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Fan P, Cao Z, Zhang S, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Jia W, Zhang P, Huang S. Nanopore analysis of cis-diols in fruits. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1969. [PMID: 38443434 PMCID: PMC10915164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural fruits contain a large variety of cis-diols. However, due to the lack of a high-resolution sensor that can simultaneously identify all cis-diols without a need of complex sample pretreatment, direct and rapid analysis of fruits in a hand-held device has never been previously reported. Nanopore, a versatile single molecule sensor, can be specially engineered to perform this task. A hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore modified with a sole phenylboronic acid (PBA) adapter is prepared. This engineered MspA accurately recognizes 1,2-diphenols, alditols, α-hydroxy acids and saccharides in prune, grape, lemon, different varieties of kiwifruits and commercial juice products. Assisted with a custom machine learning program, an accuracy of 99.3% is reported and the sample pretreatment is significantly simplified. Enantiomers such as DL-malic acids can also be directly identified, enabling sensing of synthetic food additives. Though demonstrated with fruits, these results suggest wide applications of nanopore in food and drug administration uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus, 215163, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Panke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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Urdiain-Arraiza J, Desguin B. Versatile capillary electrophoresis method for the direct chiral separation of aliphatic and aromatic α-hydroxy acids, β-hydroxy acids and polyhydroxy acids using vancomycin as chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464611. [PMID: 38181629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxy acids (HAs) are ubiquitous in nature and play significant roles in various industrial and biological processes. Most HAs harbor at least one chiral center, therefore the development of efficient chiral analysis techniques for HA stereoisomers is of crucial importance across a wide range of fields. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the chiral analysis and quantification of aliphatic and aromatic α‑hydroxy acid (AHA) enantiomers, aliphatic β‑hydroxy acid (BHA) enantiomers and aliphatic polyhydroxy acid (PHA) stereoisomers. Using a modified partial filling-counter current method with indirect UV detection, high resolution (Rs) was achieved with vancomycin as a chiral selector added to the background electrolyte composed of 10 mM of benzoic acid/L-histidine at pH 5 using a polyacrylamide-coated capillary. This method could be readily applied to the determination of the enantiomers of 12 aliphatic AHAs, 4 aromatic AHAs, 3 aliphatic BHAs, as well as to the determination of the stereoisomers of tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanoic acid, and 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid without the need for sample derivatization. Finally, our study provides a robust and versatile strategy for the chiral and stereoselective analysis of a broad range of hydroxy acid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Urdiain-Arraiza
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benoît Desguin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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3
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Chen H, Hu K, Liang Y, Gao Y, Zeng C, Xu K, Shi X, Li L, Yin Y, Qiao Y, Qiu Y, Liu Q, Wang Z. Ample dietary fat reduced the risk of primary vesical calculi by inducing macrophages to engulf budding crystals in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:747-758. [PMID: 35256944 PMCID: PMC8897024 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although primary vesical calculi is an ancient disease, the mechanism of calculi formation remains unclear. In this study, we established a novel primary vesical calculi model with d,l-choline tartrate in mice. Compared with commonly used melamine and ethylene glycol models, our model was the only approach that induced vesical calculi without causing kidney injury. Previous studies suggest that proteins in the daily diet are the main contributors to the prevention of vesical calculi, yet the effect of fat is overlooked. To assay the relationship of dietary fat with the formation of primary vesical calculi, d,l-choline tartrate-treated mice were fed a high-fat, low-fat, or normal-fat diet. Genetic changes in the mouse bladder were detected with transcriptome analysis. A high-fat diet remarkably reduced the morbidity of primary vesical calculi. Higher fatty acid levels in serum and urine were observed in the high-fat diet group, and more intact epithelia in bladder were observed in the same group compared with the normal- and low-fat diet groups, suggesting the protective effect of fatty acids on bladder epithelia to maintain its normal histological structure. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the macrophage differentiation-related gene C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 14 (Cxcl14) was upregulated in the bladders of high-fat diet-fed mice compared with those of normal- or low-fat diet-fed mice, which was consistent with histological observations. The expression of CXCL14 significantly increased in the bladder in the high-fat diet group. CXCL14 enhanced the recruitment of macrophages to the crystal nucleus and induced the transformation of M2 macrophages, which led to phagocytosis of budding crystals and prevented accumulation of calculi. In human bladder epithelia (HCV-29) cells, high fatty acid supplementation significantly increased the expression of CXCL14. Dietary fat is essential for the maintenance of physiological functions of the bladder and for the prevention of primary vesical calculi, which provides new ideas for the reduction of morbidity of primary vesical calculi.
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Gundert‐Remy U, Husøy T, Mennes W, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Boon P, Tobback P, Wright M, Aguilera J, Rincon AM, Tard A, Moldeus P. Re-evaluation of l(+)-tartaric acid (E 334), sodium tartrates (E 335), potassium tartrates (E 336), potassium sodium tartrate (E 337) and calcium tartrate (E 354) as food additives. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06030. [PMID: 32874248 PMCID: PMC7448015 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provides a scientific opinion on tartaric acid-tartrates (E 334-337, 354) when used as food additives. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1990 established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, for l(+)-tartaric acid and its potassium and sodium salts. The metabolism of l(+)-tartaric acid and its potassium sodium salt was shown to be species dependent, with a greater absorption in rats than in humans. No toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity, were observed in toxicological studies in which the l(+)-form was tested. There was no indication for a genotoxic potential of tartaric acid and its sodium and potassium salts. In a chronic study in rats, no indication for carcinogenicity of monosodium l(+)-tartrate was reported at the highest dose tested (3,100 mg/kg bw per day). The available studies for maternal or developmental toxicity did not report any relevant effects; no studies for reproductive toxicity were available; however, no effects on reproductive organs were observed in the chronic toxicity study. The Panel concluded that the data on systemic availability were robust enough to derive a chemical-specific uncertainty factor instead of the usual default uncertainty factor of 100. A total uncertainty factor of 10 was derived by applying a total interspecies uncertainty factor of 1 instead of 10, based on data showing lower internal exposure in humans compared to rats. The Panel established a group ADI for l(+)-tartaric acid-tartrates (E 334-337 and E 354) of 240 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as tartaric acid, by applying the total uncertainty factor of 10 to the reference point of 3,100 mg sodium tartrate/kg bw per day, approximately to 2,440 mg tartaric acid/kg bw per day. The exposure estimates for the different population groups for the refined non-brand-loyal exposure scenario did not exceed the group ADI of 240 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as tartaric acid. Some recommendations were made by the Panel.
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Lloyd AJ, Willis ND, Wilson T, Zubair H, Chambers E, Garcia-Perez I, Xie L, Tailliart K, Beckmann M, Mathers JC, Draper J. Addressing the pitfalls when designing intervention studies to discover and validate biomarkers of habitual dietary intake. Metabolomics 2019; 15:72. [PMID: 31049735 PMCID: PMC6497620 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary exposure monitoring within populations is reliant on self-reported measures such as Food Frequency Questionnaires and diet diaries. These methods often contain inaccurate information due to participant misreporting, non-compliance and bias. Urinary metabolites derived from individual foods could provide additional objective indicators of dietary exposure. For biomarker approaches to have utility it is essential that they cover a wide-range of commonly consumed foods and the methodology works in a real-world environment. OBJECTIVES To test that the methodology works in a real-world environment and to consider the impact of the major sources of likely variance; particularly complex meals, different food formulations, processing and cooking methods, as well as the dynamics of biomarker duration in the body. METHODS We designed and tested a dietary exposure biomarker discovery and validation strategy based on a food intervention study involving free-living individuals preparing meals and collecting urine samples at home. Two experimental periods were built around three consecutive day menu plans where all foods and drinks were provided (n = 15 and n = 36). RESULTS The experimental design was validated by confirming known consumption biomarkers in urinary samples after the first menu plan. We tested biomarker performance with different food formulations and processing methods involving meat, wholegrain, fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that spot urine samples, together with robust dietary biomarkers, despite major sources of variance, could be used successfully for dietary exposure monitoring in large epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - N D Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - T Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - H Zubair
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - E Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - I Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - L Xie
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - K Tailliart
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - M Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - J C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.
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Xuan J, Feng Y. Enantiomeric Tartaric Acid Production Using cis-Epoxysuccinate Hydrolase: History and Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050903. [PMID: 30841503 PMCID: PMC6429283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tartaric acid is an important chiral chemical building block with broad industrial and scientific applications. The enantioselective synthesis of l(+)- and d(−)-tartaric acids has been successfully achieved using bacteria presenting cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH) activity, while the catalytic mechanisms of CESHs were not elucidated clearly until very recently. As biocatalysts, CESHs are unique epoxide hydrolases because their substrate is a small, mirror-symmetric, highly hydrophilic molecule, and their products show very high enantiomeric purity with nearly 100% enantiomeric excess. In this paper, we review over forty years of the history, process and mechanism studies of CESHs as well as our perspective on the future research and applications of CESH in enantiomeric tartaric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xuan
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yingang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
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7
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Zhu X, Liu X, Lan P, Wang D, Zhang Q, Li W, Lu P. Anomalous circular dichroism in high harmonic generation of stereoisomers with two chiral centers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:24824-24835. [PMID: 27828424 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.024824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When a molecule has more than one chiral center, it can be either a chiral molecule or a meso isomer. High harmonic generation (HHG) of stereoisomers with two chiral centers driven by circularly polarized (CP) laser pulses is investigated. Counterintuitively, it is found that the HHG exhibits prominent circular dichroism for the meso isomer, while the harmonic spectra with left and right CP laser pulses are nearly the same for the chiral isomers. We show that the anomalous circular dichroism is attributed to the characteristic recollision dynamics of HHG. This feature makes the HHG a promising tool to discriminate the meso isomer and racemic mixture, where no optical activity can be found in both cases. Similar dichroism responses are also found by applying the counter-rotating bicircular laser pulses.
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8
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Enantioseparation of Tartaric and Malic Acids in Wines by Ligand Exchange Capillary Electrophoresis Using Uncoated Fused Silica Capillary. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Zhao W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Chen A. Determination of Cinchona Alkaloids by Capillary Electrophoresis with Novel Complex Formation. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1089258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Su Y, Mu X, Qi L. A new chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis system based on Zn(ii)–l-leucine complexes coordinating with β-cyclodextrin and its application in screening tyrosinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Kumar R, Bhushan R. Indirect chiral ligand exchange chromatography for enantioseparation: a modification of conventional techniques. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Tang K, Wu G, Zhang P, Liu J. Experimental and Model Study on Enantioselective Reactive Extraction of 2-chlorophenylglycine Enantiomers with BINAP-Metal Complexes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.836670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Knob R, Petr J, Ševčík J, Maier V. Enantioseparation of tartaric acid by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using contactless conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3426-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radim Knob
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Faculty of Science; Palacky University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Faculty of Science; Palacky University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Ševčík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Faculty of Science; Palacky University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Maier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Faculty of Science; Palacky University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
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14
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Tang K, Wu G, Zhang P, Zhou C, Liu J. Experimental and model study on enantioselective reactive extraction of p-hydroxyphenylglycine enantiomers with metal phosphine complexes. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Kodama S, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Yamamoto A, Honda Y, Suzuki K, Kemmei T, Hayakawa K. Determination of α-hydroxy acids and their enantiomers in fruit juices by ligand exchange CE with a dual central metal ion system. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1327-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health; Nakataikoyama, Imizu; Toyama; Japan
| | - Sen-ichi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; University of Toyama; Gofuku; Toyama; Japan
| | - Atsushi Taga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka; Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Chubu University; Kasugai-shi; Aichi; Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honda
- GL Sciences Inc., Fukushima Factory; Okajima; Fukushima; Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- GL Sciences Inc., Fukushima Factory; Okajima; Fukushima; Japan
| | - Tomoko Kemmei
- Toyama Institute of Health; Nakataikoyama, Imizu; Toyama; Japan
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa; Japan
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16
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Zhang H, Qi L, Mu X, Zhou X, Li D, Mao L. Influence of ionic liquids as electrolyte additives on chiral separation of dansylated amino acids by using Zn(II) complex mediated chiral ligand exchange CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:886-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Shantou University; Guangdong; P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shantou University; Guangdong; P. R. China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; P. R. China
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17
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Zhang H, Qi L, Mao L, Chen Y. Chiral separation using capillary electromigration techniques based on ligand exchange principle. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1236-48. [PMID: 22733505 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, researchers have developed diverse chiral separation methods emerged from a few chiral separation principles. This review article is primarily focused on the application of chiral ligand-exchange (CLE) principle in capillary electromigration techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). First, the most commonly used CLE-CZE separation mode by using different kinds of central ions, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), borate ion, and other metal ions, has been introduced. Meanwhile, several kinds of surfactants have been applied as the micelle-forming agents in the CLE micellar electrokinetic chromatography mode. The highlight of recent research of CLE-CEC is the exploitation of novel columns for chiral separation. Then, two kinds of capillary columns, packed capillary and monolithic capillary column, have been briefly described. Finally, the effective application of these chiral separation methods has been presented, including the application in life science and food analysis area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Aizawa SI, Honda Y, Suzuki K, Kemmei T, Taga A. Enantioseparation of α-hydroxy acids by chiral ligand exchange CE with a dual central metal ion system. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2920-4. [PMID: 22930546 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using two kinds of central metal ions in a background electrolyte, ligand exchange CE was investigated for the simultaneous enantioseparation of dl-malic, dl-tartaric, and dl-isocitric acids. Ligand exchange CE with 100 mM d-quinic acid as a chiral selector ligand and 10 mM Cu(II) ion as a central metal ion could enantioseparate dl-tartaric acid but not dl-malic acid or dl-isocitric acid. A dual central metal ion system containing 0.5 mM Al(III) ion in addition to 10 mM Cu(II) ion in the background electrolyte enabled the simultaneous enantioseparation of the three α-hydroxy acids. These results suggest that the use of a dual central metal ion system can be useful for enantioseparation by ligand exchange CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
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19
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Mu X, Qi L, Shen Y, Zhang H, Qiao J, Ma H. A novel chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis system with amino acid ionic liquid as ligand and its application in screening D-amino-acid oxidase inhibitors. Analyst 2012; 137:4235-40. [PMID: 22858807 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel amino acid ionic liquid (AAIL) with L-ornithine (L-Orn) as anion was successfully synthesized, and subsequently applied as an available chiral ligand coordinated with Zn(II) in a chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (CLE-CE) system for the enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids (Dns-D,L-AAs). The influence of key parameters, such as buffer pH, concentration ratio of Zn(II) to ligand and complex concentration, was investigated in detail. Eleven pairs of Dns-D,L-AAs enantiomers were baseline separated and three pairs were partly separated under the optimum conditions. For exploring its potential application, the quantitative features of this proposed method were studied. Good linearity (r(2) = 0.999) and favorable repeatability (RSD ≤ 3.4%) were obtained by using Dns-D,L-Met as the test analyte. Finally, this method was employed to investigate the inhibition efficiency of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitors, which may pave a new way for the high-throughput screening of enzyme inhibitors and relevant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Mu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Schmid MG. Chiral metal-ion complexes for enantioseparation by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography: a selective review. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:10-6. [PMID: 22897866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an overview about chiral separation by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography using different chiral metal-ion complexes. The topic enantioseparation is still of big interest for chiral drugs and natural compounds. Regarding chiral drugs it is often the case that the enantiomers differ in activity. The chiral separation principle of ligand-exchange (LE) can be enabled for liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis as well as for capillary electrochromatography. Ligand-exchange can be applied particularly for chiral amino acids, amino alcohols or α-hydroxy acids. Examples and applications are given along with the latest developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Schmid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.
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21
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Aizawa SI, Kodama S. Mechanism of change in enantiomer migration order of enantioseparation of tartaric acid by ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis with Cu(II) and Ni(II)-D-quinic acid systems. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:523-7. [PMID: 22287180 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of change in the enantiomer migration order (EMO) of tartarate on ligand exchange CE with Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-D-quinic acid systems was investigated thoroughly by circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry. The (13) C NMR spectra of solutions containing D-quinate (pH 5.0) with Cu(II) or Ni(II) revealed the coordination of carboxylate and hydroxyl groups on D-quinate. The D-quinic acid concentration dependence of the CD spectra at a fixed Cu(II) concentration at pH 5.0 indicates that the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 Cu(II)-D-quinate complexes were formed with an increase in the concentration of D-quinic acid. The CD spectral behavior revealed that D-tartarate is selectively coordinated to the 1:1 complex to give the 1:1:1 Cu(II)-D-quinate-D-tartarate ternary complex while L-tartarate is selectively bound to the 1:2 and 1:3 complexes to form the 1:2:1 ternary complex. In the Ni(II)-D-quinic acid system, it became apparent that the 1:2 Ni(II)-D-quinate complex is mainly formed in the wide range of D-quinic acid concentration at pH 5.0 and D-tartarate is selectively coordinated to the 1:2 complex to form the 1:2:1 ternary complex. The change in EMO of tartarate on ligand exchange CE was explainable by the change in coordination selectivity for D- and L-tartarates in the Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-D-quinic acid systems depending on the compositions of the complexes formed in BGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Ichi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
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22
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The study of solution equilibria in chiral capillary electrophoresis by the ligand-exchange mechanism. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Kodama S, Taga A, Yamamoto A, Ito Y, Honda Y, Suzuki K, Yamashita T, Kemmei T, Aizawa SI. Enantioseparation of DL-isocitric acid by a chiral ligand exchange CE with Ni(II)-D-quinic acid system. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3586-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Kodama S, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Yamashita T, Kemmei T, Suzuki K, Honda Y, Yamamoto A. Metal(II)-ligand molar ratio dependence of enantioseparation of tartaric acid by ligand exchange CE with Cu(II) and Ni(II)-D-quinic acid systems. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1051-4. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Li X, Xu T, Lu H, Ma X, Kai L, Guo K, Zhao Y. Purification and characterization of a cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase from Bordetella sp. strain 1–3. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Qi L, Qiao J, Yang G, Chen Y. Chiral ligand-exchange CE assays for separation of amino acid enantiomers and determination of enzyme kinetic constant. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2266-72. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Aït Adoubel A, Morin CJ, Mofaddel N, Dupas G, Desbène PL. Enantioseparation of underivatised amino acids by ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis in a counter-electroosmotic mode. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:597-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Qi L, Chen Y, Xie M, Guo Z, Wang X. Separation of dansylated amino acid enantiomers by chiral ligand-exchange CE with a zinc(II) L-arginine complex as the selecting system. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4277-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Li X, Xu T, Ma X, Guo K, Kai L, Zhao Y, Jia X, Ma Y. Optimization of culture conditions for production of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase using response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5391-5396. [PMID: 18083551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology, which allows for rapid identification of important factors and optimization of them to enhance enzyme production, was employed here to optimize culture conditions for the production of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase from Bordetella sp. strain 1-3. In the first step, a Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of nine variables (yeast extract, cis-epoxysuccinic acid, KH(2)PO(4), K(2)HPO(4).3H(2)O, MgSO(4).7H(2)O, trace minerals solution, culture volume, initial pH and incubation time) on the enzyme production. Yeast extract, cis-epoxysuccinic acid and KH(2)PO(4) had significant influences on cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production and their concentrations were further optimized using central composite design and response surface analysis. A combination of adjusting the concentration of yeast extract to 7.8 g/l, cis-epoxysuccinic acid to 9.8 g/l, and KH(2)PO(4) to 1.12 g/l would favor maximum cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production. An enhancement of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production from 5.6 U/ml to 9.27 U/ml was gained after optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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30
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Hödl H, Schmid MG, Gübitz G. Chiral separation of amino acids and glycyl dipeptides by chiral ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis comparing Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of three different sugar acids. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:210-8. [PMID: 18571185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with comparative studies on the use of copper(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of d-gluconic acid, d-saccharic acid and l-threonic acid as chiral selectors for the enantioseparation of aromatic amino acids and glycyl dipeptides using the principle of ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis. Although copper(II) is the most frequently used central ion in ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis, in the case of d-gluconic acid cobalt(II) was shown to be an alternative for the enantioseparation of amino acids. Glycyl dipeptides, however, were resolved only with copper(II) complexes. Zn(II) as a central ion was not effective in all cases and with Ni(II) only some partial separations were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Hödl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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31
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Qi L, Liu M, Guo Z, Xie M, Qiu C, Chen Y. Assay of aromatic amino acid enantiomers in rice-brewed suspensions by chiral ligand-exchange CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4150-5. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Aizawa SI, Yamamoto A, Kodama S. Mechanism of enantioseparation ofDL-pantothenic acid in ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis using a diol–borate system. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:880-6. [PMID: 16421940 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Borate complexes formed in the ternary system at pH 9.2 containing borate, (S)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol (SAP), and DL-pantothenic acid (DL-PTA) were identified by 13C and 11B NMR, and it is confirmed that the binary complexes, [B(OH)2(SAP)], [B(SAP)2]+ [B(OH)2(D- or L-PTA)]2-, and [B(D- or L-PTA)2]3- (including [B(D-PTA)(L-PTA)]3-), and the ternary complexes, [B(SAP)(D- or L-PTA)]-, coexist at equilibrium in the ternary system. Thermodynamic experiments by variable-temperature 11B NMR revealed that the ternary complex, [B(SAP)(D-PTA)]-, is entropically more stable than [B(SAP)(L-PTA)]-. Because two geometrical isomers are possible for the respective ternary complexes, semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations were performed by PM5, PM3, and AM1 methods in order to obtain the optimized structures. It is indicated from the calculated heats of formation and experimentally obtained thermodynamic parameters that the (S)-isomer is more probable for the respective ternary complexes with D- and L-PTA. In the optimized structure of (S)-[B(SAP)(D-PTA)]- in water, the SAP and D-PTA ligands were oppositely oriented to form a rather linear structure, while the diastereomer, (S)-[B(SAP)(L-PTA)]-, had a folded structure. Because such a difference in the solvated structure of the ternary complexes can give a different electrophoretic velocity in CE, the enantioseparation of DL-PTA in CE is reasonably attributed to a difference in the observed electrophoretic mobility for the equilibrated ternary systems containing the respective ternary complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-ichi Aizawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
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Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Iio R, Aizawa SI, Nakagomi K, Hayakawa K. Chiral ligand exchange micellar electrokinetic chromatography using borate anion as a central ion. Electrophoresis 2006; 26:3884-9. [PMID: 16167312 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three compounds having 1,2-diol structure (1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, 3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol, and 3-benzyloxy-1,2-propanediol) were enantioseparated by ligand exchange MEKC using (5S)-pinanediol (SPD) as a chiral selector and borate anion as a central ion together with SDS. When (S)-1,2-propanediol, (S)-1,2,4-butanetriol, or (S)-3-tert-butylamino-1,2-propanediol were used as the chiral ligand instead of SPD, these three compounds were not enantioseparated. When borate was replaced with 2-aminoethane-1-sulfonate or N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonate, no chiral separation was achieved. Therefore, the hydrophobic interaction between the chiral selector and the chiral analytes within the transient diastereomeric complex may play an important role in the enantioseparation achieved by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, Kosugi-machi, Toyama, Japan.
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Koidl J, Hödl H, Schmid MG, Pantcheva S, Pajpanova T, Gübitz G. Chiral separation of halogenated amino acids by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3878-83. [PMID: 16217828 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation of halogenated amino acids by ligand-exchange CE is described. Halogenated amino acids attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their physiological activities. Different chiral selectors, as there are L-4-hydroxyproline, L-histidine, and N-alkyl derivatives of L-4-hydroxyproline in form of their copper(II) complexes, are compared for their chiral recognition ability for halogenated amino acids. The influence of various parameters, such as selector concentration, pH, organic modifier, and field strength, on the resolution was investigated. All halogenated amino acids investigated were baseline-separated under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Koidl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
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Castañeda G, Rodríguez-Flores J, Ríos A. Analytical approaches to expanding the use of capillary electrophoresis in routine food analysis. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:915-24. [PMID: 16013817 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is becoming an ever more powerful analytical technique for the separation, identification, and quantification of a wide variety of compounds of interest in many application fields. Particularly in food analysis this technique can offer interesting advantages over chromatographic techniques because of its greater simplicity and efficiency. Nevertheless, CE needs to advance with regard to compatibility with sample matrices, sensitivity, and robustness of the methodologies in order to gain even wider acceptance in food analysis laboratories, specially for routine work. This article presents various approaches to expanding the analytical usefulness of CE in food analysis, discussing their advantages over conventional CE. These approaches focus on sample screening, automated sample preparation with on-line CE arrangements, and the automatic integration of calibration in routine analytical work with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Castañeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla--La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 10, E-13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Recent advances in chiral separation principles in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2005; 25:3981-96. [PMID: 15597419 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in chiral separation in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) covering literature published since the year 2000. New chiral selectors and innovative approaches for CE and CEC are introduced. Recent progress in column technology for CEC is highlighted and the development of new chiral stationary phases is discussed. This review is not dedicated to list applications but will focus on new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Gübitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Pharm. Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.
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Chuang SC, Chang CY, Liu CY. Polystyrene monolithic column functionalized with copper-iminodiacetate complex as a stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1044:229-36. [PMID: 15354442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer functionalized with copper-iminodiacetate complex was prepared in situ for the capillary electrochromatographic separation of amino acids and oligopeptides. The steps included silanization of the fused-silica capillary column, functionalization, polymerization, hydrolysis and complexation. For having a homogeneous polymerization system in the selected porogen, the functional monomer was obtained from the reaction of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and diethyl iminodiacetate. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the polymeric monolith column was an open tubular column with a thickness of 0.3 microm. Various modes of hydrolysis were investigated via the electroosmatic flow measurement to find the optimization condition prior to introducing the copper ion. The influence of pH, composition and concentration of mobile phase as well as the organic modifier were investigated. Judging from our results, the recognition performance of the prepared stationary phase might be integrated from the mechanisms of ligand exchange, electrophoretic mobility, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Chun Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Cucinotta V, Giuffrida A, Maccarrone G, Messina M, Puglisi A, Rizzarelli E, Vecchio G. Coordination properties of 3-functionalized β-cyclodextrins. Thermodynamic stereoselectivity of copper(ii) complexes of the A,B-diamino derivative and its exploitation in LECE. Dalton Trans 2005:2731-6. [PMID: 16075113 DOI: 10.1039/b506080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bis-amino AB derivative of beta-cyclodextrin on the secondary rim was synthesised and spectroscopically characterised by different techniques. Its binary systems both with protons and copper(II) were thermodynamically characterised by pH-metric potentiometry. In addition the ternary systems with each of the enantiomers of tryptophan and alanine were investigated. A thermodynamic stereoselectivity was observed for the tryptophan enantiomers and this was exploited to separate them by capillary electrophoresis through a ligand exchange mechanism (LECE). LECE separation of racemates of phenylalanine and tyrosine was also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Current awareness in flavour and fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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