1
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An J, Fan L, Zhi X, Dong Z. Quantification of sedative-hypnotics in human urine and plasma via polystyrene-based solid phase extraction-LC-MS/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115753. [PMID: 37776626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the adverse effects of the overuse of common sedative-hypnotics on human health, the development of an efficient analytical method for the detection of drugs in clinical emergencies and forensic science is significant. Although conventional analytical methods, such as immunoassay, liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry (MS) are reliable, they exhibit drawbacks such low-throughput screening and high costs. Thus, in this study, we developed a novel high-throughput method consisting of a polystyrene-based solid phase extraction (SPE) and an LC with tandem MS analysis for the detection of drugs in biological samples and investigated its precision and reliability via the detection of twelve sedative-hypnotics in human urine and plasma samples. Good linear relationship (r ≥ 0.99) were achieved within the concentration range of 0.1-20 ng/mL for the 12 analytes in urine samples. Whereas, in the plasma samples, the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99 in the concentration range 1-100 ng/mL for lorazepam and clonazepam and in the range 0.5-100 ng/mL for the remaining analytes. The intra- and inter-day precision, autosampler and freeze-thaw stabilities, and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for all twelve analytes in the urine and plasma samples were favorable. Furthermore, sedative-hypnotics were detected in clinical samples obtained from the Hebei General Hospital using this method. These results indicated that the analytical method proposed in this study can be effectively applied in toxicology screening and drug abuse monitoring.The method developed in this study could be applied in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories for sedative-hypnotic drug screening, providing support for drug abuse monitoring and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Liju Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Xuran Zhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Zhanjun Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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2
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An J, Wang X, Song H, Zhao T, Ren H, Kang W, Dong Z, Niu L, Shi H. Simultaneous determination of four sedative-hypnotics in human urine based on dendritic structured magnetic nanomaterials. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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3
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Grecco CF, Souza ID, Queiroz MEC. Novel materials as capillary coatings for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction for bioanalysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1662-1693. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fernandes Grecco
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Israel Donizeti Souza
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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4
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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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5
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Salim A, Memon MU, Jeong H, Lim S. Simplified Approach to Detect Dielectric Constant Using a Low-Cost Microfluidic Quarter Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4985. [PMID: 32887520 PMCID: PMC7506599 DOI: 10.3390/s20174985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquid materials' characterization using commercial probes and radio frequency techniques is expensive and complex. This study proposes a compact and cost-effective radio frequency sensor system to measure the dielectric constant using a three-material calibration. The simplified approach measures reflection coefficient magnitudes for all four materials rather than the complex values in conventional permittivity detection systems. We employ a sensor module based on a circular substrate-integrated waveguide with measured unloaded quality factor = 910 to ensure measurement reliability. Miniaturized quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide resonators are integrated with four microfluidic channels containing three known materials and one unknown analyte. Step-wise measurement and linearity ensures maximum 4% error for the dielectric constant compared with results obtained using a high-performance commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea; (A.S.); (M.U.M.); (H.J.)
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6
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Fused-silica capillary internally modified with nanostructured octadecyl silica for dynamic in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous media. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Bioanalytical HPLC Applications of In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction: A Two-Decade Overview. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092096. [PMID: 32365828 PMCID: PMC7248733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-tube solid phase microextraction is a cutting-edge sample treatment technique offering significant advantages in terms of miniaturization, green character, automation, and preconcentration prior to analysis. During the past years, there has been a considerable increase in the reported publications, as well as in the research groups focusing their activities on this technique. In the present review article, HPLC bioanalytical applications of in-tube SPME are discussed, covering a wide time frame of twenty years of research reports. Instrumental aspects towards the coupling of in-tube SPME and HPLC are also discussed, and detailed information on materials/coatings and applications in biological samples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-099-7663
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8
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Iqbal A, Smida A, Saraereh OA, Alsafasfeh QH, Mallat NK, Lee BM. Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna-Based Sensors for Liquid Chemical Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1200. [PMID: 30857265 PMCID: PMC6427509 DOI: 10.3390/s19051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A compact, cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA), using radio frequency signals to identify different liquids is proposed in this paper. The proposed CDRA sensor is excited by a rectangular slot through a 3-mm-wide microstrip line. The rectangular slot has been used to excite the CDRA for H E M 11 mode at 5.25 GHz. Circuit model values (capacitance, inductance, resistance and transformer ratios) of the proposed CDRA are derived to show the true behaviour of the system. The proposed CDRA acts as a sensor due to the fact that different liquids have different dielectric permittivities and, hence, will be having different resonance frequencies. Two different types of CDRA sensors are designed and experimentally validated with four different liquids (Isopropyl, ethanol, methanol and water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Iqbal
- Centre for Wireless Technology (CWT), Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia.
| | - Amor Smida
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952 AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia.
- Unit of Research in High Frequency Electronic Circuits and Systems, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Omar A Saraereh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Qais H Alsafasfeh
- Department of Electrical Power and Mechatronics Engineering, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 11183, Jordan.
| | - Nazih Khaddaj Mallat
- College of Engineering, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
| | - Byung Moo Lee
- School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
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9
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Piergiovanni M, Cappiello A, Famiglini G, Termopoli V, Palma P. Determination of benzodiazepines in beverages using green extraction methods and capillary HPLC-UV detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 154:492-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Ternary mixed-mode silica sorbent of solid-phase extraction for determination of basic, neutral and acidic drugs in human serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3731-3742. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Memon MU, Lim S. Microfluidic High-Q Circular Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity for Radio Frequency (RF) Chemical Liquid Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E143. [PMID: 29316646 PMCID: PMC5796479 DOI: 10.3390/s18010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a high-Q circular substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator is proposed as a non-contact and non-invasive radio frequency (RF) sensor for chemical sensing applications. The design of the structure utilizes SIW technology along with a circular shape to achieve a high unloaded Q factor, which is one of the important requirements for RF sensors. The resonant frequency of the proposed circular SIW cavity sensor changes when a liquid material or a chemical (microliters) is inserted in the sensitive area of the structure. The sensing of liquid materials with different permittivities is accomplished via the perturbation of the electric fields in the SIW configuration. When a microwell that is 4 mm in radius is installed vertically through the center of the bare circular SIW cavity, the operating frequency varies from 5.26 to 5.34 GHz. Similarly, when the microwell contains ethanol, the frequency shifts from 5.26 to 5.18 GHz, and the amplitude of reflection coefficient is shifted from -29 dB to -17 dB; when the microwell contains mixing deionized (DI)-water, the frequency moves from 5.26 to 4.98 GHz (which is also 0% Ethanol in our study), and the amplitude of reflection coefficient is shifted from -29 dB to -8 dB. A high unloaded Q factor is maintained throughout all experimental results. To demonstrate our idea, different concentrations of ethanol are tested and recorded. The experimental validation yields a close agreement between the simulations and the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Memon
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84-Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84-Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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12
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Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Shamsayei M. Using cobalt/chromium layered double hydroxide nano-sheets as a novel packed in-tube solid phase microextraction sorbent for facile extraction of acidic pesticides from water samples. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00372f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt/chromium-layered double hydroxide (Co/Cr (NO3−)-LDH) nano-sheets were employed as a packed in-tube solid phase microextraction sorbent for efficient extraction of acidic pesticides from water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Asiabi
- Department of Chemistry
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
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13
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de Faria HD, Abrão LCDC, Santos MG, Barbosa AF, Figueiredo EC. New advances in restricted access materials for sample preparation: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 959:43-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Memon MU, Lim S. Microwave Chemical Sensor Using Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Cavity [corrected]. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16111829. [PMID: 27809240 PMCID: PMC5134488 DOI: 10.3390/s16111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research proposes a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity sensor to detect several chemicals using the millimeter-wave frequency range. The frequency response of the presented SIW sensor is switched by filling a very small quantity of chemical inside of the fluidic channel, which also causes a difference in the effective permittivity. The fluidic channel on this structure is either empty or filled with a chemical; when it is empty the structure resonates at 17.08 GHz. There is always a different resonant frequency when any chemical is injected into the fluidic channel. The maximum amount of chemical after injection is held in the center of the SIW structure, which has the maximum magnitude of the electric field distribution. Thus, the objective of sensing chemicals in this research is achieved by perturbing the electric fields of the SIW structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Memon
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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15
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Kim HK, Lee D, Lim S. A Fluidically Tunable Metasurface Absorber for Flexible Large-Scale Wireless Ethanol Sensor Applications. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16081246. [PMID: 27509498 PMCID: PMC5017411 DOI: 10.3390/s16081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel flexible tunable metasurface absorber is proposed for large-scale remote ethanol sensor applications. The proposed metasurface absorber consists of periodic split-ring-cross resonators (SRCRs) and microfluidic channels. The SRCR patterns are inkjet-printed on paper using silver nanoparticle inks. The microfluidic channels are laser-etched on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material. The proposed absorber can detect changes in the effective permittivity for different liquids. Therefore, the absorber can be used for a remote chemical sensor by detecting changes in the resonant frequencies. The performance of the proposed absorber is demonstrated with full-wave simulation and measurement results. The experimental results show the resonant frequency increases from 8.9 GHz to 10.04 GHz when the concentration of ethanol is changed from 0% to 100%. In addition, the proposed absorber shows linear frequency shift from 20% to 80% of the different concentrations of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ki Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Dongju Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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16
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Rani S, Malik AK, Kaur R, Kaur R. A Review for the Analysis of Antidepressant, Antiepileptic and Quinolone Type Drugs in Pharmaceuticals and Environmental Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:424-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1141670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheela Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ripneel Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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17
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Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS)-UHPLC-UV: A simple and efficient method for the determination of five benzodiazepines in an alcoholic beverage. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Preconcentration and determination of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam drugs using dispersive nanomaterial-ultrasound assisted microextraction method followed by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Esmaeili-Shahri E, Es'haghi Z. Superparamagnetic Fe3 O4 @SiO2 core-shell composite nanoparticles for the mixed hemimicelle solid-phase extraction of benzodiazepines from hair and wastewater samples before high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4095-104. [PMID: 26412451 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Fe3 O4 /SiO2 composite core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and applied for the surfactant-assisted solid-phase extraction of five benzodiazepines diazepam, oxazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam, and midazolam, from human hair and wastewater samples before high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The nanocomposite was synthesized in two steps. First, Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method of Fe(III) and Fe(II) as reaction substrates and NH3 /H2 O as precipitant. Second, the surface of Fe3 O4 nanoparticles was modified with shell silica by Stober method using tetraethylorthosilicate. The Fe3 O4 /SiO2 composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. To enhance their adsorptive tendency toward benzodiazepines, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added, which was adsorbed on the surface of the Fe3 O4 /SiO2 nanoparticles and formed mixed hemimicelles. The main parameters affecting the efficiency of the method were thoroughly investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.10-15 μgmL(-1) . The relative standard deviations ranged from 2.73 to 7.07%. The correlation coefficients varied from 0.9930 to 0.9996.
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21
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Recent Developments and Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in Food and Environmental Analysis—A Review. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Tan F, Zhao C, Li L, Liu M, He X, Gao J. Graphene oxide based in-tube solid-phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicides in water. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2312-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE); School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE); School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Lianjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE); School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE); School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE); School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Jinsuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE); School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
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23
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Shan WC, Cui YL, He X, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang JP. Production of monoclonal antibody against clonazepam for immunoassay of benzodiazepine drugs in swine tissues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:15-22. [PMID: 25421624 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.964620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to produce a generic monoclonal antibody for immunoassay of residues of benzodiazepine drugs in swine tissues. Clonazepam was used to synthesize a hapten that was coupled to bovine serum albumin as an immunogen for the production of monoclonal antibody. Results showed that the obtained monoclonal antibody was able to recognize five benzodiazepine drugs simultaneously (clonazepam, flunitrazepam nitrazepam, diazepam, and oxazepam). The cross-reactivities were in the range of 24-100% and the limits of detection were in the range of 0.2-1.5 ng mL(-1) depending on the drug. Then a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to determine the residues of five benzodiazepines in swine tissues (muscle, liver and kidney). The recoveries of five analytes from the fortified blank samples were in the range of 74.5-96.5% with coefficients of variation lower than 16.7%. Therefore, this immunoassay could be used as a rapid and simple method for the screening of residues of five benzodiazepine drugs in animal-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen C Shan
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , Hebei , China
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24
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Abstract
AbstractBenzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work.
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Zaitsev VN, Zui MF. Preconcentration by solid-phase microextraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yang Y, Lord H, Pawliszyn J. A new strategy to eliminate sample mixing during in-tube solid phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1318:12-21. [PMID: 24353998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During in-tube solid phase microextraction, sample mixing with mobile phase contained in the autosampler tubing during extraction may result in some amount of sample becoming entrained in the mobile phase rather than returning to the sample vial or being directed to waste after extraction. In cases where target analytes have relatively low affinity for the sorbent on the wall of the capillary, mixing can impact data quality. Where the sample contains components that may interfere with either the separation (e.g. proteins) or detection (e.g. ions with MS detection), additional difficulties can arise. In the current research, the magnitude of the sample mixing effect was illustrated by analyzing ranitidine and a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The sample volume equivalent of mixing was calculated as 37 μL for ranitidine and 20 μL for PAHs using the same inner diameter of capillary. To address this issue, a novel approach involving adding a switching valve located between the metering pump and the capillary was developed. Capillary flush conditions, draw/eject speed and extraction time were optimized for ranitidine with the result that in the final method, no mixing of sample with mobile phase was apparent in the detected amounts. To provide information on a compound class with intermediate polarity, two -blockers were also extracted using the optimized washing conditions respectively. The results indicated that the issue of sample mixing had been resolved for these as well. Finally, in-tube SPME calibration of these three analyte classes was shown to be highly linear, providing further indication that sample mixing was not impacting data quality. Available literature on the subject was surveyed, and a discussion on the rational selection of conditions to guide method development was also provided.
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Queiroz M, Melo L. Selective capillary coating materials for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography to determine drugs and biomarkers in biological samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 826:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chaichi MJ, Alijanpour SO. A new chemiluminescence method for determination of clonazepam and diazepam based on 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate/copper as catalyst. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:36-41. [PMID: 24036305 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemiluminescence (CL) reaction, Benzodiazepines-H2O2-1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate/copper, for determination of clonazepam and diazepam at nanogram per milliliter level in batch-type system have been described. The method relies on the catalytic effect of 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate/copper on the chemiluminescence reaction of Benzodiazepines, the oxidation of Benzodiazepines with hydrogen peroxide in natural medium. The influences of various experimental parameters such as solution pH, the ratio of 1-Ethyl-3 Methylimidazolium ethylsulfate concentration to copper ion, the type of buffer and the concentration of CL reagents were investigated. Under the optimum condition, the proposed method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of these drugs in tablets and urine without the interference of their potential impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chaichi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
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29
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Wang X, Ma Q, Li M, Chang C, Bai Y, Feng Y, Liu H. Automated and sensitive analysis of 28-epihomobrassinolide in Arabidopsis thaliana by on-line polymer monolith microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1317:121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Chaves AR, Queiroz MEC. Immunoaffinity in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for determination of interferon α in plasma samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 928:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Hu Y, Song C, Li G. Fiber-in-tube solid-phase microextraction with molecularly imprinted coating for sensitive analysis of antibiotic drugs by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1263:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Vardini MT, Mashayekhi HA, Saber-Tehrani M. DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AS AN EFFICIENT AND SENSITIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ALPRAZOLAM, OXAZEPAM, AND DIAZEPAM IN HUMAN URINE SAMPLES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.637277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ali Mashayekhi
- b Department of Chemistry , Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tonekabon , Iran
| | - Mohammad Saber-Tehrani
- c Department of Chemistry , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
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33
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Biocompatible in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for determination of interferon α in plasma samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Yu QW, Ma Q, Feng YQ. Temperature-response polymer coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2011; 84:1019-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Benzodiazepines: sample preparation and HPLC methods for their determination in biological samples. Bioanalysis 2011; 1:755-84. [PMID: 21083137 DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BDZs) belong to a group of substances known for their sedative, antidepressive, muscle relaxant, tranquilizer, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. Their determination in biological fluids is essential in clinical assays as well as in forensics and toxicological studies. Researchers focus on the development of rapid, accurate, precise and sensitive methods for the determination of BDZs and their metabolites. A large number of analytical methods using different techniques have been reported, but none can be considered as the method of choice. BDZs are usually present at trace levels (microgram or nanogram per milliliter) in a complex biological matrix and the potentially interfering compounds must be isolated by various extraction techniques before analysis. An extended and comprehensive review is presented herein, focusing on sample preparation (pretreatment and extraction) and HPLC conditions applied by different authors. These methods enable bioanalysts to achieve detection limits down to 1-2 ng/ml using UV/diode array detection, readily available in most laboratories, and better than 1 ng/ml using electron capture detection, which is lower than that obtained using a nitrogen phosphorus detector. MS interfaced with electrospray ionization offered a similar sensitivity, while negative chemical ionization MS or sonic spray ionization MS provided sensitivity down to 0.1 ng/ml.
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36
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Porous monoliths: sorbents for miniaturized extraction in biological analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Tyszczuk K. Determination of Diazepam, Temazepam and Oxazepam at the Lead Film Electrode by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Nováková L, Vlčková H. A review of current trends and advances in modern bio-analytical methods: Chromatography and sample preparation. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 656:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Kataoka H, Ishizaki A, Nonaka Y, Saito K. Developments and applications of capillary microextraction techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 655:8-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Recent developments and applications of microextraction techniques in drug analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:339-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Electrochemically deposited boronate affinity extracting phase for covalent solid phase microextraction of cis-diol biomolecules. Talanta 2009; 79:746-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Ma Q, Chen M, Shi ZG, Feng YQ. Preparation of a poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide-co
-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary and its application for in-tube solid-phase microextrac-tion coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2592-600. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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44
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Restricted-access media supports for direct high-throughput analysis of biological fluid samples: review of recent applications. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:577-94. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an update on the use of restricted-access materials (RAMs) for direct injection of biological samples. The fundamental improvements in the preparation of tailored RAMs and the diversity of applications with these phases are presented. Insights into diminishing the matrix effect by the use of RAM supports in methods by LC–MS and into the low number of methods for enantiomeric separations by direct injections of biological samples are addressed. The diversity of systems that incorporate RAMs for selective sample clean-up or fractionation in proteome and peptidome analysis is also covered.
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45
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Kumazawa T, Saeki K, Yanagisawa I, Uchigasaki S, Hasegawa C, Seno H, Suzuki O, Sato K. Automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with HPLC/MS/MS for the determination of butyrophenone derivatives in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1161-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Li T, Xu J, Wu JH, Feng YQ. Liquid-phase deposition of silica nanoparticles into a capillary for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2989-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Liu XY, Ji YS, Zhang HX, Liu MC. Highly sensitive analysis of substituted aniline compounds in water samples by using oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an in-tube solid-phase microextraction medium. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1212:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:781-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Vuckovic D, Cudjoe E, Hein D, Pawliszyn J. Automation of Solid-Phase Microextraction in High-Throughput Format and Applications to Drug Analysis. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6870-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, and PAS Technology, Magdala, Germany
| | - Erasmus Cudjoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, and PAS Technology, Magdala, Germany
| | - Dietmar Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, and PAS Technology, Magdala, Germany
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, and PAS Technology, Magdala, Germany
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50
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Two new techniques for sample preparation in bioanalysis: Microextraction in packed sorbent (MEPS) and use of a bonded monolith as sorbent for sample preparation in polypropylene tips for 96-well plates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:797-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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