), University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Harper
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Porphyria Centre Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Centre for inherited Metabolic Diseases, Porphyria Centre Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Application of photosynthetic bacteria for porphyrin production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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3
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Stölzel U, Köstler E, Koszka C, Stöffler-Meilicke M, Schuppan D, Somasundaram R, Doss MO, Habermehl KO, Riecken EO. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in porphyria cutanea tarda in Germany. Hepatology 1995; 21:1500-3. [PMID: 7539393 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from Spain, Italy, and France have demonstrated a high prevalence (71% to 91%) of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). To determine the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in PCT in Germany, we have assessed the prevalence of antibodies against HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 106 patients (mean age, 60 +/- 14 years) with the disease. Eight of 106 patients (8%) were positive for HCV antibodies and HCV RNA using second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), recombinant immunoblot assay, and polymerase chain reaction. Antibodies against HBV core antigen were found in 14 patients (13%). Of the patients with antibodies against HCV alanine transaminase (ALT) (aspartate transaminase [AST]) levels above normal occurred in 71% (86%). Because elevated ALT (AST) levels were also found in 51% (64%) of 88 patients without markers of HCV or HBV, we suggest that liver damage in PCT may exist in absence of these viruses. This is supported by the finding that in patients without HCV or HBV markers, higher serum ALT and AST activities were found in patients with overt disease or relapse (ALT, 59 +/- 44 U/L; AST, 37 +/- 21 U/L), whereas patients in remission displayed significantly lower serum enzyme activities (ALT, 16 +/- 8 U/L; AST, 16 +/- 7 U/L), (P < .001). These results indicate that HCV infection does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of PCT in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Stölzel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany
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Liem HH, Noy N, Muller-Eberhard U. Studies on the efflux of heme from biological membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1194:264-70. [PMID: 7918539 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown how heme is distributed intracellularly from its site of synthesis in the mitochondria to other organelles. In previous work (Biochemistry 23, 3715, 1984) the transfer of heme from lipid bilayers to soluble proteins had been found to be independent of the recipient proteins' affinity for heme. Here, we investigated whether proteins are involved in the transfer of heme from biological membranes into aqueous media. We followed the release of 14C-labeled heme, from mitochondria preloaded with the heme, to BSA and found that only about 28%, of the heme was extracted on the first wash. After the third wash 35-50% of the heme that had been partitioned into the membranes was extracted. Fourth and fifth washes with BSA or a cytosolic heme-binding protein (HBP, also known as liver fatty acid binding protein) removed only insignificant amounts of 14C-labeled heme. Similarly, a large portion of the preloaded 14C-labeled heme could not be extracted from a variety of isolated membranes (inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, plasma membranes of liver cells, kidney cortex cells and erythrocyte membranes). By contrast, essentially all [14C]palmitate preloaded in biological membranes and all 14C-labeled heme preloaded in synthetic membranes was released to albumin (Biochemistry 23, 3715, 1984). These observations suggest that, in general, heme associates with membrane components which can be distinguished into two compartments. One compartment releases its heme spontaneously, while another compartment binds heme so tightly that a specific process has to be evoked for its release.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Liem
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Kojima I, Maruhashi K, Fujiwara Y, Saito T, Kajiwara M, Mizutani M. Identification of porphyrins produced from isopropanol by Arthrobacter hyalinus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(93)90133-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lützow M, Kleinig H. Chlorophyll-free chromoplasts from daffodil contain most of the enzymes for chlorophyll synthesis in a highly active form. Arch Biochem Biophys 1990; 277:94-100. [PMID: 2306129 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90555-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromoplasts isolated from chlorophyll-free daffodil flowers utilize in vitro delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as precursor for the synthesis of large amounts of at least nine different products. Their identification as intermediates of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway demonstrates the presence of the majority of the respective enzymes in this nongreen plastid preparation. Porphobilinogen synthase was investigated more closely and found to be similar in its properties to the corresponding enzyme from other plastid sources. Protoporphyrin IX was also accepted as a substrate by chromoplast homogenate; here, as in the case of ALA as a substrate, Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester was the last product formed. Formation of the isocyclic chlorophyll ring was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lützow
- Institut für Biologie II, Universität Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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7
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Abstract
Nutritional relationships were revealed during the coculturing of Bacteroides gingivalis with Wolinella recta and Bacteroides melaninogenicus with W. recta. W. recta produced a substance that stimulated the growth of B. gingivalis and B. melaninogenicus. Characterization by thin-layer chromatography and absorption spectrometry identified the compound as protoheme. Production of large amounts of formate by B. melaninogenicus stimulated the growth of W. recta. These nutritional relationships could represent examples of mechanisms favoring bacterial succession in periodontal sites.
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8
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Friedmann HC, Baldwin ET. Reverse-phase purification and silica gel thin-layer chromatography of porphyrin carboxylic acids. Anal Biochem 1984; 137:473-80. [PMID: 6731829 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 60 plates in the solvent N,N-dimethylformamide/methanol/ethylene glycol/glacial acetic acid/1-chlorobutane/chloroform (4/35/6/0.4/18/20 by volume) separates porphyrin carboxylic acids by the number of free carboxyl groups. Coproporphyrins I and III and isocoproporphyrin are separated in 30 min, other porphyrins in 15 min. The N,N-dimethylformamide and acetic acid in the solvent strongly increase porphyrin fluorescence on the plates. Fading and diffusion of the fluorescent patterns is prevented by storage of the plates in the cold and dark without oxygen and with desiccant. In a preliminary step, porphyrins are purified in high yields, concentrated, and deacidified rapidly (2 min) by reverse-phase chromatography on cartridges containing a C18 spacer or on Amberlite XAD-2 columns. The methods are applied to urines of porphyria patients and for following porphyrin ester hydrolysis.
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Chapter 19 Porphyrins and related tetrapyrrolic substances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)61350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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10
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Eales L, Day RS, Blekkenhorst GH. The clinical and biochemical features of variegate porphyria: an analysis of 300 cases studied at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 12:837-53. [PMID: 7450140 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(80)90173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Petryka Z, Watson C. Separation and spectrodensitometric quantitation of porphyrin esters on thin-layer chromatograms. J Chromatogr A 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Jacob GS, Orme-Johnson WH. Catalase of Neurospora crassa. 2. Electron paramagnetic resonance and chemical properties of the prosthetic group. Biochemistry 1979; 18:2975-80. [PMID: 223625 DOI: 10.1021/bi00581a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Goldstein JA, Friesen M, Linder RE, Hickman P, Hass JR, Bergman H. Effects of pentachlorophenol on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and porphyria related to contamination with chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 26:1549-57. [PMID: 901575 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Frydman RB, Frydman B, Feinstein G. Porphyrin biosynthesis from prophobilinogen by duck blood hemolysate. Mol Cell Biochem 1977; 16:187-92. [PMID: 887090 DOI: 10.1007/bf01732060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of porphyrins from porphobilinogen by a duck blood hemolysate was examined. The system was found to form mainly protoporphyrin IX and hemin, and accumulated lesser amounts of uroporphyrins, hepatacarboxylic porphyrin, and coproporphyrins. By storage at -20 degrees the accumulation of uroporphyrins and heptacarboxylic porphyrin was increased. Both porphyrins were mainly the type III isomers. By addition of dithiothreitol the porphyrin pattern reversed to the original one formed by the fresh hemolysate. Addition of a number of amines also inhibited the decarboxylating system without affecting the original isomer distribution among the porphyrins. Addition of Fe2+ (3mM) did not affect the porphyrin pattern or the isomer distribution. Addition of Pb2+ (2.5 mM) partially inhibited the decarboxylating system, whereas at higher concentrations (4 mM) it increased the decarboxylation rate of the heptacarboxylic porphyrin. The obtained results are discussed in relation to porphyrin accumulation in porphyria cutanea tarda and in acquired hepatic porphyrias.
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Stonard MD, Greig JB. Different patterns of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity produced by administration of pure hexachlorobiphenyl isomers and hexachlorobenzene. Chem Biol Interact 1976; 15:365-79. [PMID: 827338 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(76)90141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three hexachlorobiphenyl isomers, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (I), 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexachlorobiphenyl (II) and 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (III), have been administered to rats and the effects of these three compounds upon hepatic microsomal drug metabolism and upon hepatic porphyrins have been studied. Comparisons have been made with hexachlorobenzen and a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, Aroclor 1254. From measurements of activities of microsomal drug oxidations in vitro, the durations of pharmacological actions of certain drugs in vivo and spectral shifts associated with cytochrome P-450 it is shown that the three pure hexachlorobiphenyl isomers initially produce changes in hepatic microsomal activity which resemble those seen after treatment with phenobarbitone (PB). In contrast, following chronic feeding of the isomers, compounds II and III but not I produce a pattern of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity which shows some characteristics of the 3-methylcholanthene (3-MC) and some characteristics of the phenobarbitone classes of inducer. Also, compounds II and III, but not I, cause accumulation in the liver of porphyrins containing either seven or eight carboxyl groups. These two responses are similar to those observed following hexachlorobenzene treatment and suggest that a relationship may exist between the mixed pattern of enzyme induction and the onset of hepatic porphyrin accumulation.
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16
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Goldstein JA, McKinney JD, Lucier GW, Hickman P, Bergman H, Moore JA. Toxicological assessment of hexachlorobiphenyl isomers and 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in chicks. II. Effects on drug metabolism and porphyrin accumulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1976; 36:81-92. [PMID: 818742 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(76)90028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Watson CJ, Cardinal RA, Bossenmaier I, Petryka ZJ. Porphyria variegata and porphyria cutanea tarda in siblings: chemical and genetic aspects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:5126-9. [PMID: 1061096 PMCID: PMC388889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A woman aged 54 was studied because of a severe acute porphyric (neurologic) relapse with clinical and chemical findings characteristic of porphyria variegata. During a family survey, her brother, aged 59, was found to have chemical abnormalities typical of porphyria cutanea tarda, without suggestion of neurologic manifestations. He had mild skin changes compatible with either of these forms of porphyria. The sister exhibited the protocoproporphyria of porphyria variegata, together with a large amount of fecal "x" porphyrin fraction, without demonstrable isocoproporphyrins. The brother had a uro-isocopro-type of porphyria in accord with the diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda, and quite at variance with the sister's findings. This occurrence of porphyria variegata and porphyria cutanea tarda in siblings is thus far unique. Certain hypotheses are considered in respect to genetic aspects of the differing prophyrias in this sibling pair.
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Smith SG. The use of thin layer chromatography in the separation of free porphyrins and porphyrin methyl esters. Br J Dermatol 1975; 93:291-5. [PMID: 1191537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thin layer chromatographic techniques for the separation and subsequent quantification of free porphyrins, coproporphyrin isomers and the methyl esters of porphyrins are described including a 2-dimensional system. The relevant RFs for a wide range of porphyrins are given. These methods have been in use in Cardiff and Barcelona for a number of years and were used in the survey of cases described by Pinol et al. (1975) which resulted in the discovery of the new porphyria, hepato-erythrocytic porphyria.
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Brouillet N, Arselin-De Chateaubodeau G, Volland C. Studies on protoporphyrin biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; characterization of the tetrapyrrole intermediates. Biochimie 1975; 57:647-55. [PMID: 810181 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(75)80146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An acellular extract of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, incubated with ALA, is able to synthesize protoporphyrin from this precursor. Several tetrapyrrole intermediates were extracted from the medium and purified by silica gel chromatography. The chromatographic behaviour and the spectral properties of the isolated seven free carboxylic porphyrins (and of the corresponding esters), show that each product has a different carboxyle number, varying from eight (uroporphyrin) to two (protoporphyrin). The identification of five of them (octa- to tetracarboxymethyl-porphyrinester) is confirmed by mass spectrometry. The effect of physical factors (temperature, pH, time) on the protoporphyrin biosynthesis system indicates that the enzymes catalysing the first steps of the pathway (ALA leads to Coproporphyrin) are more stable than those catalysing the last steps (Coproporphyrin leads to Protoporphyrin). Results obtained with some enzymatic inhibitors (EDTA, OP, pCMB) show the sensitivity of the ALA dehydratase to OP and to pCMB (confirming therefore its nature as a metallo- and sulfhydryl enzyme) and also of the overall porphyrin synthesis system to these three agents.
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Goldstein JA, Hickman P, Burse VW, Bergman H. A comparative study of two polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aroclors 1242 and 1016) containing 42% chlorine on induction of hepatic porphyria and drug metabolizing enzymes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1975; 32:461-73. [PMID: 807990 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(75)90111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Eales L, Grosser Y, Sears WG. The clinical biochemistry of the human hepatocutaneous porphyrias in the light of recent studies of newly identified intermediates and porphyrin derivatives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1975; 244:441-71. [PMID: 1094882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb41547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Goldstein JA, Hickman P, Jue DL. Experimental hepatic porphyria induced by polychlorinated biphenyls. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1974; 27:437-48. [PMID: 4211999 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(74)90215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Lamson DW, Yonetani T. Evaporative thin layer chromatographic separation of hemin dicarboxylic acids. Anal Biochem 1973; 52:470-4. [PMID: 4698841 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Pinelli A, Gaspari R. A new precise and sensitive method for the assay of urine porphyrins using combined thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotofluorimetric analysis. Clin Chim Acta 1972; 39:135-42. [PMID: 5038743 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(72)90309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ulshöfer B, Doss M. A sensitive method of documentation of porphyrin and hemin thin-layer chromatograms. J Chromatogr A 1969; 44:407-12. [PMID: 5347354 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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31
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Jacobs NJ, Jacobs JM, Sheng GS. Effect of oxygen on heme and porphyrin accumulation from delta-aminolevulinic acid by suspensions of anaerobically grown Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Bacteriol 1969; 99:37-41. [PMID: 5802617 PMCID: PMC249963 DOI: 10.1128/jb.99.1.37-41.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of various conditions on the accumulation of porphyrins and heme by resting suspensions of anaerobically grown cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis was examined. Anaerobically grown cells contain 10 to 15% of the amount of protoheme found in cells grown aerobically. Resting suspensions of anaerobically grown cells, when incubated aerobically in buffer with delta-aminolevulinic acid and glucose for 60 min, exhibited a fourfold increase in protoheme content. At high levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid, there was also a significant accumulation of porphyrins with the solubility and chromatographic properties of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin. Protoporphyrin was not accumulated. When oxygen was excluded from the incubation mixture, accumulation of protoheme was prevented, but accumulation of coproporphyrin and total porphyrin was enhanced. Nitrate served as an electon acceptor as indicated by its reduction to nitrite; however, nitrate did not substitute for oxygen in causing the accumulation of protoheme. These results suggested that oxygen is required for one of the late steps of heme synthesis in S. epidermidis, possibly for the conversion of coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin. The inability of nitrate to substitute for oxygen suggests a role for molecular oxygen as a substrate rather than as an electron acceptor for heme synthesis.
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Lehnert G, Kade C, Szadkowski D, Schaller KH. Praktikabilit�t, zuverl�ssigkeit und dignit�t der h�mvorl�uferbestimmung bei der �berwachung bleiexponierter. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00394783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Über die Porphyrinsynthese in der Leberzellkultur unter der Einwirkung von Pharmaka und Steroiden. Clin Chem Lab Med 1969. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1969.7.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Doss M, Ulshöfer B, Quast R. Fluorometrische bestimmung von porphyrinmethylestern im dünnschichtchromatogramm. J Chromatogr A 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(64)80152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doss
- Hygiene-Institut der Philipps-Universität, 355, Marburg an der Lahn, Germany
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36
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Doss M. Porphyrin- und Hämsynthese bei Achromobacter metalcaligenes unter dem Einfluss von 2-Methyl-2-n-propyl-1,3-propandioldicarbamat. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(68)90037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Doss M. [Formation of pyridine hemochromogen from protohemin methylester]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1968; 46:731-2. [PMID: 5733188 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Doss M, Bode U. [Thin layer chromatographic separation of porphyrins, hemin and lipids on Silica Gel H plates for the determination of the erythrocyte porphyrins as their methyl esters]. J Chromatogr A 1968; 35:248-56. [PMID: 4297976 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)82381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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SCHWANDT P, HARTMANN TH. Untersuchungen zur Wirkung der Nikotinsäure auf die stimulierte Lipolyse. Clin Chem Lab Med 1968. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1968.6.6.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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