1
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HILIC-UV determination of lysine and chloride counterions in active pharmaceutical ingredients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 226:115245. [PMID: 36641963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, robust, and routinely applicable HILIC based HPLC-UV assay was developed for the quantitative determination of the L-Lysine content of Atorvastatin lysine active substance. During the method validation it turned out that with UV detection at 200 nm, the method is also capable for the direct determination of chloride ions. To the best of our knowledge, the phenomenon of chloride determination by short wavelength UV detection had only been once highlighted earlier in the literature. A wide range of the potential applications are demonstrated as well as the validation of the method as a routinely usable assay for residual chloride determination is also given.
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2
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Chilian A, Bancuta OR, Bancuta I, Popescu IV. A mathematical model for improving the ion chromatography method by applying external adjustment standards. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Guo D, Zhou X, Muhammad N, Huang S, Zhu Y. An overview of poly (amide-amine) dendrimers functionalized chromatographic separation materials. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462960. [PMID: 35305456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromatography is one of the most important separation techniques in analytical chemistry. In which, the separation materials are the core for good separation results. Poly (amide-amine) dendrimers with regular three-dimensional structure, abundant terminal groups, controllable molecule chains, and unique cavities appear to have a positive impact on chromatographic separation materials. In the past decades, poly (amide-amine) grafted adsorbents and stationary phases have presented high grafting efficiency, controllable surface structure, good dispersion, and wide practical applications. In this review, the prepared poly (amide-amine) functionalized separation materials and their applications are systematically summarized. Functions, significance, structure-actvity relationships and benefits of poly (amide-amine) dendrimers in the proposed separation materials are discussed in detail. And we hope to provide a useful reference for the future development of chromatographic separation materials and inspire new discoveries in the study of poly (amide-amine) functionalized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center for Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Nadeem Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center for Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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4
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Zhang S, Tang R, Wang D, Ma S, Jia S, Gao Z, Gong B, Ou J. Fabrication of highly crosslinked and monodispersed silicon-containing polymeric microspheres via photo-initiated polymerization and their application in capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1659:462643. [PMID: 34735962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although inorganic silica-based and polymeric micron-sized spheres have widely been explored as column packing materials in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), they are still suffering the problems of either alkali corrosion of silica or polymer swelling. It is still necessary to search simple approaches for fabrication of monodisperse micron-sized hybrid particles as packing materials in HPLC. A novel kind of silicon-containing polyacrylate microspheres was designed and fabricated via two-step swelling and photo-initiated polymerization approach using 3-(allylpropylsilane) propyl acrylate (TAPA) containing both acrylate and vinyl groups and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TRIM) as precursors. After carefully optimizing the fabrication conditions, the monodisperse micron-sized microspheres could be acquired as chromatographic packing, exhibiting excellent mechanical stability and reproducibility. Due to existence of electron-rich vinyl groups, three kinds of thiols such as octadecanethiol (ODT), dithiothreitol (DTT) and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TTMP) were facilely anchored onto the surface of microsphere via photo-initiated thiol-ene click reaction. They were applied in the separation of small molecules by cLC-UV and complex biosamples by cLC-MS/MS. A total of 6691 unique peptides from 1771 unique proteins was identified by ODT-modified microsphere, which was higher than those by unmodified and DTT/TTMP-modified poly(TAPA-co-TRIM) microspheres. It was expected this kind of hybrid microspheres can be further modified and widely applied in chromatographic field, offering great potential in commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shicong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Junjie Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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The Role of Counter-Ions in Peptides-An Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120442. [PMID: 33287352 PMCID: PMC7761850 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins constitute a large group of molecules that play multiple functions in living organisms. In conjunction with their important role in biological processes and advances in chemical approaches of synthesis, the interest in peptide-based drugs is still growing. As the side chains of amino acids can be basic, acidic, or neutral, the peptide drugs often occur in the form of salts with different counter-ions. This review focuses on the role of counter-ions in peptides. To date, over 60 peptide-based drugs have been approved by the FDA. Based on their area of application, biological activity, and results of preliminary tests they are characterized by different counter-ions. Moreover, the impact of counter-ions on structure, physicochemical properties, and drug formulation is analyzed. Additionally, the application of salts as mobile phase additives in chromatographic analyses and analytical techniques is highlighted.
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Huang Z, Zhuge C, Zhu Q, Liu H, She Y, Zhu Y. The polystyrene-divinylbenzene stationary phase modified with poly (Amine-Epichlorohydrin) for ion chromatography. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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A paper-based microfluidic analytical device combined with home-made SPE column for the colorimetric determination of copper(II) ion. Talanta 2019; 204:518-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Dolgonosov AM, Khamizov RK, Kolotilina NK. Nano Ion Exchangers as Modifiers of Chromatographic Phases and Sources of Analytical Signal. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934819030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Galvão ES, Santos JM, Lima AT, Reis NC, Orlando MTD, Stuetz RM. Trends in analytical techniques applied to particulate matter characterization: A critical review of fundaments and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:546-568. [PMID: 29455125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the association of airborne particulate matter (PM) size and chemical composition with health problems affecting the cardiorespiratory and central nervous systems. PM also act as cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) or ice nuclei (IN), taking part in the clouds formation process, and therefore can impact the climate. There are several works using different analytical techniques in PM chemical and physical characterization to supply information to source apportionment models that help environmental agencies to assess damages accountability. Despite the numerous analytical techniques described in the literature available for PM characterization, laboratories are normally limited to the in-house available techniques, which raises the question if a given technique is suitable for the purpose of a specific experimental work. The aim of this work consists of summarizing the main available technologies for PM characterization, serving as a guide for readers to find the most appropriate technique(s) for their investigation. Elemental analysis techniques like atomic spectrometry based and X-ray based techniques, organic and carbonaceous techniques and surface analysis techniques are discussed, illustrating their main features as well as their advantages and drawbacks. We also discuss the trends in analytical techniques used over the last two decades. The choice among all techniques is a function of a number of parameters such as: the relevant particles physical properties, sampling and measuring time, access to available facilities and the costs associated to equipment acquisition, among other considerations. An analytical guide map is presented as a guideline for choosing the most appropriated technique for a given analytical information required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jane Meri Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Neyval Costa Reis
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Michael Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Liu J, Wang Y, Cheng H, Wang N, Wu S, Zhang P, Zhu Y. High-capacity anion exchangers based on poly (glycidylmethacrylate-divinylbenzene) microspheres for ion chromatography. Talanta 2016; 159:272-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Wei X, Zhuang L, Wu C, Chen W, Li Z, Xu B. Rapid determination of trace EDTA in wines and beers by LC-MS/MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Nakashima Y, Ikawa S, Tani A, Kitano K. Ion-exchange chromatographic analysis of peroxynitric acid. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1431:89-93. [PMID: 26748867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange chromatographic analysis of peroxynitric acid (O2NOOH) was performed by combining an acidic eluate with an UV-vis detector and immersing the separation column in an ice-water bath. The decomposition behavior of peroxynitric acid in the solution was also studied using this system. The fraction for the peroxynitric acid peak was collected. Ion-exchange chromatographic analysis of this fraction, after standing at room temperature for 24h, showed that the decomposition products were mainly nitrate ions with a very small amount of nitrous acid. The peroxynitric acid peak area correlated perfectly with the total amount of decomposition products. The ion-exchange chromatographic isolation allowed us to evaluate the molar extinction coefficient of peroxynitric acid precisely in a wider wavelength range than previous reports. The value decreases monotonically from 1729±26M(-1)cm(-1) at 200nm to 12.0±0.5M(-1)cm(-1) at 290nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Nakashima
- Technology Research Institute of Osaka Prefecture, Izumi, Osaka 594-1157, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ikawa
- Technology Research Institute of Osaka Prefecture, Izumi, Osaka 594-1157, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tani
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kitano
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Sadeghi S, Moghaddam AZ. A new method for separation and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography based on anion exchange stationary phase of ionic liquid modified silica. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:725. [PMID: 26526699 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, N-methylimidazolium-chloride ionic liquid functionalized silica was prepared and used as an anion-exchange stationary phase for separation of chromium species by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 200 nm. The Cr(VI) as HCr2O7(-) and chelated Cr(III) with potassium hydrogen phthalate (PHP) as Cr(PHP)2 (-) was retained on the prepared column and separated using a mobile phase composed of 5% methanol in 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. Several variables affecting the chelation/separation steps were modeled by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken (BBD) design. The significance of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variances (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit. Under the optimized conditions, the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) anionic species were well separated with a single peak for each Cr species at retention times of 2.3 and 4.3 min, respectively. The relationship between the peak area and concentration was linear in the range of 0.025-30 for Cr(III) and 0.5-20 mg L(-1) for Cr(VI) with detection limits of 0.010 and 0.210 mg L(-1) for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. The proposed method was validated by simultaneous separation and determination of the Cr species in tap and underground water samples without impose to any pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zeraatkar Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran
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14
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Liu JM, Liu CC, Fang GZ, Wang S. Advanced analytical methods and sample preparation for ion chromatography techniques. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently developed advanced ion chromatography techniques and the various sample preparation methods have been summarized in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Guo-Zhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- China
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15
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Wouters B, Broeckhoven K, Wouters S, Bruggink C, Agroskin Y, Pohl CA, Eeltink S. Using contemporary liquid chromatography theory and technology to improve capillary gradient ion-exchange separations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Wouters S, Wouters B, Jespers S, Desmet G, Eghbali H, Bruggink C, Eeltink S. Design and performance evaluation of a microfluidic ion-suppression module for anion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:253-60. [PMID: 24973803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic membrane suppressor has been constructed to suppress ions of alkaline mobile-phases via an acid-base reaction across a sulfonated poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-based membrane and was evaluated for anion-exchange separations using conductivity detection. The membrane was clamped between two chip substrates, accommodating rectangular microchannels for the eluent and regenerant flow, respectively. Additionally, a clamp-on chip holder has been constructed which allows the alignment and stacking of different chip modules. The response and efficacy of the microfluidic chip suppressor was assessed for a wide range of eluent (KOH) concentrations, using 127 and 183μm thick membranes, while optimizing the flow rate and concentration of the regenerant solution (H2SO4). The optimal operating eluent flow rate was determined at 5μL/min, corresponding to the optimal van-Deemter flow velocity of commercially-available column technology, i.e. a 0.4mm i.d.×250mm long column packed with 7.5μm anion-exchange particles. When equilibrated at 10mM KOH, a 99% decrease in conductivity signal could be obtained within 5min when applying 10mM H2SO4 regenerant at 75μL/min. A background signal as low as 1.2μS/cm was obtained, which equals the performance of a commercially-available electrolytic hollow-fiber suppressor. When increasing the temperature of the membrane suppressor from 15 to 20°C, ion suppression was significantly improved allowing the application of 75mM KOH. The applicability of the chip suppressor has been demonstrated with an isocratic baseline separation of a mixture of seven inorganic ions, yielding plate numbers between 5300 and 10,600 and with a gradient separation of a complex ion mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wouters
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Wouters
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander Jespers
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hamed Eghbali
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cees Bruggink
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, PO box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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Functionalized anion exchange stationary phase for separation of anionic compounds. Talanta 2014; 127:133-9. [PMID: 24913867 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the multilayered stationary phases containing quaternary ammonium functional groups on the silica support was described. Bonded phases were characterized by elemental analysis, solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy and chromatographic methods. The surface of silica support was coated with different number of polymeric layers formed by condensation polymerization of primary amine (methylamine) with diepoxide (1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether). A series of stationary phases with different number of polymerized layers were tested. Separation of an inorganic anions sample (F(-), Cl(-), NO2(-), Br(-), NO3(-)) and nucleotides was performed.
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18
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Dolgonosov AM, Kolotilina NK, Yadykov MS, Burmistrov AA. Composites with a porous bipolar surface for ion chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Andersen JE, Mikolajczak M, Wojtachnio-Zawada KO, Nicolajsen HV. The principle of pooled calibrations and outlier retainment elucidates optimum performance of ion chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 908:122-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Lamb JD, Li N. Ion Chromatography and Membrane Separations Using Macrocyclic Ligands. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Sergeev GM, Sergeeva VP, Elipasheva EV, Maksimova TV, Kulikov PN. Anion exchange selectivity: Study of sorbents with various matrices for separation of chlorine oxoanions and chloroacetic acids. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427212030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Buszewski B, Jaćkowska M, Bocian S, Kosobucki P, Gawdzik B. Functionalized polymeric stationary phases for ion chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:601-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Jaćkowska M, Bocian S, Kosobucki P, Buszewski B. Polymeric Functionalized Stationary Phase for Separation of Ionic Compounds by IC. Chromatographia 2010; 72:611-616. [PMID: 20949118 PMCID: PMC2945629 DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and properties are described of multilayered stationary phases containing quaternary amine functional groups used for the analysis of inorganic anions by ion chromatography. The bonded phases were characterized by elemental analysis, solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy and chromatographic methods. The surface of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (solid support) was coated with polymeric layers formed by condensation polymerization of primary amine with diepoxide. Each layer of the anion exchange stationary phase consisted of methylamine and 1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether copolymer. A series of stationary phases with different number of polymerized layers were tested. Separation of inorganic anions, such as F(-), Cl(-), NO(2) (-), Br(-), NO(3) (-), were performed. Aqueous hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate solutions were used as mobile phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jaćkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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24
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Qiu H, Sun M, Niu J, Liu X, Jiang S. Separation and Determination of Monovalent and Divalent Cations by the Facile Propylsulfonic Acid Functionalized Silica Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Chen Z, Sun Q, Xi Y, Owens G. Speciation of metal-EDTA complexes by flow injection analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3796-802. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Goswami S, Das PK. Detection and quantification of ppb level potassium in biological samples in the presence of high sodium by ion chromatographic method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 863:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Comparison of liquid chromatographic behaviors on N-methylimidazolium functionalized ZrO2/SiO2-4 and N-methylimidazolium functionalized SiO2 stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1182:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Meyer A, Höffler S, Fischer K. Anion-exchange chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method development for the environmental analysis of aliphatic polyhydroxy carboxylic acids. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1170:62-72. [PMID: 17915229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
For environmental analytical purposes, an anion-exchange chromatography-electrospray ionization MS method was developed enabling the identification and quantification of 18 aliphatic (poly)hydroxy (poly)carboxylic acids including sugar and uronic acids. The initially incomplete separation could be partially improved for specific analyte combinations adding borate, the zwitter ionic MES, or an alkylglycoside to the NaOH gradient supplied with the Dionex IonPac AS-11 HC column. Despite the incomplete separation, reproducible and sensitive identification and quantification is possible with MS detection in the selected ion-monitoring mode. Applying an internal standard for the compensation of the sensitivity drift of the detector, linear calibration functions were calculated for all analytes. Limits of detection spanned between 18 and 71 microgL(-1) which could be further improved for some more hydrophobic analytes by post-column addition of MeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Meyer
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty VI - Geography/Geosciences, University of Trier, Campus II, Behringstrasse 21, D-54296 Trier, Germany
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Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Confirmation of iron complex formation using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and sample stacking for analysis of iron polycarboxylate speciation by capillary electrophoresis. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Resto W, Roque J, Rey R, Colón H, Zayas J. The Use of Ion Chromatography for the Determination of Clean-In-Place-200 (CIP-200) Detergent Traces. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/117739010600100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anion chromatography with conductivity detection was chosen as the analytical technique for the development of a cleaning validation method for clean-in-place (CIP) detergents. The method was developed and validated for the determination of traces of the detergent CIP-200. It was shown to be linear with a squared correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999 and the accuracy experiments presented average recoveries of 88.2% (area response factor) from stainless steel surfaces. The repeatability was found to be 1.6% and an intermediate precision of 1.9% across the range. The method was also shown to be sensitive with an average Detection Limit (DL) of 0.23 ppm and a Quantitation Limit (QL) of 0.70 ppm based on the amount of phosphate in the detergent sample. The phosphate signal was well resolved from typical ions encountered in water samples or any other interference presented from swabs and surfaces. The method was applied to cleaning validation samples and proved to be suitable for rapid and reliable quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Resto
- Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico-Cayey, Antonio R. Barceló Ave. Cayey P.R. 00736
| | - Joan Roque
- Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico-Cayey, Antonio R. Barceló Ave. Cayey P.R. 00736
| | - Rosamil Rey
- Research and Development Division, ZAYCOR Industries Corporation, 828 de Diego Ave. Caparra Terrace, San Juan PR 00921
- Interamerican University, Bayamón Campus, Department of Natural Sciences, Bayamon, Puerto Rico 00957
| | - Héctor Colón
- Research and Development Division, ZAYCOR Industries Corporation, 828 de Diego Ave. Caparra Terrace, San Juan PR 00921
| | - Josέ Zayas
- Research and Development Division, ZAYCOR Industries Corporation, 828 de Diego Ave. Caparra Terrace, San Juan PR 00921
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31
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Chen ZL, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Determination of Bromate and Bromide in Seawater by Ion Chromatography, with an Ammonium Salt Solution as Mobile Phase, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Rivasseau C, Boisson AM, Mongélard G, Couram G, Bastien O, Bligny R. Rapid analysis of organic acids in plant extracts by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1129:283-90. [PMID: 16860328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fast, reliable capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with indirect UV detection was optimized and validated to determine the main organic acids contained in plants. Citric, malic, succinic, oxalic, formic, fumaric, acetic acids, and phosphate were quantified. A rapid separation while keeping a good resolution was obtained by optimizing capillary length, separation voltage, electrolyte composition, and pH. Analyses were performed in a 30 cm uncoated fused-silica capillary (length to the detector window) in the co-electroosmotic mode with reversed electroosmotic flow and anodic detection using a -30 kV separation voltage. The pH 9.0 electrolyte contained 3 x 10(-4)mol/L tetradecyltrimethylammonium and 10(-2)mol/L trimellitate. Separation with baseline return was achieved in 100 s. Linearity, detection limits, repeatability, reproducibility, and recoveries were evaluated. Mean precision values of 0.2 and 3.4% for migration times and time-corrected peak areas, respectively, enabled accurate identification and quantification whether in standard solutions or in samples. Such performances were perfectly adapted to high-throughput routine determinations of organic acids in research or industry. Organic acids were assayed in different plant tissues and cells, including sycamore, arabidopsis, buttercup, and pea. Citrate and malate were the most abundant in all plants tested with concentrations reaching 18.9 and 22.3 micromol/g fresh matter, respectively. Cadmium effect on pea leaves metabolism was also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Rivasseau
- CEA, DSV, DRDC, Laboratory of Plant Cellular Physiology, UMR 5168 CEA/CNRS/INRA/UJF, Grenoble, France.
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Bolanča T, Cerjan-Stefanović Š, Luša M, Ukić Š, Leaković S. Determination of Inorganic Ions in Fertilizer Industry Wastewater by Ion Chromatography. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Qiu H, Jiang S, Liu X. N-Methylimidazolium anion-exchange stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1103:265-70. [PMID: 16325829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the preparation of a new anion-exchange phase based on N-methylimidazolium immobilized on silica is described. HPLC separations of common inorganic anions, including an iodate, chloride, bromide, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate, were performed using a HPLC column (200 x 4.6mm I.D.) packed with the said phase, and phosphate buffer solution and acetate buffer solution as the mobile phases respectively, with UV detection at 200 nm. The effects of pH and the concentration of the eluent on the separation of anions were studied. With the efficiency and resolution of the column calculated, the results showed that this new phase can be used in the analysis of these in organic anions with great prospects. At the same time, successful separations of some organic anions, amines and nucleotides have also been obtained respectively using this new phase. The phase displayed a main strong anion-exchange mechanism and a coexistent reverse-phase interaction, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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35
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Chen SP, Huang T, Sun SG. A new method of ion chromatography technology for speedy determination and analysis in organic electrosynthesis of glyoxylic acid. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:142-7. [PMID: 16130782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on ion chromatography (IC) technology, we have developed a new method that combines ion chromatography with a conductivity detector to separate and determine the substances of glyoxal, glycolic acid, oxalic acid and glyoxylic acid. The ion chromatography was applied for the first time in quantitative determination of substances involved in electrosynthesis of glyoxylic acid. The method has been applied to separate and analyze simultaneously either glyoxylic acid and glyoxal in electroxidation of glyoxal, or glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid in electroreduction of oxalic acid. An aqueous Na2CO3-NaHCO3 or NaOH-Na2CO3 solution was confirmed to be the most desirable eluent. The experimental results demonstrated that the detection sensitivity is ahead of ppm grade, and the variation coefficients such as the retention time, the peak height and the peak area outperform 2%. All the recoveries of the detected substances are ranged between 97 and 103%. The method exhibits advantages of high selectivity, high sensitivity, speediness and simple apparatus requirement. Furthermore, simultaneous determination of a mixture of several substances can be achieved by the developed method, and even a neutral molecule of glyoxal can be also determined by choosing an appropriate composition and concentration of eluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Pei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory, Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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Auler LMLA, Silva CR, Collins KE, Collins CH. New stationary phase for anion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:147-53. [PMID: 15909516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of an anion-exchange phase based on silica, using a two-step modification process. First, 10 microm Davisil silica particles were silanized with chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to yield chloropropyl silica. The modified silica was then reacted with pyridine to produce positively charged propylpyridinium groups on the surface, the anion-exchange sites. The phase was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared and solid state 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopies. HPLC separations of common inorganic anions, including chloride, nitrite, bromide and nitrate, were performed using 150 x 3.9 HPLC columns packed with the phase, using a phthalate buffer solution as mobile phase with non-suppressed conductivity detection. Efficiency and resolution were calculated and the results show that the new phase has significant promise for the analysis of these anions in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia M L A Auler
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear/Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN), Caixa Postal 941, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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38
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Bolanča T, Cerjan‐Stefanović Š, Srečnik G, Debeljak Ž, Novič M. Comparison of Retention Modeling in Ion Chromatography by Using Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/ss-200052816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Development of ion chromatography methods for the determination of trace anions in ultra pure water from power plants. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2005. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0507995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A suppressed ion chromatography (IC) technique, using a carbonate/hydrogen carbonate or a hydroxide eluent, has been evaluated as a monitoring tool for the detection of major anions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, PO43- and SO42-) in ultra pure water and condensed steam from thermal power plants. An electrical conductivity detector with an anion-exchange column (IonPac AS14), an auto self-regenerating suppressor (ASRS), and an isocratic high-pressure pump system were used for the detection of low concentrations of inorganic anions. It was shown that the suppressed IC technique provides a suitable means for preventing possible damage to generating equipment in power plants. The detection limits of the method for the anions of interest were < 0.3 ?g/L.
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40
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Paull B, Nesterenko PN. Novel ion chromatographic stationary phases for the analysis of complex matrices. Analyst 2004; 130:134-46. [PMID: 15665965 DOI: 10.1039/b406355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion chromatography (IC) has a proven track record in the determination of inorganic and organic anions and cations in complex matrices. Recently, application of IC to the separation and determination of bio-molecules such as amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, proteins and peptides has also received much attention. The key to the determination of all of the above species in the most analytically challenging complex matrices is the ability to manipulate selectivity through control of stationary phase chemistry, mobile phase chemistry and the choice of detection method. This Tutorial Review summarises some of the most significant recent advances made in IC stationary phase technology. In particular, the review details stationary phases specifically designed for ion analysis in complex sample matrices, and considers in which direction future stationary phase development might proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Paull
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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41
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Shaw MJ, Haddad PR. The determination of trace metal pollutants in environmental matrices using ion chromatography. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2004; 30:403-431. [PMID: 14987873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Accepted: 09/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A review is presented detailing the development of ion chromatography (IC) as a selective analytical tool for the determination of toxic metals and their organic species in many environmental sample matrices. A brief outline of ion chromatographic principles, together with an overview of the stationary phases used to separate metals, namely ion exchangers, modified ion pair sorbents and chelating ion exchangers, and the methods for detecting metal ions including hyphenation with spectroscopy and sample preparation schemes are also given, prior to a critical examination of developed methods for various metals including arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, aluminium and uranium since 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Shaw
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
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42
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Lu S, Sun X, Shi C, Zhang Y. Determination of tricarboxylic acid cycle acids and other related substances in cultured mammalian cells by gradient ion-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1012:161-8. [PMID: 14521312 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An ion-exchange chromatography method was established for simultaneously analyzing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle acids and other related substances in cultured mammalian cells, including citrate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate, fumarate, oxaloacetate, trans-aconitate, phosphate, lactate and pyruvate. A Dionex 600 ion chromatograph with an ion suppressor and a conductivity detector, and an IonPac AS11-HC analytical column were employed. An NaOH gradient elution containing 13.5% methanol contributed to sufficient separation of target substances. The stability of carboxylic acids was investigated and oxaloacetate was found to be extremely unstable especially at pH 3. TCA cycle acids and other related substances in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were separated completely, and lactate, malate, phosphate, citrate and cis-aconitate were quantified due to their higher concentrations. In the quantification of the five substances, detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.12 to 0.48 microM, the correlation coefficients from 0.9982 to 1.0000 in their linear ranges of concentration, and the recoveries from 87 to 95%. The metabolic status of CHO cells was analyzed on the basis of the intracellular concentrations of TCA cycle acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Shaw MJ, Nesterenko PN, Dicinoski GW, Haddad PR. Selectivity behaviour of a bonded phosphonate--carboxylate polymeric ion exchanger for metal cations with varying eluent compositions. J Chromatogr A 2003; 997:3-11. [PMID: 12830871 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic behaviour of a commercially available ion-exchange stationary phase (the Dionex IonPac CS12A column) is described for a wide range of transition and heavy metal ions with nitric acid eluents containing chloride and nitrate potassium salts. The separation selectivity was found to arise from simultaneous ion-exchange interactions and chelation with the attached carboxylic and phosphonic acid groups. These interactions were investigated by altering the ionic strength and pH of the eluent and also the column temperature. Strong affinity of the stationary phase towards heavy metal ions, in particular bismuth and the uranyl ion was observed at low pH under chelating ion-exchange conditions, with high efficiency separations of other ions including cadmium and lead being possible with short analysis times (approximately 5-15 min). Examples are given of separations obtained using 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol or Arsenazo III as the post-column chromogenic reagents, demonstrating the potential versatility and utility of this stationary phase for heavy metal ion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Shaw
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
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