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Guerriero G, Stokes I, Valle N, Hausman JF, Exley C. Visualising Silicon in Plants: Histochemistry, Silica Sculptures and Elemental Imaging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041066. [PMID: 32344677 PMCID: PMC7225990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon is a non-essential element for plants and is available in biota as silicic acid. Its presence has been associated with a general improvement of plant vigour and response to exogenous stresses. Plants accumulate silicon in their tissues as amorphous silica and cell walls are preferential sites. While several papers have been published on the mitigatory effects that silicon has on plants under stress, there has been less research on imaging silicon in plant tissues. Imaging offers important complementary results to molecular data, since it provides spatial information. Herein, the focus is on histochemistry coupled to optical microscopy, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy of microwave acid extracted plant silica, techniques based on particle-induced X-ray emission, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging (NanoSIMS). Sample preparation procedures will not be discussed in detail, as several reviews have already treated this subject extensively. We focus instead on the information that each technique provides by offering, for each imaging approach, examples from both silicifiers (giant horsetail and rice) and non-accumulators (Cannabis sativa L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (C.E.); Tel.: +352-2758885096 (G.G.); +44-1782-734080 (C.E.)
| | - Ian Stokes
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg;
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (C.E.); Tel.: +352-2758885096 (G.G.); +44-1782-734080 (C.E.)
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Skoczylas M, Bocian S, Kowalkowski T, Buszewski B. The effect of solvation processes on amino acid- and peptide-silica stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4152-4159. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
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Gadzala-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Effect of Temperature inmicro-HPLC Separation of PAHs under Isocratic Conditions Using Octadecyl and Alkylamide Phases. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tang B, Tian M, Lee YR, Row KH. Using linear solvation energy relationship model to study the retention factor of solute in liquid chromatography. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Korea
| | - Minglei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Korea
| | - Yu Ri Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Korea
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Rychlicki G, Matyska M, Pesek J. Determination of accessible silanols groups on silica gel surfaces using microcalorimetric measurements. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:43-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Buszewski B, Cendrowska I, Krupczynska K, Gadzala‐Kopciuch RM. Bronopol as an Ingredient of a New Test Mixture for Evaluation of HPLC Columns. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120018418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Torun , Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Krupczynska
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Torun , Poland
| | - Renata M. Gadzala‐Kopciuch
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Torun , Poland
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Bocian S, Vajda P, Felinger A, Buszewski B. Effect of End-Capping and Surface Coverage on the Mechanism of Solvent Adsorption. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Van Meter DS, Stuart OD, Carle AB, Stalcup AM. Characterization of a novel pyridinium bromide surface confined ionic liquid stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography under normal phase conditions via linear solvation energy relationships. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:67-71. [PMID: 18321522 PMCID: PMC2673091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing linear solvation free energy relationship methodology, a novel pyridinium bromide surface confined ionic liquid (SCIL) stationary phase was characterized under normal phase high-performance liquid chromatographic conditions. A limited set of neutral aromatic probe solutes were utilized to rapidly assess the utility of the LSER model, using mobile phases of hexane modified with 2-propanol. The excellent correlation of the global fit across the mobile phase composition range used in this study for the experimental and calculated retention values (R(2)=0.994) indicates that the LSER model is an appropriate model of characterizing this polar bonded phase under normal phase conditions. For a limited subset of compounds, retention on the pyridinium bromide SCIL stationary phase is more highly correlated with that obtained on a cyano column than on a diol column under NP conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Van Meter
- Department of Chemistry, PO Box 210172, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Jandera P, Novotná K. Characterization of High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography Columns using Chromatographic Methods. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600773424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Buszewski B, Krupczyńska K, Rychlicki G, Lobiński R. Effect of coverage density and structure of chemically bonded silica stationary phases on the separation of compounds with various properties. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:829-36. [PMID: 16830495 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical character, geometry, and architecture of chemically formed surface layers determine interactions between stationary phase, analyte, and mobile phase, and therefore the retention mechanisms (partitioning, adsorption, ion exchange, steric exclusion) of separated analytes. These interactions also depend on the structure and chemical character of the solutes and the composition of the mobile phase. High-molecular-weight fullerenes (C60 and C70) and water-soluble selenium-containing peptides (833 and 2607 Da) were used for the evaluation of laboratory-prepared octadecyl stationary phases with high and low coverage density before and after end-capping. The aim of this work was to study differences in surface coverage density and homogeneity and conformational changes of chemically bonded moieties and the influence of these parameters on the separation of mixtures of selenopeptides and fullerenes with significantly different molecular masses. A topographical model of the chemically modified stationary surface is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicholas Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., 87 100 Toruń, Poland.
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Comparison of column properties in reversed-phase chromatography: monolithic, cholesterolic and mixed bonded stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Buszewski B, Kowalska S, Krupczyńska K. New Generation of Chromatographic Packings and Columns for Determination of Biologically Active Compounds. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340500207367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kowalska S, Krupczyńska K, Buszewski B. Some remarks on characterization and application of stationary phases for RP-HPLC determination of biologically important compounds. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 20:4-22. [PMID: 16041787 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as vitamins, steroids, nucleosides, peptides and proteins play a very important role in coordinating living organism functions. Determination of those substances is indispensable in pathogenesis. Their complex structure and physico-chemical properties cause many analytical problems. Chromatography is the most common technique used in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. The interaction between analyte and stationary phase plays a major role in the separation process. The structure of the packing has a significant influence on the results of the separation process. Various types of spectroscopic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy can be useful tools for the characterization of packings. Surface area measurements, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and microcalorimetric measurements are also helpful in this field. Part of the paper contains a description of chromatographic tests used for the determination of column properties. The description of the possibilities of surface characterization is not complete, but is focused on the most popular techniques and practical chromatographic tests. All the presented methods made possible the design and quality control of a new generation stationary phases, which are the future of high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin St., Pl-87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. A comparative study of hydrophobicity of octadecyl and alkylamide bonded phases based on methylene selectivity. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kaliszan R, van Straten MA, Markuszewski M, Cramers CA, Claessens HA. Molecular mechanism of retention in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and classification of modern stationary phases by using quantitative structure-retention relationships. J Chromatogr A 1999; 855:455-86. [PMID: 10519086 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRRs) were derived for logarithms of retention factors normalised to a hypothetical zero percent organic modifier eluent, log kw, determined on 18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) columns for 25 carefully designed, structurally diverse test analytes. The study was aimed at elucidating molecular mechanism of retention and at finding an objective manner of quantitative comparison of retention properties and classification of modern stationary phases for RP-HPLC. Three QSRR approaches were employed: (i) relating log kw to logarithms of octanol-water partition coefficient (log P); (ii) describing log kw in terms of linear solvation-energy relationship-based parameters of Abraham; (iii) regressing log kw against simple structural descriptors acquired by calculation chemistry. All the approaches produced statistically significant and physically interpretable QSRRs. By means of QSRRs the stationary phase materials were classified according to the prevailing intermolecular interactions in the separation process. Hydrophobic properties of the columns tested were parametrized. Abilities of individual phases to provide contributions to the overall retention due to non-polar London-type intermolecular interactions were quantified. Measures of hydrogen-bond donor activity and dipolarity of stationary phases are proposed along with two other phase polarity parameters. The parameters proposed quantitatively characterize the RP-HPLC stationary phases and provide a rational explanation for the differences in retention patterns of individual columns observed when applying the conventional empirical testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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Claessens H, van Straten M, Cramers C, Jezierska M, Buszewski B. Comparative study of test methods for reversed-phase columns for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Kaliszan R, Markuszewski M, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ. Polyfunctional chemically bonded stationary phase for reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02467590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch RM, Markuszewski M, Kaliszan R. Chemically Bonded Silica Stationary Phases: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Molecular Mechanism of Reversed-Phase HPLC Retention. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9612032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland, and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, PL-80 416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Renata M. Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland, and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, PL-80 416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Markuszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland, and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, PL-80 416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland, and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, PL-80 416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hesselink W, Schiffer RH, Kootstra PR. Separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on a wide-pore polymeric C18 bonded phase. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01050-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Buszewski B. Influence of silica gel surface purity on the coverage density of chemically bonded phases. Chromatographia 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Trushin SA, Kever JJ, Vinogradova LV, Belenkii BG. Quantitative determination of adsorption-active silanol groups on the surface of reversed-phase sorbents by microcolumn LC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Silica surface controversies, strong adsorption sites, their blockage and removal. Part II. Chromatographia 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02274571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nilsson LB. Regulation of peak compression effects for substituted benzamides in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Buszewski B. Characterization of C18 chemically modified silica-gel and porous glass phases by high resolution solid state NMR spectroscopy and other physico-chemical methods. Chromatographia 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02317910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Buszewski B, Suprynowicz Z, Staszczuk P, Albert K, Pfleiderer B, Bayer E. Effect of coverage density of the retention mechanism in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Coverage homogenity of chemically bonded C18 phases for HPLC. Investigation of the changes in the free surface energy of the packings. Chromatographia 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02311422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Influence of the porous silica gel structure on the coverage density of a chemically bonded C18 phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nawrocki J, Buszewski B. Influence of silica surface chemistry and structure on the properties, structure and coverage of alkyl-bonded phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chromatographic and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance study of the changes in reversed-phase packings for high-performance liquid chromatography at different eluent compositions. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Buszewski B, suprynowicz Z. High-density chemically bonded octadecyl phases on silica gels and their application in high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mant CT, Hodges RS. Monitoring free silanols on reversed-phase supports with peptide standards. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Buszewski B, Nondek L, Jurášek A, Berek D. Preparation of silanized silica with high ligand density. The effect of silane structure. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02311822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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