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Fries MR, Skoda MWA, Conzelmann NF, Jacobs RMJ, Maier R, Scheffczyk N, Zhang F, Schreiber F. Bulk phase behaviour vs interface adsorption: Effects of anions and isotopes on β-lactoglobulin (BLG) interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:430-443. [PMID: 33930747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Protein adsorption is highly relevant in numerous applications ranging from food processing to medical implants. In this context, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of protein-protein and protein-surface interactions. Thus, the focus of this investigation is on the interplay of bulk properties and surface properties on protein adsorption. It was hypothesised that the type of solvent and ions in solution should significantly influence the protein's bulk and interface behaviour, which has been observed in literature and previous work for other net negatively charged, globular proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). EXPERIMENTS The phase behaviour of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) with lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and iodide (LaI3) in normal water H2O(l) and heavy water (D2O(l)) was established via optical microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The formation of an adsorption layer and its properties such as thickness, density, structure, and hydration was investigated via neutron reflectivity, quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation, and infra-red measurements. FINDINGS β-lactoglobulin does not show significant anion-induced or isotope-induced effects - neither in bulk nor at the solid-liquid interface, which deviates strongly from the behaviour of bovine serum albumin. We also provide a comprehensive discussion and comparison of protein-specific bulk and interface behaviour between bovine serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin dependent on anion, cation, solvent, and substrate properties. These findings pave the way for understanding the transition from adsorption to crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R Fries
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maximilian W A Skoda
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
| | - Nina F Conzelmann
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Robert M J Jacobs
- Department for Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Ralph Maier
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Niels Scheffczyk
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Crowe CD, Keating CD. Liquid-liquid phase separation in artificial cells. Interface Focus 2018; 8:20180032. [PMID: 30443328 PMCID: PMC6227770 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biology is a recently appreciated means of intracellular compartmentalization. Because the mechanisms driving phase separations are grounded in physical interactions, they can be recreated within less complex systems consisting of only a few simple components, to serve as artificial microcompartments. Within these simple systems, the effect of compartmentalization and microenvironments upon biological reactions and processes can be studied. This review will explore several approaches to incorporating LLPS as artificial cytoplasms and in artificial cells, including both segregative and associative phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine D. Keating
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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3
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Baskir JN, Hatton TA, Suter UW. Protein partitioning in two-phase aqueous polymer systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 34:541-58. [PMID: 18588135 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260340414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Theories of protein partitioning in two-phase polymer systems which account for the effects of different aspects of system composition-such as the choice of materials, protein size, polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, salt concentration, and affinity ligands-are reviewed. Although the present models provide some information about specific aspects of partitioning, a comprehensive and fundamental theory which can be used to predict protein partitioning behavior has not yet been developed. Some recommendations for future work are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Baskir
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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4
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Design and technical evaluation of a conceptual process for transferring solvent precipitated asphaltenes into water utilising surfactant phase behaviour. Chem Eng Res Des 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Hansson UB, Wingren C. Separation of Antibodies by Liquid-Liquid Aqueous Partition and by Liquid-Liquid Partition Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/03602549809351640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Lesins V, Ruckenstein E. Control of the Interaction Potential for Improved Resolution in Potential Barrier Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01496398408068580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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De Ligny CL, Gelsema WJ. On the Influence of pH and Salt Composition on the Partition of Polyelectrolytes in Aqueous Polymer Two-Phase Systems. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01496398208068546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Albertsson PA. Interaction between biomolecules studied by phase partition. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 29:1-24. [PMID: 6855627 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110492.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Albertsson PA, Andersson B, Larsson C, Akerlund HE. Phase partition--a method for purification and analysis of cell organelles and membrane vesicles. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 28:115-50. [PMID: 6178942 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110485.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Anderson JM. Consequences of spatial separation of photosystem 1 and 2 in thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Shibusawa Y. Separation and retention of human blood cells by surface-affinity chromatography. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 49:683-703. [PMID: 11694311 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the surface-affinity chromatography of human peripheral blood cells on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) chemically bonded columns. The affinity of surface blood cells to bonded PEG and PPG stationary phases is apparently selective, and granulocytes and lymphocytes are more strongly retained on the column than erythrocytes and platelets. The retention factors of granulocytes and lymphocytes increased with increase in the hydrophobicities (Delta log K values) of PPG-agarose column packing beads. Hydrophobic interactions contributed to the retention of the blood cells on the PPG-bonded agarose columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shibusawa
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Latrache H, Bourlioux P, Karroua M, Zahir H, Hakkou A. Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of nitroxoline on the surface properties of Escherichia coli. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2001; 45:485-90. [PMID: 11501411 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxoline (5-nitro-8-quinolinol; NIQ) at subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) decreased the adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to catheter surface and significantly enhanced cell surface hydrophobicity. The surface hydrophobicity increased in the presence of sub-MIC of NIQ and also in an excess of Mg2+. The effect of NIQ on the cell surface was not related to the bacteriostatic effect of this agent. The increase in nitrogen and decrease in phosphate content in the cell surface was found in the presence of NIQ. NIQ did not inhibit the expression of fimbriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Latrache
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris XI, 92 296 Chátenay-Malabry, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi TANI
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Tamio KAMIDATE
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Hiroto WATANABE
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University
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Hansson UB, Wingren C, Alkner U. Conformational isomerism of IgG antibodies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1340:53-62. [PMID: 9217014 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(97)00028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine why apparently homogeneous IgG antibodies were, in some cases, fractionated into at least two components by liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC) in an aqueous two-phase system. Four mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies, two against albumin, one against IgG and one against thyroxine, were shown to adopt different conformational isomeric forms. The four antibodies existed in an equilibrium between two or three conformational forms, the proportion of which could also be estimated by LLPC. Since LLPC detects mainly conformational differences within the antigen-binding sites of IgG antibodies, it could be concluded that the conformational forms differed with respect to their combining sites. Moreover, the isomeric forms of an antibody directed against a protein antigen, formed antigen-antibody complexes with almost identical surface properties. In contrast, complexes with different surface properties were formed when the hapten or hapten conjugated to BSA was bound. Thus, both the conformational isomers could bind antigen, at least when the antigen was a small hapten or a hapten conjugated to a carrier protein. Our results suggest that six out of 57 monoclonal IgG antibodies exist in equilibrium between at least two conformational forms and the biological significance of this isomerism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U B Hansson
- Department of Biochemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
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15
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Wingren C, Hansson UB. Enzyme conformational alterations detected by partition column chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 680:113-22. [PMID: 8798888 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the ability of liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC) to detect conformational alterations occurring in well-characterized enzymes. The conformational changes induced in dehydrogenases such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) upon binding of ligand(s) were detectable by LLPC. The ligand-dependent equilibrium between two forms of citrate synthase (CS), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), hexokinase (HK) and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) could also be demonstrated. Furthermore, different conformational forms of some of the apoenzymes could also be detected and separated by LLPC. The results obtained here are discussed in relation to those obtained by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wingren
- Department of Biochemistry, Lund University, Sweden
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16
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Wingren C, Hansson UB, Magnusson CG, Ohlin M. Antigen-binding sites dominate the surface properties of IgG antibodies. Mol Immunol 1995; 32:819-27. [PMID: 7545785 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(95)00044-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new technique, liquid-liquid partition chromatography in an aqueous polyethylene glycol-dextran two-phase system, was used to detect differences in surface properties of antibodies with different antigen-binding sites. Employing well-characterized monoclonal IgG antibodies and Fab and Fc fragments thereof as well as chimeric IgG antibodies we found a remarkable relationship between structure of the antibody combining site and chromatographic behaviour. The surface properties of the IgG antibodies were dominated by those of its antigen-binding regions. In addition, our results indicated that the constant parts of the IgGs form similar scaffoldings, on to which CDRs of variable shapes and sizes are interspaced and constitute the major dominant differences in exposed surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wingren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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17
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Eiteman MA. The pH Difference in Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Citrate Aqueous Two-Phase Systems and the Influence of Sodium Chloride. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399508021398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Wingren C, Hansson UB. A new approach to examine conformational changes occurring upon binding of ligand by biomolecules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1244:209-15. [PMID: 7539294 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(95)00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid partition chromatography in an aqueous poly(ethylene glycol)/dextran two-phase system (LLPC) is shown to be a quick and sensitive method for detecting conformational changes occurring upon binding of ligands by biospecific molecules. Two groups of well-characterized proteins, enzymes and monoclonal antibodies, were employed. As an example, LLPC demonstrated that isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase as well as of hexokinase existed in a ligand-dependent equilibrium between two forms and that conformational changes occurred when monoclonal antibodies bound haptens. We also demonstrate that the method could be used to detect and separate subfractions in preparations of unliganded proteins that appeared to be homogeneous when analysed by other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wingren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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19
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Cohen LM, Eiteman MA, Gainer JL. A Model to Predict the Partition Coefficients of Amino Acids in PEG/Salt Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399508015835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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21
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Supports for liquid-liquid partition chromatography in aqueous two-phase systems: A comparison of LiChrospher and LiParGel. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Latrache H, Mozes N, Pelletier C, Bourlioux P. Chemical and physicochemical properties of Escherichia coli: variations among three strains and influence of culture conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7765(94)80017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Andreasen PA. Molecular mass of proteins and their partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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EITEMAN MARKA. Partitioning of Charged Solutes in Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Potassium Phosphate Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399408005603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Hensley CB, Mircheff AK. Complex subcellular distribution of sodium-dependent amino acid transport systems in kidney cortex and LLC-PK1/Cl4 cells. Kidney Int 1994; 45:110-22. [PMID: 8126999 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1994.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the amino acid transport system in basolateral membranes and to test for possible intracellular loci of amino acid transport activity, we surveyed the distribution of L-alanine transport activity in rabbit proximal tubular cells and LLC-PK1/Cl4 cells. A three-dimensional separation procedure based on differential sedimentation, density gradient centrifugation, and counter-current distribution resolved 21 physically and biochemically distinct membrane populations from rabbit cortex. Inhibition of L-alanine transport by phenylalanine and N-(methylamino)isobutyric acid was used to delineate parallel amino acid transport pathways. Population n was identified as brush border membranes by virtue of its 16-fold maltase enrichment; 94% of its Na(+)-dependent alanine transport activity was mediated by systems previously shown to be characteristic of brush border membranes. Two populations, c' and c", which accounted for 25% of the total Na,K-ATPase activity, were identified as basalateral membranes on the basis of Na,K-ATPase cumulative enrichment factors of 15 and 21; 82% of the total alanine transport in these populations was mediated by a Na(+)-independent system similar to the classical system L. Na,K-ATPase, Na(+)-independent and Na(+)-dependent alanine transport activities were associated with intracellular membrane populations as well as with the plasma membranes. The major intracellular locus of Na,K-ATPase activity, population i accounted for roughly 31% of the Na,K-ATPase, maximally enriched ninefold; it contained 29% of the total system L transport activity. Population l, which was identified as endoplasmic reticulum because it was the major locus of membrane-bound NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity, contained 44% of the total system A transport. Three distinct Golgi-derived populations, m', m", and o, accounted for 39% of the total system A transport. A survey of the amino acid transport systems in LLC-PK1/Cl4 cells showed that the majority of system A-mediated amino acid transport was present in membranes of intracellular and possibly apical origin. The presence of large intracellular pools of amino acid transport activities might reflect newly synthesized transport proteins, ongoing membrane recycling or, perhaps, intracellular reserves available for rapid recruitment to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Hensley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles
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26
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Wingren C, Hansson UB, Andersson K. Supports for liquid-liquid partition chromatography in aqueous two-phase systems: a comparison of Superdex and LiParGel. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85347-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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LaMarca C, Lenhoff AM, Dhurjati P. Partitioning of host and recombinant cells in aqueous two-phase polymer systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 1990; 36:484-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260360508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Hensley CB, Bradley ME, Mircheff AK. Subcellular distribution of Na+/H+ antiport activity in rat renal cortex. Kidney Int 1990; 37:707-16. [PMID: 2155341 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1990.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phase partitioning analyses of a brush border membrane preparation obtained with a divalent cation precipitation procedure (Am J Physiol 246:F853-F858, 1984) confirmed that Na+/H+ antiport activity was localized primarily to the brush border membrane of the rabbit proximal tubular epithelial cell. This analysis also indicated that antiport activity was associated with membrane populations that appeared to be derived from cytoplasmic structures. However, since the starting point of the analysis was a partially-purified brush border sample rather than a total membrane sample, it was not possible to discern the magnitude of the potential cytoplasmic pool of antiport activity. We have now used a three dimensional analytical fractionation procedure, based on differential centrifugation, equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, and partitioning in an aqueous polymer 2-phase system, to survey the subcellular distribution of Na/H antiport activity in rat kidney cortex. Roughly 53% of the recovered antiport activity could be assigned to a population of brush border membrane vesicles characterized by a 15-fold enrichment of maltase. An additional 26% of the recovered activity could be assigned to a group of three membrane populations whose biochemical characteristics appeared equally consistent with origins in distinct microdomains of the brush border membrane and with origins in microdomains of the Golgi complex involved in the assembly or recycling of brush border membrane constituents. Therefore, depending on the identities of membranes which contained the secondary pool of Na+/H+ antiport activity, no more than one-third of the total recoverable Na+/H+ antiport activity could be assigned to cytoplasmic membranes of the proximal tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Hensley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles
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29
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Hansson UB, Andersson K, Liu YX, Albertsson PA. Fractionation of immunoglobulins by liquid-liquid partition chromatography in aqueous two-phase systems. Anal Biochem 1989; 183:305-11. [PMID: 2483037 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we show that although immunoglobulins are easily precipitated in solutions containing polyethylene glycol (PEG), especially at pH's where the conformation of the proteins should be close to native, human and rabbit IgG can be solubilized in aqueous dextran/PEG two-phase systems containing glycine and sodium chloride at pH 7.0 and that human IgA and IgM can be solubilized in such systems if the pH is increased to 9.0. Liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC) on Li-ParGel was used to separate immunoglobulins into subfractions. Human IgG, IgM, and IgA all gave three peaks in the system used. These results indicate the possibility of separating different classes of immunoglobulins with this method. Specific IgG antibodies isolated from a rabbit antiserum against human serum proteins gave only two peaks in the LLPC system while the total IgG population gave three, as did human IgG. Thus, partitioning of immunoglobulins seems to be related to antibody activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U B Hansson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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31
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Lesins V, Ruckenstein E. Protein Coated Adsorbents for use in Potential Barrier Chromatography: Fouling Chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.5420040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Nguyen TD, Broyart JP, Ngu KT, Illescas A, Mircheff AK, Gray GM. Laterobasal membranes from intestinal epithelial cells: isolation free of intracellular membrane contaminants. J Membr Biol 1987; 98:197-205. [PMID: 3681952 DOI: 10.1007/bf01871183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A simplified method for isolating highly purified laterobasal membranes (LBM) from enterocytes is based on treatment of membranes with 8 mM CaCl2 concentration in order to aggregate intracellular membrane contaminants. The resultant LBM showed an average 15-fold enrichment and constituted 8% of the original K-stimulated phosphatase in the initial crude homogenate. It showed typical LBM migration on counter-current distribution (CCD) and was essentially free of contamination with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes. This method is highly efficient and yields sufficient purified LBM to allow comprehensive analysis of enterocyte membrane events.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gorski
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
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Influence of inoganic electrolytes on partitioning of non-ionic solutes in an aqueous dextran—poly(ethylene glycol) biphasic system. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Matsumoto U, Shibusawa Y. Surface affinity chromatographic separation of blood cells. V. Retention behaviour of human peripheral blood cells on poly(propylene glycol) bonded agarose columns and its relationship to surface hydrophobicities of the gel beads and the cells. J Chromatogr A 1986; 356:27-36. [PMID: 3711174 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycidyl ethers of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) 200, 400 or 950 were oxirane-coupled with several kinds of agarose bead as the bonded phase of packing materials. An eluent was composed of 0.09 M phosphate-buffered 2% (w/w) dextran T40 solution at pH of respective isoelectric points of human blood cells. A linear relationship was found between the retention volumes of platelets, granulocytes and lymphocytes on the PPG-agarose columns and a measure of surface hydrophobicities of the cells, delta log K values, which were determined by using hydrophobic affinity partition. Furthermore, the retention volumes of granulocytes and lymphocytes increased according to the increase of delta log K of PPG-agarose beads. The retention of these two cells must be due to the hydrophobic interaction with the bonded PPG phase.
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Hansen JC, Gorski J. Conformational and electrostatic properties of unoccupied and liganded estrogen receptors determined by aqueous two-phase partitioning. Biochemistry 1985; 24:6078-85. [PMID: 4084507 DOI: 10.1021/bi00343a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The technique of aqueous two-phase partitioning (ATPP) has been used to characterize conformational and electrostatic properties of unoccupied and liganded rat uterine estrogen receptors. The adaptation of the hydroxylapatite receptor assay with ATPP systems has permitted estrogen receptor (ER) partition coefficients to be accurately determined, even when the partitioning process results in significant loss of ER binding capacity. The pH and salt dependences of estrogen receptor partition coefficients indicate that the theory governing partitioning behavior can be accurately applied to partitioning data obtained with crude cytosols. This technique has revealed a ligand-induced change in the properties of the unoccupied receptor that precedes the process of heat-induced transformation in vitro. The difference in partitioning behavior between unoccupied and nontransformed estrogen receptor is observed in all combinations of buffers and salts tested and is of equal magnitude as the difference between partition coefficients of nontransformed and transformed ER. The partition coefficients of both unoccupied and nontransformed ER are constant over the ER concentration range in which binding cooperativity has been previously demonstrated. The combined effects of salt and pH on ER partition coefficients indicate a pI of approximately 5.5 for both unoccupied and nontransformed estrogen receptors. However, the partition coefficients at the pI differ. It is concluded that estradiol binding to its unoccupied receptor results in a change in surface properties of the ER monomer that is independent of receptor transformation and makes the receptor less hydrophobic.
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Abstract
Self-associations can be studied from the measurements of the partition of the self-associating solute between two immiscible liquids. The apparent partition coefficient, Kapp, is proportional to the ratio of the apparent weight fraction of monomer, fa, in each phase. If one assumes that the Adams-Fujita convention for the activity coefficients of the self-associating species applies, then fa is related to Mna and Mwa, the apparent values of the number and weight average molecular weights, respectively; and one can use previously developed methods to analyze the self-association. In order to use the method, one must make an independent study at the same temperature of one of the phases by an appropriate thermodynamic method, such as vapor pressure osmometry or sedimentation equilibrium. Then one can test the other phase for the type of self-association present and evaluate the equilibrium constant or constants (ki) and the nonideal term (BM1) from the partition data. One can also evaluate the partition coefficient (Kpar). From these measurements, one can obtain the free energy (delta G0) for the association in each phase and for the transfer between phases. Temperature-dependence studies will provide the enthalpy (delta H0) or entropy (delta S0) of self-association or transfer. This method should be quite useful for studying small molecules of biological importance.
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Abramowicz DA, Dismukes GC. Manganese proteins isolated from spinach thylakoid membranes and their role in O2 evolution. II. A binuclear manganese-containing 34 kilodalton protein, a probable component of the water dehydrogenase enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 765:318-28. [PMID: 6733089 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extraction conditions have been found which result in the retention of manganese to the 33-34 kDa protein, first isolated as an apoprotein by Kuwabara and Murata (Kuwabara, T. and Murata, N. (1979) Biochim. Biophys Acta 581, 228-236). By maintaining an oxidizing-solution potential, with hydrophilic and lipophilic redox buffers during protein extraction of spinach grana-thylakoid membranes, the 33-34 kDa protein is observed to bind a maximum of 2 Mn/protein which are not released by extended dialysis versus buffer. This manganese is a part of the pool of 4 Mn/Photosystem II normally associated with the oxygen-evolving complex. The mechanism for retention of Mn to the protein during isolation appears to be by suppression of chemical reduction of natively bound, high-valent Mn to the labile Mn(II) oxidation state. This protein is also present in stoichiometric levels in highly active, O2-evolving, detergent-extracted PS-II particles which contain 4-5 Mn/PS II. Conditions which result in the loss of Mn and O2 evolution activity from functional membranes, such as incubation in 1.5 mM NH2OH or in ascorbate plus dithionite, also release Mn from the protein. The protein exists as a monomer of 33 kDa by gel filtration and 34 kDa by gel electrophoresis, with an isoelectric point of 5.1 +/- 0.1. The protein exhibits an EPR spectrum only below 12 K which extends over at least 2000 G centered at g = 2 consisting of non-uniformly separated hyperfine transitions with average splitting of 45-55 G. The magnitude of this splitting is nominally one-half the splitting observed in monomeric manganese complexes having O or N donor ligands. This is apparently due to electronic coupling of the two 55Mn nuclei in a presumed binuclear site. Either a ferromagnetically coupled binuclear Mn2(III,III) site or an antiferromagnetically coupled mixed-valence Mn2(II,III) site are considered as possible oxidation states to account for the EPR spectrum. Qualitatively similar hyperfine structure splittings are observed in ferromagnetically coupled binuclear Mn complexes having even-spin ground states. The extreme temperature dependence suggests the population of low-lying excited states such as are present in weakly coupled dimers and higher clusters of Mn ions, or, possibly, from efficient spin relaxation such as occurs in the Mn(III) oxidation state. Either 1.5 mM NH2OH or incubation with reducing agents abolishes the low temperature EPR signal and releases two Mn(II) ions to solution. This is consistent with the presence of Mn(III) in the isolated protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Matsumoto U, Shibusawa Y, Tanaka Y. Surface affinity chromatographic separation of blood cells. III. Effect of molecular weight of polyethylene glycol bonded stationary phases on elution behaviour of human blood cells. J Chromatogr A 1983; 268:375-86. [PMID: 6643590 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The chromatographic behaviour of human peripheral blood cells on four kinds of oxirane-coupled polyethylene glycol (PEG)--Sepharose 6B columns was investigated by using an eluent containing 2% of dextran T40. The retention volumes of lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets at pH 7.5 have a strong dependence on the average molecular weight of the bonded PEG in the range 400-20,000, increasing with increasing molecular weight. Further, the same tendency for the retention behaviour was also observed at the isoelectric points determined for the four kinds of blood cells by using the cross-partition method. For lymphocytes and granulocytes hydrophobic interactions with the bonded PEG phase were found to be predominant, whereas for erythrocytes and platelets electrostatic interactions were also taken into account.
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Westrin H, Shanbhag VP, Albertsson PÅ. Isoelectric points of membrane surfaces of three spinach chloroplast classes determined by cross-partition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Intestinal surface aminooligopeptidase. Distinct molecular forms during assembly on intracellular membranes in vivo. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)81990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mestechkina NM, Miheeva LM, Rogozhin SV. Physico-chemical factors governing partition behaviour of solutes and particles in aqueous polymeric biphasic systems. III. Features of solutes and biological particles detected by the partition technique. J Chromatogr A 1983; 256:49-59. [PMID: 6833415 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The partition behaviour of human serum albumin and oxyhaemoglobin and several amino acids and small peptides was studied in the aqueous Ficoll-dextran biphasic system as a function of the ionic composition and pH. The partition coefficients of the solutes were expressed in terms of the equivalent number of CH2 groups, nCH2, and the equivalent number of carboxyl groups, m. The physical meaning of these two parameters and of the relationships found between them and pH for the proteins examined are discussed. A correlation was established between the difference in the relative hydrophobicities of the individual phases of various water-organic solvent systems and the interfacial tension, gamma 12, of the systems. It is argued that a relation of a similar type exists for the aqueous polymeric biphasic systems. The possibility of estimating the relative intensity of Van der Waals and hydration interactions of a solute and particle surface by examination of their partitioning in a biphasic system calibrated for the hydrophobic and hydration properties of the phases is discussed.
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Pomazanov VV, Kalinin YT, Sakodynsky KI, Khramov EN, Kononova OA. A new multidimensional chromatographic technique: Liquid chromatography with a multiphase eluent. Chromatographia 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02258939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Andreasen PA. Changes in net charge of glucocorticoid receptors by activation, and evidence for a biphasic activation kinetics. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1982; 28:563-86. [PMID: 6185376 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(82)90147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of glucocorticoid receptor activation and the changes in molecular properties of the receptors by the activation were studied, employing aqueous two-phase partitioning of rat thymocyte, rat liver and mouse S49.1 lymphoma cell cytosol labelled with tritiated glucocorticoid. By a mathematical analysis of the time-course of the receptor partition coefficient during activation, we demonstrate that at least two different receptor conversions take place during this process. Partitionings at conditions excluding receptor aggregation allowed an evaluation of differences in net charge between activated and non-activated forms of native and chymotrypsin-treated receptors. The net charge of the chymotrypsinized receptor changes little by the activation, being between 0 and -10 at pH 8 both in the non-activated and the activated state. In contrast, the activation changes the net charge of the native receptor from around -50 to around -10.
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Henry LEA, Møller BL, Andersson B, Åkerlund HE. Reactivation of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in tris-inactivated inside-out photosystem II vesicles from spinach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02904381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Andersson B, Anderson JM, Ryrie IJ. Transbilayer organization of the chlorophyll-proteins of spinach thylakoids. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 123:465-72. [PMID: 6176447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb19790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the transverse bilayer organization of the chlorophyll-proteins of the three intrinsic chlorophyll-protein complexes, the effects of proteolytic enzymes, and an antibody against the light-harvesting complex were compared using right-side-out and inside-out thylakoid vesicles. The vesicles were isolated by aqueous polymer phase partitioning following the fragmentation of spinach thylakoids by passage through a Yeda press. Both vesicle types were agglutinated by an antiserum specific for the light-harvesting complex, although proteolytic degradation of the complex occurred only in right-side-out vesicles. In addition, there are different antigenic sites for the light-harvesting complex on the inner and outer thylakoid surfaces. Polypeptides of the chlorophyll-alpha-protein complex of photosystem II were degraded by proteases at both membrane surfaces. We concluded that both these chlorophyll-protein complexes are membrane spanning and transversely asymmetric, but that the light-harvesting complex polypeptides accessible at the inner thylakoid surface are more resistant to proteolytic attack. In contrast, the main chlorophyll-containing polypeptide (Mr = 64 500) of photosystem I complex was resistant to proteolytic attack at both the outer and inner thylakoid surfaces.
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Zaslavsky B, Miheeva L, Mestechkina N, Rogozhin S. Physico-chemical factors governing partition behaviour of solutes and particles in aqueous polymeric biphasic systems. J Chromatogr A 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mattiasson B, Ramstorp M, Ling TG. Partition affinity ligand assay (PALA): applications in the analysis of haptens, macromolecules, and cells. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1982; 28:117-47. [PMID: 6765016 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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50
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Müller W, Eigel A. DNA fractionation by two-phase partition with aid of a base-specific macroligand. Anal Biochem 1981; 118:269-77. [PMID: 6175247 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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