Tobacco chemistry. II. Analysis of the gas phase of tobacco smoke by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Induction of sister chromatid exchange by 3,4-expoxybutane-1,2-diol in cultured human lymphocytes of different GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes

The induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by a 48-h treatment with 3,4-epoxybutane-1,2-diol (EBD), a metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, was studied in whole-blood lymphocyte cultures of 22 human donors with known genotypes of two polymorphic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), GSTT1 and GSTM1. For both genes, donors representing a homozygous 'null' genotype lacking the respective GST gene and isozyme and a 'positive' genotype with at least one intact gene and GST activity were included. The mean frequencies of SCE/cell were similar in all genotype groups: GSTT1 null (n = 10) (mean 22.0 for 250 microM and 32.9 for 500 [corrected] microM of EBD), GSTT1 positive (n = 14) (21.3 and 34.6, respectively), GSTM1 null (n = 10) (20.3 and 33.5) and GSTM1 positive donors (n = 15) (20.6 and 34.8). At 500 microM concentration of EBD, the lymphocyte cultures of all donors showed a significantly decreased replication index. No differences in EDB-induced SCEs or in replication index could be associated with the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes either separately or in combination. When SCE induction by EBD was compared to that of two other known epoxide metabolites of butadiene, 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) was effective at concentrations over two orders of magnitude lower than EBD or 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (MEB). It is concluded that EBD is an efficient inducer of SEC in cultured human lymphocytes, although not quite as effective as MEB and clearly less effective than DEB. Contrary to previous findings with DEB and MEB, the polymorphic GSTM1 and GSTT1 do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of EBD in human lymphocytes.

Gas chromatography of sample monocarbonyls in cigarette whole smoke as the benzyloxyamine derivatives

A qualitative and semi-quantitative method was established for the investigation of low-molecular-weight volatile carbonyl compounds in cigarette whole smoke. The carbonyls were trapped on a silica gel "column" and eluted with water. The aqueous solution was then treated with benzyloxyamine to form the corresponding oximes, which were then separated on a short (12 m) FFAP glass-capillary gas chromatographic column with temperature programming, and detected by a nitrogen selective detector. An internal standard was added both as a reference for retention time determinations, and as an aid in estimating the amounts of the individual carbonyls in the smoke samples.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric evaluation of exhaled tobacco smoke

The impact of cigarette smoking on the distribution of organic substances in ambient air has been determined for the intermediate volatility range. A simple sampling procedure was employed, involving gas-solid adsorption onto an organic polymer followed by direct thermal elution onto a glass capillary column. Aliphatic and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons are predominant in urban atmospheres. Depending on location and weather conditions the total concentration of such volatiles can differ by as much as a factor of 20. This high background variation makes it difficult to analyze for trace substances with low odor threshold values, such as encountered in cigarette smoke. Standard cigarettes were smoked in a relatively small room, having no air filtration system. Air samples of approximately 3.51 were taken. The amount of volatiles added to air by cigarette smoking is unsignificant. Substances were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with glass capillary columns. Many compounds reported in cigarette smoke condensate have been confirmed.

Separation of fresh tobacco smoke on a packed polar gas chromatographic column prior to on-line analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a non-polar capillary column

Gaseous samples of fresh tobacco smoke were injected on to a packed polar column (2,2-oxydipropionitrile) in all-glass chromatographic system. With the aid of a warm syringe, selected fractions were withdrawn from the bottom of the electron capture detector of the packed column for further injection into an efficient non-polar glass capillary column (SF-96), connectable on-line to a mass spectrometer. The method has permitted the separation and identification of some polar and non-polar components of tobacco smoke, which gave previously mixed, broad, tailing peaks when the smoke was injected directly into a non-polar capillary column.