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Conversion of mammalian cell culture media waste to microbial fermentation feed efficiently supports production of recombinant protein by Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266921. [PMID: 35507546 PMCID: PMC9067682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deriving new value from waste streams through secondary processes is a central aim of the circular bioeconomy. In this study we investigate whether chemically defined spent media (CDSM) waste from cell culture bioprocess can be recycled and used as a feed in secondary microbial fermentation to produce new recombinant protein products. Our results show that CDSM supplemented with 2% glycerol supported a specific growth rate of E. coli cultures equivalent to that achieved using a nutritionally rich microbiological media (LB). The titre of recombinant protein produced following induction in a 4-hour expression screen was approximately equivalent in the CDSM fed cultures to that of baseline, and this was maintained in a 16-hr preparative fermentation. To understand the protein production achieved in CDSM fed culture we performed a quantitative analysis of proteome changes in the E. coli using mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed significant upregulation of protein synthesis machinery enzymes and significant downregulation of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. We conclude that spent cell culture media, which represents 100s of millions of litres of waste generated by the bioprocessing industry annually, may be valorized as a feed resource for the production of recombinant proteins in secondary microbial fermentations. Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026884.
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Siew YY, Rai A, Pek HB, Ow DSW, Zhang W. New and efficient purification process for recombinant human insulin produced in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9137-9151. [PMID: 34821966 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new and efficient purification process for recombinant human insulin production was developed by exploring new resins and optimizing purification steps from E. coli inclusion body washing to insulin polishing. A combined additives inclusion body wash protocol drastically improved efficiency in clarifying ZZ-proinsulin samples. ZZ-proinsulin recovery increased three-fold under optimized solubilization and sulfitolysis incubation temperature and duration. Desalting with Bio-Gel P4 and P6 resulted in higher sample loading and product recovery compared to conventional resins. A higher recovery (96%) and purity (81%) of ZZ-proinsulin were achievable with the Nuvia S cation exchanger for proinsulin purification compared to a reported process using expensive affinity chromatography resin. As the first step for insulin purification, process scale-up is more economical and practical when Nuvia HR-S cation exchanger was used instead of commonly used reversed-phase chromatography. Nuvia HR-S was highly effective in removing ZZ fusion protein (90% removal) after enzymatic cleavage, although ZZ fusion protein has a very close theoretical pI to human insulin, which was supposedly challenging to be removed by cation exchange chromatography. Also, insulin can be eluted at a lower ethanol % using Nuvia HR-S compared to other reported processes and is thus more environmentally sustainable. Recombinant human insulin was obtained with over 98% purity in just a single reversed-phase polishing step, which is comparable to the reference standard. The process workflow presented here can be potentially applied for the development of purification workflow for insulin analogs or other peptide products derived from E. coli inclusion body.Key points• Drastic efficiency improvement for inclusion body wash with combined additives.• High recovery of proinsulin purification with high capacity cation exchange resin.• Effective removal of fusion tag at lower ethanol % with high-resolution resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin Siew
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amrita Rai
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Bin Pek
- Microbial Cell Bioprocessing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dave Siak-Wei Ow
- Microbial Cell Bioprocessing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Siew YY, Zhang W. Downstream processing of recombinant human insulin and its analogues production from E. coli inclusion bodies. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:65. [PMID: 34336550 PMCID: PMC8313369 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Diabetes Compact was launched by the World Health Organization in April 2021 with one of its important goals to increase the accessibility and affordability of life-saving medicine-insulin. The rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide is bound to escalate the demand for recombinant insulin therapeutics, and currently, the majority of recombinant insulin therapeutics are produced from E. coli inclusion bodies. Here, a comprehensive review of downstream processing of recombinant human insulin/analogue production from E. coli inclusion bodies is presented. All the critical aspects of downstream processing, starting from proinsulin recovery from inclusion bodies, inclusion body washing, inclusion body solubilization and oxidative sulfitolysis, cyanogen bromide cleavage, buffer exchange, purification by chromatography, pH precipitation and zinc crystallization methods, proinsulin refolding, enzymatic cleavage, and formulation, are explained in this review. Pertinent examples are summarized and the practical aspects of integrating every procedure into a multimodal purification scheme are critically discussed. In the face of increasing global demand for insulin product, there is a pressing need to develop a more efficient and economical production process. The information presented would be insightful to all the manufacturers and stakeholders for the production of human insulins, insulin analogues or biosimilars, as they strive to make further progresses in therapeutic recombinant insulin development and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin Siew
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Sørensen KK, Mishra NK, Paprocki MP, Mehrotra A, Jensen KJ. High-Performance Reversed-Phase Flash Chromatography Purification of Peptides and Chemically Modified Insulins. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1818-1822. [PMID: 33443297 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparative reversed-phase HPLC is the established method for the purification of peptides, but has significant limitations. We systematically investigated the use of high-performance reversed-phase flash chromatography (HPFC) to rapidly purify laboratory-scale quantities of crude, synthetic peptides and chemically modified insulins. We demonstrated these methods for a diverse set of peptides, including short, medium, and long peptides. Depending on the purity profile of the peptide, HPFC can be used either as the sole purification method, or as a pre-purification method prior to final HPLC purification. Furthermore, HPFC is suitable for the purification of peptides that are not fully in solution. We provide guidelines for the HPFC of synthetic peptides and small proteins, including the choice of columns, eluents, and gradients. We believe that HPFC is a valuable alternative to HPLC purification of peptides and small proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper K Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Narendra K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maciej P Paprocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Govender K, Naicker T, Baijnath S, Chuturgoon AA, Abdul NS, Docrat T, Kruger HG, Govender T. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography employing water-rich modifier enables the purification of biosynthesized human insulin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1155:122126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Govender K, Naicker T, Lin J, Baijnath S, Chuturgoon AA, Abdul NS, Docrat T, Kruger HG, Govender T. A novel and more efficient biosynthesis approach for human insulin production in Escherichia coli (E. coli). AMB Express 2020; 10:43. [PMID: 32152803 PMCID: PMC7062966 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin has captured researchers' attention worldwide. There is a rapid global rise in the number of diabetic patients, which increases the demand for insulin. Current methods of insulin production are expensive and time-consuming. A PCR-based strategy was employed for the cloning and verification of human insulin. The human insulin protein was then overexpressed in E. coli on a laboratory scale. Thereafter, optimisation of human insulin expression was conducted. The yield of human insulin produced was approximately 520.92 (mg/L), located in the intracellular fraction. Human insulin was detected using the MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS methods. The crude biosynthesised protein sequence was verified using protein sequencing, which had a 100% similarity to the human insulin sequence. The biological activity of human insulin was tested in vitro using a MTT assay, which revealed that the crude biosynthesised human insulin displayed a similar degree of efficacy to the standard human insulin. This study eliminated the use of affinity tags since an untagged pET21b expression vector was employed. Tedious protein renaturation, inclusion body recovery steps, and the expensive enzymatic cleavage of the C-peptide of insulin were eliminated, thereby making this method of biosynthesising human insulin a novel and more efficient method.
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7
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Stadnik D, Bierczyńska-Krzysik A, Zielińska J, Antosik J, Borowicz P, Bednarek E, Bocian W, Sitkowski J, Kozerski L. Identification of Lysine Misincorporation at Asparagine Position in Recombinant Insulin Analogs Produced in E. coli. Pharm Res 2019; 36:79. [PMID: 30949841 PMCID: PMC6449291 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of human insulin analogs' impurity with a mass shift +14 Da in comparison to a parent protein. METHODS The protein sequence variant was detected and identified with the application of peptide mapping, liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Edman sequencing. RESULTS The misincorporated lysine (Lys) at asparagine (Asn) position A21 was detected in recombinant human insulin and its analogs. CONCLUSIONS Although there are three asparagine residues in the insulin derivative, the misincorporation of lysine occurred only at position A21. The process involves G/U or A/U wobble base pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Stadnik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bierczyńska-Krzysik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zielińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Antosik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Borowicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Bednarek
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bocian
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lech Kozerski
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Speedy standing wave design, optimization, and scaling rules of simulated moving bed systems with linear isotherms. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1493:19-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Karas JA, Patil NA, Tailhades J, Sani MA, Scanlon DB, Forbes BE, Gardiner J, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Total Chemical Synthesis of an Intra-A-Chain Cystathionine Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Thermal Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- CSIRO; Materials Science and Engineering; Clayton VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Nitin A. Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Denis B. Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Briony E. Forbes
- School of Medicine; Flinders University; Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO; Materials Science and Engineering; Clayton VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
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10
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Karas JA, Patil NA, Tailhades J, Sani MA, Scanlon DB, Forbes BE, Gardiner J, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Total Chemical Synthesis of an Intra-A-Chain Cystathionine Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Thermal Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14743-14747. [PMID: 27761974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, storage of insulin formulations at 4 °C is still necessary to minimize chemical degradation. This is problematic in tropical regions where reliable refrigeration is not ubiquitous. Some degradation byproducts are caused by disulfide shuffling of cystine that leads to covalently bonded oligomers. Consequently we examined the utility of the non-reducible cystine isostere, cystathionine, within the A-chain. Reported herein is an efficient method for forming this mimic using simple monomeric building blocks. The intra-A-chain cystathionine insulin analogue was obtained in good overall yield, chemically characterized and demonstrated to possess native binding affinity for the insulin receptor isoform B. It was also shown to possess significantly enhanced thermal stability indicating potential application to next-generation insulin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Denis B Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Briony E Forbes
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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11
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Wang EH, Nagarajan Y, Carroll F, Schug KA. Reversed-phase separation parameters for intact proteins using liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3716-3727. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn H. Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Yashaswini Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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12
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Speedy standing wave design of size-exclusion simulated moving bed: Solvent consumption and sorbent productivity related to material properties and design parameters. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:54-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Ulrich J, Pietzsch M. What is a protein crystal? Can we apply the terminology of classical industrial crystallization to them? CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201500057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Ulrich
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Zentrum für Ingenieurwissenschaften; Verfahrenstechnik/TVT D-06099 Halle Germany
| | - Markus Pietzsch
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I; Institut für Pharmazie, Aufarbeitung biotechnischer Produkte; D-06099 Halle Germany
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Insaidoo FK, Rauscher MA, Smithline SJ, Kaarsholm NC, Feuston BP, Ortigosa AD, Linden TO, Roush DJ. Targeted purification development enabled by computational biophysical modeling. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:154-64. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niels C. Kaarsholm
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc; Whitehouse Station NJ 08889
| | - Bradley P. Feuston
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc; Whitehouse Station NJ 08889
| | | | - Thomas O. Linden
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc; Whitehouse Station NJ 08889
| | - David J. Roush
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc; Whitehouse Station NJ 08889
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15
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Hossain MA, Wade JD. Synthetic relaxins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 22:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stryjewska A, Kiepura K, Librowski T, Lochyński S. Biotechnology and genetic engineering in the new drug development. Part I. DNA technology and recombinant proteins. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1075-85. [PMID: 24399704 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical biotechnology has a long tradition and is rooted in the last century, first exemplified by penicillin and streptomycin as low molecular weight biosynthetic compounds. Today, pharmaceutical biotechnology still has its fundamentals in fermentation and bioprocessing, but the paradigmatic change affected by biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences has led to an updated definition. The biotechnology revolution redrew the research, development, production and even marketing processes of drugs. Powerful new instruments and biotechnology related scientific disciplines (genomics, proteomics) make it possible to examine and exploit the behavior of proteins and molecules. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technologies (genetic, protein, and metabolic engineering) allow the production of a wide range of peptides, proteins, and biochemicals from naturally nonproducing cells. This technology, now approximately 25 years old, is becoming one of the most important technologies developed in the 20(th) century. Pharmaceutical products and industrial enzymes were the first biotech products on the world market made by means of rDNA. Despite important advances regarding rDNA applications in mammalian cells, yeasts still represent attractive hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. In this review we describe these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stryjewska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL 50-370 Wrocław, Poland. ;
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17
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Insulin related compounds and identification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 908:105-12. [PMID: 23044006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-related compounds (IRCs), which originate during the expression and purification of human insulin using recombinant Escherichia coli, were purified and identified. We investigated the identity of IRCs and their origin. We also presented methods for inhibiting IRC formation. The strains used in this report were E. coli B5K and E. coli H27R. E. coli B5K had a 6-amino acid-fused peptide at the N-terminus of proinsulin, and E. coli H27R had a 28-amino acid-fused peptide at the N-terminus of proinsulin. We investigated the identity of IRCs and their origin by mainly using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The well-known IRCs, desamido human insulin and desthreonine human insulin, formed in both strains. In addition to these two IRCs, the B5K strain produced three different IRCs, Arg(A(0))-insulin (IRC 1), prepeptide-insulin (IRC 2), and Glu(A(22))-insulin (IRC 3). The amounts of IRC 1, IRC 2, IRC 3 were approximately 0.1-0.3% after final purification step. Among these IRCs, Arg(A(0))-insulin, prepeptide-insulin, and desthreonine insulin originated from incomplete enzyme reaction. Glu(A(22))-insulin was formed when we used a double stop codon during the expression of preproinsulin; that is, it was formed by the misreading of the first stop codon through the amber mutation. The major IRCs of the H27R strain were human insulin fragment (B1-B21) (IRC 4), and A9(Ser→Asn) amino acid single mutation human insulin (IRC 5), Arg(B(31))-insulin (IRC 6). Human insulin fragment (B1-B21) was formed by β-mercaptoethanol, which was added during refolding. It formed when the disulfide bonds between A-chain and B-chain of human insulin were cut by β-mercaptoethanol, followed by cleavage of the B-chain by trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. A9(Ser→Asn) amino acid single mutation human insulin originated from the mistranslation of A9 serine, such that asparagine was translated instead of serine. Arg(B(31))-insulin originated from incomplete enzyme reaction. The amount of IRC 4 was 10-15% after enzyme reaction. The amounts of IRC 5, IRC 6 were around 0.2% after final purification step. We present methods for inhibiting the formation of IRCs by controlling the amount of enzyme, controlling the rate of enzyme reaction, using a single stop codon, using hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to inhibit β-mercaptoethanol, and modifying the A9 codon.
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18
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Petrides D, Sapidou E, Calandranis J. Computer-aided process analysis and economic evaluation for biosynthetic human insulin production-A case study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 48:529-41. [PMID: 18623518 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260480516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human insulin was the first mammalian protein produced in bacteria using recombinant DNA technology. Two technologies were developed; the first based on the separate expression of precursors of chains A and B of insulin, and the second based on the expression of a precursor of proinsulin as a Trp-E fusion protein. Both technologies utilized Escherichia coli as an expression system. Later, a third technology was developed based on a strain of yeast that can secrete a precursor of insulin. The second E. coli process, a variation of which has been commercialized by Eli Lilly and Co., is analyzed in this article from a process design and economic evaluation viewpoint. The objective of this work is to elucidate the technical complexity and high cost associated with the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals. Human insulin is a good example of a protein-based biopharmaceutical produced in large quantities (a fex tons per year) that requires large scale equipment and presents a multitude of scale-up challenges. Based onthe analysis, a number of conclusions are drawn regarding the cost breakdown and cost dependency on process parameters. Recommendations are made for cost reduction and environmental impact minimization. This analysis was performed using a software tool for computer-aided bioprocess design. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Petrides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Jung SM, Choi JH, Kim JH. Application of capacitive deionization (CDI) technology to insulin purification process. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Enmark M, Samuelsson J, Forssén P, Fornstedt T. Enantioseparation of omeprazole--effect of different packing particle size on productivity. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1240:123-31. [PMID: 22542288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric separation of omeprazole has been extensively studied regarding both product analysis and preparation using several different chiral stationary phases. In this study, the preparative chiral separation of omeprazole is optimized for productivity using three different columns packed with amylose tris (3,5-dimethyl phenyl carbamate) coated macroporous silica (5, 10 and 25 μm) with a maximum allowed pressure drop ranging from 50 to 400 bar. This pressure range both covers low pressure process systems (50-100 bar) and investigates the potential for allowing higher pressure limits in preparative applications in a future. The process optimization clearly show that the larger 25 μm packing material show higher productivity at low pressure drops whereas with increasing pressure drops the smaller packing materials have substantially higher productivity. Interestingly, at all pressure drops, the smaller packing material result in lower solvent consumption (L solvent/kg product); the higher the accepted pressure drop, the larger the gain in reduced solvent consumption. The experimental adsorption isotherms were not identical for the different packing material sizes; therefore all calculations were recalculated and reevaluated assuming identical adsorption isotherms (with the 10 μm isotherm as reference) which confirmed the trends regarding productivity and solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Enmark
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
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21
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Miyahara H, Nakashima R, Inoue M, Katsuda T, Yamaji H, Katoh S. Optimization and Performance of Silica-Based Media for Industrial-Scale Antibody Purification. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Venkatesan K, Dave N, Thiyagarajan K, Iyer H. A STUDY ON INTERACTION OF ION-PAIRING AGENT IN SEPARATION OF HUMAN INSULIN AND GLYCOSYLATED HUMAN INSULIN USING REVERSE PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.591025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitesh Dave
- a Research and Development, Biocon Ltd. , Karnataka, India
| | | | - Harish Iyer
- a Research and Development, Biocon Ltd. , Karnataka, India
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23
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Pericleous C, Miles J, Esposito D, Garza-Garcia A, Driscoll PC, Lambrianides A, Latchman D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Ioannou Y, Giles I. Evaluating the conformation of recombinant domain I of β(2)-glycoprotein I and its interaction with human monoclonal antibodies. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:56-63. [PMID: 21899894 PMCID: PMC3268385 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) cause the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by interacting with domain I (DI) of beta-2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). The aPL/β2GPI complex then exerts pathogenic effects on target cells. We previously described periplasmic bacterial expression of native and mutated variants of DI, and reported the presence of immunodominant epitopes at positions 8–9 (D8/D9) and position 39 (R39). Mutations at these positions strongly influenced the ability of recombinant DI to bind patient-derived IgG aPL and to inhibit pathogenic effects of these aPL in a mouse model of APS. We now describe an improved cytoplasmic bacterial expression system allowing higher yield of DI. We demonstrate that the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of a 15N,13C-isotope-labelled sample of the recombinant DI protein exhibit properties consistent with the structure of DI in crystal structure of intact β2GPI. Mutations at D8/D9 and R39 had limited impact on the NMR spectrum of DI indicating maintenance of the overall fold of the DI domain. We investigated interactions between five variants of DI and ten monoclonal human IgG antibodies, all derived from the IgG aPL antibody IS4 by sequence manipulation and in vitro expression. Arginine residues at positions 100 and 100g in IS4VH CDR3 play a particularly important role in binding to DI, but this is unlikely to be due to electrostatic interactions with negatively charged amino acids on DI. Both the strength of binding to DI and the ability to discriminate different DI variants varies between the different IgG antibodies tested. There was no simple relationship between these binding properties and antibody pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Pericleous
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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25
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Chen S, Adijanto L, Wang NHL. In vitro folding of methionine-arginine human lyspro-proinsulin S-sulfonate-disulfide formation pathways and factors controlling yield. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 26:1332-43. [PMID: 20540164 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro folding of an oxidized proinsulin (methionine-arginine human lyspro-proinsulin S-sulfonate), using cysteine as a reducing agent at 5°C and high pH (10.5-11). Folding intermediates were detected and characterized by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), reversed-phase chromatography (RPC), size-exclusion chromatography, and gel electrophoresis. The folding kinetics and yield depended on the protein and cysteine concentrations. RPC coupled with MALDI-MS analyses indicated a sequential formation of intermediates with one, two, and three disulfide bonds. The MALDI-MS analysis of Glu-C digested, purified intermediates indicated that an intra-A-chain disulfide bond formed first among A6, A7, and A11. Various non-native intra-A (A20 with A6, A7, or A11), intra-B (between B7 and B19), and inter-A-B disulfide bonds were observed in the intermediates with two disulfide bonds. The intermediates with three disulfide bonds had mainly the non-native intra-A and intra-B bonds. At a cysteine-to-proinsulin-SH ratio of 3.5, all intermediates with the non-native disulfide bonds were converted to properly folded proinsulin via disulfide bond reshuffling, which was the slowest step. Aggregation via the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds of early intermediates was the major cause of yield loss. At a higher cysteine-to-proinsulin-SH ratio, some intermediates and folded MR-KPB-hPI were reduced to proteins with thiolate anions, which caused unfolding and even more yield loss than what resulted from aggregation of the early intermediates. Reducing protein concentration, while keeping an optimal cysteine-to-protein ratio, can improve folding yield significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100, USA
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26
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Chung PL, Bugayong JG, Chin CY, Wang NHL. A parallel pore and surface diffusion model for predicting the adsorption and elution profiles of lispro insulin and two impurities in gradient-elution reversed phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8103-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Peng L, Jayapalan S, Chankvetadze B, Farkas T. Reversed-phase chiral HPLC and LC/MS analysis with tris(chloromethylphenylcarbamate) derivatives of cellulose and amylose as chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6942-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Xin-Du G, Fred E R. Dependence of Elution Curve and Adsorption Isotherms of Insulin on Composition of Mobile Phase of Frontal Analysis in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20030210416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Gusarov DA, Gusarova VD, Mikhalev AV, Lasman VA, Bairamashvili DI, Mironov AF, Senatorova NK, Senatorov AV. Validation of a method for monitoring the manufacture of human insulin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:55-61. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Hunter AK, Hoeltzli SD, Johnson GV, Gustafson ME, Ho SV. Use of cyclohexanedimethanol as a nonflammable organic solvent for industrial scale reversed phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1202:107-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Liquid chromatography of recombinant proteins and protein drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:133-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Yu CM, Mun S, Wang NHL. Phenomena of insulin peak fronting in size exclusion chromatography and strategies to reduce fronting. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1192:121-9. [PMID: 18405908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Insulin peak fronting in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) results in more than 10% yield loss in the production of insulin. The goal of this study is to understand the mechanisms of peak fronting and to develop strategies to reduce fronting and increase insulin yield. Chromatography experiments ruled out pressure surge, viscous fingering, and adsorption as the cause for peak fronting. Theoretical analysis based on a general rate model indicated that reversible dimerization is the major cause for peak fronting and reducing the dimerization equilibrium constant is the most effective method for reducing fronting. Two strategies were developed and tested to reduce the degree of dimer formation. The first strategy was to use 0.1N acetic acid as the presaturant and eluent. The second strategy was to use 0.8 or 2.8N acetic acid in 20vol.% denatured ethanol as the mobile phase. The experimental results showed that both strategies can reduce insulin peak fronting in SEC, maintain desired product purity, and increase insulin yield to higher than 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Yu
- Xencor Inc., 111 West Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
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33
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Gusarova V, Vorobjeva T, Gusarov D, Lasman V, Bayramashvili D. Size-exclusion chromatography based on silica-diol for the analysis of the proinsulin fusion protein. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1176:157-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Oliveira JE, Damiani R, Bartolini P, Ribela MTCP. Practical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for laboratory-scale purification of recombinant human thyrotropin. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164:206-11. [PMID: 17662991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A small, semi-preparative C(4) RP-HPLC column was used to set up the conclusive laboratory-scale purification of Chinese hamster ovary-derived human thyrotropin (hTSH), after a preliminary concentration-purification of an extremely dilute and poorly ( approximately 0.6 microg hTSH/mL; mass fraction=0.35%) conditioned medium on a cation exchanger. Several fractions of this eluate were repeatedly injected on the semi-preparative column, obtaining, in a single run (<1h chromatographic time), a concentrated pool ( approximately 1.2 mg/mL) of highly purified hTSH that could be further concentrated to >3 mg/mL and then efficiently lyophilized. The overall recovery in the rapid RP-HPLC purification step, including concentration and lyophilization, was of the order of 80%. The final product, when tested via a precise, single-dose in vivo bioassay, confirmed that it did not suffer any loss of bioactivity. This same methodology can be easily adapted to the small-scale purification of other recombinant products, even when obtained from genetically modified organisms at extremely low concentrations and mass fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ezequiel Oliveira
- Biotechnology Department, IPEN-CNEN, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Katoh S, Imada M, Takeda N, Katsuda T, Miyahara H, Inoue M, Nakamura S. Optimization of silica-based media for antibody purification by protein A affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:36-40. [PMID: 17467720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the large molecular size of IgG antibodies widely used for therapeutic applications, the pore size, pore volume and coupling density of silica-based media were optimized for the effective large-scale purification, using an antibody-protein A affinity system. Silica media, with average pore sizes from 70 nm to 140 nm and surface areas of 26-67 m(2)/g, were prepared and coupled with protein A. The static adsorption capacity and dynamic binding capacity of bovine and human IgG were measured at superficial liquid velocities ranging from 94 to 720 cm/h. The volumetric coefficient of mass transfer of the alkali-treated silica-based protein A media, with a pore size of 110 nm, was four times higher than the values for cross-linked agarose media and thus had high dynamic binding capacities at high superficial liquid velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Katoh
- Graduate School of Scinece and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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36
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Dave N, Hazra P, Khedkar A, Manjunath HS, Iyer H, Suryanarayanan S. Process and purification for manufacture of a modified insulin intended for oral delivery. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1177:282-6. [PMID: 17675047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of insulin is convenient and physiologically desirable in the treatment of diabetes. However, this route of administration has presented substantial challenges as insulin is degraded enzymatically in the gut, resulting in low bioavailability. We have developed a conjugated insulin product (IN-105) that has high bioavailability and is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes. A process for the manufacture of IN-105 was developed. Initially, recombinant human insulin was conjugated covalently with a monodisperse, short-chain methoxypolyethylene glycol derivative. The desired product, IN-105, was purified from its closely related species using RP-HPLC and cation exchange chromatography to a purity of 98.5%. The elution pool from cation exchange chromatography was crystallized and lyophilized into the dry active pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Dave
- Research and Development, Biocon Ltd., 20th KM Hosur Road, Electronic City, Bangalore, India.
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37
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Gusarov D, Lasman V, Bayramashvili D. Methods for protecting silica sorbents used in high-performance liquid chromatography from strongly adsorbed impurities during purification of human recombinant insulin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 853:354-9. [PMID: 17349827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the main stages of human recombinant insulin (HRI) production is the hormone purification by means of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). The optimization of this stage determines the increase of the total manufacturing yield. Therefore, the cost of the sorbent used in HPLC influences the cost of the manufacturing product, i.e. HRI substance. However, resolution between HRI and its admixtures decreases with time. The reason for this is the sorbent contamination with strongly adsorbed impurities (SAI) which are accumulated during elution. In the following research several methods for sorbent protection are studied. The opinion that SAI are mainly high-molecular weight compounds was examined using gel filtration. Different sorbent types were tested for the use in guard column. The results obtained were applied and improved at preparative level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gusarov
- Experimental Biotechnological Plant, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikloukho-Maklaya st., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
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38
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Abstract
Single-molecule spectroscopy has emerged as a valuable tool in probing kinetics and dynamic equilibria in adsorption because advances in instrumentation and technology have enabled researchers to obtain high signal-to-noise ratios for common dyes at room temperature. Single-molecule spectroscopy was applied to the study of an important problem in chromatography: peak broadening and asymmetry in the chromatograms of pharmaceuticals, peptides, and proteins. Using DiI, a cationic dye that exhibits the same problematic chromatographic behavior, investigators showed that the adsorption sites that cause chromatographic problems are located at defects on the silica crystal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Wirth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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39
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Cruz N, López M, Estrada G, Alvarado X, De Anda R, Balbás P, Gosset G, Bolivar F. Preparative Isolation of Recombinant Human Insulin-A Chain by Ion Exchange Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079208016180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Zhou Y, Ottens M, Hansen E, van der Wielen LAM. Human insulin and desamido human insulin isotherms in ethanol–water reversed phase systems. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1061:141-8. [PMID: 15641356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The multi-component isotherms for human insulin (HI) and desamido human insulin (dHI) over reversed phase packing (C18) and with 29.8% (w/w) ethanol-water as mobile phase have been determined experimentally. The isotherms of HI in ethanol-water differ from those obtained with the more commonly applied methanol-water and acetonitrile-water mobile phase, as described in this paper. The isotherm exhibits anti Langmuirian behavior and can be very well modeled by an anti Langmuir isotherm presented in this paper. The HI and dHI anti Langmuir isotherm are determined as: qHI = (8.4C(HI) + 3C(HI)CdHI)/(1 - 0.05C(HI) - 0.14CdHI + 0.04C(HI)CdHI) and qdHI = (11.4CdHI + 2C(HI)CdHI)/ (1 - 0.05C(HI) - 0.14CdHI + 0.04C(HI)CdHI)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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41
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Gu Y, Shih PH. Salt-induced phase separation can effectively remove the acetonitrile from the protein sample after the preparative RP-HPLC. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Panda AK. Bioprocessing of therapeutic proteins from the inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 85:43-93. [PMID: 12930093 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36466-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli has been most extensively used for the large-scale production of therapeutic proteins, which do not require complex glycosylation for bioactivity. In recent years tremendous progress has been made on the molecular biology, fermentation process development and protein refolding from inclusion bodies for efficient production of therapeutic proteins using E. coli. High cell density fermentation and high throughput purification of the recombinant protein from inclusion bodies of E. coli are the two major bottle necks for the cost effective production of therapeutic proteins. The aim of this review is to summarize the developments both in high cell density, high productive fermentation and inclusion body protein refolding processes using E. coli as an expression system. The first section deals with the problems of high cell density fermentation with an aim to high volumetric productivity of recombinant protein. Process engineering parameters during the expression of ovine growth hormone as inclusion body in E. coli were analyzed. Ovine growth hormone yield was improved from 60 mg L(-1) to 3.2 g L(-1) using fed-batch culture. Similar high volumetric yields were also achieved for human growth hormone and for recombinant bonnet monkey zona pellucida glycoprotein expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. The second section deals with purification and refolding of recombinant proteins from the inclusion bodies of E. coli. The nature of inclusion body protein, its characterization and isolation from E. coli has been discussed in detail. Different solubilization and refolding methods, which have been used to recover bioactive protein from inclusion bodies of E. coli have also been discussed. A novel inclusion body protein solubilization method, while retaining the existing native-like secondary structure of the protein and its subsequent refolding in to bioactive form, has been discussed. This inclusion body solubilization and refolding method has been applied to recover bioactive recombinant ovine growth hormone, recombinant human growth hormone and bonnet monkey zona pellucida glycoprotein from the inclusion bodies of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
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43
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Sokol JM, Holmes BW, O'Connell JP, Fernandez EJ. Aprotinin conformational distributions during reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Analysis by hydrogen-exchange mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1007:55-66. [PMID: 12924551 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-exchange mass spectrometry analysis of the stable protein aprotinin during reversed-phase liquid chromatography shows both native and unfolded protein. The behavior is consistent with only two conformational states, a near-native state and a fully solvent-accessible state, with reversible interchange of species within and between the mobile and stationary phases. The amount of unfolded form is greater on C18 relative to C4 alkyl modified silica surfaces. The addition of (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, NaCl, or NaSCN to the mobile phase stabilized native conformation on the chromatographic surface, especially on the C4 media. Finally, the retention and the proportion of denatured form increases with added salts in anorder consistent with the lyotropic series, but reversed from that observed for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sokol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 102 Engineers' Way, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4741, USA
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44
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Visser NFC, Lingeman H, Irth H. On-line SPE-RP-LC for the determination of insulin derivatives in biological matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:295-309. [PMID: 12763539 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An automated and on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE)-liquid chromatography (LC) procedure is described for the determination of insulin in biological matrices. The total procedure consists of two SPEs in series, followed by RP-LC separation. During the first SPE a strong anion-exchange (SAX) cartridge (ISOLUTE, 40-90 microm, 10 x 4 mm i.d.) is used, followed by a RP-cartridge (Luna C(8), 4 x 2.0 mm i.d.). The second SPE cartridge contains the same material as the LC column and is used to transfer the sample from the SAX cartridge to the LC column. The developed system can detect 100 nmol/l insulin in aqueous samples and 200 nmol/l insulin in spiked plasma samples using UV. When electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS), was coupled with the developed system, the LODs were lowered by a factor two to 50 and 100 nmol/l for aqueous and spiked plasma samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F C Visser
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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45
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Wu X, Oppermann U. High-level expression and rapid purification of rare-codon genes from hyperthermophilic archaea by the GST gene fusion system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 786:177-85. [PMID: 12651013 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared two gene fusion expression strategies using two rare codon genes (Ssh10b and MtGrxM) from archaea as a model system. Both genes can be highly expressed as N- or C-terminal fusion partners to GST or the intein/chitin-binding tag. However, the fusion protein with intein tag could not be cleaved, even under stringent conditions, possibly due to steric hindrance, thus preventing further purification. In contrast, the GST fusion system could increase protein expression level and the corresponding fusion protein could be easily cleaved by thrombin. After binding to glutathione sepharose, the fusion protein was cleaved on column, and a roughly purified protein fraction was eluted. This fraction was purified by heating at 80 degrees C for 10 min, followed by centrifugation. The correct total mass and N-terminal primary structure were confirmed by mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. Both constructs were used for in vitro expression, and similar results were obtained, indicating higher expression levels of the GST tag vs. intein/chitin tag. Taken together, our results suggest that the GST fusion system can be used as a considerable alternative to synthetic genes for the expression of rare codon genes. The affinity chromatography purification followed by a heating step is an efficient and convenient method for thermostable protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Oh C, Chung SC, Shin SI, Kim YC, Im SS, Oh SG. Distribution of macropores in silica particles prepared by using multiple emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 254:79-86. [PMID: 12702427 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of macropores in silica particles prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS in a hexane/water/decyl alcohol (O(1)/W/O(2)) multiple emulsion was investigated. To stabilize the emulsion structure, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was added into the O(2) phase and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added into the water phase. Without HPC, the particles have an irregular shape and hardly have particulate forms. As the concentration of HPC increases, the shape of particles becomes more and more spherical and the size decreases. The size of silica particles was varied from 5 to 1 microm as the concentration of HPC increased from 0.5 to 0.7 wt%. The number and size of the macropores in silica particles were affected by PEG polymer concentration. With the variation in the concentration of PEG, macropores in silica particles were located at the surface of or inside the particles. At high concentrations of PEG, the macropores in particles were located inside the particles, but at low concentrations of PEG the macropores were located at the surfaces of particles. Interestingly, the particles of dimpled surfaces were formed when the molar ratio of water to TEOS (R(w)) was 4.0 and the concentrations of PEG and HPC were 2.0 and 0.7 wt% respectively. The surface areas of dimpled silica particles and completely spherical particles, measured by the BET method, were 409 and 433 m(2)/g respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Oh
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Center for Ultramicrochemical Process System (CUPS), Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Escherichia coli offers a means for the rapid and economical production of recombinant proteins. These advantages, coupled with a wealth of biochemical and genetic knowledge, have enabled the production of such economically sensitive products as insulin and bovine growth hormone. Although significant progress has been made in transcription, translation and secretion, one of the major challenges is obtaining the product in a soluble and bioactive form. Recent progress in oxidative cytoplasmic folding and cell-free protein synthesis offers attractive alternatives to standard expression methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Swartz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA.
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Sergeev NV, Gloukhova NS, Nazimov IV, Gulyaev VA, Shvets SV, Donetsky IA, Miroshnikov AI. Monitoring of recombinant human insulin production by narrow-bore reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance capillary electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001; 907:131-44. [PMID: 11217019 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An analytical scheme for monitoring recombinant human insulin (rhI) production is suggested. The scheme includes high-performance separation micro-techniques (narrow-bore RP-HPLC, HPCE) based on different separation mechanisms and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight MS, and allows one to obtain unambiguous information about purity and primary structure of all intermediates of the rhI production. The use of this scheme at all production steps provided optimisation of certain technological parameters [conditions for a fusion protein (FP) refolding, temperature and duration of the FP cleavage with trypsin, conditions for carboxypeptidase B digestion of di-ArgB31-B32-insulin] and achievement of a high purity of the end-product. The proposed scheme may be used for solving various problems in monitoring production of other recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Sergeev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
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50
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Abstract
Displacement chromatography of proteins was successfully carried out in both hydrophobic interaction and reversed-phase chromatographic systems using low-molecular weight displacers. The displacers employed for hydrophobic displacement chromatography were water soluble, charged molecules containing several short alkyl and/or aryl groups. Spectroscopy was employed to verify the absence of structural changes to the proteins displaced on these hydrophobic supports. Displacement chromatography on a reversed-phase material was employed to purify a growth factor protein from its closely related variants, demonstrating the high resolutions that can be achieved by hydrophobic displacement chromatography. This process combines the high-resolution/high-throughput characteristics of displacement chromatography with the unique selectivity of these hydrophobic supports and offers the chromatographic engineer a powerful tool for the preparative purification of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shukla
- ICOS Corporation, 22021, 20th Avenue SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, USA
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